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Imura E, Nakagomi M, Hayashida T, Fujita T, Sato S, Matsumoto K. Unraveling the Mechanism of Cork Spot-like Physiological Disorders in 'Kurenainoyume' Apples Based on Occurrence Location. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:381. [PMID: 38337914 PMCID: PMC10857259 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cork spot-like physiological disorder (CSPD) is a newly identified issue in 'Kurenainoyume' apples, yet its mechanism remains unclear. To investigate CSPD, we conducted morphological observations on 'Kurenainoyume' apples with and without pre-harvest fruit-bagging treatment using light-impermeable paper bags. Non-bagged fruit developed CSPD in mid-August, while no CSPD symptoms were observed in bagged fruit. The bagging treatment significantly reduced the proportion of opened lenticels, with only 17.9% in bagged fruit compared to 52.0% in non-bagged fruits. In non-bagged fruit, CSPD spots tended to increase from the lenticels, growing in size during fruit development. The cuticular thickness and cross-sectional area of fresh cells in CSPD spots were approximately 16 µm and 1600 µm², respectively. Healthy non-bagged fruit reached these values around 100 to 115 days after full bloom from mid- to late August. Microscopic and computerized tomography scanning observations revealed that many CSPD spots developed at the tips of vascular bundles. Therefore, CSPD initiation between opened lenticels and vascular bundle tips may be influenced by water stress, which is potentially caused by water loss, leading to cell death and the formation of CSPD spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eichi Imura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Shizuoka, Japan; (E.I.); (M.N.)
- Apple Research Institute, Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Kuroishi 036-0332, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mitsuho Nakagomi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Shizuoka, Japan; (E.I.); (M.N.)
| | - Taishi Hayashida
- Fujisaki Farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Fujisaki 038-3802, Aomori, Japan; (T.H.); (T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Fujisaki Farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Fujisaki 038-3802, Aomori, Japan; (T.H.); (T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Saki Sato
- Fujisaki Farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Fujisaki 038-3802, Aomori, Japan; (T.H.); (T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Shizuoka, Japan; (E.I.); (M.N.)
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Watanabe T, Sekiyama Y, Kawamura T, Fukuda Y, Nagata M. Tissue structural analysis for internal browning sweet potatoes using magnetic resonance imaging and bio-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Kim T, Lee J, Sun GM, Park BG, Park HJ, Choi DS, Ye SJ. Comparison of X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to detect pest-infested fruits: A pilot study. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Latif G, Alghazo J, Sibai FN, Iskandar DNFA, Khan AH. Recent Advancements in Fuzzy C-means Based Techniques for Brain MRI Segmentation. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:917-930. [PMID: 33397241 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666210104111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations of image segmentation techniques, particularly those used for Brain MRI segmentation, vary in complexity from basic standard Fuzzy C-means (FCM) to more complex and enhanced FCM techniques. OBJECTIVE In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on all thirteen variations of FCM segmentation techniques. In the review process, the concentration is on the use of FCM segmentation techniques for brain tumors. Brain tumor segmentation is a vital step in the process of automatically diagnosing brain tumors. Unlike segmentation of other types of images, brain tumor segmentation is a very challenging task due to the variations in brain anatomy. The low contrast of brain images further complicates this process. Early diagnosis of brain tumors is indeed beneficial to patients, doctors, and medical providers. RESULTS FCM segmentation works on images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, requiring minor modifications to hospital operations to early diagnose tumors as most, if not all, hospitals rely on MRI machines for brain imaging. CONCLUSION In this paper, we critically review and summarize FCM based techniques for brain MRI segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazanfar Latif
- College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaafar Alghazo
- College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi N Sibai
- College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - D N F Awang Iskandar
