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Amendola C, Buttafava M, Carteano T, Contini L, Cortese L, Durduran T, Frabasile L, Guadagno CN, Karadeinz U, Lacerenza M, Mesquida J, Parsa S, Re R, Sanoja Garcia D, Konugolu Venkata Sekar S, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Tosi A, Weigel UM, Yaqub MA, Zanoletti M, Contini D. Assessment of power spectral density of microvascular hemodynamics in skeletal muscles at very low and low-frequency via near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopies. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:5994-6015. [PMID: 38021143 PMCID: PMC10659778 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we used a hybrid time domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) device to retrieve hemoglobin and blood flow oscillations of skeletal muscle microvasculature. We focused on very low (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) oscillations (i.e., frequency lower than 0.145 Hz), that are related to myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial activities. We measured power spectral density (PSD) of blood flow and hemoglobin concentration in four muscles (thenar eminence, plantar fascia, sternocleidomastoid and forearm) of 14 healthy volunteers to highlight possible differences in microvascular hemodynamic oscillations. We observed larger PSDs for blood flow compared to hemoglobin concentration, in particular in case of distal muscles (i.e., thenar eminence and plantar fascia). Finally, we compared the PSDs measured on the thenar eminence of healthy subjects with the ones measured on a septic patient in the intensive care unit: lower power in the endothelial-dependent frequency band, and larger power in the myogenic ones were observed in the septic patient, in accordance with previous works based on laser doppler flowmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Cortese
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Nunzia Guadagno
- BioPixS Ltd – Biophotonics Standards, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Cork, Ireland
| | - Umut Karadeinz
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - Jaume Mesquida
- Critical Care Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari. Institut D’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milan, Italy
| | - Udo M. Weigel
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M. Atif Yaqub
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Scano A, Guanziroli E, Brambilla C, Amendola C, Pirovano I, Gasperini G, Molteni F, Spinelli L, Molinari Tosatti L, Rizzo G, Re R, Mastropietro A. A Narrative Review on Multi-Domain Instrumental Approaches to Evaluate Neuromotor Function in Rehabilitation. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2282. [PMID: 37628480 PMCID: PMC10454517 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical scenarios, the use of biomedical sensors, devices and multi-parameter assessments is fundamental to provide a comprehensive portrait of patients' state, in order to adapt and personalize rehabilitation interventions and support clinical decision-making. However, there is a huge gap between the potential of the multidomain techniques available and the limited practical use that is made in the clinical scenario. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art and provides insights into future directions of multi-domain instrumental approaches in the clinical assessment of patients involved in neuromotor rehabilitation. We also summarize the main achievements and challenges of using multi-domain approaches in the assessment of rehabilitation for various neurological disorders affecting motor functions. Our results showed that multi-domain approaches combine information and measurements from different tools and biological signals, such as kinematics, electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and clinical scales, to provide a comprehensive and objective evaluation of patients' state and recovery. This multi-domain approach permits the progress of research in clinical and rehabilitative practice and the understanding of the pathophysiological changes occurring during and after rehabilitation. We discuss the potential benefits and limitations of multi-domain approaches for clinical decision-making, personalized therapy, and prognosis. We conclude by highlighting the need for more standardized methods, validation studies, and the integration of multi-domain approaches in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Scano
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Eleonora Guanziroli
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Via N. Sauro 17, 23845 Costa Masnaga, Italy; (E.G.); (G.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Cristina Brambilla
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Caterina Amendola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Ileana Pirovano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (I.P.); (G.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Giulio Gasperini
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Via N. Sauro 17, 23845 Costa Masnaga, Italy; (E.G.); (G.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Franco Molteni
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Via N. Sauro 17, 23845 Costa Masnaga, Italy; (E.G.); (G.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology (IFN), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Molinari Tosatti
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Giovanna Rizzo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (I.P.); (G.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (R.R.)
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology (IFN), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Mastropietro
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (I.P.); (G.R.); (A.M.)
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Calcagno A, Coelli S, Amendola C, Pirovano I, Re R, Medeiros J, Carvalho P, Madeira H, Bianchi AM. Role of the EEG theta network during software production: a connectivity study. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2023; PP:1-1. [PMID: 37506005 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2023.3299834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Software programming is an acquired evolutionary skill originating from consolidated cognitive functions (i.e., attentive, logical, coordination, mathematic calculation, and language comprehension), but the underlying neurophysiological processes are still not completely known. In the present study, we investigated and compared the brain activities supporting realistic programming, text and code reading tasks, analyzing Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals acquired from 11 experienced programmers. Multichannel spectral analysis and a phase-based effective connectivity study were carried out. Our results highlighted that both realistic programming and reading tasks are supported by modulations of the Theta fronto-parietal network, in which parietal areas behave as sources of information, while frontal areas behave as receivers. Nevertheless, during realistic programming, both an increase in Theta power and changes in network topology emerged, suggesting a task-related adaptation of the supporting network system. This reorganization mainly regarded the parietal area, which assumes a prominent role, increasing its hub functioning and its connectivity in the network in terms of centrality and degree.
