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Jünior SFP, Conserva LM, Filho JMB. Clerodane Diterpenes from Croton Species: Distribution and a Compilation of their 13C NMR Spectral Data. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is a review of the literature of clerodane diterpenes from Croton species. It contains a compilation of 13C NMR data of 83 of these diterpenoids and their biological activities. This review covers a period from 1969 to October 2005 and 224 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia M. Conserva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió–AL, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-970, João Pessoa–PB, Brazil
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Setzer WN. Chemical Compositions of the Bark Essential Oils of Croton Monteverdensis and Croton Niveus from Monteverde, Costa Rica. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils of the barks of Croton monteverdensis Huft and C. niveus Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae) from Monteverde, Costa Rica, were isolated by hydrodistillation in yields of 0.03% and 0.10%, respectively. The chemical composition of the oils was determined by GC–MS. The most abundant essential oil components of C. monteverdensis were α-pinene (17.1%), β-pinene (10.5%), and linalool (8.3%), while C. niveus bark oil was made up largely of α-pinene (14.4%), 1,8-cineole (11.6%), and borneol (8.5%). The major components account for the fragrances and are consistent with the traditional medicinal uses of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Phytochemical analysis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of compounds from an aqueous extract of Croton cajucara Benth. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:821-830. [PMID: 28826140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Croton cajucara Benth. is a medicinal plant popularly used in the Brazilian Amazonia, where it is known as sacaca, being consumed as tea, decoction or infusion of the leaves and stem bark. From a decoction of the leaves, a comprehensive phytochemical analysis was developed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Many compounds were identified for the first time in C. cajucara, such as O-glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin, flavonoid-C-glycosides, tannins and cinnamic acid derivatives. These compounds were fractionated by polarity and assayed for their anti-inflammatory activity, using a model of mice edema, induced by an intraplantar injection of carrageenan. All fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory properties.
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Cruz RCD, Silva SLCE, Souza IA, Gualberto SA, Carvalho KS, Santos FR, Carvalho MG. Toxicological Evaluation of Essential Oil From the Leaves of Croton argyrophyllus (Euphorbiaceae) on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Mus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:985-993. [PMID: 28132021 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived essential oils can be used as insecticides for vector control. However, to establish their safety, it is necessary to perform toxicological studies. Herein, we evaluated the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Croton argyrophyllus on the third- and fourth-instar larvae and adult Aedes aegypti (L., 1762). We also evaluated the acute toxicity of the essential oil in adult female Mus musculus. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) and 90 (LC90) of C. argyrophyllus essential oil on larvae of Ae. aegypti were 0.31 and 0.70 mg ml-1, respectively, and 5.92 and 8.94 mg ml-1, respectively, on Ae. aegypti adults. The major components of the essential oil were spathulenol (22.80%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.41%), α-pinene (14.07%), and bicyclogermacrene (10.43%). It also displayed acute toxicity in adults of Mus musculus; the intraperitoneal and oral lethal dose 50 (LD50) were 2,000 mg kg-1 and 2,500 mg kg-1, respectively. The results showed that the essential oil from C. argyrophyllus leaves has insecticidal activity on Ae. aegypti larvae and adults at an average lethal concentration below the median lethal dose needed to cause acute toxicity in the common mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C D Cruz
- Mestre em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB)
| | - S L C E Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Aplicada/Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - Praça Primavera, 40, 45700-000, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga - BA, Brasil
| | - I A Souza
- Departamento de Antibióticos - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-521, Recife - PE, Brasil
| | - S A Gualberto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Aplicada/Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - Praça Primavera, 40, 45700-000, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga - BA, Brasil
| | - K S Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Aplicada/Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - Praça Primavera, 40, 45700-000, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga - BA, Brasil
| | - F R Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Cep: 21941-902, Brasil
| | - M G Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Cep: 21941-902, Brasil
