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Castro-Gómez P, Garcia-Serrano A, Visioli F, Fontecha J. Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:41-51. [PMID: 26242691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids participate in a variety of indispensable metabolic, neurological, and intracellular signaling processes. In this didactic paper we review the biological roles of phospholipids and try to unravel the precise nature of their putative healthful activities. We conclude that the biological actions of phospholipids activities potentially be nutraceutically exploited in the adjunct therapy of widely diffused pathologies such as neurodegeneration or the metabolic syndrome. As phospholipids can be recovered from inexpensive sources such as food processing by-products, ad-hoc investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castro-Gómez
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Serrano
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fontecha
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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Larbi A, Fortin C, Dupuis G, Berrougui H, Khalil A, Fulop T. Immunomodulatory role of high-density lipoproteins: impact on immunosenescence. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9712. [PMID: 25216565 PMCID: PMC4162887 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural aging is accompanied by a dysregulation of the host immune response that has well-known clinical consequences but poorly defined underlying causes. It has previously been reported that advancing age is associated with an increase in membrane cholesterol level in T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-density lipoprotein (HDL) can modulate the age-related accumulation of membrane cholesterol in T cells and impact on their subsequent responsiveness. Our data reveal that cholesterol metabolism, influx, and efflux are altered in T cells with aging, which may in part explain the increase in membrane cholesterol level observed in T cells in elderly individuals. HDL was unable to promote reverse cholesterol transport in T cells from elderly subjects with the same efficiency as was observed in T cells from young subjects besides unchanged ABCA-1 and SR-BI expressions. HDL exhibited a short-acting co-stimulatory effect by enhancing T cell production of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Moreover, HDL from healthy normolipemic individuals exerted differential effects on T cell proliferation that depended on the age of the HDL donor. Finally, HDL modulated TCR/CD28 activation by inducing sustained signaling through pLck, pERK, and pAkt. These data suggest that HDL has immunomodulatory effects on T cells that are influenced by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Larbi
- />Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carl Fortin
- />Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- />Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- />Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- />Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Tamas Fulop
- />Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Fulop T, Le Page A, Garneau H, Azimi N, Baehl S, Dupuis G, Pawelec G, Larbi A. Aging, immunosenescence and membrane rafts: the lipid connection. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2012; 1:6. [PMID: 24764511 PMCID: PMC3886260 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The decreased efficiency of immune responses in older people is partly a consequence of alterations in T lymphocyte functions caused by modifications in the early events of signal transduction. Several alterations in the signaling pathways of T lymphocytes have been described in older humans and animals. A unifying cause could be modifications in the physicochemical properties of the plasma membrane resulting from changes in its lipid composition and the distribution and function of lipid rafts (LR). The latter serve to assemble the initial components of the signaling cascade. Accumulating data suggest that the function of plasma membrane LR is altered with aging; we hypothesize that this would significantly contribute to immune dysregulation. The role of aging and cholesterol in LR functions in T lymphocytes is reviewed and discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada ; Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 1036, rue Belvedere Sud, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Aurélie Le Page
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hugo Garneau
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Naheed Azimi
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sarra Baehl
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, Tübingen Aging and Tumor Immunology Group, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestrasse 22, Tübingen, D-72072, Germany
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Immunos Building/Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