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Parfentyeva V, Colombo L, Lanka P, Pagliazzi M, Brodu A, Noordzij N, Kolarczik M, Dalla Mora A, Re R, Contini D, Torricelli A, Durduran T, Pifferi A. Fast time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy with superconducting nanowire single-photon detector: system validation and in vivo results. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11982. [PMID: 37488188 PMCID: PMC10366131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) has been introduced as an advancement of the "classical" continuous wave DCS (CW-DCS) allowing one to not only to measure depth-resolved blood flow index (BFI) but also to extract optical properties of the measured medium without using any additional diffuse optics technique. However, this method is a photon-starved technique, specially when considering only the late photons that are of primary interest which has limited its in vivo application. In this work, we present a TD-DCS system based on a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with a high quantum efficiency, a narrow timing response, and a negligibly low dark count noise. We compared it to the typically used single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector. In addition, this system allowed us to conduct fast in vivo measurements and obtain gated pulsatile BFI on the adult human forehead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Parfentyeva
- Institut de Ciéncies Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Pranav Lanka
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Pagliazzi
- Institut de Ciéncies Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- Institut de Ciéncies Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08015, Spain
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, 20133, Italy
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Amendola C, Contini D, Re R, Spinelli L, Frabasile L, Levoni P, Torricelli A. Robustness of tissue oxygenation estimates by continuous wave space-resolved near infrared spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:075002. [PMID: 37465166 PMCID: PMC10351877 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.7.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance Continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) is widely exploited in clinics to estimate skeletal muscles and brain cortex oxygenation. Spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) is generally implemented in commercial devices. However, SRS suffers from two main limitations: the a priori assumption on the spectral dependence of the reduced scattering coefficient [μs'(λ)] and the modeling of tissue as homogeneous. Aim We studied the accuracy and robustness of SRS NIRS. We investigated the errors in retrieving hemodynamic parameters, in particular tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), when μs'(λ) was varied from expected values, and when layered tissue was considered. Approach We simulated hemodynamic variations mimicking real-life scenarios for skeletal muscles. Simulations were performed by exploiting the analytical solutions of the photon diffusion equation in different geometries: (1) semi-infinite homogeneous medium and constant μs'(λ); (2) semi-infinite homogeneous medium and linear changes in μs'(λ); (3) two-layered media with a superficial thickness s1=5, 7.5, 10 mm and constant μs'(λ). All simulated data were obtained at source-detector distances ρ=35, 40, 45 mm, and analyzed with the SRS approach to derive hemodynamic parameters (concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin concentration, and tissue oxygen saturation, StO2) and their relative error. Results Variations in μs'(λ) affect the estimated StO2 (up to ±10%), especially if changes are different at the two wavelengths. However, the main limitation of the SRS method is the presence of a superficial layer: errors strongly larger than 20% were retrieved for the estimated StO2 when the superficial thickness exceeds 5 mm. Conclusions These results highlight the need for more sophisticated strategies (e.g., the use of multiple short and long distances) to reduce the influence of superficial tissues in retrieving hemodynamic parameters and warn the SRS users to be aware of the intrinsic limitation of this approach, particularly when exploited in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Levoni
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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Re R, Scano A, Tomba A, Pirovano I, Caserta A, Spinelli L, Contini D, Cubeddu R, Panella L, Torricelli A. No Difference in Muscle Basal Oxygenation in a Bedridden Population Pre and Post Rehabilitation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1438:149-152. [PMID: 37845453 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42003-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Long periods of bed rest for elderly population, due to a femur fracture event, can cause a deterioration in the muscular capacity. Therefore, monitoring of the muscle oxidative capacity in this fragile population is necessary to define the muscular oxidative metabolism state before and after a rehabilitation period. The time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) technique enables the absolute values to be calculated for hemodynamic parameters such as oxy- (O2Hb), deoxy- (HHb), total- (tHb) haemoglobin, and tissue oxygen saturation (SO2) of the muscular tissue. In this work, we have characterized vastus lateralis muscle hemodynamics during a baseline period at two different time points: after the surgery (PRE) and after 15 days of rehabilitation (POST). The mean values for the absolute values of the hemodynamic parameters were: O2Hb_PRE = 49.1 ± 14.1 μM; O2Hb_POST = 47.1 ± 13.4 μM; HHb_PRE = 28.3 ± 10.3 μM; HHb_POST = 26.7 ± 9.9 μM; tHb_PRE = 77.3 ± 23.6 μM; tHb_POST = 73.8 ± 21.4 μM; SO2_PRE = 63.9 ± 4.0% and SO2_POST = 64.9 ± 5.6%. The hemodynamic parameters did not show significant differences at both group and single subject level. These results suggest that for this kind of population, the baseline of the hemodynamic parameters is not the best one to consider to assess the rehabilitation progresses in terms of muscular oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Scano
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - A Tomba
- Dipartimento di Riabilitazione, ASST Gaetano Pini CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - I Pirovano
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - A Caserta
- Dipartimento di Riabilitazione, ASST Gaetano Pini CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - L Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - D Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - R Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - L Panella
- Dipartimento di Riabilitazione, ASST Gaetano Pini CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - A Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
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Re R, Pirovano I, Contini D, Amendola C, Contini L, Frabasile L, Levoni P, Torricelli A, Spinelli L. Reliable Fast (20 Hz) Acquisition Rate by a TD fNIRS Device: Brain Resting-State Oscillation Studies. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 23:196. [PMID: 36616792 PMCID: PMC9823873 DOI: 10.3390/s23010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A high power setup for multichannel time-domain (TD) functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements with high efficiency detection system was developed. It was fully characterized based on international performance assessment protocols for diffuse optics instruments, showing an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with respect to previous analogue devices, and allowing acquisition of signals with sampling rate up to 20 Hz and source-detector distance up to 5 cm. A resting-state measurement on the motor cortex of a healthy volunteer was performed with an acquisition rate of 20 Hz at a 4 cm source-detector distance. The power spectrum for the cortical oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Amendola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Frabasile
