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Martelli F, Pifferi A, Farina A, Amendola C, Maffeis G, Tommasi F, Cavalieri S, Spinelli L, Torricelli A. Statistics of maximum photon penetration depth in a two-layer diffusive medium. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:1163-1180. [PMID: 38404319 PMCID: PMC10890894 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We present numerical results for the probability density function f(z) and for the mean value of photon maximum penetration depth ‹zmax› in a two-layer diffusive medium. Both time domain and continuous wave regime are considered with several combinations of the optical properties (absorption coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient) of the two layers, and with different geometrical configurations (source detector distance, thickness of the upper layer). Practical considerations on the design of time domain and continuous wave systems are derived. The methods and the results are of interest for many research fields such as biomedical optics and advanced microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Martelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Maffeis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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Amendola C, Maffeis G, Farina A, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Sassaroli A, Fanelli D, Tommasi F, Martelli F. Application limits of the scaling relations for Monte Carlo simulations in diffuse optics. Part 1: theory. Opt Express 2024; 32:125-150. [PMID: 38175044 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) is a powerful tool to study photon migration in scattering media, yet quite time-consuming to solve inverse problems. To speed up MC-simulations, scaling relations can be applied to an existing initial MC-simulation to generate a new data-set with different optical properties. We named this approach trajectory-based since it uses the knowledge of the detected photon trajectories of the initial MC-simulation, in opposition to the slower photon-based approach, where a novel MC-simulation is rerun with new optical properties. We investigated the convergence and applicability limits of the scaling relations, both related to the likelihood that the sample of trajectories considered is representative also for the new optical properties. For absorption, the scaling relation contains smoothly converging Lambert-Beer factors, whereas for scattering it is the product of two quickly diverging factors, whose ratio, for NIRS cases, can easily reach ten orders of magnitude. We investigated such instability by studying the probability-distribution for the number of scattering events in trajectories of given length. We propose a convergence test of the scattering scaling relation based on the minimum-maximum number of scattering events in recorded trajectories. We also studied the dependence of MC-simulations on optical properties, most critical in inverse problems, finding that scattering derivatives are ascribed to small deviations in the distribution of scattering events from a Poisson distribution. This paper, which can also serve as a tutorial, helps to understand the physics of the scaling relations with the causes of their limitations and devise new strategies to deal with them.
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Amendola C, Buttafava M, Carteano T, Contini L, Cortese L, Durduran T, Frabasile L, Guadagno CN, Karadeinz U, Lacerenza M, Mesquida J, Parsa S, Re R, Sanoja Garcia D, Konugolu Venkata Sekar S, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Tosi A, Weigel UM, Yaqub MA, Zanoletti M, Contini D. Assessment of power spectral density of microvascular hemodynamics in skeletal muscles at very low and low-frequency via near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopies. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:5994-6015. [PMID: 38021143 PMCID: PMC10659778 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we used a hybrid time domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) device to retrieve hemoglobin and blood flow oscillations of skeletal muscle microvasculature. We focused on very low (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) oscillations (i.e., frequency lower than 0.145 Hz), that are related to myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial activities. We measured power spectral density (PSD) of blood flow and hemoglobin concentration in four muscles (thenar eminence, plantar fascia, sternocleidomastoid and forearm) of 14 healthy volunteers to highlight possible differences in microvascular hemodynamic oscillations. We observed larger PSDs for blood flow compared to hemoglobin concentration, in particular in case of distal muscles (i.e., thenar eminence and plantar fascia). Finally, we compared the PSDs measured on the thenar eminence of healthy subjects with the ones measured on a septic patient in the intensive care unit: lower power in the endothelial-dependent frequency band, and larger power in the myogenic ones were observed in the septic patient, in accordance with previous works based on laser doppler flowmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Cortese
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Nunzia Guadagno
- BioPixS Ltd – Biophotonics Standards, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Cork, Ireland
| | - Umut Karadeinz
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - Jaume Mesquida
- Critical Care Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari. Institut D’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milan, Italy
| | - Udo M. Weigel
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M. Atif Yaqub
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Passera S, De Carli A, Fumagalli M, Contini D, Pesenti N, Amendola C, Giovannella M, Durduran T, Weigel UM, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Greisen G. Cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide tension in newborns: data from combined time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Neurophotonics 2023; 10:045003. [PMID: 37841558 PMCID: PMC10576436 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance Critically ill newborns are at risk of brain damage from cerebrovascular disturbances. A cerebral hemodynamic monitoring system would have the potential role to guide targeted intervention. Aim To obtain, in a population of newborn infants, simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based estimates of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) and blood flow during variations of carbon dioxide tension (pCO 2 ) levels within physiologic values up to moderate permissive hypercapnia, and to examine if the derived estimate of metabolic rate of oxygen would stay constant, during the same variations. Approach We enrolled clinically stable mechanically ventilated newborns at postnatal age > 24 h without brain abnormalities at ultrasound. StO 2 and blood flow index were measured using a non-invasive device (BabyLux), which combine time-resolved NIRS and diffuse-correlation spectroscopy. The effect of changes in transcutaneous pCO 2 on StO 2 , cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen index (tCMRO 2 i ) were estimated. Results Ten babies were enrolled and three were excluded. Median GA at enrollment was 39 weeks and median weight 2720 g. StO 2 increased 0.58% (95% CI 0.55; 0.61, p < 0.001 ), CBF 2% (1.9; 2.3, p < 0.001 ), and tCMRO 2 0.3% (0.05; 0.46, p = 0.017 ) per mmHg increase in pCO 2 . Conclusions BabyLux device detected pCO 2 -induced changes in cerebral StO 2 and CBF, as expected. The small statistically significant positive relationship between pCO 2 and tCMRO 2 i variation is not considered clinically relevant and we are inclined to consider it as an artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Passera
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese De Carli
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Pesenti
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martina Giovannella
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Casteldefells, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Casteldefells, Spain
- ICREA – Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Frabasile L, Amendola C, Buttafava M, Chincarini M, Contini D, Cozzi B, De Zani D, Guerri G, Lacerenza M, Minero M, Petrizzi L, Qiu L, Rabbogliatti V, Rossi E, Spinelli L, Straticò P, Vignola G, Zani DD, Dalla Costa E, Torricelli A. Non-invasive estimation of in vivo optical properties and hemodynamic parameters of domestic animals: a preliminary study on horses, dogs, and sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243325. [PMID: 37789868 PMCID: PMC10543119 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosensors applied in veterinary medicine serve as a noninvasive method to determine the health status of animals and, indirectly, their level of welfare. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been suggested as a technology with this application. This study presents preliminary in vivo time domain NIRS measurements of optical properties (absorption coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient, and differential pathlength factor) and hemodynamic parameters (concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and tissue oxygen saturation) of tissue domestic animals, specifically of skeletal muscle (4 dogs and 6 horses) and head (4 dogs and 19 sheep). The results suggest that TD NIRS in vivo measurements on domestic animals are feasible, and reveal significant variations in the optical and hemodynamic properties among tissue types and species. In horses the different optical and hemodynamic properties of the measured muscles can be attributed to the presence of a thicker adipose layer over the muscle in the Longissimus Dorsi and in the Gluteus Superficialis as compared to the Triceps Brachii. In dogs the absorption coefficient is higher in the head (temporalis musculature) than in skeletal muscles. The smaller absorption coefficient for the head of the sheep as compared to the head of dogs may suggest that in sheep we are indeed reaching the brain cortex while in dog light penetration can be hindered by the strongly absorbing muscle covering the cranium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matteo Chincarini
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerri
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Michela Minero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Lucio Petrizzi
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lina Qiu
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Straticò
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dalla Costa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
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Parfentyeva V, Colombo L, Lanka P, Pagliazzi M, Brodu A, Noordzij N, Kolarczik M, Dalla Mora A, Re R, Contini D, Torricelli A, Durduran T, Pifferi A. Fast time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy with superconducting nanowire single-photon detector: system validation and in vivo results. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11982. [PMID: 37488188 PMCID: PMC10366131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) has been introduced as an advancement of the "classical" continuous wave DCS (CW-DCS) allowing one to not only to measure depth-resolved blood flow index (BFI) but also to extract optical properties of the measured medium without using any additional diffuse optics technique. However, this method is a photon-starved technique, specially when considering only the late photons that are of primary interest which has limited its in vivo application. In this work, we present a TD-DCS system based on a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with a high quantum efficiency, a narrow timing response, and a negligibly low dark count noise. We compared it to the typically used single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector. In addition, this system allowed us to conduct fast in vivo measurements and obtain gated pulsatile BFI on the adult human forehead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Parfentyeva
- Institut de Ciéncies Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Pranav Lanka
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Pagliazzi
- Institut de Ciéncies Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- Institut de Ciéncies Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08015, Spain
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, 20133, Italy