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Küllenberg D, Taylor LA, Schneider M, Massing U. Health effects of dietary phospholipids. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:3. [PMID: 22221489 PMCID: PMC3316137 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of dietary phospholipids (PLs) have been mentioned since the early 1900's in relation to different illnesses and symptoms, e.g. coronary heart disease, inflammation or cancer. This article gives a summary of the most common therapeutic uses of dietary PLs to provide an overview of their approved and proposed benefits; and to identify further investigational needs.From the majority of the studies it became evident that dietary PLs have a positive impact in several diseases, apparently without severe side effects. Furthermore, they were shown to reduce side effects of some drugs. Both effects can partially be explained by the fact that PL are highly effective in delivering their fatty acid (FA) residues for incorporation into the membranes of cells involved in different diseases, e.g. immune or cancer cells. The altered membrane composition is assumed to have effects on the activity of membrane proteins (e.g. receptors) by affecting the microstructure of membranes and, therefore, the characteristics of the cellular membrane, e.g. of lipid rafts, or by influencing the biosynthesis of FA derived lipid second messengers. However, since the FAs originally bound to the applied PLs are increased in the cellular membrane after their consumption or supplementation, the FA composition of the PL and thus the type of PL is crucial for its effect. Here, we have reviewed the effects of PL from soy, egg yolk, milk and marine sources. Most studies have been performed in vitro or in animals and only limited evidence is available for the benefit of PL supplementation in humans. More research is needed to understand the impact of PL supplementation and confirm its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Küllenberg
- Tumor Biology Center, Dept, of Clinical Research, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Fülöp T, Larbi A, Hirokawa K, Mocchegiani E, Lesourds B, Castle S, Wikby A, Franceschi C, Pawelec G. Immunosupportive therapies in aging. Clin Interv Aging 2008; 2:33-54. [PMID: 18044074 PMCID: PMC2684090 DOI: 10.2147/ciia.2007.2.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary role of the immune system is to protect the organism against pathogens, but age-associated alterations to immunity increase the susceptibility of the elderly to infectious disease. The exact nature of these changes is still controversial, but the use of screening procedures, such as the SENIEUR protocol to exclude underlying illness, helped to better characterize the changes actually related to physiological aging rather than pathology. It is generally agreed that the most marked changes occur in the cellular immune response reflecting profound alterations in T cells. Much of this is due to thymic involution as well as changes in the proportions of T cell subpopulations resulting from antigen exposure, and altered T cell activation pathways. However, a body of data indicates that innate immune responses, including the critical bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and antigen presenting capacity are not completely resistant to senescence processes. The consequences of all these alterations are an increased incidence of infections, as well as possibly cancers, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory diseases. The leading question is what, if anything, can we do to prevent these deleterious changes without dangerously dysregulating the precarious balance of productive immunity versus immunopathology? There are many potential new therapeutic means now available to modulate immunosenescence and many others are expected to be available shortly. One main problem in applying these experimental therapies is ethical: there is a common feeling that as ageing is not a disease; the elderly are not sick and therefore do not require adventurous therapies with unpredictable side-effects in mostly frail individuals. Animal models are not helpful in this context. In this chapter we will first briefly review what we think we know about human immunosenescence and its consequences for the health status of elderly individuals. We will then discuss possible interventions that might one day become applicable in an appropriate ethical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, Immunology Program, Geriatric Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Larbi A, Kempf J, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Haug C, Pawelec G. The heat shock proteins in cellular aging: is zinc the missing link? Biogerontology 2007; 7:399-408. [PMID: 17048072 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-006-9055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
T-cell functions are critical for the efficiency of the adaptive immune response. It is now clear that aging is associated with changes in the T-cell response to antigenic stimulation, one of the many changes collectively resulting in immune senescence. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain such changes. We believe that chronic stimulation of T-cells enhances the appearance of apoptosis-resistant anergic dysfunctional cells; in humans in vivo these are predominantly specific for antigens of persistent viruses, especially CMV. Concomitantly, age-associated zinc deficiency is common and one hypothesis is that lack of zinc bioavailability contributes to impaired T-cell function. This could further compromise the integrity of T-cells under chronic antigenic stress, which can be modelled in long-term clonal cultures in vitro. Newly synthesized heat-shock proteins (HSPs) protect the cellular proteins from degradation under such conditions. In this short review we will briefly outline the role of heat-shock proteins and zinc deficiency in aging in order to finally discuss our own results in the context of a link between HSPs, aging and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Larbi
- Center for Medical Research, Tüebingen Aging and Tumor Immunology group, University of Tüebingen, Waldhornlestrasse 22, 72072, Tüebingen, Germany.