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Levoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Lanka P, Yang L, Orive-Miguel D, Veesa JD, Tagliabue S, Sudakou A, Samaei S, Forcione M, Kovacsova Z, Behera A, Gladytz T, Grosenick D, Hervé L, Durduran T, Bejm K, Morawiec M, Kacprzak M, Sawosz P, Gerega A, Liebert A, Belli A, Tachtsidis I, Lange F, Bale G, Baratelli L, Gioux S, Alexander K, Wolf M, Sekar SKV, Zanoletti M, Pirovano I, Lacerenza M, Qiu L, Ferocino E, Maffeis G, Amendola C, Colombo L, Frabasile L, Levoni P, Buttafava M, Renna M, Di Sieno L, Re R, Farina A, Spinelli L, Dalla Mora A, Contini D, Taroni P, Tosi A, Torricelli A, Dehghani H, Wabnitz H, Pifferi A. Multi-laboratory performance assessment of diffuse optics instruments: the BitMap exercise. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:JBO-210373SSR. [PMID: 35701869 PMCID: PMC9199954 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.074716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Multi-laboratory initiatives are essential in performance assessment and standardization-crucial for bringing biophotonics to mature clinical use-to establish protocols and develop reference tissue phantoms that all will allow universal instrument comparison. AIM The largest multi-laboratory comparison of performance assessment in near-infrared diffuse optics is presented, involving 28 instruments and 12 institutions on a total of eight experiments based on three consolidated protocols (BIP, MEDPHOT, and NEUROPT) as implemented on three kits of tissue phantoms. A total of 20 synthetic indicators were extracted from the dataset, some of them defined here anew. APPROACH The exercise stems from the Innovative Training Network BitMap funded by the European Commission and expanded to include other European laboratories. A large variety of diffuse optics instruments were considered, based on different approaches (time domain/frequency domain/continuous wave), at various stages of maturity and designed for different applications (e.g., oximetry, spectroscopy, and imaging). RESULTS This study highlights a substantial difference in hardware performances (e.g., nine decades in responsivity, four decades in dark count rate, and one decade in temporal resolution). Agreement in the estimates of homogeneous optical properties was within 12% of the median value for half of the systems, with a temporal stability of <5 % over 1 h, and day-to-day reproducibility of <3 % . Other tests encompassed linearity, crosstalk, uncertainty, and detection of optical inhomogeneities. CONCLUSIONS This extensive multi-laboratory exercise provides a detailed assessment of near-infrared Diffuse optical instruments and can be used for reference grading. The dataset-available soon in an open data repository-can be evaluated in multiple ways, for instance, to compare different analysis tools or study the impact of hardware implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Lanka
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Address all correspondence to Pranav Lanka, ; Heidrun Wabnitz,
| | - Lin Yang
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Joshua Deepak Veesa
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aleh Sudakou
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saeed Samaei
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mario Forcione
- University Hospitals Birmingham, National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzana Kovacsova
- UCL, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anurag Behera
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas Gladytz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Grosenick
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lionel Hervé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Turgut Durduran
- The Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO), Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Karolina Bejm
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Morawiec
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kacprzak
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sawosz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gerega
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Belli
- University Hospitals Birmingham, National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- UCL, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Lange
- UCL, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Bale
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering and Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Baratelli
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kalyanov Alexander
- University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marta Zanoletti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Ileana Pirovano
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lina Qiu
- South China Normal University, School of Software, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Giulia Maffeis
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Levoni
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Renna
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Taroni
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Hamid Dehghani
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
- Address all correspondence to Pranav Lanka, ; Heidrun Wabnitz,
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
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9
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Re R, Messenio D, Marano G, Spinelli L, Pirovano I, Contini D, Colombo R, Boracchi P, Biganzoli E, Cubeddu R, Torricelli A. Monitoring the haemodynamic response to visual stimulation in glaucoma patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13567. [PMID: 34193904 PMCID: PMC8245402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we used time-domain functional near infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) to evaluate the haemodynamic response function (HRF) in the occipital cortex following visual stimulation in glaucomatous eyes as compared to healthy eyes. A total of 98 subjects were enrolled in the study and clinically classified as healthy subjects, glaucoma patients (primary open-angle glaucoma) and mixed subjects (i.e. with a different classification for the two eyes). After quality check data were used from HRF of 73 healthy and 62 glaucomatous eyes. The amplitudes of the oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentrations, together with their latencies with respect to the stimulus onset, were estimated by fitting their time course with a canonical HRF. Statistical analysis showed that the amplitudes of both haemodynamic parameters show a significant association with the pathology and a significant discriminating ability, while no significant result was found for latencies. Overall, our findings together with the ease of use and noninvasiveness of TD-NIRS, make this technique a promising candidate as a supporting tool for a better evaluation of the glaucoma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - D Messenio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Eye Clinic, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Marano
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - L Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - I Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - D Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - R Colombo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Eye Clinic, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - E Biganzoli
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy.,Unità di Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - R Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
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10
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Amendola C, Lacerenza M, Pirovano I, Contini D, Spinelli L, Cubeddu R, Torricelli A, Re R. Optical characterization of 3D printed PLA and ABS filaments for diffuse optics applications. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253181. [PMID: 34133454 PMCID: PMC8208549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in the field of Diffuse Optics (DO) is rapidly increasing. The most widespread FDM materials are polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), thanks to their low cost and easiness-to-print. This is why, in this study, 3D printed samples of PLA and ABS materials were optically characterized in the range from the UV up to the IR wavelengths, in order to test their possible employment for probe construction in DO applications. To this purpose, measurements with Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy techniques were considered. The results obtained show how the material employed for probe construction can negatively affect the quality of DO measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Amendola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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11