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Lacerenza M, Frabasile L, Buttafava M, Spinelli L, Bassani E, Micheloni F, Amendola C, Torricelli A, Contini D. Motor cortex hemodynamic response to goal-oriented and non-goal-oriented tasks in healthy subjects. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1202705. [PMID: 37539388 PMCID: PMC10394236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1202705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Motor disorders are one of the world's major scourges, and neuromotor rehabilitation is paramount for prevention and monitoring plans. In this scenario, exercises and motor tasks to be performed by patients are crucial to follow and assess treatments' progression and efficacy. Nowadays, in clinical environments, quantitative assessment of motor cortex activities during task execution is rare, due to the bulkiness of instrumentation and the need for immobility during measurements [e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can contribute to a better understanding of how neuromotor processes work by measuring motor cortex activity non-invasively in freely moving subjects. Aim Exploit fNIRS to measure functional activation of the motor cortex area during arm-raising actions. Design All subjects performed three different upper limbs motor tasks: arm raising (non-goal-oriented), arm raising and grasping (goal oriented), and assisted arm raising (passive task). Each task was repeated ten times. The block design for each task was divided into 5 seconds of baseline, 5 seconds of activity, and 15 seconds of recovery. Population Sixteen healthy subjects (11 males and 5 females) with an average (+/- standard deviation) of 37.9 (+/- 13.0) years old. Methods Cerebral hemodynamic responses have been recorded in two locations, motor cortex (activation area) and prefrontal cortex (control location) exploiting commercial time-domain fNIRS devices. Haemodynamic signals were analyzed, separating the brain cortex hemodynamic response from extracerebral hemodynamic variations. Results The hemodynamic response was recorded in the cortical motor area for goal-oriented and not-goaloriented tasks, while no response was noticed in the control location (prefrontal cortex position). Conclusions This study provides a basis for canonical upper limb motor cortex activations that can be potentially compared to pathological cerebral responses in patients. It also highlights the potential use of TD-fNIRS to study goal-oriented versus non-goaloriented motor tasks. Impact: the findings of this study may have implications for clinical rehabilitation by providing a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying goal-oriented versus non-goal-oriented motor tasks. This may lead to more effective rehabilitation strategies for individuals with motor disorders and a more effective diagnosis of motor dysfunction supported by objective and quantitative neurophysiological readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lacerenza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- PIONIRS s.r.l., Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Bassani
- Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana, Manno, Switzerland
- Centro Studi Riabilitazione Neurologica, Neuropsicologia e Neuropsicoterapia, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Micheloni
- Centro Studi Riabilitazione Neurologica, Neuropsicologia e Neuropsicoterapia, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Amendola C, Contini D, Re R, Spinelli L, Frabasile L, Levoni P, Torricelli A. Robustness of tissue oxygenation estimates by continuous wave space-resolved near infrared spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:075002. [PMID: 37465166 PMCID: PMC10351877 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.7.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance Continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) is widely exploited in clinics to estimate skeletal muscles and brain cortex oxygenation. Spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) is generally implemented in commercial devices. However, SRS suffers from two main limitations: the a priori assumption on the spectral dependence of the reduced scattering coefficient [μs'(λ)] and the modeling of tissue as homogeneous. Aim We studied the accuracy and robustness of SRS NIRS. We investigated the errors in retrieving hemodynamic parameters, in particular tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), when μs'(λ) was varied from expected values, and when layered tissue was considered. Approach We simulated hemodynamic variations mimicking real-life scenarios for skeletal muscles. Simulations were performed by exploiting the analytical solutions of the photon diffusion equation in different geometries: (1) semi-infinite homogeneous medium and constant μs'(λ); (2) semi-infinite homogeneous medium and linear changes in μs'(λ); (3) two-layered media with a superficial thickness s1=5, 7.5, 10 mm and constant μs'(λ). All simulated data were obtained at source-detector distances ρ=35, 40, 45 mm, and analyzed with the SRS approach to derive hemodynamic parameters (concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin concentration, and tissue oxygen saturation, StO2) and their relative error. Results Variations in μs'(λ) affect the estimated StO2 (up to ±10%), especially if changes are different at the two wavelengths. However, the main limitation of the SRS method is the presence of a superficial layer: errors strongly larger than 20% were retrieved for the estimated StO2 when the superficial thickness exceeds 5 mm. Conclusions These results highlight the need for more sophisticated strategies (e.g., the use of multiple short and long distances) to reduce the influence of superficial tissues in retrieving hemodynamic parameters and warn the SRS users to be aware of the intrinsic limitation of this approach, particularly when exploited in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Levoni
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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9
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Re R, Scano A, Tomba A, Pirovano I, Caserta A, Spinelli L, Contini D, Cubeddu R, Panella L, Torricelli A. No Difference in Muscle Basal Oxygenation in a Bedridden Population Pre and Post Rehabilitation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1438:149-152. [PMID: 37845453 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42003-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Long periods of bed rest for elderly population, due to a femur fracture event, can cause a deterioration in the muscular capacity. Therefore, monitoring of the muscle oxidative capacity in this fragile population is necessary to define the muscular oxidative metabolism state before and after a rehabilitation period. The time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) technique enables the absolute values to be calculated for hemodynamic parameters such as oxy- (O2Hb), deoxy- (HHb), total- (tHb) haemoglobin, and tissue oxygen saturation (SO2) of the muscular tissue. In this work, we have characterized vastus lateralis muscle hemodynamics during a baseline period at two different time points: after the surgery (PRE) and after 15 days of rehabilitation (POST). The mean values for the absolute values of the hemodynamic parameters were: O2Hb_PRE = 49.1 ± 14.1 μM; O2Hb_POST = 47.1 ± 13.4 μM; HHb_PRE = 28.3 ± 10.3 μM; HHb_POST = 26.7 ± 9.9 μM; tHb_PRE = 77.3 ± 23.6 μM; tHb_POST = 73.8 ± 21.4 μM; SO2_PRE = 63.9 ± 4.0% and SO2_POST = 64.9 ± 5.6%. The hemodynamic parameters did not show significant differences at both group and single subject level. These results suggest that for this kind of population, the baseline of the hemodynamic parameters is not the best one to consider to assess the rehabilitation progresses in terms of muscular oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Scano
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - A Tomba
- Dipartimento di Riabilitazione, ASST Gaetano Pini CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - I Pirovano
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - A Caserta
- Dipartimento di Riabilitazione, ASST Gaetano Pini CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - L Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - D Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - R Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - L Panella
- Dipartimento di Riabilitazione, ASST Gaetano Pini CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - A Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
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10
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Re R, Pirovano I, Contini D, Amendola C, Contini L, Frabasile L, Levoni P, Torricelli A, Spinelli L. Reliable Fast (20 Hz) Acquisition Rate by a TD fNIRS Device: Brain Resting-State Oscillation Studies. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 23:196. [PMID: 36616792 PMCID: PMC9823873 DOI: 10.3390/s23010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A high power setup for multichannel time-domain (TD) functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements with high efficiency detection system was developed. It was fully characterized based on international performance assessment protocols for diffuse optics instruments, showing an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with respect to previous analogue devices, and allowing acquisition of signals with sampling rate up to 20 Hz and source-detector distance up to 5 cm. A resting-state measurement on the motor cortex of a healthy volunteer was performed with an acquisition rate of 20 Hz at a 4 cm source-detector distance. The power spectrum for the cortical oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Amendola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Frabasile
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Levoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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11
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Ayaz H, Baker WB, Blaney G, Boas DA, Bortfeld H, Brady K, Brake J, Brigadoi S, Buckley EM, Carp SA, Cooper RJ, Cowdrick KR, Culver JP, Dan I, Dehghani H, Devor A, Durduran T, Eggebrecht AT, Emberson LL, Fang Q, Fantini S, Franceschini MA, Fischer JB, Gervain J, Hirsch J, Hong KS, Horstmeyer R, Kainerstorfer JM, Ko TS, Licht DJ, Liebert A, Luke R, Lynch JM, Mesquida J, Mesquita RC, Naseer N, Novi SL, Orihuela-Espina F, O’Sullivan TD, Peterka DS, Pifferi A, Pollonini L, Sassaroli A, Sato JR, Scholkmann F, Spinelli L, Srinivasan VJ, St. Lawrence K, Tachtsidis I, Tong Y, Torricelli A, Urner T, Wabnitz H, Wolf M, Wolf U, Xu S, Yang C, Yodh AG, Yücel MA, Zhou W. Optical imaging and spectroscopy for the study of the human brain: status report. Neurophotonics 2022; 9:S24001. [PMID: 36052058 PMCID: PMC9424749 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.s2.s24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This report is the second part of a comprehensive two-part series aimed at reviewing an extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain health and function. While the first report focused on neurophotonic tools mostly applicable to animal studies, here, we highlight optical spectroscopy and imaging methods relevant to noninvasive human brain studies. We outline current state-of-the-art technologies and software advances, explore the most recent impact of these technologies on neuroscience and clinical applications, identify the areas where innovation is needed, and provide an outlook for the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wesley B. Baker
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Giles Blaney
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Heather Bortfeld
- University of California, Merced, Departments of Psychological Sciences and Cognitive and Information Sciences, Merced, California, United States
| | - Kenneth Brady
- Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Joshua Brake
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, Claremont, California, United States
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- University of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Padua, Italy
| | - Erin M. Buckley
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Stefan A. Carp
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle R. Cowdrick
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Chuo University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Devor
- Boston University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Washington University in St. Louis, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Lauren L. Emberson
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sergio Fantini
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maria Angela Franceschini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jonas B. Fischer
- ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Gervain
- University of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Padua, Italy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
| | - Joy Hirsch
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Comparative Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keum-Shik Hong
- Pusan National University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Qingdao University, School of Automation, Institute for Future, Qingdao, China
| | - Roarke Horstmeyer
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jana M. Kainerstorfer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Carnegie Mellon University, Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tiffany S. Ko
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel J. Licht
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Adam Liebert
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Luke
- Macquarie University, Department of Linguistics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie University Hearing, Australia Hearing Hub, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Lynch
