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Xing J, Adnan A, Rakha A, Kasim K, Noor A, Xuan J, Zhang X, Yao J, McNevin D, Wang B. Genetic analysis of 12 X-STRs for forensic purposes in Liaoning Manchu population from China. Gene 2018; 683:153-158. [PMID: 30326331 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) have been widely used in forensic practice involving complicated cases of kinship and also play an increasingly important role in population genetics. X-STRs have been studied in regional populations of China but there is a lack of data for the Manchu population. In this study, we have investigated the forensic genetic properties of 12 X-STRs in the Investigator Argus X-12 Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) in 772 Manchu (male = 514, female = 258) individuals from the Xiuyan and Huanren Manchu autonomous counties of Liaoning province. We observed a total of 166 alleles at 12 X-STR loci with allele frequencies ranging from 0.001295to 0.615285. The most polymorphic locus was DXS10135 with 24 alleles while DXS7423 was the least polymorphic locus with 5 alleles. We found significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the following pairs of markers for males: DXS10103/DXS10101, DXS10135/DXS10146, DXS10101/DXS10148, DXS10135/DXS10148, DXS7423/DXS10148 and DXS10079/DXS10148. For females, LD was only observed for DXS10103/DXS10101. The combined power of discrimination was 0.9999999979699 for males and 0.999999999999998 for females. The numbers of observed haplotypes in Manchu males were 310, 172, 182 and 172 in four linkage groups; LG1, LG2, LG3 and LG4, respectively, however, these linkage groups did not form stable haplotypes as indicated by linkage equilibrium (LE) of STRs within the groups and significant LD between the groups. This study represents an extensive report on X-STR marker variation in the Manchu population for forensic applications and population genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xing
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Atif Adnan
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Allah Rakha
- Department of Forensic Science, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kadirya Kasim
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Anam Noor
- Department of Forensic Science, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jinfeng Xuan
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xicen Zhang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Dennis McNevin
- Centre for Forensic Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Baojie Wang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Diegoli TM, Rohde H, Borowski S, Krawczak M, Coble MD, Nothnagel M. Genetic mapping of 15 human X chromosomal forensic short tandem repeat (STR) loci by means of multi-core parallelization. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 25:39-44. [PMID: 27497644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Typing of X chromosomal short tandem repeat (X STR) markers has become a standard element of human forensic genetic analysis. Joint consideration of many X STR markers at a time increases their discriminatory power but, owing to physical linkage, requires inter-marker recombination rates to be accurately known. We estimated the recombination rates between 15 well established X STR markers using genotype data from 158 families (1041 individuals) and following a previously proposed likelihood-based approach that allows for single-step mutations. To meet the computational requirements of this family-based type of analysis, we modified a previous implementation so as to allow multi-core parallelization on a high-performance computing system. While we obtained recombination rate estimates larger than zero for all but one pair of adjacent markers within the four previously proposed linkage groups, none of the three X STR pairs defining the junctions of these groups yielded a recombination rate estimate of 0.50. Corroborating previous studies, our results therefore argue against a simple model of independent X chromosomal linkage groups. Moreover, the refined recombination fraction estimates obtained in our study will facilitate the appropriate joint consideration of all 15 investigated markers in forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Marie Diegoli
- Office of the Chief Scientist, Defense Forensic Science Center, Ft. Gillem, GA, USA; Analytical Services, Inc., Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Heinrich Rohde
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Borowski
- Regional Computing Centre, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael D Coble
- Applied Genetics Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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3
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Forensic typing of short tandem repeat markers on the X and Y chromosomes. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 18:140-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Mutation rates of 15 X chromosomal short tandem repeat markers. Int J Legal Med 2014; 128:579-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sun K, Zhao S, Tian H, Zhang S, Li C. Development of the 16 X-STR loci typing system and genetic analysis in a Shanghai Han population from China. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3008-15. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shumin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine; Institute of Forensic Sciences; P. R. China
| | | | - Suhua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine; Institute of Forensic Sciences; P. R. China
| | - Chengtao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine; Institute of Forensic Sciences; P. R. China
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Capillary electrophoresis of an X-chromosome STR decaplex for kinship deficiency cases. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 830:57-71. [PMID: 22139653 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-461-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During the two last decades, STR markers located on the autosomes have been gaining relevance and have nearly replaced the use of other type of markers in most cases of genetic identification, paternity testing, as well as in other situations of kinship analysis. Nevertheless, in some complex cases, independently of the number of polymorphisms being typed, autosomal markers convey very little information. Depending on the parentage constellation available for analysis, as well as the gender of the subjects, this problem can sometimes be solved by using markers that have different modes of transmission. Therefore, most forensic laboratories are nowadays prepared to analyse lineage markers (Y chromosome and mtDNA) and many have recently set up methods for the analysis of X-STRs. In the present chapter, a method is described for the typing of ten X chromosome-specific markers in a single PCR amplification reaction, followed by capillary electrophoresis separation and fluorescent detection in an ABI Genetic Analyser apparatus. This typing strategy was developed and optimized for the simultaneous amplification of ten X-linked specific STRs well distributed along the chromosome: DXS8378, DXS9902, DXS7132, DXS9898, DXS6809, DXS6789, DXS7133, GATA172D05, GATA31E08 and DXS7423.