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Pirovano I, Porcelli S, Re R, Spinelli L, Contini D, Marzorati M, Torricelli A. Effect of adipose tissue thickness and tissue optical properties on the differential pathlength factor estimation for NIRS studies on human skeletal muscle. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:571-587. [PMID: 33659090 PMCID: PMC7899498 DOI: 10.1364/boe.412447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantitative and systematic investigation of the differential pathlength factor (DPF) behavior for skeletal muscles and its dependence on different factors, such as the subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (ATT), the variations of the tissue absorption (µa ) and reduced scattering (µ's ) coefficients, and the source-detector distance. A time domain (TD) NIRS simulation study is performed in a two-layer geometry mimicking a human skeletal muscle with an overlying adipose tissue layer. The DPF decreases when µa increases, while it increases when µ's increases. Moreover, a positive correlation between DPF and ATT is found. These results are supported by an in-vivo TD NIRS study on vastus lateralis and biceps brachii muscles of eleven subjects at rest, showing a high inter-subject and inter-muscle variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Porcelli
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Marzorati
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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12
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Scano A, Pirovano I, Manunza ME, Spinelli L, Contini D, Torricelli A, Re R. Sustained fatigue assessment during isometric exercises with time-domain near infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography signals. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:7357-7375. [PMID: 33409002 PMCID: PMC7747893 DOI: 10.1364/boe.403976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sustained fatigue during an upper limb isometric exercise is presented to investigate a group of healthy subjects with simultaneous time-domain (TD) NIRS and surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings on the deltoid lateralis muscle. The aim of the work was to understand which TD-NIRS parameters can be used as descriptors for sustained muscular fatigue, focusing on the slow phase of this process and using median frequency (MF) computed from sEMG as gold standard measure. It was found that oxygen saturation and deoxy-hemoglobin are slightly better descriptors of sustained fatigue, than oxy-hemoglobin, since they showed a higher correlation with MF, while total-hemoglobin correlation with MF was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Scano
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato (STIIMA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Previati 1/E Lecco, Italy e Via Alfonso Corti 12, Milan, Italy
| | - I. Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - M. E. Manunza
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato (STIIMA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Previati 1/E Lecco, Italy e Via Alfonso Corti 12, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
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13
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Pirovano I, Re R, Candeo A, Contini D, Torricelli A, Spinelli L. Instrument response function acquisition in reflectance geometry for time-resolved diffuse optical measurements. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:240-250. [PMID: 32010513 PMCID: PMC6968769 DOI: 10.1364/boe.380996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy, the simultaneous acquisition of the time-of-flight distribution (DTOF) of photons traveling in a diffusive medium and of the instrument response function (IRF) is necessary to perform quantitative measurements of optical properties (absorption and reduced scattering coefficients) while taking into account the non-idealities of a real system (e.g. temporal resolution and time delays). The IRF acquisition can be a non-trivial and time-consuming operation that requires directly facing the injection and collection fibers. Since this operation is not always possible, a new IRF measurement scheme is here proposed where the IRF is acquired in reflectance geometry from a corrugate reflective surface. Validation measurements on a set of reference homogenous phantoms have been performed, resulting in an error in the optical properties estimation lower than 10% with respect to the typical IRF configuration. Thus, the proposed method proved to be a reliable approach that after a preliminary calibration can be exploited in a laboratory and clinical set-ups, leading to faster and more accurate measurements and reducing the operator-dependent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Pirovano
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Candeo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facility Council (STFC), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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14
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Giacalone G, Zanoletti M, Re R, Germinario B, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Roveri L. Abstract TP81: Time-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.tp81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Germinario
- Dept of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Roveri
- Dept of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Giacalone G, Zanoletti M, Re R, Germinario B, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Roveri L. Time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurophotonics 2019; 6:015003. [PMID: 30796883 PMCID: PMC6365799 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.1.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke might cause different degrees of hemodynamic impairment that affects microcirculation and contributes to metabolic derangement. Time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) estimates the oxygenation of microcirculation of cerebral outer layers. We measure hemoglobin species and tissue oxygen saturation ( StO 2 ) of anterior circulation stroke patients, classified as LVO or lacunar, and assess the differences compared with controls and according to LVO recanalization status. Fiducial markers categorize the brain region below each TD-NIRS probe as ischemic or nonstroke areas. The study includes 47 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients and 35 controls. The ischemic area has significantly higher deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) and total hemoglobin (HbT) compared with controls in both recanalized and nonrecanalized patients but lower StO 2 only in recanalized patients. Recanalized patients have significantly lower mean StO 2 in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with nonrecanalized patients. This is the first study to report TD-NIRS measurements in acute ischemic stroke patients. TD-NIRS is able to detect significant differences in hemoglobin species in LVO stroke compared with controls and according to recanalization status. This preliminary data might suggest that StO 2 can serve as a surrogate functional marker of the metabolic activity of rescued brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giacalone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele “Vita-Salute” University, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Germinario
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Roveri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele “Vita-Salute” University, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy
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16
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Re R, Pirovano I, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A. Time Domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy Device for Monitoring Muscle Oxidative Metabolism: Custom Probe and In Vivo Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18010264. [PMID: 29342097 PMCID: PMC5795927 DOI: 10.3390/s18010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of muscle oxidative metabolism is of interest for monitoring the training status in athletes and the rehabilitation process in patients. Time domain near infrared spectroscopy (TD NIRS) is an optical technique that allows the non-invasive measurement of the hemodynamic parameters in muscular tissue: concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, total hemoglobin content, and tissue oxygen saturation. In this paper, we present a novel TD NIRS medical device for muscle oxidative metabolism. A custom-printed 3D probe, able to host optical elements for signal acquisition from muscle, was develop for TD NIRS in vivo measurements. The system was widely characterized on solid phantoms and during in vivo protocols on healthy subjects. In particular, we tested the in vivo repeatability of the measurements to quantify the error that we can have by repositioning the probe. Furthermore, we considered a series of acquisitions on different muscles that were not yet previously performed with this custom probe: a venous-arterial cuff occlusion of the arm muscle, a cycling exercise, and an isometric contraction of the vastus lateralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ileana Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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17