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jaume Mesquida
- Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Critical Care Department, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noman Naseer
- Air University, Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sergio L. Novi
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Thomas D. O’Sullivan
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Electrical Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Columbia University, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behaviour Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - Luca Pollonini
- University of Houston, Department of Engineering Technology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Federal University of ABC, Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- National Research Council (CNR), IFN – Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Milan, Italy
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, New York, United States
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Keith St. Lawrence
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), IFN – Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Milan, Italy
| | - Tara Urner
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Xu
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Changhuei Yang
- California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Meryem A. Yücel
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
- China Jiliang University, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Lanka P, Yang L, Orive-Miguel D, Veesa JD, Tagliabue S, Sudakou A, Samaei S, Forcione M, Kovacsova Z, Behera A, Gladytz T, Grosenick D, Hervé L, Durduran T, Bejm K, Morawiec M, Kacprzak M, Sawosz P, Gerega A, Liebert A, Belli A, Tachtsidis I, Lange F, Bale G, Baratelli L, Gioux S, Alexander K, Wolf M, Sekar SKV, Zanoletti M, Pirovano I, Lacerenza M, Qiu L, Ferocino E, Maffeis G, Amendola C, Colombo L, Frabasile L, Levoni P, Buttafava M, Renna M, Di Sieno L, Re R, Farina A, Spinelli L, Dalla Mora A, Contini D, Taroni P, Tosi A, Torricelli A, Dehghani H, Wabnitz H, Pifferi A. Multi-laboratory performance assessment of diffuse optics instruments: the BitMap exercise. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:JBO-210373SSR. [PMID: 35701869 PMCID: PMC9199954 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.074716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Multi-laboratory initiatives are essential in performance assessment and standardization-crucial for bringing biophotonics to mature clinical use-to establish protocols and develop reference tissue phantoms that all will allow universal instrument comparison. AIM The largest multi-laboratory comparison of performance assessment in near-infrared diffuse optics is presented, involving 28 instruments and 12 institutions on a total of eight experiments based on three consolidated protocols (BIP, MEDPHOT, and NEUROPT) as implemented on three kits of tissue phantoms. A total of 20 synthetic indicators were extracted from the dataset, some of them defined here anew. APPROACH The exercise stems from the Innovative Training Network BitMap funded by the European Commission and expanded to include other European laboratories. A large variety of diffuse optics instruments were considered, based on different approaches (time domain/frequency domain/continuous wave), at various stages of maturity and designed for different applications (e.g., oximetry, spectroscopy, and imaging). RESULTS This study highlights a substantial difference in hardware performances (e.g., nine decades in responsivity, four decades in dark count rate, and one decade in temporal resolution). Agreement in the estimates of homogeneous optical properties was within 12% of the median value for half of the systems, with a temporal stability of <5 % over 1 h, and day-to-day reproducibility of <3 % . Other tests encompassed linearity, crosstalk, uncertainty, and detection of optical inhomogeneities. CONCLUSIONS This extensive multi-laboratory exercise provides a detailed assessment of near-infrared Diffuse optical instruments and can be used for reference grading. The dataset-available soon in an open data repository-can be evaluated in multiple ways, for instance, to compare different analysis tools or study the impact of hardware implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Lanka
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Address all correspondence to Pranav Lanka, ; Heidrun Wabnitz,
| | - Lin Yang
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Joshua Deepak Veesa
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aleh Sudakou
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saeed Samaei
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mario Forcione
- University Hospitals Birmingham, National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzana Kovacsova
- UCL, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anurag Behera
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas Gladytz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Grosenick
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lionel Hervé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Turgut Durduran
- The Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO), Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Karolina Bejm
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Morawiec
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kacprzak
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sawosz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gerega
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Belli
- University Hospitals Birmingham, National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- UCL, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Lange
- UCL, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Bale
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering and Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Baratelli
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kalyanov Alexander
- University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marta Zanoletti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Ileana Pirovano
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lina Qiu
- South China Normal University, School of Software, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Giulia Maffeis
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Levoni
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Renna
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Taroni
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Hamid Dehghani
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
- Address all correspondence to Pranav Lanka, ; Heidrun Wabnitz,
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
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13
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Zhao F, Levoni P, Frabasile L, Qi H, Lacerenza M, Lanka P, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Cubeddu R, Spinelli L. Reproducibility of identical solid phantoms. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:074713. [PMID: 35112513 PMCID: PMC8809200 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.074713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Tissue-like solid phantoms with identical optical properties, known within tolerant uncertainty, are of crucial importance in diffuse optics for instrumentation assessment, interlaboratory comparison studies, industrial standards, and multicentric clinical trials. AIM The reproducibility in fabrication of homogeneous solid phantoms is focused based on spectra measurements by instrument comparisons grounded on the time-resolved diffuse optics. APPROACH Epoxy-resin and silicone phantoms are considered as matrices and both employ three different instruments for time-resolved diffuse spectroscopy within the spectral range of 540 to 1100 nm. In particular, we fabricated two batches of five phantoms each in epoxy resin and silicone. Then, we evaluated the intra- and interbatch variability with respect to the instrument precision, by considering the coefficient of variation (CV) of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients. RESULTS We observed a similar precision for the three instruments, within 2% for repeated measurements on the same phantom. For epoxy-resin phantoms, the intra- and the interbatch variability reached the instrument precision limit, demonstrating a very good phantom reproducibility. For the silicone phantoms, we observed larger values for intra- and interbatch variability. In particular, at worst, for reduced scattering coefficient interbatch CV was about 5%. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the fabrication of solid phantoms, especially considering epoxy-resin matrix, is highly reproducible, even if they come from different batch fabrications and are measured using different instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhao
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin, China
| | - Pietro Levoni
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Hong Qi
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin, China
| | | | - Pranav Lanka
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Instituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Instituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Instituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano, Italy
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14
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Samaei S, Colombo L, Borycki D, Pagliazzi M, Durduran T, Sawosz P, Wojtkiewicz S, Contini D, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Liebert A. Performance assessment of laser sources for time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:5351-5367. [PMID: 34692187 PMCID: PMC8515963 DOI: 10.1364/boe.432363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) is an emerging optical technique that enables noninvasive measurement of microvascular blood flow with photon path-length resolution. In TD-DCS, a picosecond pulsed laser with a long coherence length, adequate illumination power, and narrow instrument response function (IRF) is required, and satisfying all these features is challenging. To this purpose, in this study we characterized the performance of three different laser sources for TD-DCS. First, the sources were evaluated based on their emission spectrum and IRF. Then, we compared the signal-to-noise ratio and the sensitivity to velocity changes of scattering particles in a series of phantom measurements. We also compared the results for in vivo measurements, performing an arterial occlusion protocol on the forearm of three adult subjects. Overall, each laser has the potential to be successfully used both for laboratory and clinical applications. However, we found that the effects caused by the IRF are more significant than the effect of a limited temporal coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samaei
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dawid Borycki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Skierniewicka 10A, 01-230 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Pagliazzi
- ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Piotr Sawosz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Wojtkiewicz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Re R, Messenio D, Marano G, Spinelli L, Pirovano I, Contini D, Colombo R, Boracchi P, Biganzoli E, Cubeddu R, Torricelli A. Monitoring the haemodynamic response to visual stimulation in glaucoma patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13567. [PMID: 34193904 PMCID: PMC8245402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we used time-domain functional near infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) to evaluate the haemodynamic response function (HRF) in the occipital cortex following visual stimulation in glaucomatous eyes as compared to healthy eyes. A total of 98 subjects were enrolled in the study and clinically classified as healthy subjects, glaucoma patients (primary open-angle glaucoma) and mixed subjects (i.e. with a different classification for the two eyes). After quality check data were used from HRF of 73 healthy and 62 glaucomatous eyes. The amplitudes of the oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentrations, together with their latencies with respect to the stimulus onset, were estimated by fitting their time course with a canonical HRF. Statistical analysis showed that the amplitudes of both haemodynamic parameters show a significant association with the pathology and a significant discriminating ability, while no significant result was found for latencies. Overall, our findings together with the ease of use and noninvasiveness of TD-NIRS, make this technique a promising candidate as a supporting tool for a better evaluation of the glaucoma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - D Messenio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Eye Clinic, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Marano