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Castañeda M, Mijares V, Riancho JA, Zarrabeitia MT. Haplotypic blocks of X-linked STRs for forensic cases: study of recombination and mutation rates. J Forensic Sci 2011; 57:192-5. [PMID: 21923782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In complex kinship cases, markers situated in haplotypic blocks may provide additional clues to other unlinked markers. We have established a protocol to amplify six X-chromosome microsatellites, located in two haplotype blocks, using PCR with fluorochrome-labeled primers and capillary electrophoresis. The segregation stability was explored in 92 unrelated families with individuals from three generations. Sixty-one different haplotypes were found in the DXS10079-DXS10074-DXS10075 block in the grandfathers and 96 in the mothers, with estimated haplotype diversities of 0.9828 and 0.9842, respectively. Fifty and 73 different haplotypes were found in the DXS6801-DXS6809-DXS6789 block in the grandfathers and the mothers, with estimated haplotype diversities of 0.9711 and 0.9742, respectively. We observed 10 between-cluster and one within-cluster recombinations in 99 female meioses. The overall per-locus mutation rate was 0.0034. This protocol allows for the characterization of the alleles of two sets of linked markers of the X-chromosome that can be useful in complex forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castañeda
- Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Cantabria-IFIMAV, Santander, Spain
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Diegoli TM, Kovacevic L, Pojskic N, Coble MD, Marjanovic D. Population study of fourteen X chromosomal short tandem repeat loci in a population from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2011; 5:350-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Diegoli TM, Coble MD. Development and characterization of two mini-X chromosomal short tandem repeat multiplexes. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2010; 5:415-21. [PMID: 20943451 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the development and characterization of two X chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) multiplexes utilizing reduced-size amplicons (less than 200 base pairs) for identity and kinship testing with degraded DNA. Approximately 1360 samples across 4 U.S. population groups were typed for 15 X chromosomal STR markers: DXS6789, DXS7130, DXS9902, GATA31E08, DXS7424, GATA165B12, DXS101, DXS6795, GATA172D05, DXS10147, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS6803, HPRTB, and DXS7423. A high degree of polymorphism was observed for each marker and both multiplexes were sensitive down to 200pg of pristine DNA. The two proposed multiplexes are suitable for forensic use, and show potential for improved analysis of compromised bone samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M Diegoli
- Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Research Section, 1413 Research Blvd., Suite 101, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Luo HB, Ye Y, Wang YY, Liang WB, Yun LB, Liao M, Yan J, Wu J, Li YB, Hou YP. Characteristics of eight X-STR loci for forensic purposes in the Chinese population. Int J Legal Med 2009; 125:127-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-009-0386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen DP, Tseng CP, Tsai SH, Wang MC, Lu SC, Wu TL, Chang PY, Sun CF. Use of X-linked short tandem repeats loci to confirm mutations in parentage caseworks. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 408:29-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Gomes I, Pereira R, Mayr WR, Amorim A, Carracedo A, Gusmão L. Evaluation of DXS9902, DXS7132, DXS6809, DXS7133, and DXS7423 in humans and chimpanzees: sequence variation, repeat structure, and nomenclature. Int J Legal Med 2009; 123:403-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-009-0357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Zeng X, Rakha A, Li S. Genetic polymorphisms of 10 X-chromosome STR loci in Chinese Daur ethnic minority group. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11:152-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Zarrabeitia MT, Pinheiro F, de Pancorbo MM, Cainé L, Cardoso S, Gusmão L, Riancho JA. Analysis of 10 X-linked tetranucleotide markers in mixed and isolated populations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2009; 3:63-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2008] [Revised: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Nomenclature discrepancies in the HPRTB short tandem repeat. Int J Legal Med 2009; 123:185-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Hwa HL, Chang YY, Lee JCI, Yin HY, Chen YH, Tseng LH, Su YN, Ko TM. Thirteen X-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci multiplex data from Taiwanese. Int J Legal Med 2009; 123:263-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Gusmão L, Sánchez-Diz P, Alves C, Gomes I, Zarrabeitia MT, Abovich M, Atmetlla I, Bobillo C, Bravo L, Builes J, Cainé L, Calvo R, Carvalho E, Carvalho M, Cicarelli R, Catelli L, Corach D, Espinoza M, García O, Malaghini M, Martins J, Pinheiro F, João Porto M, Raimondi E, Riancho JA, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez Cardozo B, Schneider V, Silva S, Tavares C, Toscanini U, Vullo C, Whittle M, Yurrebaso I, Carracedo A, Amorim A. A GEP-ISFG collaborative study on the optimization