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Adil H Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Adedeji AA, Ekramirad N, Rady A, Hamidisepehr A, Donohue KD, Villanueva RT, Parrish CA, Li M. Non-Destructive Technologies for Detecting Insect Infestation in Fruits and Vegetables under Postharvest Conditions: A Critical Review. Foods 2020; 9:E927. [PMID: 32674380 PMCID: PMC7404779 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, food scientists have attempted to develop new technologies that can improve the detection of insect infestation in fruits and vegetables under postharvest conditions using a multitude of non-destructive technologies. While consumers' expectations for higher nutritive and sensorial value of fresh produce has increased over time, they have also become more critical on using insecticides or synthetic chemicals to preserve food quality from insects' attacks or enhance the quality attributes of minimally processed fresh produce. In addition, the increasingly stringent quarantine measures by regulatory agencies for commercial import-export of fresh produce needs more reliable technologies for quickly detecting insect infestation in fruits and vegetables before their commercialization. For these reasons, the food industry investigates alternative and non-destructive means to improve food quality. Several studies have been conducted on the development of rapid, accurate, and reliable insect infestation monitoring systems to replace invasive and subjective methods that are often inefficient. There are still major limitations to the effective in-field, as well as postharvest on-line, monitoring applications. This review presents a general overview of current non-destructive techniques for the detection of insect damage in fruits and vegetables and discusses basic principles and applications. The paper also elaborates on the specific post-harvest fruit infestation detection methods, which include principles, protocols, specific application examples, merits, and limitations. The methods reviewed include those based on spectroscopy, imaging, acoustic sensing, and chemical interactions, with greater emphasis on the noninvasive methods. This review also discusses the current research gaps as well as the future research directions for non-destructive methods' application in the detection and classification of insect infestation in fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinbode A. Adedeji
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Nader Ekramirad
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ali Hamidisepehr
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Kevin D. Donohue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (K.D.D.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Raul T. Villanueva
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445-0469, USA;
| | - Chadwick A. Parrish
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (K.D.D.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
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Van De Looverbosch T, Rahman Bhuiyan MH, Verboven P, Dierick M, Van Loo D, De Beenbouwer J, Sijbers J, Nicolaï B. Nondestructive internal quality inspection of pear fruit by X-ray CT using machine learning. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Olenskyj AG, Donis-González IR, Bornhorst GM. Nondestructive characterization of structural changes during in vitro gastric digestion of apples using 3D time-series micro-computed tomography. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Du Z, Hu Y, Ali Buttar N, Mahmood A. X-ray computed tomography for quality inspection of agricultural products: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3146-3160. [PMID: 31660129 PMCID: PMC6804772 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of agricultural products relates to the internal structure, which has long been a matter of interest in agricultural scientists. However, inspection methods of the opaque nature of internal information on agricultural products are usually destructive and require sample separation or preparation. X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) technology is one of the important nondestructive testing (NDT) technologies without sample separation and preparation. In this study, X-ray CT technology is used to obtain two-dimensional slice images and three-dimensional tomographic images of samples. The purpose of the review was to provide an overview of the working principle of X-ray CT technology, image processing, and analysis. This review aims to focus on the development of the agricultural products (e.g., wheat, maize, rice, apple, beef) and its applications (e.g., internal quality evaluation, microstructure observation, mechanical property measurement, and others) using CT scanner. This paper covers the aspects regarding the advantages and disadvantages of NDT technology, especially the unique advantages and limitations of X-ray CT technology on the quality inspection of agricultural products. Future prospects of X-ray CT technology are also put forward to become indispensable to the quality evaluation and product development on agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Du
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and TechnologyMinistry of Education Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Yongguang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and TechnologyMinistry of Education Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Noman Ali Buttar
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and TechnologyMinistry of Education Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Ashraf Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and TechnologyMinistry of Education Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
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Kamal T, Cheng S, Khan IA, Nawab K, Zhang T, Song Y, Wang S, Nadeem M, Riaz M, Khan MAU, Zhu B, Tan M. Potential uses of LF‐NMR and MRI in the study of water dynamics and quality measurement of fruits and vegetables. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Kamal
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China Dalian People's Republic of China
- Department of Agriculture University of Swabi Swabi Pakistan
| | - Shasha Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Agriculture University of Swabi Swabi Pakistan
| | - Khalid Nawab