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - L Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - I Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - D Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - R Colombo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Eye Clinic, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - E Biganzoli
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy.,Unità di Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - R Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
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16
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Amendola C, Lacerenza M, Pirovano I, Contini D, Spinelli L, Cubeddu R, Torricelli A, Re R. Optical characterization of 3D printed PLA and ABS filaments for diffuse optics applications. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253181. [PMID: 34133454 PMCID: PMC8208549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in the field of Diffuse Optics (DO) is rapidly increasing. The most widespread FDM materials are polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), thanks to their low cost and easiness-to-print. This is why, in this study, 3D printed samples of PLA and ABS materials were optically characterized in the range from the UV up to the IR wavelengths, in order to test their possible employment for probe construction in DO applications. To this purpose, measurements with Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy techniques were considered. The results obtained show how the material employed for probe construction can negatively affect the quality of DO measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Amendola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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17
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Amendola C, Spinelli L, Contini D, Carli AD, Martinelli C, Fumagalli M, Torricelli A. Accuracy of homogeneous models for photon diffusion in estimating neonatal cerebral hemodynamics by TD-NIRS. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:1905-1921. [PMID: 33996206 PMCID: PMC8086468 DOI: 10.1364/boe.417357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the accuracy of homogenous (semi-infinite, spherical) photon diffusion models in estimating absolute hemodynamic parameters of the neonatal brain in realistic scenarios (ischemia, hyperoxygenation, and hypoventilation) from 1.5 cm interfiber distance TD NIRS measurements. Time-point-spread-functions in 29- and 44-weeks postmenstrual age head meshes were simulated by the Monte Carlo method, convoluted with a real instrument response function, and then fitted with photon diffusion models. The results show good accuracy in retrieving brain oxygen saturation, and severe underestimation of total cerebral hemoglobin, suggesting the need for more complex models of analysis or of larger interfiber distances to precisely monitor all hemodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese De Carli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Martinelli
- University of Milan - Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan - Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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18
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Pagliazzi M, Colombo L, Vidal-Rosas EE, Dragojević T, Parfentyeva V, Culver JP, Konugolu Venkata Sekar S, Di Sieno L, Contini D, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Dalla Mora A, Durduran T. Time resolved speckle contrast optical spectroscopy at quasi-null source-detector separation for non-invasive measurement of microvascular blood flow. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:1499-1511. [PMID: 33796368 PMCID: PMC7984782 DOI: 10.1364/boe.418882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Time (or path length) resolved speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (TD-SCOS) at quasi-null (2.85 mm) source-detector separation was developed and demonstrated. The method was illustrated by in vivo studies on the forearm muscle of an adult subject. The results have shown that selecting longer photon path lengths results in higher hyperemic blood flow change and a faster return to baseline by a factor of two after arterial cuff occlusion when compared to SCOS without time resolution. This indicates higher sensitivity to the deeper muscle tissue. In the long run, this approach may allow the use of simpler and cheaper detector arrays compared to time resolved diffuse correlation spectroscopy that are based on readily available technologies. Hence, TD-SCOS may increase the performance and decrease cost of devices for continuous non-invasive, deep tissue blood flow monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pagliazzi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ernesto E. Vidal-Rosas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanja Dragojević
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronika Parfentyeva
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Amendola C, Lacerenza M, Buttafava M, Tosi A, Spinelli L, Contini D, Torricelli A. A Compact Multi-Distance DCS and Time Domain NIRS Hybrid System for Hemodynamic and Metabolic Measurements. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21030870. [PMID: 33525488 PMCID: PMC7866011 DOI: 10.3390/s21030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new multi-distance diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) device integrated with a compact state-of-the-art time domain near infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) device. The hybrid DCS and TD-NIRS system allows to retrieve information on blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and oxygen metabolic rate. The DCS device performances were estimated in terms of stability, repeatability, ability in retrieving variations of diffusion coefficient, influence of the tissue optical properties, effect of varying count rates and depth sensitivity. Crosstalk between DCS and TD-NIRS optical signals was also evaluated. Finally, in vivo experiments (venous and arterial cuff occlusions on the arm) were conducted to test the ability of the hybrid system in measuring blood flow variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Amendola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Michele Lacerenza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (A.T.)
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20
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Di Sieno L, Ferocino E, Conca E, Sesta V, Buttafava M, Villa F, Zappa F, Contini D, Torricelli A, Taroni P, Tosi A, Pifferi A, Dalla Mora A. Time-domain diffuse optics with 8.6 mm 2 fast-gated SiPM for extreme light harvesting. Opt Lett 2021; 46:424-427. [PMID: 33449045 DOI: 10.1364/ol.413577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast time-gated single-photon detectors demonstrated high depth sensitivity in the detection of localized absorption perturbations inside scattering media, but their use for in vivo clinical applications-such as functional imaging of brain activation-was impaired by their small (<0.04mm2) active area. Here, we demonstrate, both on phantoms and in vivo, the performance of a fast-gated digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) that features an overall active area of 8.6mm2, overcoming the photon collection capability of established time-gated single-pixel detectors by orders of magnitude, enabling deep investigations within scattering media and high signal-to-noise ratios at late photon arrival times.
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21
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Yücel MA, Lühmann AV, Scholkmann F, Gervain J, Dan I, Ayaz H, Boas D, Cooper RJ, Culver J, Elwell CE, Eggebrecht A, Franceschini MA, Grova C, Homae F, Lesage F, Obrig H, Tachtsidis I, Tak S, Tong Y, Torricelli A, Wabnitz H, Wolf M. Errata: Best practices for fNIRS publications. Neurophotonics 2021; 8:019802. [PMID: 33575435 PMCID: PMC7868645 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.019802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.8.1.012101.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem A Yücel
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alexander V Lühmann
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judit Gervain
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
- Università di Padova, Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Padua, Italy
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Chuo University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, Drexel Solutions Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Family and Community Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David Boas
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert J Cooper
- University College London, DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Culver
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Clare E Elwell
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Eggebrecht
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Maria A Franceschini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christophe Grova
- Concordia University, Department of Physics and PERFORM Centre, Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department Electrical Engineering, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- University Hospital Leipzig, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Tak
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Ochang, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Yücel MA, Lühmann AV, Scholkmann F, Gervain J, Dan I, Ayaz H, Boas D, Cooper RJ, Culver J, Elwell CE, Eggebrecht A, Franceschini MA, Grova C, Homae F, Lesage F, Obrig H, Tachtsidis I, Tak S, Tong Y, Torricelli A, Wabnitz H, Wolf M. Best practices for fNIRS publications. Neurophotonics 2021; 8:012101. [PMID: 33442557 PMCID: PMC7793571 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the neurosciences has been expanding over the last 40 years. Today, it is addressing a wide range of applications within different populations and utilizes a great variety of experimental paradigms. With the rapid growth and the diversification of research methods, some inconsistencies are appearing in the way in which methods are presented, which can make the interpretation and replication of studies unnecessarily challenging. The Society for Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy has thus been motivated to organize a representative (but not exhaustive) group of leaders in the field to build a consensus on the best practices for describing the methods utilized in fNIRS studies. Our paper has been designed to provide guidelines to help enhance the reliability, repeatability, and traceability of reported fNIRS studies and encourage best practices throughout the community. A checklist is provided to guide authors in the preparation of their manuscripts and to assist reviewers when evaluating fNIRS papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem A. Yücel
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Meryem A. Yücel,
| | - Alexander v. Lühmann
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judit Gervain
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
- Università di Padova, Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Padua, Italy
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Chuo University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, Drexel Solutions Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Family and Community Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David Boas
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- University College London, DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Culver
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Clare E. Elwell
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Eggebrecht
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Maria A. Franceschini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christophe Grova
- Concordia University, Department of Physics and PERFORM Centre, Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department Electrical Engineering, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- University Hospital Leipzig, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Tak
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Ochang, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Lacerenza M, Spinelli L, Buttafava M, Dalla Mora A, Zappa F, Pifferi A, Tosi A, Cozzi B, Torricelli A, Contini D. Monitoring the motor cortex hemodynamic response function in freely moving walking subjects: a time-domain fNIRS pilot study. Neurophotonics 2021; 8:015006. [PMID: 33628861 PMCID: PMC7899043 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: This study is a preliminary step toward the identification of a noninvasive and reliable tool for monitoring the presence and progress of gaiting dysfunctions. Aim: We present the results of a pilot study for monitoring the motor cortex hemodynamic response function (HRF) in freely walking subjects, with time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD fNIRS). Approach: A compact and wearable single-channel TD fNIRS oximeter was employed. The lower limb motor cortex area of three healthy subjects was monitored while performing two different freely moving gaiting tasks: forward and backward walking. Results: The time course of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin was measured during the different walking tasks. Brain motor cortex hemodynamic activations have been analyzed throughout an adaptive HRF fitting procedure, showing a greater involvement of motor area in the backward walking task. By comparison with the HRF obtained in a finger-tapping task performed in a still condition, we excluded any effect of motion artifacts in the gaiting tasks. Conclusions: For the first time to our knowledge, the hemodynamic motor cortex response was measured by TD fNIRS during natural, freely walking exercises. The cortical response during forward and backward walking shows differences, possibly related to the diverse involvement of the motor cortex in the two types of gaiting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Franco Zappa