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Giacalone G, Zanoletti M, Contini D, Re R, Spinelli L, Roveri L, Torricelli A. Cerebral time domain-NIRS: reproducibility analysis, optical properties, hemoglobin species and tissue oxygen saturation in a cohort of adult subjects. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4987-5000. [PMID: 29188096 PMCID: PMC5695946 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The reproducibility of cerebral time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) has not been investigated so far. Besides, reference intervals of cerebral optical properties, of absolute concentrations of deoxygenated-hemoglobin (HbR), oxygenated-hemoglobin (HbO), total hemoglobin (HbT) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and their variability have not been reported. We have addressed these issues on a sample of 88 adult healthy subjects. TD-NIRS measurements at 690, 785, 830 nm were fitted with the diffusion model for semi-infinite homogenous media. Reproducibility, performed on 3 measurements at 5 minutes intervals, ranges from 1.8 to 6.9% for each of the hemoglobin species. The mean ± SD global values of HbR, HbO, HbT, StO2 are respectively 24 ± 7 μM, 33.3 ± 9.5 μM, 57.4 ± 15.8 μM, 58 ± 4.2%. StO2 displays the narrowest range of variability across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giacalone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- University “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Roveri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- University “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
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18
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Re R, Martinenghi E, Mora AD, Contini D, Pifferi A, Torricelli A. Probe-hosted silicon photomultipliers for time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy: phantom and in vivo tests. Neurophotonics 2016; 3:045004. [PMID: 27752520 PMCID: PMC5061109 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.4.045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a compact probe for time-domain (TD) functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on a fast silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) that can be put directly in contact with the sample without the need of optical fibers for light collection. We directly integrated an avalanche signal amplification stage close to the SiPM, thus reducing the size of the detection channel and optimizing the signal immunity to electromagnetic interferences. The whole detection electronics was placed in a plastic screw holder compatible with the electroencephalography standard cap for measurement on brain or with custom probe holders. The SiPM is inserted into a transparent and insulating resin to avoid the direct contact of the scalp with the 100-V bias voltage. The probe was integrated in an instrument for TD fNIRS spectroscopy. The system was characterized on tissue phantoms in terms of temporal resolution, responsivity, linearity, and capability to detect deep absorption changes. Preliminary in vivo tests on adult volunteers were performed to monitor hemodynamic changes in the arm during a cuff occlusion and in the brain cortex during a motor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Edoardo Martinenghi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
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Hovard P, Chambers L, Re R, Hull S, Wickham M, Yeomans M. Cognitive-sensory enhancement of satiety: A home-consumer study. Appetite 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Re R, Contini D, Zucchelli L, Torricelli A, Spinelli L. Effect of a thin superficial layer on the estimate of hemodynamic changes in a two-layer medium by time domain NIRS. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:264-78. [PMID: 26977338 PMCID: PMC4771447 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to study hemodynamic changes involved in muscular metabolism by means of time domain fNIRS, we need to discriminate in the measured signal contributions coming from different depths. Muscles are, in fact, typically located under other tissues, e.g. skin and fat. In this paper, we study the possibility to exploit a previously proposed method for analyzing time-resolved fNIRS measurements in a two-layer structure with a thin superficial layer. This method is based on the calculation of the time-dependent mean partial pathlengths. We validated it by simulating venous and arterial arm cuff occlusions and then applied it on in vivo measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Pifferi A, Torricelli A, Cubeddu R, Quarto G, Re R, Sekar SKV, Spinelli L, Farina A, Martelli F, Wabnitz H. Mechanically switchable solid inhomogeneous phantom for performance tests in diffuse imaging and spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt 2015. [PMID: 26220211 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.121304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically switchable solid inhomogeneous phantom simulating localized absorption changes was developed and characterized. The homogeneous host phantom was made of epoxy resin with black toner and titanium dioxide particles added as absorbing and scattering components, respectively. A cylindrical rod, movable along a hole in the block and made of the same material, has a black polyvinyl chloride cylinder embedded in its center. By varying the volume and position of the black inclusion, absorption perturbations can be generated over a large range of magnitudes. The phantom has been characterized by various time-domain diffuse optics instruments in terms of absorption and scattering spectra, transmittance images, and reflectance contrast. Addressing a major application of the phantom for performance characterization for functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain, the contrast was measured in reflectance mode while black cylinders of volumes from ≈20 mm3 to ≈270 mm3 were moved in lateral and depth directions, respectively. The new type of solid inhomogeneous phantom is expected to become a useful tool for routine quality check of clinical instruments or implementation of industrial standards provided an experimental characterization of the phantom is performed in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, ItalybIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Quarto
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Sanathana K V Sekar
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, Berlin 10587, Germany
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Hovard P, Chambers L, Hull S, Re R, Wickham MSJ, Yeomans MR. Sensory‐enhanced beverages: Effects on satiety following repeated consumption at home. NUTR BULL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Hovard
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Sussex Brighton UK
| | - L. Chambers
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Sussex Brighton UK
- British Nutrition Foundation London UK
| | - S. Hull
- Leatherhead Food Research Leatherhead UK
| | - R. Re
- World Sugar Research Organisation London UK
| | | | - M. R. Yeomans
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Sussex Brighton UK