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Haidekker MA, Theodorakis EA. Molecular rotors—fluorescent biosensors for viscosity and flow. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1669-78. [PMID: 17520133 DOI: 10.1039/b618415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid against gradients in flow (shear rate). Both flow and viscosity play an important role in all biological systems from the microscopic (e.g., cellular) to the systemic level. Many methods to measure viscosity and flow have drawbacks, such as the tedious and time-consuming measurement process, expensive instrumentation, or the restriction to bulk sample sizes. Fluorescent environment-sensitive dyes are known to show high sensitivity and high spatial and temporal resolution. Molecular rotors are a group of fluorescent molecules that form twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states upon photoexcitation and therefore exhibit two competing deexcitation pathways: fluorescence emission and non-radiative deexcitation from the TICT state. Since TICT formation is viscosity-dependent, the emission intensity of molecular rotors depends on the solvent's viscosity. Furthermore, shear-stress dependency of the emission intensity was recently described. Although the photophysical processes are widely explored, the practical application of molecular rotors as sensors for viscosity and the fluid flow introduce additional challenges. Intensity-based measurements are influenced by fluid optical properties and dye concentration, and solvent-dye interaction requires calibration of the measurement system to a specific solvent. Ratiometric dyes and measurement systems help solve these challenges. In addition, the combination of molecular rotors with specific recognition groups allows them to target specific sites, for example the cell membrane or cytoplasm. Molecular rotors are therefore emerging as new biosensors for both bulk and local microviscosity, and for flow and fluid shear stress on a microscopic scale and with real-time response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Haidekker
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Izgüt-Uysal VN, Agaç A, Karadogan I, Derin N. Peritoneal macrophages function modulation by L-carnitine in aging rats. Aging Clin Exp Res 2004; 16:337-41. [PMID: 15636457 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aging process is associated with a progressive decline in physiological functions involving immune response in most species. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine on impaired macrophages function in aged rats. METHODS Superoxide anion production, chemotaxis and phagocytic activity were studied in peritoneal macrophages obtained from young (2 months old) and aged (24 months old) rats. L-carnitine (50 mg/kg bw) or control vehicle was orally gavaged into young and aged rats for 30 consecutive days. RESULTS The peritoneal macrophages of the aged rats exhibited an increase in superoxide anion generation and a decline in chemotaxis and phagocytic index by comparison with the young rats. Superoxide anion production in aged rats was significantly reduced by L-carnitine treatment, as accompanied by a significant enhancement of chemotactic activity, which was restored to control levels observed in young rats. The age-related reduction in phagocytic index was only slightly, but not significantly, restored by L-carnitine administration, however. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that L-carnitine administration may be useful in reversing some age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nimet Izgüt-Uysal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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Slaughter N, Laux I, Tu X, Whitelegge J, Zhu X, Effros R, Bickel P, Nel A. The flotillins are integral membrane proteins in lipid rafts that contain TCR-associated signaling components: implications for T-cell activation. Clin Immunol 2003; 108:138-51. [PMID: 12921760 DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts play an important role in signal integration and cellular activation by the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). We demonstrate that flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are important structural raft components, which redistribute to the site of TCR engagement. An antibody to flotillin-1 was able to immobilize other TCR-associated raft components. Although rafts purified from unstimulated cells demonstrated abundant Lck but inabundant LAT, rafts from stimulated cells include an abundance of both components. This suggests dynamic changes in lipid raft composition during CD3/CD28 costimulation. Stimulation of primary human CD4(+) T cells leads to increased GM1 and flotillin-1 expression in the surface membrane, where these components colocalize. This may reconstitute new signaling complexes required for T-cell activation. Altered lipid raft composition and function may play a role in the decline of antigen responsiveness in senescent T cells. In this regard, we observed an increase in the raft-associated gangliolipid, GM1, in resting human CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndaisha Slaughter
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Haidekker MA, Ling T, Anglo M, Stevens HY, Frangos JA, Theodorakis EA. New fluorescent probes for the measurement of cell membrane viscosity. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2001; 8:123-31. [PMID: 11251287 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(00)90061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular rotors are fluorescent molecules that exhibit viscosity-dependent fluorescence quantum yield, potentially allowing direct measurements of cell membrane viscosity in cultured cells. Commercially available rotors, however, stain not only the cell membrane, but also bind to tubulin and migrate into the cytoplasm. We synthesized molecules related to 9-(dicyanovinyl)-julolidine (DCVJ), which featured hydrocarbon chains of different length to increase membrane compatibility. RESULTS Longer hydrocarbon chains attached to the fluorescent rotor reduce the migration of the dye into the cytoplasm and internal compartments of the cell. The amplitude of the fluorescence response to fluid shear stress, known to decrease membrane viscosity, is significantly higher than the response obtained from DCVJ. Notably a farnesyl chain showed a more than 20-fold amplitude over DCVJ and allowed detection of membrane viscosity changes at markedly lower shear stresses. CONCLUSIONS The modification of molecular rotors towards increased cell membrane association provides a new research tool for membrane viscosity measurements. The use of these rotors complements established methods such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching with its limited spatial and temporal resolution and fluorescence anisotropy, which has low sensitivity and may be subject to other effects such as deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Haidekker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0412, USA
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Recheis H, Böck G, Wick G. Paradoxical increase of LDL-R expression on the surface of lymphocytes from healthy old (>65a) SENIEUR protocol-compatible donors compared to healthy young (<35a) controls. Exp Gerontol 1999; 34:289-91. [PMID: 10363794 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(98)00065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Recheis
- Institute for General and Experimental Pathology, University of Innsbruck Medical School, Austria
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