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
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Pirovano I, Porcelli S, Re R, Spinelli L, Contini D, Marzorati M, Torricelli A. Effect of adipose tissue thickness and tissue optical properties on the differential pathlength factor estimation for NIRS studies on human skeletal muscle. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:571-587. [PMID: 33659090 PMCID: PMC7899498 DOI: 10.1364/boe.412447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantitative and systematic investigation of the differential pathlength factor (DPF) behavior for skeletal muscles and its dependence on different factors, such as the subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (ATT), the variations of the tissue absorption (µa ) and reduced scattering (µ's ) coefficients, and the source-detector distance. A time domain (TD) NIRS simulation study is performed in a two-layer geometry mimicking a human skeletal muscle with an overlying adipose tissue layer. The DPF decreases when µa increases, while it increases when µ's increases. Moreover, a positive correlation between DPF and ATT is found. These results are supported by an in-vivo TD NIRS study on vastus lateralis and biceps brachii muscles of eleven subjects at rest, showing a high inter-subject and inter-muscle variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Porcelli
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Marzorati
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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25
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Scano A, Pirovano I, Manunza ME, Spinelli L, Contini D, Torricelli A, Re R. Sustained fatigue assessment during isometric exercises with time-domain near infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography signals. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:7357-7375. [PMID: 33409002 PMCID: PMC7747893 DOI: 10.1364/boe.403976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sustained fatigue during an upper limb isometric exercise is presented to investigate a group of healthy subjects with simultaneous time-domain (TD) NIRS and surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings on the deltoid lateralis muscle. The aim of the work was to understand which TD-NIRS parameters can be used as descriptors for sustained muscular fatigue, focusing on the slow phase of this process and using median frequency (MF) computed from sEMG as gold standard measure. It was found that oxygen saturation and deoxy-hemoglobin are slightly better descriptors of sustained fatigue, than oxy-hemoglobin, since they showed a higher correlation with MF, while total-hemoglobin correlation with MF was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Scano
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato (STIIMA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Previati 1/E Lecco, Italy e Via Alfonso Corti 12, Milan, Italy
| | - I. Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - M. E. Manunza
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato (STIIMA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Previati 1/E Lecco, Italy e Via Alfonso Corti 12, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
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26
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Di Sieno L, Behera A, Rohilla S, Ferocino E, Contini D, Torricelli A, Krämer B, Koberling F, Pifferi A, Mora AD. Probe-hosted large area silicon photomultiplier and high-throughput timing electronics for enhanced performance time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:6389-6412. [PMID: 33282497 PMCID: PMC7687960 DOI: 10.1364/boe.400868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two main bottlenecks prevent time-domain diffuse optics instruments to reach their maximum performances, namely the limited light harvesting capability of the detection chain and the bounded data throughput of the timing electronics. In this work, for the first time to our knowledge, we overcome both those limitations using a probe-hosted large area silicon photomultiplier detector coupled to high-throughput timing electronics. The system performances were assessed based on international protocols for diffuse optical imagers showing better figures with respect to a state-of-the-art device. As a first step towards applications, proof-of-principle in-vivo brain activation measurements demonstrated superior signal-to-noise ratio as compared to current technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Behera
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S. Rohilla
- PicoQuant Innovation GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Ferocino
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D. Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - B. Krämer
- PicoQuant GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Koberling
- PicoQuant GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Lacerenza M, Buttafava M, Renna M, Mora AD, Spinelli L, Zappa F, Pifferi A, Torricelli A, Tosi A, Contini D. Wearable and wireless time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy system for brain and muscle hemodynamic monitoring. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:5934-5949. [PMID: 33149997 PMCID: PMC7587270 DOI: 10.1364/boe.403327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a wearable time-domain near infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) system (two wavelengths, one detection channel), which fits in a backpack and performs real-time hemodynamic measurements on the brain and muscle tissues of freely moving subjects. It can provide concentration values of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), total hemoglobin (tHb = O2Hb + HHb) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). The system is battery-operated and can be wirelessly controlled. By following established characterization protocols for performance assessment of diffuse optics instruments, we achieved results comparable with state-of-the-art research-grade TD-NIRS systems. We also performed in-vivo measurements such as finger tapping (motor cortex monitoring), breath holding (prefrontal cortex monitoring and forearm muscle monitoring), and outdoor bike riding (vastus lateralis muscle monitoring), in order to test the system capabilities in evaluating both muscle and brain hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Renna
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Zappa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Giovannella M, Andresen B, Andersen JB, El-Mahdaoui S, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Greisen G, Durduran T, Weigel UM, Law I. Validation of diffuse correlation spectroscopy against 15O-water PET for regional cerebral blood flow measurement in neonatal piglets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2055-2065. [PMID: 31665953 PMCID: PMC7786848 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19883751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) can non-invasively and continuously asses regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at the cot-side by measuring a blood flow index (BFI) in non-traditional units of cm2/s. We have validated DCS against positron emission tomography using 15O-labeled water (15O-water PET) in a piglet model allowing us to derive a conversion formula for BFI to rCBF in conventional units (ml/100g/min). Neonatal piglets were continuously monitored by the BabyLux device integrating DCS and time resolved near infrared spectroscopy (TRS) while acquiring 15O-water PET scans at baseline, after injection of acetazolamide and during induced hypoxic episodes. BFI by DCS was highly correlated with rCBF (R = 0.94, p < 0.001) by PET. A scaling factor of 0.89 (limits of agreement for individual measurement: 0.56, 1.39)×109× (ml/100g/min)/(cm2/s) was used to derive baseline rCBF from baseline BFI measurements of another group of piglets and of healthy newborn infants showing an agreement with expected values. These results pave the way towards non-invasive, cot-side absolute CBF measurements by DCS on neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giovannella
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Bjørn Andresen
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie B Andersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital -Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sahla El-Mahdaoui
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Udo M Weigel
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital -Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wabnitz H, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Liebert A. Depth-selective data analysis for time-domain fNIRS: moments vs. time windows. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:4224-4243. [PMID: 32923038 PMCID: PMC7449728 DOI: 10.1364/boe.396585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-domain measurements facilitate the elimination of the influence of extracerebral, systemic effects, a key problem in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of the adult human brain. The analysis of measured time-of-flight distributions of photons often relies on moments or time windows. However, a systematic and quantitative characterization of the performance of these measurands is still lacking. Based on perturbation simulations for small localized absorption changes, we compared spatial sensitivity profiles and depth selectivity for moments (integral, mean time of flight and variance), photon counts in time windows and their ratios for different time windows. The influence of the instrument response function (IRF) was investigated for all measurands and for various source-detector separations. Variance exhibits the highest depth selectivity among the moments. Ratios of photon counts in different late time windows can achieve even higher selectivity. An advantage of moments is their robustness against the shape of the IRF and instrumental drifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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Pirovano I, Re R, Candeo A, Contini D, Torricelli A, Spinelli L. Instrument response function acquisition in reflectance geometry for time-resolved diffuse optical measurements. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:240-250. [PMID: 32010513 PMCID: PMC6968769 DOI: 10.1364/boe.380996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy, the simultaneous acquisition of the time-of-flight distribution (DTOF) of photons traveling in a diffusive medium and of the instrument response function (IRF) is necessary to perform quantitative measurements of optical properties (absorption and reduced scattering coefficients) while taking into account the non-idealities of a real system (e.g. temporal resolution and time delays). The IRF acquisition can be a non-trivial and time-consuming operation that requires directly facing the injection and collection fibers. Since this operation is not always possible, a new IRF measurement scheme is here proposed where the IRF is acquired in reflectance geometry from a corrugate reflective surface. Validation measurements on a set of reference homogenous phantoms have been performed, resulting in an error in the optical properties estimation lower than 10% with respect to the typical IRF configuration. Thus, the proposed method proved to be a reliable approach that after a preliminary calibration can be exploited in a laboratory and clinical set-ups, leading to faster and more accurate measurements and reducing the operator-dependent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Pirovano