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education and Communication The University of Agriculture Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Tan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Plant Protection The University of Agriculture Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics The University of Agriculture Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | | | - Bei‐Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China Dalian People's Republic of China
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Le TDQ, Alvarado C, Girousse C, Legland D, Chateigner-Boutin AL. Use of X-ray micro computed tomography imaging to analyze the morphology of wheat grain through its development. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:84. [PMID: 31384289 PMCID: PMC6668075 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is one of the most important staple source in the world for human consumption, animal feed and industrial raw materials. To deal with the global and increasing population demand, enhancing crop yield by increasing the final weight of individual grain is considered as a feasible solution. Morphometric analysis of wheat grain plays an important role in tracking and understanding developmental processes by assessing potential impacts on grains properties, size and shape that are major determinants of final grain weight. X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) is a very powerful non-invasive imaging tool that is able to acquire 3D images of an individual grain, enabling to assess the morphology of wheat grain and of its different compartments. Our objective is to quantify changes of morphology during growth stages of wheat grain from 3D μCT images. METHODS 3D μCT images of wheat grains were acquired at various development stages ranging from 60 to 310 degree days after anthesis. We developed robust methods for the identification of outer and inner tissues within the grains, and the extraction of morphometric features using 3D μCT images. We also developed a specific workflow for the quantification of the shape of the grain crease. RESULTS The different compartments of the grain could be semi-automatically segmented. Variations of volumes of the compartments adequately describe the different stages of grain developments. The evolution of voids within wheat grain reflects lysis of outer tissues and growth of inner tissues. The crease shape could be quantified for each grain and averaged for each stage of development, helping us understand the genesis of the grain shape. CONCLUSION This work shows that μCT acquisitions and image processing methodologies are powerful tools to extract morphometric parameters of developing wheat grain. The results of quantitative analysis revealed remarkable features of wheat grain growth. Further work will focus on building a computational model of wheat grain growth based on real 3D imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Girousse
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Wang Z, Herremans E, Janssen S, Cantre D, Verboven P, Nicolaï B. Visualizing 3D Food Microstructure Using Tomographic Methods: Advantages and Disadvantages. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:323-343. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Herremans
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siem Janssen
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dennis Cantre
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, VCBT, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Ebrahimnejad H, Ebrahimnejad H, Salajegheh A, Barghi H. Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Food Quality Control: A Review. J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:127-132. [PMID: 29732347 PMCID: PMC5928302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern challenges of food science require a new understanding of the determinants of food quality and safety. Application of advanced imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has seen impressive successes and fast growth over the past decade. Since MRI does not have any harmful ionizing radiation, it can be considered as a magnificent tool for the quality control of food products. MRI allows the structure of foods to be imaged noninvasively and nondestructively. Magnetic resonance images can present information about several processes and material properties in foods. This review will provide an overview of the most prominent applications of MRI in food research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ebrahimnejad
- DDS, MSc, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hadi Ebrahimnejad
- DVM, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - A Salajegheh
- MSc, Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Barghi
- DDS, MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Arendse E, Fawole OA, Magwaza LS, Opara UL. Non-destructive prediction of internal and external quality attributes of fruit with thick rind: A review. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Schoeman L, du Plessis A, Verboven P, Nicolaï BM, Cantre D, Manley M. Effect of oven and forced convection continuous tumble (FCCT) roasting on the microstructure and dry milling properties of white maize. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Wang Z, Verboven P, Nicolai B. Contrast-enhanced 3D micro-CT of plant tissues using different impregnation techniques. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:105. [PMID: 29209409 PMCID: PMC5706332 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-ray micro-CT has increasingly been used for 3D imaging of plant structures. At the micrometer resolution however, limitations in X-ray contrast often lead to datasets with poor qualitative and quantitative measures, especially within dense cell clusters of plant tissue specimens. The current study developed protocols for delivering a cesium based contrast enhancing solution to varying plant tissue specimens for the purpose of improving 3D tissue structure characterization within plant specimens, accompanied by new image processing workflows to extract the additional data generated by the contrast enhanced scans. RESULTS Following passive delivery of a 10% cesium iodide contrast solution, significant increases of 85.4 and 38.0% in analyzable cell volumes were observed in pear fruit hypanthium and tomato fruit outer mesocarp samples. A significant increase of 139.6% in the number of analyzable cells was observed in the pear fruit samples along the added ability to locate and isolate better brachysclereids and vasculature in the sample volume. Furthermore, contrast enhancement resulted in significant improvement in the definition of collenchyma and parenchyma in the petiolule of tomato leaflets, from which both qualitative and quantitative data can be extracted with respect to cell measures. However, contrast enhancement was not achieved in leaf vasculature and mesophyll tissue due to fundamental limitations. Active contrast delivery to apple fruit hypanthium samples did yield a small but insignificant increase in analyzable volume and cells, but data on vasculature can now be extracted better in correspondence to the pear hypanthium samples. Contrast delivery thus improved visualization and analysis the most in dense tissue types. CONCLUSIONS The cesium based contrast enhancing protocols and workflows can be utilized to obtain detailed 3D data on the internal microstructure of plant samples, and can be adapted to additional samples of interest with minimal effort. The resulting datasets can therefore be utilized for more accurate downstream studies that requires 3D data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Division MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Division MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolai
- Division MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Arendse E, Fawole OA, Magwaza LS, Opara UL. Non-destructive characterization and volume estimation of pomegranate fruit external and internal morphological fractions using X-ray computed tomography. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Non-destructive characterisation and quantification of the effect of conventional oven and forced convection continuous tumble (FCCT) roasting on the three-dimensional microstructure of whole wheat kernels using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Schoeman L, Williams P, du Plessis A, Manley M. X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) for non-destructive characterisation of food microstructure. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Development and applicability of an agarose-based tart cherry phantom for computer tomography imaging. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-015-9234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mikac U, Sepe A, Serša I. MR microscopy for noninvasive detection of water distribution during soaking and cooking in the common bean. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 33:336-45. [PMID: 25499029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) was used to study water distribution and mobility in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed during soaking at room temperature (20°C) and during the cooking of presoaked and dry bean seed in near-boiling water (98°C). Two complementary MRI methods were used to determine the total water uptake into the seed: the T2-weighted 3D RARE method, which yielded an increased signal from regions of highly mobile (bulk) water and a suppressed signal from regions of poorly mobile (bound) water; and the 3D SPI method, which yielded an increased signal from regions of water restricted in motion and a suppressed signal from the bulk water regions owing to the short repetition time of the method. Based on these results, it can be concluded that during soaking water enters the bean through the micropyle, migrating below the seed coat. The raphe and hypocotyl are hydrated first, while the cotyledon tissue is hydrated next. It was also observed that the imbibition rate increases with an increasing soaking temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urša Mikac
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ana Sepe
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Serša
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
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Cantre D, Herremans E, Verboven P, Ampofo-Asiama J, Nicolaï B. Characterization of the 3-D microstructure of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Carabao) during ripening using X-ray computed microtomography. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nicolaï BM, Defraeye T, De Ketelaere B, Herremans E, Hertog MLATM, Saeys W, Torricelli A, Vandendriessche T, Verboven P. Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2014; 5:285-312. [PMID: 24387604 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review nondestructive techniques for measuring internal and external quality attributes of fruit and vegetables, such as color, size and shape, flavor, texture, and absence of defects. The different techniques are organized according to their physical measurement principle. We first describe each technique and then list some examples. As many of these techniques rely on mathematical models and particular data processing methods, we discuss these where needed. We pay particular attention to techniques that can be implemented online in grading lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M Nicolaï