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Pollonini L, Padhye NS, Re R, Torricelli A, Simpson RJ, Dacso CC. Pulse transit time measured by photoplethysmography improves the accuracy of heart rate as a surrogate measure of cardiac output, stroke volume and oxygen uptake in response to graded exercise. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:911-24. [PMID: 25856085 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/5/911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) is a valuable and widespread measure for physical training programs, although its description of conditioning is limited to the cardiac response to exercise. More comprehensive measures of exercise adaptation include cardiac output (Q̇), stroke volume (SV) and oxygen uptake (V̇O2), but these physiological parameters can be measured only with cumbersome equipment installed in clinical settings. In this work, we explore the ability of pulse transit time (PTT) to represent a valuable pairing with HR for indirectly estimating Q̇, SV and V̇O2 non-invasively. PTT was measured as the time interval between the peak of the electrocardiographic (ECG) R-wave and the onset of the photoplethysmography (PPG) waveform at the periphery (i.e. fingertip) with a portable sensor. Fifteen healthy young subjects underwent a graded incremental cycling protocol after which HR and PTT were correlated with Q̇, SV and V̇O2 using linear mixed models. The addition of PTT significantly improved the modeling of Q̇, SV and V̇O2 at the individual level ([Formula: see text] for SV, 0.548 for Q̇, and 0.771 for V̇O2) compared to predictive models based solely on HR ([Formula: see text] for SV, 0.503 for Q̇, and 0.745 for V̇O2). While challenges in sensitivity and artifact rejection exist, combining PTT with HR holds potential for development of novel wearable sensors that provide exercise assessment largely superior to HR monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pollonini
- Abramson Center for the Future of Health and Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, 4300 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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Muthalib M, Re R, Besson P, Perrey S, Rothwell J, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A. Transcranial direct current stimulation induced modulation of cortical haemodynamics: A comparison between time-domain and continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Brain Stimul 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Bonomini V, Zucchelli L, Re R, Ieva F, Spinelli L, Contini D, Paganoni A, Torricelli A. Linear regression models and k-means clustering for statistical analysis of fNIRS data. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:615-30. [PMID: 25780751 PMCID: PMC4354588 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new algorithm, based on a linear regression model, to statistically estimate the hemodynamic activations in fNIRS data sets. The main concern guiding the algorithm development was the minimization of assumptions and approximations made on the data set for the application of statistical tests. Further, we propose a K-means method to cluster fNIRS data (i.e. channels) as activated or not activated. The methods were validated both on simulated and in vivo fNIRS data. A time domain (TD) fNIRS technique was preferred because of its high performances in discriminating cortical activation and superficial physiological changes. However, the proposed method is also applicable to continuous wave or frequency domain fNIRS data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Bonomini
- MOX - Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
- first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
- first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
| | - Francesca Ieva
- Department of Mathematics “Federigo Enriques”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan,
Italy
| | | | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
| | - Anna Paganoni
- MOX - Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
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26
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Lefranc-Millot C, Czank C, Re R, Calame W, Wickham M, Guérin-Deremaux L. P162: Impact de la protéine de pois NUTRALYS® sur la satiété et la prise calorique. NUTR CLIN METAB 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Torricelli A, Contini D, Mora AD, Pifferi A, Re R, Zucchelli L, Caffini M, Farina A, Spinelli L. Neurophotonics: non-invasive optical techniques for monitoring brain functions. Funct Neurol 2014; 29:223-30. [PMID: 25764252 PMCID: PMC4370435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present the state of the art of neurophotonics, a recently founded discipline lying at the interface between optics and neuroscience. While neurophotonics also includes invasive techniques for animal studies, in this review we focus only on the non-invasive methods that use near infrared light to probe functional activity in the brain, namely the fast optical signal, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, and functional near infrared spectroscopy methods. We also present an overview of the physical principles of light propagation in biological tissues, and of the main physiological sources of signal. Finally, we discuss the open issues in models, instrumentation, data analysis and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Caffini
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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28
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Wabnitz H, Jelzow A, Mazurenka M, Steinkellner O, Macdonald R, Milej D, Żołek N, Kacprzak M, Sawosz P, Maniewski R, Liebert A, Magazov S, Hebden J, Martelli F, Di Ninni P, Zaccanti G, Torricelli A, Contini D, Re R, Zucchelli L, Spinelli L, Cubeddu R, Pifferi A. Performance assessment of time-domain optical brain imagers, part 2: nEUROPt protocol. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:086012. [PMID: 25121480 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.086012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The nEUROPt protocol is one of two new protocols developed within the European project nEUROPt to characterize the performances of time-domain systems for optical imaging of the brain. It was applied in joint measurement campaigns to compare the various instruments and to assess the impact of technical improvements. This protocol addresses the characteristic of optical brain imaging to detect, localize, and quantify absorption changes in the brain. It was implemented with two types of inhomogeneous liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink with well-defined optical properties. First, small black inclusions were used to mimic localized changes of the absorption coefficient. The position of the inclusions was varied in depth and lateral direction to investigate contrast and spatial resolution. Second, two-layered liquid phantoms with variable absorption coefficients were employed to study the quantification of layer-wide changes and, in particular, to determine depth selectivity, i.e., the ratio of sensitivities for deep and superficial absorption changes. We introduce the tests of the nEUROPt protocol and present examples of results obtained with different instruments and methods of data analysis. This protocol could be a useful step toward performance tests for future standards in diffuse optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Jelzow
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikhail Mazurenka
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Steinkellner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Macdonald
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Milej
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Norbert Żołek
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kacprzak
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sawosz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Maniewski
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Salavat Magazov
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hebden
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Di Ninni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaccanti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyfIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyfIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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29
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Wabnitz H, Jelzow A, Mazurenka M, Steinkellner O, Macdonald R, Milej D, Żołek N, Kacprzak M, Sawosz P, Maniewski R, Liebert A, Magazov S, Hebden J, Martelli F, Di Ninni P, Zaccanti G, Torricelli A, Contini D, Re R, Zucchelli L, Spinelli L, Cubeddu R, Pifferi A. Performance assessment of time-domain optical brain imagers, part 2: nEUROPt protocol. J Biomed Opt 2014. [PMID: 25121480 DOI: 10.1117/12.2002438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The nEUROPt protocol is one of two new protocols developed within the European project nEUROPt to characterize the performances of time-domain systems for optical imaging of the brain. It was applied in joint measurement campaigns to compare the various instruments and to assess the impact of technical improvements. This protocol addresses the characteristic of optical brain imaging to detect, localize, and quantify absorption changes in the brain. It was implemented with two types of inhomogeneous liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink with well-defined optical properties. First, small black inclusions were used to mimic localized changes of the absorption coefficient. The position of the inclusions was varied in depth and lateral direction to investigate contrast and spatial resolution. Second, two-layered liquid phantoms with variable absorption coefficients were employed to study the quantification of layer-wide changes and, in particular, to determine depth selectivity, i.e., the ratio of sensitivities for deep and superficial absorption changes. We introduce the tests of the nEUROPt protocol and present examples of results obtained with different instruments and methods of data analysis. This protocol could be a useful step toward performance tests for future standards in diffuse optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Jelzow