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Candeo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facility Council (STFC), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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De Carli A, Andresen B, Giovannella M, Durduran T, Contini D, Spinelli L, Weigel UM, Passera S, Pesenti N, Mosca F, Torricelli A, Fumagalli M, Greisen G. Cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in term infants during postnatal transition: BabyLux project. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2019; 104:F648-F653. [PMID: 31085677 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A new device that combines, for the first time, two photonic technologies (time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy) was provided and tested within the BabyLux project. Aim was to validate the expected changes in cerebral oxygenation and blood flow. METHODS A pulse oximeter and the BabyLux device were held in place (right hand/wrist and frontoparietal region, respectively) for 10 min after birth in healthy term infants delivered by elective caesarean section. Pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2), cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and blood flow index (BFI) were measured over time. Tissue oxygen extraction (TOE) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen index (CMRO2I) were calculated. RESULTS Thirty infants were enrolled in two centres. After validity check of data, 23% of infants were excluded from TOE and CMRO2I calculation due to missing data. As expected, SpO2 (estimate 3.05 %/min; 95% CI 2.78 to 3.31 %/min) and StO2 (estimate 3.95 %/min; 95% CI 3.63 to 4.27 %/min) increased in the first 10 min after birth, whereas BFI (estimate -2.84×10-9 cm2/s/min; 95% CI -2.50×10-9 to -3.24×10-9 cm2/s/min) and TOE (estimate -0.78 %/min; 95% CI -1.12 to -0.45 %/min) decreased. Surprisingly, CMRO2I decreased (estimate -7.94×10-8/min; 95% CI -6.26×10-8 to -9.62×10-8/min). CONCLUSIONS Brain oxygenation and BFI during transition were successfully and simultaneously obtained by the BabyLux device; no adverse effects were recorded, and the BabyLux device did not limit the standard care. The preliminary results from clinical application of the BabyLux device are encouraging in terms of safety and feasibility; they are consistent with previous reports on brain oxygenation during transition, although the interpretation of the decreasing CMRO2I remains open. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02815618.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese De Carli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Björn Andresen
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martina Giovannella
- ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sofia Passera
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Pesenti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan - Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan - Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Colombo L, Pagliazzi M, Sekar SKV, Contini D, Mora AD, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Durduran T, Pifferi A. Effects of the instrument response function and the gate width in time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy: model and validations. Neurophotonics 2019; 6:035001. [PMID: 31312668 PMCID: PMC6624407 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.3.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) is an emerging noninvasive optical technique with the potential to resolve blood flow (BF) and optical coefficients (reduced scattering and absorption) in depth. Here, we study the effects of finite temporal resolution and gate width in a realistic TD-DCS experiment. We provide a model for retrieving the BF from gated intensity autocorrelations based on the instrument response function, which allows for the use of broad time gates. This, in turn, enables a higher signal-to-noise ratio that is critical for in vivo applications. In numerical simulations, the use of the proposed model reduces the error in the estimated late gate BF from 34% to 3%. Simulations are also performed for a wide set of optical properties and source–detector separations. In a homogeneous phantom experiment, the discrepancy between later gates BF index and ungated BF index is reduced from 37% to 2%. This work not only provides a tool for data analysis but also physical insights, which can be useful for studying and optimizing the system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Colombo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Address all correspondence to Lorenzo Colombo, E-mail:
| | - Marco Pagliazzi
- ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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Giovannella M, Spinelli L, Pagliazzi M, Contini D, Greisen G, Weigel UM, Torricelli A, Durduran T. Accuracy and precision of tissue optical properties and hemodynamic parameters estimated by the BabyLux device: a hybrid time-resolved near-infrared and diffuse correlation spectroscopy neuro-monitor. Biomed Opt Express 2019; 10:2556-2579. [PMID: 31149383 PMCID: PMC6524603 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the accuracy and precision of "the BabyLux device", a hybrid time-resolved near-infrared (TRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) neuro-monitor for the pre-term infant. Numerical data with realistic noise were simulated and analyzed using the BabyLux device as a reference system and different experimental and analysis parameters. The results describe the limits for the precision and the accuracy to be expected. The dependence of these limits on different experimental conditions and choices of the analysis method is also described. Experiments demonstrate comparable values for precision with respect to the simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giovannella
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan,
Italy
| | - Marco Pagliazzi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan,
Italy
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Udo M. Weigel
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan,
Italy
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan,
Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona,
Spain
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Giovannella M, Contini D, Pagliazzi M, Pifferi A, Spinelli L, Erdmann R, Donat R, Rocchetti I, Rehberger M, König N, Schmitt R, Torricelli A, Durduran T, Weigel UM. BabyLux device: a diffuse optical system integrating diffuse correlation spectroscopy and time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy for the neuromonitoring of the premature newborn brain. Neurophotonics 2019; 6:025007. [PMID: 31093515 PMCID: PMC6509945 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.2.025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The BabyLux device is a hybrid diffuse optical neuromonitor that has been developed and built to be employed in neonatal intensive care unit for the noninvasive, cot-side monitoring of microvascular cerebral blood flow and blood oxygenation. It integrates time-resolved near-infrared and diffuse correlation spectroscopies in a user-friendly device as a prototype for a future medical grade device. We present a thorough characterization of the device performance using test measurements in laboratory settings. Tests on solid phantoms report an accuracy of optical property estimation of about 10%, which is expected when using the photon diffusion equation as the model. The measurement of the optical and dynamic properties is stable during several hours of measurements within 3% of the average value. In addition, these measurements are repeatable between different days of measurement, showing a maximal variation of 5% in the optical properties and 8% for the particle diffusion coefficient on a liquid phantom. The variability over test/retest evaluation is < 3 % . The integration of the two modalities is robust and without any cross talk between the two. We also perform in vivo measurements on the adult forearm during arterial cuff occlusion to show that the device can measure a wide range of tissue hemodynamic parameters. We suggest that this platform can form the basis of the next-generation neonatal neuromonitors to be developed for extensive, multicenter clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giovannella
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnio di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pagliazzi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnio di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roger Donat
- Loop-Competitive Design Network, Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rocchetti
- Loop-Competitive Design Network, Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Niels König
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Schmitt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), Aachen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnio di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Address all correspondence to Turgut Durduran, E-mail:
| | - Udo M. Weigel
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Castelldefels (Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
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Giacalone G, Zanoletti M, Re R, Germinario B, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Roveri L. Abstract TP81: Time-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.tp81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Germinario
- Dept of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Roveri
- Dept of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Giacalone G, Zanoletti M, Re R, Germinario B, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Roveri L. Time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurophotonics 2019; 6:015003. [PMID: 30796883 PMCID: PMC6365799 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.1.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke might cause different degrees of hemodynamic impairment that affects microcirculation and contributes to metabolic derangement. Time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) estimates the oxygenation of microcirculation of cerebral outer layers. We measure hemoglobin species and tissue oxygen saturation ( StO 2 ) of anterior circulation stroke patients, classified as LVO or lacunar, and assess the differences compared with controls and according to LVO recanalization status. Fiducial markers categorize the brain region below each TD-NIRS probe as ischemic or nonstroke areas. The study includes 47 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients and 35 controls. The ischemic area has significantly higher deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) and total hemoglobin (HbT) compared with controls in both recanalized and nonrecanalized patients but lower StO 2 only in recanalized patients. Recanalized patients have significantly lower mean StO 2 in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with nonrecanalized patients. This is the first study to report TD-NIRS measurements in acute ischemic stroke patients. TD-NIRS is able to detect significant differences in hemoglobin species in LVO stroke compared with controls and according to recanalization status. This preliminary data might suggest that StO 2 can serve as a surrogate functional marker of the metabolic activity of rescued brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giacalone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele “Vita-Salute” University, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Germinario
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Roveri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele “Vita-Salute” University, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
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Chincarini M, Qiu L, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Minero M, Dalla Costa E, Mariscoli M, Ferri N, Giammarco M, Vignola G. Evaluation of Sheep Anticipatory Response to a Food Reward by Means of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2018; 9:ani9010011. [PMID: 30597931 PMCID: PMC6356716 DOI: 10.3390/ani9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anticipatory behaviour to an oncoming food reward can be triggered via classical conditioning, implies the activation of neural networks, and may serve to study the emotional state of animals. This work aimed to investigate how the anticipatory response affects cerebral cortex activity in sheep. Eight ewes were conditioned to associate a neutral auditory stimulus (water bubble) to a food reward (maize grains). Then, sheep were trained to wait 15 s before accessing the food (anticipatory phase). Behavioural reaction and changes in cortical oxy-haemoglobin ([ΔO2Hb]) and deoxy-haemoglobin ([ΔHHb]) concentration were recorded by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). During the anticipatory phase, sheep increased their active behaviour together with a cortical activation (increase of [ΔO2Hb] and a decrease of [ΔHHb]) compared to baseline. Sheep showed a greater response of the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere, possibly indicating frustration. Behavioural and cortical changes observed during anticipation of a food reward reflect a learnt association and an increased arousal, but no clear emotional valence of the sheep subjective experience. Abstract Anticipatory behaviour to an oncoming food reward can be triggered via classical conditioning, implies the activation of neural networks, and may serve to study the emotional state of animals. The aim of this study was to investigate how the anticipatory response to a food reward affects the cerebral cortex activity in sheep. Eight ewes from the same flock were trained to associate a neutral auditory stimulus (water bubble) to the presence of a food reward (maize grains). Once conditioned, sheep were trained to wait 15 s behind a gate before accessing a bucket with food (anticipation phase). For 6 days, sheep were submitted to two sessions of six consecutive trials each. Behavioural reaction was filmed and changes in cortical oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration ([ΔO2Hb] and [ΔHHb] respectively) following neuronal activation were recorded by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Compared to baseline, during the anticipation phase sheep increased their active behaviour, kept the head oriented to the gate (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test; p ≤ 0.001), and showed more asymmetric ear posture (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test; p ≤ 0.01), most likely reflecting a learnt association and an increased arousal. Results of trial-averaged [ΔO2Hb] and [ΔHHb] within individual sheep showed in almost every sheep a cortical activation during the anticipation phase (Student T-test; p ≤ 0.05). The sheep showed a greater response of the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere, possibly indicating a negative affective state, such as frustration. Behavioural and cortical changes observed during anticipation of a food reward reflect a learnt association and an increased arousal, but no clear emotional valence of the sheep subjective experience. Future work should take into consideration possible factors affecting the accurateness of measures, such as probe’s location and scalp vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chincarini