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; , , , , , , ,
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Magwaza LS, Opara UL, Terry LA, Landahl S, Cronje PJ, Nieuwoudt HH, Hanssens A, Saeys W, Nicolaï BM. Evaluation of Fourier transform-NIR spectroscopy for integrated external and internal quality assessment of Valencia oranges. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Marcone MF, Wang S, Albabish W, Nie S, Somnarain D, Hill A. Diverse food-based applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ho QT, Carmeliet J, Datta AK, Defraeye T, Delele MA, Herremans E, Opara L, Ramon H, Tijskens E, van der Sman R, Van Liedekerke P, Verboven P, Nicolaï BM. Multiscale modeling in food engineering. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Patel KK, Khan MA, Kar A. Recent developments in applications of MRI techniques for foods and agricultural produce—an overview. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mannina L, Sobolev AP, Viel S. Liquid state 1H high field NMR in food analysis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:1-39. [PMID: 22980032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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Magwaza LS, Opara UL, Nieuwoudt H, Cronje PJR, Saeys W, Nicolaï B. NIR Spectroscopy Applications for Internal and External Quality Analysis of Citrus Fruit—A Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Taglienti A, Sequi P, Cafiero C, Cozzolino S, Ritota M, Ceredi G, Valentini M. Hayward kiwifruits and Plant Growth Regulators: Detection and effects in post-harvest studied by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun T, Huang K, Xu H, Ying Y. Research advances in nondestructive determination of internal quality in watermelon/melon: A review. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Postharvest structural changes of Hayward kiwifruit by means of magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mendoza F, Verboven P, Mebatsion HK, Kerckhofs G, Wevers M, Nicolaï B. Three-dimensional pore space quantification of apple tissue using X-ray computed microtomography. PLANTA 2007; 226:559-70. [PMID: 17361459 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure and the connectivity of the pore space are important variables for better understanding of the complex gas transport phenomena that occur in plant tissues. In this study, we present an experimental procedure for image acquisition and image processing to quantitatively characterize in 3D the pore space of apple tissues (Malus domestica Borkh.) for two cultivars (Jonagold and Braeburn) taken from the fleshy part of the cortex using X-ray computer microtomography. Preliminary sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the effect of the resolution and the volume size (REV, representative elementary volume analysis) on the computed porosity of apple samples. For comparison among cultivars, geometrical properties such as porosity, specific surface area, number of disconnected pore volumes and their distribution parameters were extracted and analyzed in triplicate based on the 3D skeletonization of the pore space (medial axis analysis). The results showed that microtomography provides a resolution at the micrometer level to quantitatively analyze and characterize the 3D topology of the pore space in apple tissue. The computed porosity was confirmed to be highly dependent of the resolution used, and the minimum REV of the cortical flesh of apple fruit was estimated to be 1.3 mm(3). Comparisons among the two cultivars using a resolution of 8.5 mum with a minimum REV cube showed that in spite of the complexity and variability of the pore space network observed in Jonagold and Braeburn apples, the extracted parameters from the medial axis were significantly different (P-value < 0.05). Medial axis parameters showed potential to differentiate the microstructure between the two evaluated apple cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mendoza
- BIOSYST, MeBioS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, W. de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhou R, Li Y. Texture analysis of MR image for predicting the firmness of Huanghua pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cv. Huanghua) during storage using an artificial neural network. Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 25:727-32. [PMID: 17540285 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Firmness, a main index of quality changes, is important for the quality evaluation of fruits. In the present study, texture analysis (TA) of magnetic resonance images was applied to predict the firmness of Huanghua pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cv. Huanghua) during storage using an artificial neural network (ANN). Seven co-occurrence matrix-derived TA parameters and one run-length matrix TA parameter significantly correlated with firmness were considered as inputs to the ANN. Several ANN models were evaluated when developing the optimal topology. The optimal ANN model consisted of one hidden layer with 17 neurons in the hidden layer. This model was able to predict the firmness of the pears with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.539 N and R=0.969. Our data showed the potential of TA parameters of MR images combined with ANN for investigating the internal quality characteristics of fruits during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201101 Shanghai, PR China