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Luz LEC, Kanunfre CC, Paludo KS, da Silva Justo A, Petry VK, Lemes BM, Barison A, Nepel A, Wang M, Avula B, Khan IA, Beltrame FL. Cytotoxic biomonitored study of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:29-37. [PMID: 26906968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia umbellata latex (sap) has normally been used in folk medicine in southern Brazil to treat different types of cancers. AIM OF STUDY To carry out a biomonitored investigation of partitioned latex using in vitro assay, to identify the main mechanisms related with the action of the most active fraction as well as to develop a phytochemical study with this material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological screening was performed with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions from the latex of E. umbellata using MTT, trypan blue, and neutral red assays to determine the cytotoxicity against HRT-18, HeLa and Jurkat cells and flow cytometry, DNA quantification, acridine orange and Hoechst 33342 staining to investigate mechanisms of action for the hexane extract. The phytochemical study of the hexane fraction was performed by chromatographic procedures and the substances were identified by NMR analysis. The isolated terpenes were evaluated using MTT to determine the cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells. RESULTS All the fractions presented concentration and time dependent cytotoxicity. The hexane fraction showed the highest cytotoxicity; whereas the Jurkat cell was the lineage with the highest sensitivity (IC50 1.87µg/mL). Fragmentation of DNA and apoptosis are two mechanisms related with the toxicity of hexane fraction. The hexane fraction arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and the selectivity index was 4.30. Phytochemical study of the hexane fraction led to isolation of euphol (main compound) and germanicol acetate. Both substances demonstrated some slight cytotoxic activity against Jurkat cells after 72h; however the activity was minimal compared to vincristine (anticancer standard drug). CONCLUSION The current research proves that the fractions of the latex from E. umbellata have a cytotoxic effect against three different cancer cells lines. The hexane fraction showed high in vitro cytotoxic effects against Jurkat cells demonstrating that the effect may be due to non-polar constituents. The two isolated terpenes (euphol and germanicol acetate) showed poor cytotoxic activity indicating that the anticancer properties of the extract may be caused by other substances present in the hexane fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Eidam Camargo Luz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Katia Sabrina Paludo
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline da Silva Justo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Victor Kubaski Petry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Mikulis Lemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Andersson Barison
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelita Nepel
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mei Wang
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas Ahmad Khan
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Santos GKN, Dutra KA, Lira CS, Lima BN, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Maranhão CA, Brandão SSF, Navarro DMAF. Effects of Croton rhamnifolioides essential oil on Aedes aegypti oviposition, larval toxicity and trypsin activity. Molecules 2014; 19:16573-87. [PMID: 25317582 PMCID: PMC6271117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous reports are available concerning the larvicidal potential of essential oils, very few investigations have focused on their mechanisms of action. In the present study, we have investigated the chemical composition of the leaf oil of Croton rhamnifolioides during storage and its effects on oviposition and survival of larvae of the dengue fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. In addition, we have established a possible mechanism of action for the larvicidal activity of the essential oil. GC-MS analyses revealed marked differences in the composition of oil that had been freshly isolated and that of a sample that had been stored in a sealed amber-glass vial under refrigeration for three years. However, both fresh and stored oil exhibited substantial larvicidal activities with LC50 values of 122.35 and 89.03 ppm, respectively, and oviposition deterrent effects against gravid females at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg·mL-1. These results demonstrate that the larvicidal effect of the essential oil was unchanged during three years of storage even though its chemical composition altered. Hence, the essential oil could be used in the preparation of commercial products. In addition, we observed that the trypsin-like activity of mosquito larvae was inhibited in vitro by the essential oil of C. rhamnifolioides, suggesting that the larvicidal effect may be associated with inhibition of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geanne K N Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kamilla A Dutra
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camila S Lira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bheatriz N Lima
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Napoleão
- Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M G Paiva
- Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Claudia A Maranhão
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Tecnológicos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, 50740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sofia S F Brandão