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Località Piano d'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Lina Qiu
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Michela Minero
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Dalla Costa
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimo Mariscoli
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Località Piano d'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Melania Giammarco
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Località Piano d'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Località Piano d'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Ancora D, Qiu L, Zacharakis G, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Pifferi A. Noninvasive optical estimation of CSF thickness for brain-atrophy monitoring. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:4094-4112. [PMID: 30615703 PMCID: PMC6157767 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dementia disorders are increasingly becoming sources of a broad range of problems, strongly interfering with the normal daily tasks of a growing number of individuals. Such neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied with progressive brain atrophy that, at late stages, leads to drastically reduced brain dimensions. Currently, this structural change could be followed with X-ray computed tomography (XCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but they share numerous disadvantages in terms of usability, invasiveness and costs. In this work, we aim to retrieve information concerning the brain-atrophy stage and its evolution, proposing a novel approach based on non-invasive time-resolved near infra-red (tr-NIR) measurements. For this purpose, we created a set of virtual human-head atlases in which we eroded the brain as it would happen in a clinical brain-atrophy progression. These realistic meshes were used to simulate a longitudinal tr-NIR study, investigating the effects of an increased amount of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in the photon diffusion. The analysis of late photons in the time-resolved reflectance curve-obtained via accurate Monte Carlo simulations-exhibited peculiar slope-changes upon CSF layer increase. The visibility of the effect under several measurement conditions suggested good sensitivity to CSF variation, even in the case of real measurement and under different geometrical models. The robustness of the results might promote the technique as a potential indicator of the dementia progression, relying only on fast and non-invasive optical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ancora
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lina Qiu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giannis Zacharakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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Pagliazzi M, Sekar SKV, Di Sieno L, Colombo L, Durduran T, Contini D, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Mora AD. In vivo time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy at quasi-null source-detector separation. Opt Lett 2018; 43:2450-2453. [PMID: 29856401 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate time domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy at quasi-null source-detector separation by using a fast time-gated single-photon avalanche diode without the need of time-tagging electronics. This approach allows for increased photon collection, simplified real-time instrumentation, and reduced probe dimensions. Depth discriminating, quasi-null distance measurement of blood flow in a human subject is presented. We envision the miniaturization and integration of matrices of optical sensors of increased spatial resolution and the enhancement of the contrast of local blood flow changes.
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40
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Qiu L, Cheng H, Torricelli A, Li J. Using a simulation approach to optimize time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy measurement on human head. Neurophotonics 2018; 5:025007. [PMID: 29795775 PMCID: PMC5949562 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.2.025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) has been recently proposed to improve detection of deep blood flow dynamics in a biological tissue, such as human brain. To obtain a high sensitive measurement, several experimental parameters such as the source-detector (SD) distance, gate opening time, and width need to be considered and optimized. We use a simulation approach to optimize these parameters based on Monte Carlo computations using a realistic human head model. Two cortical regions are investigated including the frontal and temporal lobes. SD distance ranging from 0 to 45 mm, gate opening time from 400 to 1000 ps, and gate width from 50 to 3000 ps are considered. The goal is to find out the optimal combinations of these parameters by which the higher contrast measurement on the cortical dynamics can be achieved. The simulations show that with an acceptable input power of light, the combinations of SD distance ranging from 0 to 15 mm, gate opening time at 700 to 800 ps, and gate width of 800 ps are optimal for achieving higher contrast measurement on the cortical dynamics. The simulation approach and results are helpful for the optimization of TD-DCS experimental design focused on brain functional detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Qiu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Huiyi Cheng
- South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, MOE International Laboratory for Optical Information Technologies, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
| | - Jun Li
- South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, MOE International Laboratory for Optical Information Technologies, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
- Address all correspondence to: Jun Li, E-mail:
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Re R, Pirovano I, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A. Time Domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy Device for Monitoring Muscle Oxidative Metabolism: Custom Probe and In Vivo Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18010264. [PMID: 29342097 PMCID: PMC5795927 DOI: 10.3390/s18010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of muscle oxidative metabolism is of interest for monitoring the training status in athletes and the rehabilitation process in patients. Time domain near infrared spectroscopy (TD NIRS) is an optical technique that allows the non-invasive measurement of the hemodynamic parameters in muscular tissue: concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, total hemoglobin content, and tissue oxygen saturation. In this paper, we present a novel TD NIRS medical device for muscle oxidative metabolism. A custom-printed 3D probe, able to host optical elements for signal acquisition from muscle, was develop for TD NIRS in vivo measurements. The system was widely characterized on solid phantoms and during in vivo protocols on healthy subjects. In particular, we tested the in vivo repeatability of the measurements to quantify the error that we can have by repositioning the probe. Furthermore, we considered a series of acquisitions on different muscles that were not yet previously performed with this custom probe: a venous-arterial cuff occlusion of the arm muscle, a cycling exercise, and an isometric contraction of the vastus lateralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ileana Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Pagliazzi M, Sekar SKV, Colombo L, Martinenghi E, Minnema J, Erdmann R, Contini D, Mora AD, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Durduran T. Time domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy with a high coherence pulsed source: in vivo and phantom results. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5311-5325. [PMID: 29188122 PMCID: PMC5695972 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), combined with time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) or frequency domain spectroscopy, aims at path length (i.e. depth) resolved, non-invasive and simultaneous assessment of tissue composition and blood flow. However, while TRS provides a path length resolved data, the standard DCS does not. Recently, a time domain DCS experiment showed path length resolved measurements for improved quantification with respect to classical DCS, but was limited to phantoms and small animal studies. Here, we demonstrate time domain DCS for in vivo studies on the adult forehead and the arm. We achieve path length resolved DCS by means of an actively mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser that allows high coherence pulses, thus enabling adequate signal-to-noise ratio in relatively fast (~1 s) temporal resolution. This work paves the way to the translation of this approach to practical in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pagliazzi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - L. Colombo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Martinenghi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J. Minnema
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - D. Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - T. Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Giacalone G, Zanoletti M, Contini D, Re R, Spinelli L, Roveri L, Torricelli A. Cerebral time domain-NIRS: reproducibility analysis, optical properties, hemoglobin species and tissue oxygen saturation in a cohort of adult subjects. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4987-5000. [PMID: 29188096 PMCID: PMC5695946 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The reproducibility of cerebral time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) has not been investigated so far. Besides, reference intervals of cerebral optical properties, of absolute concentrations of deoxygenated-hemoglobin (HbR), oxygenated-hemoglobin (HbO), total hemoglobin (HbT) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and their variability have not been reported. We have addressed these issues on a sample of 88 adult healthy subjects. TD-NIRS measurements at 690, 785, 830 nm were fitted with the diffusion model for semi-infinite homogenous media. Reproducibility, performed on 3 measurements at 5 minutes intervals, ranges from 1.8 to 6.9% for each of the hemoglobin species. The mean ± SD global values of HbR, HbO, HbT, StO2 are respectively 24 ± 7 μM, 33.3 ± 9.5 μM, 57.4 ± 15.8 μM, 58 ± 4.2%. StO2 displays the narrowest range of variability across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giacalone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- University “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Roveri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- University “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
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44
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Spinelli L, Zucchelli L, Contini D, Caffini M, Mehler J, Fló A, Ferry AL, Filippin L, Macagno F, Cattarossi L, Torricelli A. In vivo measure of neonate brain optical properties and hemodynamic parameters by time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy. Neurophotonics 2017; 4:041414. [PMID: 28840165 PMCID: PMC5561670 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.041414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting a multichannel portable instrument for time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS), we characterized healthy neonates' brains in term of optical properties and hemodynamic parameters. In particular, we assessed the absolute values of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients at two wavelengths, together with oxy-, deoxy- and total hemoglobin concentrations, and the blood oxygen saturation of the neonates' brains. In this study, 33 healthy full-term neonates were tested, obtaining the following median values: 0.28 and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] at 690 and 820 nm, respectively; 5.8 and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] at 690 and 820 nm, respectively; [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]; 72% for [Formula: see text]. In general, the agreement of these values with the sparse existing literature appears not always consistent. These findings demonstrate the first measurements of optical properties of the healthy neonate brain using TD-NIRS and show the need for clarification of optical properties across methods and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Spinelli