of an X-STR decaplex: data on 15 Iberian and Latin American populations. Int J Legal Med 2008; 123:227-34. [PMID: 19082839 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In a collaborative work carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese ISFG Working Group (GEP-ISFG), a polymerase chain reaction multiplex was optimized in order to type ten X-chromosome short tandem repeats (STRs) in a single reaction, including: DXS8378, DXS9902, DXS7132, DXS9898, DXS6809, DXS6789, DXS7133, GATA172D05, GATA31E08, and DXS7423. Using this X-decaplex, each 17 of the participating laboratories typed a population sample of approximately 200 unrelated individuals (100 males and 100 females). In this work, we report the allele frequencies for the ten X-STRs in 15 samples from Argentina (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Río Negro, Entre Ríos, and Misiones), Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, and Mato Grosso do Sul), Colombia (Antioquia), Costa Rica, Portugal (Northern and Central regions), and Spain (Galicia and Cantabria). Gene diversities were calculated for the ten markers in each population and all values were above 56%. The average diversity per locus varied between 66%, for DXS7133, and 82%, for DXS6809. For this set of STRs, a high discrimination power was obtained in all populations, both in males (> or =1 in 5 x 10(5)) and females (> or =1 in 3 x 10(9)), as well as high mean exclusion chance in father/daughter duos (> or =99.953%) and in father/mother/daughter trios (> or =99.999%). Genetic distance analysis showed no significant differences between northern and central Portugal or between the two Spanish samples from Galicia and Cantabria. Inside Brazil, significant differences were found between Rio de Janeiro and the other three populations, as well as between São Paulo and Paraná. For the five Argentinean samples, significant distances were only observed when comparing Misiones with Entre Ríos and with Río Negro, the only two samples that do not differ significantly from Costa Rica. Antioquia differed from all other samples, except the one from Río Negro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Gusmão
- IPATIMUP Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Tillmar AO, Mostad P, Egeland T, Lindblom B, Holmlund G, Montelius K. Analysis of linkage and linkage disequilibrium for eight X-STR markers. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2008; 3:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Valle Y, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Rodarte K, Quintero-Ramos A, Ortiz R, Hernández-Zaragoza G, Rivas F. Five X-chromosome short tandem repeats in a Western Mexican population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1388-90. [PMID: 18844492 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked microsatellites represent an efficient complement of autosomal and Y-chromosomal markers in forensic and kinship analysis. METHODS DXS337 (n=208), DXS101 (n=208), HPRTB (n=206), DXS8377 (n=220), and DXS7423 (n=213) were genotyped in male and female samples from a Western Mexican Mestizo population using singleplex systems and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Genotype distributions did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and pairwise allele combination analysis was consistent with independent segregation for every marker (p>0.05). Allele frequencies were not different by gender. Differences in allele distribution with respect to Caucasian population data (DXS101, HPRTB, DXS8377, DXS7423) seem attributable to the native Mexican component. For the set of five markers, the combined power of discrimination and the probability of exclusion in paternity tests in trios were greater than 0.999. CONCLUSIONS The present data reveal that the panel of five X-short tandem repeats analyzed is highly informative in forensic identity and parentage studies in Western Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeminia Valle
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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The STR cluster DXS10148–DXS8378–DXS10135 provides a powerful tool for X-chromosomal haplotyping at Xp22. Int J Legal Med 2008; 122:489-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Polymorphism of four X-chromosomal STR loci in Belarusians and Slovaks. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu QL, Lv DJ, Wu XL, Sun HY, Wu XY, Lu HL. Development of a five ChX STRs loci typing system. Int J Legal Med 2008; 122:261-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Silveira D, Silva FF, Jesus PR, Whittle MR. Use of X-linked short tandem repeat loci in routine parentage casework. Transfusion 2007; 47:1050-3. [PMID: 17524096 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dealing with genetic inconsistencies in parentage testing, especially in motherless cases, remains a continual difficulty. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Four difficult cases, comprising two trios and two duos, were selected from routine parentage testing casework. In these, relatively low combined paternity indices were observed as a result of few discrepant loci that were treated as being due to paternal mutations. An additional eight short tandem repeat (STR) loci along the X chromosome were studied in the alleged father and female child to try and help resolve these cases. RESULTS In all four cases, the X chromosome haplotypes in the alleged father were different from those in the child, showing decisively that the alleged father could be excluded from being the biologic father of the child. CONCLUSION In recent times the study of X chromosome haplotypes has been shown to be useful in parentage testing where the alleged father is absent and where only his close relatives are available for testing. This work demonstrates that such studies can also prove valuable in the testing of standard trios and duos in cases where there only a few genetic inconsistencies amongst the loci tested, making it difficult to distinguish between paternal mutations and a close relative of the alleged father being the biologic father.