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikhail Mazurenka
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Steinkellner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Macdonald
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Milej
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Norbert Żołek
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kacprzak
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sawosz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Maniewski
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Salavat Magazov
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hebden
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Di Ninni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaccanti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyfIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyfIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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30
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Torricelli A, Contini D, Pifferi A, Caffini M, Re R, Zucchelli L, Spinelli L. Time domain functional NIRS imaging for human brain mapping. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:28-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Re R, Contini D, Turola M, Spinelli L, Zucchelli L, Caffini M, Cubeddu R, Torricelli A. Multi-channel medical device for time domain functional near infrared spectroscopy based on wavelength space multiplexing. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2231-46. [PMID: 24156079 PMCID: PMC3799681 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a compact dual wavelength (687 nm, 826 nm) multi-channel (16 sources, 8 detectors) medical device for muscle and brain imaging based on time domain functional near infrared spectroscopy. The system employs the wavelength space multiplexing approach to reduce wavelength cross-talk and increase signal-to-noise ratio. System performances have been tested on homogeneous and heterogeneous tissue phantoms following specifically designed protocols for photon migration instruments. Preliminary in vivo measurements have been performed to validate the instrument capability to monitor hemodynamic parameters changes in the arm muscle during arterial occlusion and in the adult head during a motor task experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Turola
- Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, EC1V 0HB London, UK
| | | | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Caffini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Via Golgi 39, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Zucchelli L, Contini D, Re R, Torricelli A, Spinelli L. Method for the discrimination of superficial and deep absorption variations by time domain fNIRS. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2893-910. [PMID: 24409389 PMCID: PMC3862167 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A method for the discrimination of superficial and deep absorption variations by time domain functional near infrared spectroscopy is presented. The method exploits the estimate of the photon time-dependent pathlength in different domains of the sampled medium and makes use of an approach based on time-gating of the photon distribution of time-of-flights. Validation of the method is performed in the two-layer geometry to focus on muscle and head applications. Numerical simulations varied the thickness of the upper layer, the interfiber distance, the shape of the instrument response function and the photon counts. Preliminary results from in vivo data are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Bari V, Calcagnile P, Molteni E, Re R, Contini D, Spinelli L, Caffini M, Torricelli A, Cubeddu R, Cerutti S, Bianchi AM. From neurovascular coupling to neurovascular cascade: a study on neural, autonomic and vascular transients in attention. Physiol Meas 2012; 33:1379-97. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/33/8/1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pollonini L, Re R, Simpson RJ, Dacso CC. Integrated device for the measurement of systemic and local oxygen transport during physical exercise. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2012:3760-3763. [PMID: 23366746 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for monitoring exercise exertion rely upon heart rate monitors, which represent a crude and lagging indicator of conditioning. The rationale for the present study is that both systemic and local metabolic mechanisms are responsible for physical performance, and therefore they should be simultaneously quantified to achieve an objective assessment of human conditioning. We propose a compact, wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device integrated with electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) to simultaneously assess the cardiovascular and local response to exercise. The system was tested on subjects performing a graded maximal exercise by comparing our readings with metabolic variables measured with respiratory gas analysis. We found strong correlations between local deoxyhemoglobin concentration [HHb], heart rate and oxygen uptake, as well as between oxyhemoglobin concentration [HbO(2)] and stroke volume. This study shows that combined NIRS, ECG and PPG measurements yield useful information to understand the interplay between systemic and local muscular responses to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pollonini
- Abramson Center for the Future of Health and Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of eggs consumed for lunch on satiety, satiation and subsequent energy intake at the next meal. Thirty-one healthy male and female subjects participated in a randomized, three-way, crossover study. Following consumption of a standard breakfast, participants were asked to consume three isocaloric test lunches: omelette, jacket potato and chicken sandwich. Subjective measures of satiety were recorded using visual analog scales at regular intervals throughout the day. Energy intake at the next meal was assessed 4 h after lunch with an ad libitum meal. The egg lunch showed a significantly stronger satiating effect compared with the jacket potato meal. No effect on energy intake was seen. These data indicate that consumption of an omelette meal consumed at lunch could increase satiety to a greater extent than a carbohydrate meal and may facilitate reduction of energy consumption between meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pombo-Rodrigues
- Nutrition Research, Leatherhead Food Research, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK.
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Campanini M, Lunati F, Dugnani M, Re R. Venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards. Minerva Med 2011; 102:93-101. [PMID: 21317851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the main causes of morbility and mortality in the ospedalized patients. Epidemiologist studies have also demonstrated that VTE is an important and frequent problems in medical patients. In surgical patients is done with greater frequency, but in medical patients prophylaxis is not completely codified and less often less practiced. This review shows epidemiological data, risk factors and classification of the risk of VTE in patients with medical pathologies. Then meta-analyses studies and main studies such as Medenox, Prevent and Artemis, that have examined the prophylaxis of VTE in medical patients are described and discussed, along with their results concerning morbility and mortality. The current problems of prophylaxis in medical patients are reviewed , such as duration of treatment, optimal dosage of the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and the correct risk assessment of VTE. EXCLAIM Study has showed the benefit of extended prophylaxis with statistically significant reduction in VTE events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Campanini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy.