- CNR, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
- Address all correspondence to: Lorenzo Spinelli, E-mail:
| | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Caffini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Jacques Mehler
- SISSA, Language, Cognition, and Development Laboratory, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ana Fló
- SISSA, Language, Cognition, and Development Laboratory, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alissa L. Ferry
- SISSA, Language, Cognition, and Development Laboratory, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Filippin
- SISSA, Language, Cognition, and Development Laboratory, Trieste, Italy
- CNRS-EHESS-ENS, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Macagno
- Presidio Ospedaliero Universitario “Santa Maria della Misericordia,” Neonatology Unit, Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattarossi
- Presidio Ospedaliero Universitario “Santa Maria della Misericordia,” Neonatology Unit, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- CNR, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
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45
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Binzoni T, Sassaroli A, Torricelli A, Spinelli L, Farina A, Durduran T, Cavalieri S, Pifferi A, Martelli F. Depth sensitivity of frequency domain optical measurements in diffusive media. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2990-3004. [PMID: 28663921 PMCID: PMC5480444 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The depth sensitivity functions for AC amplitude, phase (PH) and DC intensity signals have been obtained in the frequency domain (where the source amplitude is modulated at radio-frequencies) by making use of analytical solutions of the photon diffusion equation in an infinite slab geometry. Furthermore, solutions for the relative contrast of AC, PH and DC signals when a totally absorbing plane is placed at a fixed depth of the slab have also been obtained. The solutions have been validated by comparisons with gold standard Monte Carlo simulations. The obtained results show that the AC signal, for modulation frequencies < 200 MHz, has a depth sensitivity with similar characteristics to that of the continuous-wave (CW) domain (source modulation frequency of zero). Thus, the depth probed by such a signal can be estimated by using the formula of penetration depth for the CW domain (Sci. Rep.6, 27057 (2016)). However, the PH signal has a different behavior compared to the CW domain, showing a larger depth sensitivity at shallow depths and a less steep relative contrast as a function of depth. These results mark a clear difference in term of depth sensitivity between AC and PH signals, and highlight the complexity of the estimation of the actual depth probed in tissue spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Binzoni
- Département de Neurosciences Fondamentales, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Département de l'Imagerie et des Sciences de l'Information Médicale, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (Barcelona, Spain)
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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46
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Re R, Martinenghi E, Mora AD, Contini D, Pifferi A, Torricelli A. Probe-hosted silicon photomultipliers for time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy: phantom and in vivo tests. Neurophotonics 2016; 3:045004. [PMID: 27752520 PMCID: PMC5061109 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.4.045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a compact probe for time-domain (TD) functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on a fast silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) that can be put directly in contact with the sample without the need of optical fibers for light collection. We directly integrated an avalanche signal amplification stage close to the SiPM, thus reducing the size of the detection channel and optimizing the signal immunity to electromagnetic interferences. The whole detection electronics was placed in a plastic screw holder compatible with the electroencephalography standard cap for measurement on brain or with custom probe holders. The SiPM is inserted into a transparent and insulating resin to avoid the direct contact of the scalp with the 100-V bias voltage. The probe was integrated in an instrument for TD fNIRS spectroscopy. The system was characterized on tissue phantoms in terms of temporal resolution, responsivity, linearity, and capability to detect deep absorption changes. Preliminary in vivo tests on adult volunteers were performed to monitor hemodynamic changes in the arm during a cuff occlusion and in the brain cortex during a motor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Edoardo Martinenghi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
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47
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Pifferi A, Contini D, Mora AD, Farina A, Spinelli L, Torricelli A. New frontiers in time-domain diffuse optics, a review. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:091310. [PMID: 27311627 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The recent developments in time-domain diffuse optics that rely on physical concepts (e.g., time-gating and null distance) and advanced photonic components (e.g., vertical cavity source-emitting laser as light sources, single photon avalanche diode, and silicon photomultipliers as detectors, fast-gating circuits, and time-to-digital converters for acquisition) are focused. This study shows how these tools could lead on one hand to compact and wearable time-domain devices for point-of-care diagnostics down to the consumer level and on the other hand to powerful systems with exceptional depth penetration and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, ItalybIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, ItalybIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
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48
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Re R, Contini D, Zucchelli L, Torricelli A, Spinelli L. Effect of a thin superficial layer on the estimate of hemodynamic changes in a two-layer medium by time domain NIRS. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:264-78. [PMID: 26977338 PMCID: PMC4771447 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to study hemodynamic changes involved in muscular metabolism by means of time domain fNIRS, we need to discriminate in the measured signal contributions coming from different depths. Muscles are, in fact, typically located under other tissues, e.g. skin and fat. In this paper, we study the possibility to exploit a previously proposed method for analyzing time-resolved fNIRS measurements in a two-layer structure with a thin superficial layer. This method is based on the calculation of the time-dependent mean partial pathlengths. We validated it by simulating venous and arterial arm cuff occlusions and then applied it on in vivo measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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49
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Pifferi A, Torricelli A, Cubeddu R, Quarto G, Re R, Sekar SKV, Spinelli L, Farina A, Martelli F, Wabnitz H. Mechanically switchable solid inhomogeneous phantom for performance tests in diffuse imaging and spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt 2015. [PMID: 26220211 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.121304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically switchable solid inhomogeneous phantom simulating localized absorption changes was developed and characterized. The homogeneous host phantom was made of epoxy resin with black toner and titanium dioxide particles added as absorbing and scattering components, respectively. A cylindrical rod, movable along a hole in the block and made of the same material, has a black polyvinyl chloride cylinder embedded in its center. By varying the volume and position of the black inclusion, absorption perturbations can be generated over a large range of magnitudes. The phantom has been characterized by various time-domain diffuse optics instruments in terms of absorption and scattering spectra, transmittance images, and reflectance contrast. Addressing a major application of the phantom for performance characterization for functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain, the contrast was measured in reflectance mode while black cylinders of volumes from ≈20 mm3 to ≈270 mm3 were moved in lateral and depth directions, respectively. The new type of solid inhomogeneous phantom is expected to become a useful tool for routine quality check of clinical instruments or implementation of industrial standards provided an experimental characterization of the phantom is performed in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, ItalybIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Quarto
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Sanathana K V Sekar
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, Berlin 10587, Germany
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50
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Farina A, Torricelli A, Bargigia I, Spinelli L, Cubeddu R, Foschum F, Jäger M, Simon E, Fugger O, Kienle A, Martelli F, Di Ninni P, Zaccanti G, Milej D, Sawosz P, Kacprzak M, Liebert A, Pifferi A. In-vivo multilaboratory investigation of the optical properties of the human head. Biomed Opt Express 2015. [PMID: 26203385 PMCID: PMC4505713 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The in-vivo optical properties of the human head are investigated in the 600-1100 nm range on different subjects using continuous wave and time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy. The work was performed in collaboration with different research groups and the different techniques were applied to the same subject. Data analysis was carried out using homogeneous and layered models and final results were also confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. The depth sensitivity of each technique was investigated and related to the probed region of the cerebral tissue. This work, based on different validated instruments, is a contribution to fill the existing gap between the present knowledge and the actual in-vivo values of the head optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farina
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- POLIMI, Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - Ilaria Bargigia
- Center for Nano-Science and Technology @POLIMI, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via G. Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- POLIMI, Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - Florian Foschum
- ILM, Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, D-89081 Ulm,
Germany
| | - Marion Jäger
- ILM, Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, D-89081 Ulm,
Germany
| | - Emanuel Simon
- ILM, Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, D-89081 Ulm,
Germany
| | - Oliver Fugger
- ILM, Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, D-89081 Ulm,
Germany
| | - Alwin Kienle
- ILM, Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, D-89081 Ulm,
Germany
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- UNIFI, Università degli Studi di Firenze - Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone, N. 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Paola Di Ninni
- UNIFI, Università degli Studi di Firenze - Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone, N. 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaccanti
- UNIFI, Università degli Studi di Firenze - Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone, N. 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Daniel Milej
- IBIB, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw,
Poland
| | - Piotr Sawosz
- IBIB, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw,
Poland
| | - Michał Kacprzak
- IBIB, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw,
Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- IBIB, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw,
Poland
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
- POLIMI, Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano,
Italy
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