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Tecnológicos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, 50740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daniela M A F Navarro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Kim DK, Lillehoj HS, Lee SH, Jang SI, Park MS, Min W, Lillehoj EP, Bravo D. Immune effects of dietary anethole on Eimeria acervulina infection. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2625-34. [PMID: 24046409 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of anethole on in vitro and in vivo parameters of chicken immunity during experimental avian coccidiosis were evaluated. Anethole reduced the viability of invasive Eimeria acervulina sporozoites after 2 or 4 h of treatment in vitro by 45 and 42%, respectively, and stimulated 6.0-fold greater chicken spleen cell proliferation compared with controls. Broiler chickens continuously fed from hatch with an anethole-supplemented diet and orally challenged with live E. acervulina oocysts showed enhanced BW gain, decreased fecal oocyst excretion, and greater E. acervulina profilin antibody responses compared with infected chickens given an unsupplemented standard diet. The levels of transcripts encoding the immune mediators IL6, IL8, IL10, and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) in intestinal lymphocytes were increased in E. acervulina-infected chickens fed the anethole-containing diet compared with untreated controls. Global gene expression analysis by microarray hybridization identified 1,810 transcripts (677 upregulated, 1,133 downregulated) whose levels were significantly altered in intestinal lymphocytes of anethole-fed birds compared with unsupplemented controls. From this transcriptome, 576 corresponding genes were identified. The most significant biological function associated with these genes was "Inflammatory Response" in the "Disease and Disorders" category. This new information documents the immunologic and genomic changes that occur in chickens following anethole dietary supplementation that may be relevant to host protective immune response to avian coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk Kyung Kim
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
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de Siqueira RJ, Rodrigues KMS, da Silva MTB, Correia Junior CAB, Duarte GP, Magalhães PJC, dos Santos AA, Maia JGS, da Cunha PJS, Lahlou S. Linalool-rich rosewood oil induces vago-vagal bradycardic and depressor reflex in rats. Phytother Res 2013; 28:42-8. [PMID: 23447129 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular effects of the linalool-rich essential oil of Aniba rosaeodora (here named as EOAR) in normotensive rats were investigated. In anesthetized rats, intravenous (i.v.) injection of EOAR induced dose-dependent biphasic hypotension and bradycardia. Emphasis was given to the first phase (phase 1) of the cardiovascular effects, which is rapid (onset time of 1-3 s) and not observed in animals submitted to bilateral vagotomy or selective blockade of neural conduction of vagal C-fibre afferents by perineural treatment with capsaicin. Phase 1 was also absent when EOAR was directly injected into the left ventricle injection, but it was unaltered by i.v. pretreatment with capsazepine, ondansetron or HC030031. In conscious rats, EOAR induced rapid and monophasic hypotensive and bradycardiac (phase 1) effects that were abolished by i.v. methylatropine. In endothelium-intact aortic rings, EOAR fully relaxed phenylephrine-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. The present findings reveal that phase 1 of the bradycardiac and depressor responses induced by EOAR has a vago-vagal reflex origin resulting from the vagal pulmonary afferents stimulation. Such phenomenon appears not to involve the recruitment of C-fibre afferents expressing 5HT3 receptors or the two chemosensory ion channels TRPV1 and TRPA1 . Phase 2 hypotensive response appears resulting from a direct vasodilatory action.
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Shama IYA, Ebtihal A. Investigations on the Effects of Various Oral Doses of Croton zambesicus Seeds' in Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2013.19.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rodrigues G, Marcolin E, Bona S, Porawski M, Lehmann M, Marroni NP. Hepatics alterations and genotoxic effects of Croton cajucara Benth (SACACA) in diabetic rats. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2011; 47:301-5. [PMID: 21140094 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032010000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Croton cajucara Benth is a plant found in Amazonia, Brazil and the bark and leaf infusions of this plant have been popularly used to treat diabetes and hepatic disorders. OBJECTIVES This study investigated effects hepatics alterations and genotoxic and antidiabetic effect of Croton cajucara Benth bark extracts treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control rats; control rats treated with Croton cajucara Benth extract during 5 and 20 days; diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with Croton cajucara Benth during 5 and 20 days. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Eight weeks later we measured glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and hepatic transaminases on blood. The bone marrow micronucleus assay was used to assess the genotoxic activity of Croton cajucara Benth. RESULTS Treatment with aqueous extrat of Croton cajucara was able to significantly reduce levels of triglycerides in diabetic animals, however, did not modify significantly the levels of glucose and cholesterol in these animals. There was no significant elevation in liver transaminases in the control group treated with Croton cajucara Benth, as there was no genotoxic effect of treatment in this model. Our results did not show a significant effect on glucose and cholesterol reduction, the treatment was able to significantly reduce triclycerides plasmatic level. There was no significant alterations on hepatic transferase in the animals from the control group treated with Croton cajucara Benth. It was observed no genotoxic effect of the treatment in the model studied. CONCLUSION In this study Croton cajucara bark extract showed absence of hepatotoxicity in this animal model and presented a hypolipidemic activity, and could be used to reverse dyslipidemia associated with diabetes and to prevent the cardiovascular complications that are very prevalent in diabetic patients.