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Zarrabeitia MT, Mijares V, Riancho JA. Forensic efficiency of microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms on the X chromosome. Int J Legal Med 2007; 121:433-7. [PMID: 17436009 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-007-0169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms located on the X chromosome are being increasingly used in forensic studies. However, they have not been studied as extensively as the autosomal and Y-linked polymorphisms. Therefore, we planned to study the population genetics of two sets of X-linked markers, including short-tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and particularly analyze the differences at the microgeographical level. Six X-linked STRs (DXS 9895, DXS 7132, DXS 9898, DXS 6789, GATA 172D05, and DXS 7130) and ten SNPs (rs1229078, rs1544545, rs4442270, rs1874111, rs5968332, rs1166756, rs12849634, rs5932595, rs203648, and rs611711) were studied in two population samples from Cantabria, northern Spain, a mixed coastal population and a relatively isolated small population in the Pas valley. There were statistically significant differences in allelic frequencies of the six STRs studied between both populations. On the other hand, only one out of ten SNPs studied showed between-population differences. Overall Fst values were 0.4-2.9% and 1.8-2.2% for the STRs and the SNPs, respectively. The overall power of discrimination for female samples was higher than 99.99% for both groups of markers. Therefore, these sets of X-linked STRs and SNPs seem to be potentially useful in forensic genetics, but care should be taken when interpreting results from cases that originate from small and relatively isolated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Zarrabeitia
- Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Cantabria, Av. Herrera Oria sn, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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Gomes I, Prinz M, Pereira R, Meyers C, Mikulasovich RS, Amorim A, Carracedo A, Gusmão L. Genetic analysis of three US population groups using an X-chromosomal STR decaplex. Int J Legal Med 2007; 121:198-203. [PMID: 17237948 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-006-0146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An X-chromosomal multiplex amplifying ten short tandem repeats (STRs) in one single PCR reaction was developed and optimized in this work. The X-STRs included were DXS8378, DXS9898, DXS8377, HPRTB, GATA172D05, DXS7423, DXS6809, DXS7132, DXS101, and DXS6789. Decaplex performance was tested on 377 male samples from three United States population groups, namely, 130 African Americans, 104 Asians, and 143 Hispanics. DXS8377 was the most polymorphic locus across all three populations, whereas DXS7423 was the least informative marker. Genetic distance analysis (R (ST) and F (ST)) performed for the three populations residing in New York showed significant genetic distances between population groups for most pairwise comparisons, except for HPRTB, DXS6809, and DXS7132. When testing linkage disequilibrium for all pairs of loci in the three groups, no significant association was found between any pair of the loci studied, after applying Bonferroni correction. The high values for the average probability of excluding a random man obtained in all three populations when both mother and daughter are tested or when father/daughter relationships are evaluated support the potential of this decaplex system in kinship analysis. Also, the overall high power of discrimination values for samples of female and male origin, confirms the usefulness of this decaplex system in identification analysis. As expected, results also support the use of independent databases comprising these ten X-linked loci for the three US populations evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Gomes
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Liu QL, Lü DJ, Zhu JZ, Lu HL, Luo YM, Fang Q. Fluorescent Multiplex Amplification of Three X-STR Loci. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 33:1053-9. [PMID: 17185164 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-4172(06)60142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the value of three X-STR loci (DXS6803, DXS981and DXS6809) in forensic application and thereby investigate their polymorphism. The primer for each locus was labeled with fluorochrome 6-FAM. A fluorescent multiplex PCR for simultaneously amplifying three X-STR loci was set up. The PCR products that were obtained were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis and ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer, with GENESCAN Analysis Software. When 340 male and 195 female individuals of Han population in China were tested, 13, 12, and 11 alleles were observed for DXS6803, DXS981 and DXS6809, respectively. One hundred and eighty three haplotypes were detected in the male individuals. The haplotype diversity reached 0.9926. The results show that the three loci of the multiplex system provide significant information on polymorphism for forensic identification and paternity testing, particularly for complicated paternity deficient cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ling Liu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510089, China
