1
|
Liu C, Chen Z, Wu SL, Chow TC, Cheng RS, Lee JT, Yew DT. Comparative Review on Effects of Pien Tze Huang and AnGong NiuHuang Pill and their Potential on Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2350-2360. [PMID: 35306986 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220318111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The ancient composite formulae Angong Niuhuang pill and Pien Tze Huang that were used a few hundred years ago to treat febrile disease and inflammation respectively are found to exert effects benefiting other neurological diseases and conditions. This short review introduces the main constituents of the two formulae, looking into both the cumulative synergetic and possible individual effects of each herb or animal apcoien. In essence, the main effects of Angong Niuhuang pill include antiinflammation, antioxidation, anti-cell death, anticonvulsion, antiedema, antipyretic, antithrombotic, antimicrobial (bacteria, viruses, fungi), neuroprotective effects, and cardiovascular protection. The main effects of Pien Tze Huang include antiinflammation, antioxidation, anti-cell death, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, neuroprotective effects, and cardiovascular protection. Comparing both composites, similarities of the effects and part of the components are found, showing some pharmacological evidence. This review casts light on research on the effects of neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective mechanisms as well as treatment mechanisms for cerebral accidents in the integrative medicine perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congsheng Liu
- Fujian Provincial Corporate Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development (R & D), Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fujian, China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Corporate Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development (R & D), Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fujian, China
| | - Sharon L.Y. Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| | - Tony C.H. Chow
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| | - Rufina S.Y. Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| | - Jocy T.C. Lee
- Hong Kong College of Technology, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| | - David T. Yew
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
- Hong Kong College of Technology, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faheem M, Ameer S, Khan AW, Haseeb M, Raza Q, Ali Shah F, Khusro A, Aarti C, Umar Khayam Sahibzada M, El-Saber Batiha G, Koirala N, Adnan M, Alghamdi S, Assaggaf H, Alsiwiehri NO. A comprehensive review on antiepileptic properties of medicinal plants. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
|
3
|
|
4
|
Zhao Q, Chen XY, Martin C. Scutellaria baicalensis, the golden herb from the garden of Chinese medicinal plants. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016; 61:1391-1398. [PMID: 27730005 PMCID: PMC5031759 DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, or Chinese skullcap, has been widely used as a medicinal plant in China for thousands of years, where the preparation from its roots is called Huang-Qin. It has been applied in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, hemorrhaging, insomnia, inflammation and respiratory infections. Flavones such as baicalin, wogonoside and their aglycones baicalein wogonin are the major bioactive compounds extracted from the root of S. baicalensis. These flavones have been reported to have various pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotection, antibacterial and antiviral, antioxidant, anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects. In this review, we focus on clinical applications and the pharmacological properties of the medicinal plant and the flavones extracted from it. We also describe biotechnological and metabolic methods that have been used to elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of the bioactive compounds in Scutellaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai, 201602 China
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai, 201602 China
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye M, Bi YF, Ding L, Zhu WW, Gao W. Saikosaponin a functions as anti-epileptic effect in pentylenetetrazol induced rats through inhibiting mTOR signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:281-287. [PMID: 27261605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saikosaponin a (SSa), which is one major bioactive compound isolated from radix bupleuri, has been demonstrated to exhibit the properties of anticonvulsant and antiepileptic in few reports. This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanism by which SSa protects against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced epileptic seizure. METHODS PTZ induced rat and hippocampal neuron were established. Treated rats or hippocampal neuron with SSa, and mTOR, P70S6K, IL-1β and TNF-α were then determined. RESULTS In PTZ induced rat, SSa significantly reduced seizure severity and duration while markedly elevated seizure latency, and it also down-regulated hippocampal p-mTOR, p-70S6K, L-1β and TNF-α expression. In hippocampal neurons exposed to PTZ, p-mTOR and p-70S6K expression levels were also decreased by SSa. Pre-incubated hippocampal neurons with leucine, an mTOR agonist, reversed the effects of SSa on decreasing cytokines expression and inhibiting cell apoptosis. The treatment of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin prevented against the increase of cytokines expression and hippocampal neuron apoptosis induced by PTZ. Leucine also canceled the alleviation of seizures and induction of hippocampal caspase-3 activity in PTZ induced rat with the treatment of SSa. CONCLUSION SSa protects against PTZ induced epileptic seizure and hippocampal neuron apoptosis through inhibiting mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 215006, China
| | - Yong-Feng Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 215006, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 215006, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 215006, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hwang MW, Ahn TS, Hong NR, Jeong HS, Jung MH, Ha KT, Kim BJ. Effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang on gastrointestinal motility in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1117-1124. [PMID: 25632184 PMCID: PMC4306155 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), a herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine, on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in mice.