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Naik DG, Dandge CN, Rupanar SV. Chemical Examination and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil fromGymnema sylvestreR. Br. Leaves. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Russo A, Garbarino J. Solidago chilensis Meyen et Kageneckia oblonga Ruiz & Pav.: petite revue de leur profil antioxydant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-008-0345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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De Paula ACB, Gracioso JS, Toma W, Hiruma-Lima CA, Carneiro EM, Brito ARMS. The antiulcer effect of Croton cajucara Benth in normoproteic and malnourished rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:815-825. [PMID: 18434121 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the antiulcerogenic effects of the essential oil (EO) of Croton cajucara Benth in rats fed with a normal protein (NP) and low-protein diet (MN). NP and MN rats were treated with the essential oil for 15 days after chronic ulceration was induced. The EO accelerated healing of acetic acid-induced gastric lesions in NP and MN rats (p<0.05). In a similar experiment on chronic ulceration, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) mRNA expression increased in NP rats but not in MN rats. In assays of acute antiulcerogenic activity, C. cajucara increased somatostatin plasma levels and decreased gastrin plasma levels in both animal groups. The EO significantly prevented ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in NP and MN rats (p<0.001). Histological examination showed initial regeneration, formation of inflammatory infiltrate and angiogenesis in the epithelium surface of acetic acid-induced ulcers in NP and MN rats. C. cajucara prevented gastric lesions in both animal groups when ethanol methodology was used. We concluded that the EO showed an antiulcerogenic activity mediated by increased somatostatin secretion and EGF mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia B De Paula
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Monteiro MVB, de Melo Leite AKR, Bertini LM, de Morais SM, Nunes-Pinheiro DCS. Topical anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:378-82. [PMID: 17254726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lippia sidoides in Northeastern Brazil is widely used in the social medicine program named "Live Pharmacies" run by the municipal governments of country towns, to help poor people with phytotherapy, performed with local plants that are inexpensive but very effective. This plant is mainly used as a general antiseptic due to its strong action against many microorganisms. In order to evaluate the action spectrum of this plant, pharmacological studies were performed on acute toxicity, topical inflammation and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice, using the leaf essential oil (EO) of Lippia sidoides. The topical application of EO at doses of 1 and 10mg/ear, respectively, significantly reduced (P<0.05) in 45.93 and 35.26% the acute ear edema induced by 12-otetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The gastroprotective effect was demonstrated by oral pretreatment with EO at doses of 10, 50 and 100mg/kg, which, respectively, significantly inhibited (P<0.05) by 58.33, 45.83 and 41.66% the damage produced by ethanol, but altered neither the weight nor the protein gastric mucus induced by ethanol administration. This study confirmed the great potential of this plant for medicinal proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vivina Barros Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Av. Paranjana, 1700, CEP 60740-000, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Paula ACB, Toma W, Gracioso JS, Hiruma-Lima CA, Carneiro EM, Souza Brito ARM. The gastroprotective effect of the essential oil of Croton cajucara is different in normal rats than in malnourished rats. Br J Nutr 2007; 96:310-5. [PMID: 16923225 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20061827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown previously that malnourished rats are resistant to acute gastric lesions but not to subchronic gastric ulceration. It also has been demonstrated that the essential oil obtained from the bark of Croton cajucara (Sacaca) has antiulcer properties. In the present study, the ability of this essential oil to prevent the formation of gastric ulcers in rats fed a diet with 17% protein (normoproteic rats) or 6% protein (malnourished rats) was investigated. At a dose of 100mg/kg body weight, orally, the essential oil significantly reduced the gastric injury caused by indomethacin (25% after 2h and 70% after 4h) only in normoproteic rats. In the pylorus ligature model, the essential oil increased the pH and gastric volume, but decreased the total acid concentration in both groups when compared to the respective control group. The essential oil significantly increased prostaglandin E2 production in glandular cells by 50% compared to the controls in both groups of rats. In addition, the amount of gastric mucus was two-fold higher in malnourished rats than in normoproteic rats. The present results show that the enhanced protective effect of essential oil in malnourished rats involved an increase in prostaglandin E2 production and mucus secretion, which are both factors that protect the gastric mucosa against damage. In agreement with this, malnourished rats always had a lower number of acute gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C B Paula
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Estadual de Campias (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil
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Tieppo M, Porawski M, Salvador M, Moreira AJ, Collado PS, González-Gallego J, Marroni NP. Croton cajucara BENTH. Leaf Extract Scavenges the Stable Free Radical DPPH and Protects Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:161-5. [PMID: 16394531 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant effects of extracts from Croton cajucara BENTH. leaves was investigated in different in vitro and in vivo models. Extracts showed inhibitory radical scavenging activity against the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (75%, 43% and 25% of the standard trolox at 1, 10 and 100 mg/ml, respectively; IC50 218 mg/ml). Percentage survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells treated with 10 mM paraquat increased by 21% and 55%, when 1 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml concentrations of the extract, respectively, were added. The cytosolic concentration of TBARS increased in animals treated with paraquat (+283%), while values did not significantly differ from the controls in rats additionally receiving the leaf extract. Paraquat administration also induced a significant increase in hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminiscence (+76%), that was partially prevented by the leaf extract (+31%). Liver SOD activity was a 158% higher in animals receiving paraquat as compared to the controls. This effect was abolished by administration of the leaf extract. Paraquat administration did not significantly modify the activity of GPx or catalase. Croton cajucara extract increased GPx and catalase activities in paraquat treated-animals by 342% and 70%, respectively. Our results confirm that Croton cajucara leaf extract present radical scavenging activity and reduce oxidative stress induced by paraquat, suggesting the beneficial use as a potential source of antioxidant agents of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Tieppo
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sannomiya M, Fonseca VB, da Silva MA, Rocha LRM, Dos Santos LC, Hiruma-Lima CA, Souza Brito ARM, Vilegas W. Flavonoids and antiulcerogenic activity from Byrsonima crassa leaves extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:1-6. [PMID: 15652267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2003] [Revised: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 09/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu (IK) (Malpighiaceae) is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diseases related mainly to gastric ulcers. In this study, we evaluated the potential antiulcerogenic effect of three different extracts obtained from the leaves of Byrsonima crassa namely hydromethanolic (80% MeOH), methanolic (MeOH) and chloroformic extracts (CHCl(3)). The oral administration (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) of all the extracts reduced the formation of lesions associated with HCl/ethanol administration in mice. The 80% MeOH extract significantly reduced the incidence of gastric lesions by 74, 78 and 92% at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively (P<0.01). The MeOH extract reduced the ulceration by 93 and 99% only at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg (P<0.01). The lower gastroprotective action (69%) was observed when animals were treated with CHCl(3) extract at the dose of 1000 mg/kg (P<0.01). Phytochemical investigation of Byrsonima crassa afforded five known substances: quercetin-3-O-beta-d-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside, the biflavonoid amentoflavone, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. The presence of these phenolic compounds may probably explain the antiulcerogenic effect of the extracts of Byrsonima crassa leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sannomiya
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Rua Francisco Degni s/n, Bairro Quitandinha, c.p. 355, CEP 14800-900, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Dourado RC, Silveira ER. Preliminary Investigation on the Volatile Constituents ofCroton sonderianusMuell. Arg.: Habitat, Plant Part and Harvest Time Variation. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2005.9698823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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do Socorro S Rosa MDSS, Mendonça-Filho RR, Bizzo HR, de Almeida Rodrigues I, Soares RMA, Souto-Padrón T, Alviano CS, Lopes AHCS. Antileishmanial activity of a linalool-rich essential oil from Croton cajucara. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:1895-901. [PMID: 12760864 PMCID: PMC155815 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.6.1895-1901.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro leishmanicidal effects of a linalool-rich essential oil from the leaves of Croton cajucara against Leishmania amazonensis were investigated. Morphological changes in L. amazonensis promastigotes treated with 15 ng of essential oil per ml were observed by transmission electron microscopy; leishmanial nuclear and kinetoplast chromatin destruction, followed by cell lysis, was observed within 1 h. Pretreatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with 15 ng of essential oil per ml reduced by 50% the interaction between these macrophages and L. amazonensis, with a concomitant increase by 220% in the level of nitric oxide production by the infected macrophages. Treatment of preinfected macrophages with 15 ng of essential oil per ml reduced by 50% the interaction between these cells and the parasites, which led to a 60% increase in the amount of nitric oxide produced by the preinfected macrophages. These results provide new perspectives on the development of drugs with activities against Leishmania, as linalool-rich essential oil is a strikingly potent leishmanicidal plant extract (50% lethal doses, 8.3 ng/ml for promastigotes and 8.7 ng/ml for amastigotes) which inhibited the growth of L. amazonensis promastigotes at very low concentrations (MIC, 85.0 pg/ml) and which presented no cytotoxic effects against mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Socorro S do Socorro S Rosa