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27
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Liu Q, Li S. Patterns of genetic polymorphism at the 10 X-chromosome STR loci in Mongol population. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 158:76-9. [PMID: 16280221 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity at 10 X-chromosome STR loci has been approved and widely used for forensic science field. In this paper, we have studied this genetic diversity in various Mongol ethnic group with geographic backgrounds. Allele frequencies of 10 X-chromosome STR loci, including DXS7133, DXS6799, DXS8378, DXS7423, DXS6804, HPRTB, DXS7424, DXS7132, DXS6789 and DXS101, were obtained from healthy unrelated individuals (53 females and 47 males) of Mongol ethnic group lived in north China. Gene diversity analysis showed that the average heterozygosity was uniformly high (0.687) in the studied population. The coefficient of PIC was 0.99998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Shaanxi 710061, China
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28
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Shi X, Li J, Li A, Lv S, Xu G. Simultaneous analysis of microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity by capillary electrophoresis with a homemade kit. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 834:122-7. [PMID: 16545991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2005] [Revised: 02/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), the alteration in length and strength of short tandem repeat sequences are an important molecular characteristic of many human tumors. MSI and LOH analysis has become an attractive method for diagnostic and tumor research purposes. A method for the simultaneous analysis of MSI and LOH at the five microsatellite loci (BAT-26, D17S261, D3S1283, D2S123 and D3S1611) was developed employing a cheap homemade kit to replace the expensive commercial kit on ABI 310 capillary genetic analyzer. After studying the effect of temperature and urea denaturant on microsatellite analysis, 8 mol/L urea and 60 degrees C were selected for assessing accurately fragment size of microsatellite alleles. Based on this method, 52 sporadic gastric cancers were screened, and MSI and LOH, at least one locus was observed in 15 of 52 (28.8%) patients. Moreover, it is found that a statistically significant association exists between MSI and LOH and tumor-differentiated level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Shi
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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29
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Singh Negi D, Alam M, Bhavani SA, Nagaraju J. Multistep microsatellite mutation in the maternally transmitted locus D13S317: a case of maternal allele mismatch in the child. Int J Legal Med 2006; 120:286-92. [PMID: 16514543 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-006-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Examination of a case of a paternity dispute with 17 autosomal short tandem repeats (STR) loci revealed a mismatch of the maternally transmitted allele at the locus D13S317 in the questioned child. The composition of the alleles of this locus in the mother, questioned child and suspected father was 8/8, 11/11 and 8/11, respectively. The sequence analysis of the regions flanking the locus D13S317 and peak height measurements of the paternal, maternal and child alleles at this locus excluded the possibility of null allele as a cause of the allelic mismatch inherited by the child. The results suggested expansion of the microsatellite repeat motif, TATC by three repeat units as a probable cause for the allelic mismatch in the child. This is a rare case of maternally transmitted multistep microsatellite mutation reported for the first time for this locus in the forensic DNA analysis. The mutation rate at D13S317 locus in maternal and paternal meiosis was 0.04 and 0.14%, respectively, and overall mutation rate was 0.15%. The probability of maternity and paternity were 0.999999 and 0.999999, respectively, for all the 17 autosomal STR loci analyzed. Furthermore, the sequence of two hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA, HV1 and HV2 and the maternal alleles of six X chromosome STR loci in the questioned child matched completely with the mother. These results conclusively proved that the mother and suspected father are the biological parents of the questioned child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Singh Negi
- Laboratory of DNA Fingerprinting Services, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, -500 076, India
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30