METHODS: The in vivo effects of SHXXT on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates (ITRs) using Evans blue in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction (GMD).
RESULTS: In normal ICR mice, ITRs were significantly and dose-dependently increased by SHXXT (0.1-1 g/kg). GMD was induced by injecting acetic acid or streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The ITRs of GMD mice were significantly reduced compared to normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by SHXXT (0.1-1 g/kg).
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SHXXT is a novel candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent that may prevent or alleviate GMD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yun J, Jung YS. A Scutellaria baicalensis radix water extract inhibits morphine-induced conditioned place preference. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1382-1387. [PMID: 25068674 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.892514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) has been used as a traditional herbal preparation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders in Asian countries for centuries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of S. baicalensis on morphine-induced drug dependence in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to evaluate the effect of S. baicalensis and baicalin on morphine-induced dependence-like behavior, a water extract of S. baicalensis [500 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or baicalin (50 mg/kg, i.p., a flavonoid found in S. baicalensis) was administered prior to morphine injection [5 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, subcutaneously (s.c.)] to rats for 8 and 4 d, respectively. Morphine-induced conditioned place preference was assessed by measuring the time spent in a drug-paired chamber. The effect of S. baicalensis on dopamine receptor supersensitivity (locomotor activity) and dopamine agonist-induced climbing behavior due to a single apomorphine treatment (2 mg/kg, s.c.) was also measured. RESULTS At 50 mg/kg, a water extract of S. baicalensis decreased morphine (5 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference by 86% in rats. Apomorphine (2 mg/kg)-induced locomotor activity (dopamine receptor supersensitivity) in rats and climbing behavior in mice were attenuated after pretreatment with 500 mg/kg of S. baicalensis water extract by 41% and 56%, respectively. In addition, baicalin-reduced morphine-induced conditioned places preference by 86% in rats at 50 mg/kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that S. baicalensis can ameliorate drug addiction-related behavior through functional regulation of dopamine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- Pharmaceutical Standardization Research and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Busan , Republic of Korea and
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song KH, Lee SH, Kim BY, Park AY, Kim JY. Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis reduced body weight and blood triglyceride in db/db Mice. Phytother Res 2012; 27:244-50. [PMID: 22532505 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis has been extensively employed for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, dysentery, inflammatory diseases, and the common cold. The present study was performed to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemia effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts (SBE) in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Male db/db mice were divided into three groups (n = 5) and orally administrated vehicle (control), SBE 10, and 100 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks everyday. Administration of SBE improves weight gain, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia in db/db mice. In obese db/db mice, SBE treatment also reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. In the livers of db/db mice, SBE promoted 5' AMP-activated protein kinase activity and restored metabolic process and insulin signaling pathways. Our data demonstrate that SBE exerts potent anti-obesity and anti-hypertriglyceride effects suggesting its useful potential function as adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of weight gain and hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hoon Song
- Division of constitutional medicine research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li C, Lin G, Zuo Z. Pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics properties of Radix Scutellariae and its bioactive flavones. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:427-45. [PMID: 21928297 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radix Scutellariae is the dried root of the medicinal plant Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi. It exhibits a variety of therapeutic effects and has a long history of application in traditional formulations as well as in modern herbal medications. It has been confirmed that flavonoids are the most abundant constituents and induce these therapeutic effects. Six flavones are proven to be the major bioactive flavones in Radix Scutellariae existing in the forms of aglycones (baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A) and glycosides (baicalin, wogonoside, oroxylin A-7-glucuronide). All six flavones are pharmacologically active and show great potential in the treatment of inflammation, cancers and virus-related diseases. The current review covers the preparation of the herb Radix Scutellariae, quantification of its major bioactive ingredients, and pharmacological effects of the proposed six bioactive flavones. In addition, this review summarizes the pharmacokinetic profiles of the bioactive flavones reported so far that could be used for further improvement of their pharmacokinetic study. Moreover, due to abundant co-occurring bioactive components in Radix Scutellariae, our review further documents the pharmacokinetic interactions among them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vyawahare NS, Bodhankar SL. Anticonvulsant Activity of Argyreia speciosa in Mice. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:131-4. [PMID: 20336209 PMCID: PMC2839397 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.54277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Argyreia speciosa commonly known as Vridha daraka in Sanskrit is one of the important plants used in indigenous system of medicine. The root is regarded as an alternative tonic and useful in the diseases of nervous system. To confirm the veracity of aforementioned claim, we have evaluated the anticonvulsant effect of the extract. In this investigation, the mice were pretreated with different doses of Argyreia speciosa extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) for 10 days and then, they were subjected to either pentylenetetrazole (80 mg/kg) or maximal electroshock seizures (50 mA, 0.2 s) treatment. The hydroalcoholic extract of Argyreia speciosa at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly delayed the latency to the onset of first clonus as well as onset of death in unprotected mice and exhibited protection in 16.66% and 33.33% of pentylenetetrazole treated mice respectively. Whereas in case of maximal electroshock-seizures, the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the duration of hind limb extension and both the doses were statistically found to be equipotent. The reference standards, clonazepam (0.1 mg/kg) and phenytoin (20 mg/kg) provided complete protection. Thus, present study revealed anticonvulsant effect of Argyreia speciosa against pentylenetetrazole- and maximal electroshock-induced convulsions in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Vyawahare
- AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune-411 001, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shang X, He X, He X, Li M, Zhang R, Fan P, Zhang Q, Jia Z. The genus Scutellaria an ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:279-313. [PMID: 20064593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 01/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria (HUANG QIN) (Lamiaceae), which includes about 350 species commonly known as skullcaps, is widespread in Europe, the United States and East Asia. Some species are taken to clear away the heat-evil and expel superficial evils in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The present paper reviews the ethnopharmacology, the biological activities and the correlated chemical compounds of Scutellaria species. More than 295 compounds have been isolated, among them flavonoids and diterpenes. Studies show that Scutellaria and its active principles possess wide pharmacological actions, such as antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Currently, effective monomeric compounds or active parts have been screened for pharmacological activity from Scutellaria in vivo and in vitro. Increasing data supports application and exploitation for new drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li C, Zhou L, Lin G, Zuo Z. Contents of major bioactive flavones in proprietary traditional Chinese medicine products and reference herb of radix Scutellariae. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:298-306. [PMID: 19481403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient HPLC/UV method for the simultaneous determination of six bioactive flavones, namely baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, oroxylin A and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, has been developed and applied for their content determination in reference herb and proprietary traditional Chinese medicine (PTCM) products of radix Scutellariae. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Thermo C(18) column and linear gradient elution was employed with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.6). All the analytes were detected by PDA detector at a wavelength of 270 nm. Contents of the analytes in radix Scutellariae containing PTCM products in forms of capsule, soft capsule, tablet and dripping pill and the reference herb of radix Scutellariae were analyzed by sonicator extraction with methanol and water mixture (80:20) containing 1 mM HCl for 30 min followed by HPLC analysis. Separation of the six analytes was achieved within 25 min with good linearity (R(2)>0.99). The R.S.D. of both the intra-day and inter-day precision for all the six analytes was below 10.14%. The accuracy at different concentrations was within the range of -7.83 to 4.06%. The extraction recovery was within the range of 89.22-107.33% for all the analytes. Contents of the six flavones were found to vary significantly among different products with glycosides, such as baicalin, wogonoside and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, in much greater quantity than their corresponding aglycones. In addition to baicalin (18.54+/-0.71%, w/w), the commonly used marker compound for radix Scutellariae, wogonoside (3.54+/-0.18%, w/w) and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (2.84+/-0.14%, w/w) also existed in abundant amount in the reference herb. Our findings suggested that wogonoside and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide should also be served as the chemical markers together with baicalin for the quality control of herbs and PTCM products of radix Scutellariae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng WY, Wu SL, Hsiang CY, Li CC, Lai TY, Lo HY, Shen WS, Lee CH, Chen JC, Wu HC, Ho TY. Relationship Between San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang and its herbal components on the gene expression profiles in HepG2 cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:783-97. [PMID: 18711774 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08006235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years. Most Chinese herbal formulae consist of several herbal components and have been used to treat various diseases. However, the mechanisms of most formulae and the relationship between formulae and their components remain to be elucidated. Here we analyzed the putative mechanism of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT) and defined the relationship between SHXXT and its herbal components by microarray technique. HepG2 cells were treated with SHXXT or its components and the gene expression profiles were analyzed by DNA microarray. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that SHXXT and its components displayed a unique anti-proliferation pattern via p53 signaling, p53 activated, and DNA damage signaling pathways in HepG2 cells. Network analysis showed that most genes were regulated by one molecule, p53. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis showed that Rhizoma Coptis shared a similar gene expression profile with SHXXT. These findings may explain why Rhizoma Coptis is the principle herb that exerts the major effect in the herbal formula, SHXXT. Moreover, this is the first report to reveal the relationship between formulae and their herbal components in TCM by microarray and bioinformatics tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Cheng
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gaspi FOG, Foglio MA, Carvalho JE, Moreno RA. Pharmacological activities investigation of crude extracts and fractions from Qualea grandiflora Mart. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 107:19-24. [PMID: 16574359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates pharmacological activities of crude hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of Qualea grandiflora Mart. leaves employing different experimental models using mice. The treatment with crude hydroalcoholic extract (EH) in a dose of 500 mg/kg, i.p. caused: signs of central nervous system depressant action in the Hippocratic screening test, confirmed by the potentiation of sodium pentobarbital sleeping time. Increasing in the latency time of hot plate assay that indicate an analgesic effect; significantly delaying of the onset of clonic PTZ convulsions, increasing in the time for death, suppressing of the tonic PTZ convulsion, and decreasing of severity and number of convulsions. The median lethal dose of EH was 1.321 mg/kg. The convulsions induced by PTZ, ethyl ether fraction (300 mg/kg, i.p.) was more active in increasing the latency time for first convulsion, moreover, the hexane fraction, at the same dose, was more active in increasing the time for death and/or avoiding the death. Both did not cause disturbance in motor coordination at the dose of 500 mg/kg, assessed by rotarod test. These results suggest that the crude extract of leaves of Qualea grandiflora Mart. has a central nervous system depressant action, an analgesic effect and behave as a potential anticonvulsant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F O G Gaspi
- Faculdade de Farmácia do Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Suh KS, Nam YH, Ahn YM, Kim NJ, Park CY, Koh G, Oh S, Woo JT, Kim SW, Kim JW, Kim YS. Effect of Scutellariae Radix Extract on the High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1629-32. [PMID: 14600417 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell apoptosis has been postulated as the initial trigger of the progression of microvascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. To investigate the role of Scutellariae radix extract, we examined its effect on the endothelial cell proliferation using the [3H]-thymidine incorporation method. Scutellariae radix extract significantly stimulated endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. We focused on the protective action of Scutellariae radix extract on the endothelial cell apoptosis induced by high glucose concentrations. Determination of endothelial cell apoptosis was performed using DNA gel electrophoresis, terminal deoxynuclotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, and an ELISA kit. Exposure of vascular endothelial cell to high glucose (16.7 mM) for 72 h resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis, compared with the normal glucose concentrations (5.5 mM). Scutellariae radix extract inhibited high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. This result suggests that Scutellariae radix extract may contribute to antiapoptotic action against vascular endothelial cells, resulting in a beneficial effect in preventing diabetes-associated microvascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Hoigi-dong, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Frye CA, Rhodes ME, Walf AA, Harney JP. Testosterone reduces pentylenetetrazole-induced ictal activity of wildtype mice but not those deficient in type I 5alpha-reductase. Brain Res 2001; 918:182-6. [PMID: 11684057 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone's (T) anti-seizure effects may be mediated in part by actions of its 5alpha-reduced metabolites. To test this hypothesis, T was administered to knockout mice deficient in the 5alpha-reductase type I enzyme and wildtype controls and their ictal activity following pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 85 mg/kg i.p.) was compared to mice administered vehicle. T to wildtype mice increased latencies to forelimb clonus, tonic clonic seizures, hindlimb extension, and death compared to that seen with vehicle administration. Moreover, incidence of tonic clonic seizures and hindlimb extension were reduced in wildtype mice administered T compared to vehicle-administered mice. T administration to wildtype mice reduced ictal activity compared to T to knockout mice, which were not different than vehicle-administered control mice. T to wildtype mice increased the latencies and decreased the incidence of forelimb clonus compared to T to knockout mice, which were not different from vehicle-administered mice. These data are consistent with T having anti-convulsant effects and that 5alpha-reduced metabolites may mitigate some of T's anti-seizure effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Frye
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany-SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|