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, R.J., 219491-590, Brazil
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Durán N, Justo GZ, Melo PS, De Azevedo MBM, Brito ARMS, Almeida ABA, Haun M. Evaluation of the antiulcerogenic activity of violacein and its modulation by the inclusion complexation with beta-cyclodextrin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 81:387-96. [PMID: 12769230 DOI: 10.1139/y03-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) inclusion complexation on the ability of violacein to prevent gastric ulceration in mice were studied. Violacein-betaCD inclusion complexes were prepared in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios and analysed by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry. Violacein previously administered orally at 10 mg/kg significantly reduced indomethacin-induced gastric lesions, as well as 100 mg/kg of cimetidine (positive control). However, betaCD complexation in both molar ratios significantly potentiated the protective action of violacein. In the HCl--ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, violacein and the 1:2 inclusion complex (10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited gastric damage by almost 85%, whereas a 63% reduction was observed for the positive control, lansoprazole, at 30 mg/kg. In contrast, treatment with the 1:1 inclusion complex resulted in almost total disappearance of the antiulcer activity in this model. No significant changes in stress-induced gastric injury were found. In addition, the 1:2 inclusion complex improved the antilipoperoxidant activity of violacein in rat liver cells exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide, whereas the 1:1 complex was less active than violacein. In summary, the 1:2 betaCD inclusion complex has gastroprotective properties similar to or higher than that of violacein. An increase in mucosal defensive mechanisms and protection against peroxidative damage might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Durán
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6184, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Wang X, Lan M, Wu HP, Shi YQ, Lu J, Ding J, Wu KC, Jin JP, Fan DM. Direct effect of croton oil on intestinal epithelial cells and colonic smooth muscle cells. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:103-7. [PMID: 11833082 PMCID: PMC4656597 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2001] [Revised: 10/15/2001] [Accepted: 10/23/2001] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the direct effect of croton oil (CO) on human intestinal epithelial cell (HIEC) and guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells in vitro. METHODS Growth curves of HIEC were drawn by MTT colorimetry. The dynamics of cell proliferation was analyzed with flow cytometry, and morphological changes were observed under light and electron microscopy after long-term (6 weeks) treatment with CO. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA was detected by dot blot in HIEC treated with CO. Genes related to CO were screened by DD-PCR, and the direct effect of CO on the contractility of isolated guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells was observed. RESULTS High concentration (20-40 mg x L(-1)) CO inhibited cell growth significantly (1, 3, 5, 7d OD sequence: (20 mg x L(-1)) 0.040+/-0.003, 0.081+/-0.012, 0.147+/-0.022,0.024+/-0.016; (40 mg x L(-1)) 0.033+/-0.044, 0.056+/-0.012, 0.104+/-0.010, 0.189+/-0.006; OD control 0.031+/-0.008, 0.096+/-0.012, 0.173+/-0.009, 0.300+/-0.016, P<0.01), which appeared to be related directly to the dosage. Compared with the control, the fraction number of cells in G1 phase decreased from 0.60 to 0.58, while that in S phase increased from 0.30 to 0.34 and DNA index also increased after 6 weeks of treatment with CO (the dosage was increased gradually from 4 to 40 mg x L(-1)). Light microscopic observation revealed that cells had karyomegaly, less plasma and karyoplasm lopsidedness. Electron microscopy also showed an increase in cell proliferation and in the quantity of abnormal nuclei with pathologic mitosis. Expression of COX-2 mRNA decreased significantly in HIEC treated with CO. Thirteen differential cDNA fragments were cloned from HIEC treated with CO, one of which was 100 percent homologous with human mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit II. The length of isolated guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells was significantly shortened after treatment with CO (P<0.05). CONCLUSION At a high CO concentration (>20 mg x L(-1)), cell growth and proliferation are inhibited in a dosage-dependent manner. Increase in cell proliferation and in malignant conversion of the cellular phenotype is observed in cells cultured chronically with CO. COX-2 mRNA expression decreases significantly, while human mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit IImRNA expression increases significantly in HIEC treated with CO. CO also has a direct effect on the contractility of Guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710033, Shaanxi Province,China
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