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Poetsch M, Petersmann H, Repenning A, Lignitz E. Development of two pentaplex systems with X-chromosomal STR loci and their allele frequencies in a northeast German population. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 155:71-6. [PMID: 16216714 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we present two new pentaplex systems for the coamplification of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs). X-penta-1 comprises DXS9898, DXS6807, HPRTB, DXS101, and androgen receptor (ARA); X-penta-2 consists of DXS7133, DXS10011, DXS7424, DXS8377, and DXS8378. In addition, allele frequencies for these loci in a northeast German population comprising 100 females and 105 males were shown. The applicability and usefulness of our two PCR pentaplex approaches in paternity deficiency cases is demonstrated by a combined power of discrimination (PD(c)) for both females and males with PD(c)>0.999999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany.
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31
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Bini C, Ceccardi S, Ferri G, Pelotti S, Alù M, Roncaglia E, Beduschi G, Caenazzo L, Ponzano E, Tasinato P, Turchi C, Buscemi L, Mazzanti M, Tagliabracci A, Toni C, Spinetti I, Domenici R, Presciuttini S. Development of a heptaplex PCR system to analyse X-chromosome STR loci from five Italian population samples. A collaborative study. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 153:231-6. [PMID: 15982841 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many X-chromosome short tandem repeats (X-STRs) have been validated for forensic use even if further studies are needed on allele frequencies and mutation rates to evaluate the extent of polymorphism in different populations and to establish reference databases useful for forensic applications and for anthropological studies. A single multiplex reaction of seven X-STRs, which includes the DXS6789, HUMARA, DXS10011, DXS7423, HPRTB, DXS6807, DXS101 loci, is presented and their allele frequency distribution in a large population sample including 556 subjects (268 females and 288 males) analysed by five forensic laboratories of Central and Northern Italy is shown. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a single amplification/detection reaction involving seven markers of the X chromosome, which can be fruitfully used in complex kinship analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bini
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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32
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Zarrabeitia MT, Alonso A, Martin J, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Martin-Escudero JC, de Pancorbo MM, Sanz P, Ruiz-Cabello F, Riancho JA. Study of six X-linked tetranucleotide microsatellites: population data from five Spanish regions. Int J Legal Med 2005; 120:147-50. [PMID: 16328422 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-005-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied six X-linked microsatellites in a large group of Spanish individuals (n=614) from five different regions located in northern, central and southern Spain. All the markers had tetranucleotide repeat units (DXS9895, DXS9898, DXS7130, DXS7132, GATA172D05 and DXS6789). They were amplified in two triplex PCR reactions. There were no significant sex- or region-related differences in allelic frequencies, suggesting that general national databases can be adequate as a reference for X-linked markers. The analysis of those six short tandem repeats combined in 316 males revealed 300 different "temporary haplotypes", 283 of which were found only once. There was no evidence for statistically significant linkage disequilibrium among the loci studied. Therefore these markers are quite polymorphic and useful for forensic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Zarrabeitia
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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33
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Gu S, Li S. X-chromosome STRs analysis of Ewenke ethnic population. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 158:72-5. [PMID: 16280222 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Revised: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
X-chromosome STR, known as microsatellite, is a kind of the most information genetic markers for specific biological materials. Because the size of X-chromosome STR alleles is small, generally including 100-350 nucleotides, it is relatively easy to be amplified and detected with high sensitivity. We have investigated 10 X-chromosome STR loci in an Ewenke ethnic population who live in Neimengu of northeast China. Allele frequencies of 10 X-chromosome STR loci, including DXS7133, DXS6799, DXS8378, DXS7423, DXS6804, HPRTB, DXS7424, DXS7132, DXS6789 and DXS101, were obtained from healthy unrelated individuals (45 females and 53 males) of Ewenke ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an Shaanxi 710061, China
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34