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KIKUCHI KAORI, KOIZUMI MIKA, ISHIDA NOBUAKI, KANO HIROMI. Water uptake by dry beans observed by micro-magnetic resonance imaging. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2006; 98:545-53. [PMID: 16845137 PMCID: PMC3292055 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Water uptake by dry kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris 'Rajma') and adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) was traced using micro-magnetic resonance imaging in order to elucidate the channel of water entry, the manner of water delivery and the timing of swelling of the seeds. METHODS Magnetic resonance images of beans absorbing water were continuously measured with the single-point imaging method for 16 h or 20 h at 15-min intervals. With this technique, it was possible to detect and visualize the location of water in the beans, at a low water content, in the initial stages of water entry. KEY RESULTS Water was taken up through a specified tissue, the lens, near the hilum, and distributed primarily to the testa. When water reached the radicle, it began to be incorporated into cotyledons with considerable swelling of the seeds. Water uptake took place within a short time for kidney beans. The initial process of water entry was associated with mechanical vibration of the seed. Rapid hydration of the testa and the swelling of the cotyledons were then observed. Water was supplied to cotyledons through the adaxial epidermis. In contrast, it took a long time, approx. 7 h, to activate the water channel of the lens for adzuki beans which have a tightly fitting testa. Steeping of the testa was not uniform, which induced temporary slanting before enlargement of the seed. CONCLUSIONS The activation of the lens as the sole water channel, the delivery of water to the radicle within the testa, the swelling of the cotyledons, and the further increment of water are physiologically different processes during imbibition, and were separated by locating water in various tissues and by analysing the time course of water uptake using magnetic resonance imaging with the single-point imaging method.
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Affiliation(s)
- KAORI KIKUCHI
- National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Ano, Mie 514-2392, Japan, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan and Oak-Hill Georgic Patch-Work Laboratory, 4-13-10 Miyamoto, Funabashi, Chiba 273-0003, Japan
| | - MIKA KOIZUMI
- National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Ano, Mie 514-2392, Japan, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan and Oak-Hill Georgic Patch-Work Laboratory, 4-13-10 Miyamoto, Funabashi, Chiba 273-0003, Japan
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - NOBUAKI ISHIDA
- National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Ano, Mie 514-2392, Japan, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan and Oak-Hill Georgic Patch-Work Laboratory, 4-13-10 Miyamoto, Funabashi, Chiba 273-0003, Japan
| | - HIROMI KANO
- National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Ano, Mie 514-2392, Japan, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan and Oak-Hill Georgic Patch-Work Laboratory, 4-13-10 Miyamoto, Funabashi, Chiba 273-0003, Japan
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Butz P, Hofmann C, Tauscher B. Recent Developments in Noninvasive Techniques for Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Internal Quality Analysis. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb08328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Salt distribution in dry-cured ham measured by computed tomography and image analysis. Meat Sci 2005; 69:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Thybo AK, Jespersen SN, Laerke PE, Stødkilde-Jørgensen HJ. Nondestructive detection of internal bruise and spraing disease symptoms in potatoes using magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2004; 22:1311-7. [PMID: 15607104 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2004.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to detect nonvisible internal bruise and spraing symptoms and to get insight on the chemical and anatomical causes of such defects. Cultivar Saturna with internal bruise and cultivar Estima with spraing symptoms were investigated by comparison of different MR images as proton density-, T(1)- and T(2)-weighted images and T(2) maps. In all these types of MR images, it was possible to identify internal bruise and spraing spots in the potatoes, where these phenomena were present. When combining the information in the MR images, the interior of the internal bruise was characterised as being very dry (low signal in the proton-weighted image) with a small amount of highly mobile water in the shell around the bruise (high signal in T(2)-weighted image and high relaxation time in T(2) map). The spraing spots were more diffuse; however, the dry interior and highly mobile water around the spraing dots were somewhat similar to the appearance of internal bruise but resembled more the appearance of human tumour tissue than bruise disorders in, for example, fruits. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MRI can detect nonvisible internal bruise and spraing symptoms in potatoes, which has not been published before. MRI may, therefore, be an appropriate method for detecting and for studying developmental changes of such disorders and related disorders during postharvest storage in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette K Thybo
- Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark.
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