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Tabbada KA, De Ungria MCA, Faustino LP, Athanasiadou D, Stradmann-Bellinghausen B, Schneider PM. Development of a pentaplex X-chromosomal short tandem repeat typing system and population genetic studies. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 154:173-80. [PMID: 16182963 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Quadruplex and pentaplex systems for polymerase chain reaction amplification of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats DXS101, HPRTB, DXS8377, DXS981 (STRX1) and DXS6789 were developed for automated profiling of liquid and membrane-bound DNA samples. Chinese, Japanese and Thai populations were typed using a quadruplex system, while German and Philippine populations were analyzed using a five-locus system. Out of 88 meioses studied in Philippine family samples at each locus, a possible one repeat deletion (allele 51 to 50) at DXS8377 was observed in a father-daughter pair. Exact tests performed on genotype data from females in the Philippine, German and Thai populations indicated that these groups conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Exact tests for population differentiation indicate significant variations in allele distributions, particularly at loci DXS101, DXS981 and DXS6789. Considered individually, DXS8377 was the most polymorphic and HPRTB the least polymorphic locus in these five populations. When the forensic efficiency of the quadruplex system was calculated, the combined power of discrimination among males (PD(M)) was no lower than 0.998, while among females the combined PD(F) was at least 0.9999 in all populations. The combined power of paternity exclusion was a minimum of 0.998 in trio cases and 0.98 in motherless cases. The addition of locus DXS6789 to the German and Philippine population databases using a pentaplex increased the forensic efficiency of the analysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Tabbada
- DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
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35
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Riancho JA, Saro G, Sañudo C, Izquierdo MJ, Zarrabeitia MT. Gitelman syndrome: genetic and expression analysis of the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride transporter in blood cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 21:217-20. [PMID: 16221718 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfi093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gitelman syndrome is caused by mutations of the SLC12A3 gene, which encodes the thiazide-sensitive NaCl transporter NCCT. Although several mutations causing Gitelman syndrome have been described, their molecular consequences have been rarely studied. We report a patient with Gitelman syndrome due to a mutation in the GT donor splicing site of intron 9. The analysis of RNA from peripheral blood cells showed a complete deletion of exon 9. This case report confirms the feasibility of using readily accessible blood cells to study the expression of the SLC12A3 gene, a procedure that may facilitate further studies of the functional genomics of Gitelman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Riancho
- Department Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain.
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36
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Vauhkonen H, Vauhkonen M, Sipponen P, Sajantila A. Correlation between the allelic distribution of STRs in a Finnish population and phenotypically different gastrointestinal tumours: a study using four X-chromosomal markers (DXS7423, DXS8377, ARA, DXS101). Ann Hum Genet 2005; 68:555-62. [PMID: 15598214 DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability in tumours has been suggested as a model to study the process of short tandem repeat (STR) mutations. In the present study we have determined the allelic variation of four X-STRs (DXS7423, DXS8377, DXS101 and ARA) in a Finnish population of 103 individuals, and assessed whether a comparable allelic distribution could be found in a series of gastrointestinal cancers differing by the level of microsatellite instability. Fifty-seven gastric and colorectal cancers were stratified by autosomal STRs, and the mononucleotide marker BAT-26 into stable, low-level unstable and high-level unstable microsatellite (MSI-H) cancers, of which the last produced the majority of X-STR alleles. For the four markers analysed, a significant correlation of allele distribution between our Finnish population sample and MSI-H tumours was noted. Together, the eight MSI-H tumours found represented 80%, 66-80% and 100% of the DXS101 alleles in the Finnish, and in previously described Caucasian and Korean population samples, respectively. Of the ARA, DXS7423 and DXS8377 alleles in the Finnish population, 42%, 75% and 79% were found in the MSI-H cancers, respectively. The results suggest that analysis of STR variation in a relatively small number of MSI-H cancers may aid in pre-evaluation of their allelic distribution in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vauhkonen
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Kytösuontie 11, P.O. Box 40, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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37
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Shin SH, Yu JS, Park SW, Min GS, Chung KW. Genetic analysis of 18 X-linked short tandem repeat markers in Korean population. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 147:35-41. [PMID: 15541590 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The population genetic data of 18 X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers DXS6807, DXS8378, DXS9895, DXS9902, DXS6810, DXS7132, DXS981, DXS6800, DXS9898, DXS6789, DXS101, DXS6797, GATA172D05, GATA165B12, HPRTB, GATA31E08, DXS8377, and DXS7423 were analyzed in samples of unrelated 220 males and 181 females from Korean population. The exact test for genotype distribution of the markers showed no significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allele frequencies between male and female samples were not significantly different in all examined markers. All examined males and females showed different hemizygotic haplotype and combined genotypes, respectively. Four cases of mutation were found in GATA172D05, GATA31E08, DXS7132, and HPRTB from the analysis of 95 father-child-mother trios. Details of X chromosomal STRs in Koreans would be useful in paternity tests and forensic purposes as well as whole X-chromosomal mapping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, 182 Sinkwan-dong, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, South Korea
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38
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Szibor R, Hering S, Edelmann J. The HumARA genotype is linked to spinal and bulbar muscular dystrophy and some further disease risks and should no longer be used as a DNA marker for forensic purposes. Int J Legal Med 2005; 119:179-80. [PMID: 15690183 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-005-0525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Zarrabeitia MT, Alonso A, Zarrabeitia A, Castro A, Fernández I, de Pancorbo MM. X-linked microsatellites in two Northern Spain populations. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 145:57-9. [PMID: 15374595 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 02/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The X-chromosomal microsatellites HPRTB, DXS101, ARA, DXS7423, and DXS8377 were analysed by a pentaplex PCR in an expanded population sample from Cantabria and an independent sample of unrelated individuals from the Basque Country. Allele frequencies showed similar distributions, but minor variations were found for some loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Zarrabeitia
- Unidad de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, c/Herrera Oria, s/n 39011 Santander, Spain.
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40
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Zarrabeitia A, Zarrabeitia MT, Valero C, González-Macías J, Riancho JA. Age-related influence of common aromatase gene polymorphisms on bone mass of healthy men. Bone 2004; 35:243-8. [PMID: 15207764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2003] [Revised: 12/06/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and estrogens are critical factors for bone homeostasis; hence, polymorphisms of genes involved in the metabolism and activity of sex steroids are likely candidates to influence bone mass. Therefore, we studied the association of two of those microsatellite polymorphisms, situated in intron 4 of CYP19-aromatase and exon 1 of androgen receptor, with bone mass in a group of 324 healthy men of a wide age range (mean age 49, range 22-75). CYP19 and androgen receptor alleles were typed by capillary electrophoresis after PCR amplification. Bone mass was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry at the hip and the spine. No association was found between androgen receptor variation and bone mass. However, among the 184 subjects aged more than 45 years, a significant association was found between CYP19 alleles and bone mass at the lumbar spine (P = 0.001) and total hip (P = 0.01). Individuals with long alleles had higher bone mass, even after adjusting for body weight, height, or calcium intake. Mean spine Z scores were -0.1 (95% CI, -0.3 to 0.2), -0.1 (-0.4 to 0.2), and 0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) for individuals with short, intermediate, and long alleles, respectively. Total hip Z scores were 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6), 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6), and 0.8 (0.5 to 1.0), respectively. Longer CYP19 alleles were also associated with higher free estradiol index. These results suggest that common variations in CYP19-aromatase gene may have an important influence on the maintenance of male skeleton after peak bone mass is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zarrabeitia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
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41
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Development of a heptaplex PCR system to analyse X-chromosome STR loci from five Italian population samples. A collaborative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(03)01720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Peloso G, Grignani P, Previderè C. Allele distribution of five X-chromosome STR loci in an Italian population sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(03)01814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Szibor R, Edelmann J, Zarrabeitia MT, Riancho JA. Sequence structure and population data of the X-linked markers DXS7423 and DXS8377--clarification of conflicting statements published by two working groups. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 134:72-3. [PMID: 12842361 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Brettell
- Forensic Science Laboratory Bureau, New Jersey State Police, Box 7068, West Trenton, New Jersey 08628-0068, USA
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