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Bari V, Calcagnile P, Molteni E, Re R, Contini D, Spinelli L, Caffini M, Torricelli A, Cubeddu R, Cerutti S, Bianchi AM. Study of neurovascular and autonomic response in a divided attention test by means of EEG, ECG and NIRS signals. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2011; 2011:1403-1406. [PMID: 22254580 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated neurovascular and autonomic response to a Divided Attention task within a group of 16 healthy subjects, by means of Electroencephalography, Electrocardiography, functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy techniques, acquired simultaneously. We exctracted Alpha (8-13,5 Hz) and Beta (13,5-30 Hz) power rhythms with a spectral autoregressive residual model, and inter-beat-interval (RR series) and separated superficial (extracortical) and depth NIRS contribution. Cross Correlation Function at different time lags was then calculated between each signal and the task, modeled as a square wave and among couples of signals, in order to evaluate the sequence of activation of the different physiological districts involved and the common information shared. Results showed the presence of a cascade of responses and a strong influence by the block task on each signal, representative of the neurovascular coupling elicited by the cognitive cerebral activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bari
- Deptof Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy
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Re R, Contini D, Caffini M, Cubeddu R, Spinelli L, Torricelli A. A compact time-resolved system for near infrared spectroscopy based on wavelength space multiplexing. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:113101. [PMID: 21133455 DOI: 10.1063/1.3495957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We designed and developed a compact dual-wavelength and dual-channel time-resolved system for near-infrared spectroscopy studies of muscle and brain. The system employs pulsed diode lasers as sources, compact photomultipliers, and time-correlated single photon counting boards for detection. To exploit the full temporal and dynamic range of the acquisition technique, we implemented an approach based on wavelength space multiplexing: laser pulses at the two wavelengths are alternatively injected into the two channels by means of an optical 2×2 switch. In each detection line (i.e., in each temporal window), the distribution of photon time-of-flights at one wavelength is acquired. The proposed approach increases the signal-to-noise ratio and avoids wavelength cross-talk with respect to the typical approach based on time multiplexing. The instrument was characterized on tissue phantoms to assess its properties in terms of linearity, stability, noise, and reproducibility. Finally, it was successfully tested in preliminary in vivo measurements on muscle during standard cuff occlusion and on the brain during a motor cortex response due to hand movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Re R, Mishra GD, Thane CW, Bates CJ. Tomato consumption and plasma lycopene concentration in people aged 65 y and over in a British national survey. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:1545-54. [PMID: 14647219 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of consumption of raw and processed tomatoes, plasma lycopene concentration and their interrelationship in a nationally representative sample of elderly British people. SETTING : A 1994-1995 National Diet and Nutrition Survey: a nationwide cross-sectional sample of people aged 65 y and over living in mainland Britain, either in the community ("free-living", n=1275) or in institutions such as nursing homes (n=412). METHODS Consumption of raw and processed tomatoes (including those in tomato-containing composite foods) was recorded by a 4-day dietary record for each participant. Plasma lycopene concentration was assayed by HPLC. Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was recorded by trained interviewers. RESULTS In all, 29% of free-living people and 24% of those living in institutions did not consume any raw or processed tomatoes during the 4-day recording period. Free-living participants were more likely to consume raw tomatoes (26 vs 16%). Plasma lycopene concentration was positively associated with the weight of raw and processed tomatoes consumed, especially with processed tomatoes and their products, alcohol consumption and with plasma total (as well as HDL and non-HDL) cholesterol concentrations. Among free-living participants, increased age, cigarette smoking habit and manual occupational social class were all associated with lower plasma lycopene concentration. CONCLUSIONS In the current population, consumption of raw and processed tomatoes varied by sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, and made a significant contribution to plasma lycopene concentration. Determinants of plasma lycopene concentration were age, plasma cholesterol concentration and smoking habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Cambio, 34 Newnham Road, Cambridge, UK
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Semeniuk GB, Re R, Freue RD. [Thrombosis of great pulmonary vessels causing severe pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus]. Medicina (B Aires) 2001; 61:319-21. [PMID: 11474881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a 34 year old male patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed pulmonary hypertension (PHT) associated with anticardiolipin antibodies. Ten years after diagnosis, an helical CT scan revealed thrombosis of the major pulmonary arteries, which was confirmed by digital pulmonary angiography. An inferior caval vein filter was placed and oral anticoagulation was begun. The patient refused pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and died soon thereafter. Even though PHT is widely described associated with SLE, proximal thrombosis of pulmonary arteries is exceptional. We describe such a patient review the different etiologies, incidence and diagnostic approach of PHT in SLE, focusing on those patients with an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Semeniuk
- Servicio de Neumonología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires
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Abstract
There is considerable interest in the bioavailability of carotenoids from the diet and their bioactivity in vivo. Little is known, however, of the preabsorption events in the gastric lumen on the breakdown or isomerisation of dietary carotenoids. In this study the effects of the acidic environment found in the gastric milieu on lycopene have been investigated. The results show that under these conditions all-trans-lycopene is isomerised to cis-isomers, which may be implicated in enhanced absorption from the small intestine. Furthermore the pH, as well as the food matrix, seems to have an influence on the level of isomerisation of this carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, GKT School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Chambers RB, Krousel-Wood MA, Re R. Combined quality improvement ratio: a method for a more robust evaluation of changes in screening rates. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 2001; 27:101-6. [PMID: 11221010 DOI: 10.1016/s1070-3241(01)27010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been proposed that a ratio of the discordant cells from a McNemar's Chi-square table be used as a measure of quality improvement, and that this measure be called the Quality Improvement Ratio (QuIR). As proposed, patients enrolled in only one year of a two-year study are excluded from the McNemar's table of the QuIR. Since the original proposal of the McNemar's Chi-square in 1947 included application to matched pair data, a more comprehensive analysis would be possible if the single-year enrollees were matched into pairs. METHODS Patients enrolled in only the first study year are matched and paired with patients enrolled in only the second study year. The pairs are matched on variables important to the disease or process being evaluated. The matched pairs are combined with the repeatedly measured subjects to increase the statistical power of the analysis. The Combined Quality Improvement Ratio (CQuIR) is demonstrated with parameters from the original articles, in a--Markov chain Monte-Carlo simulation, so a direct comparison can be made. RESULTS CQuIR improved statistical power, especially in simulations of small populations. In some simulations the statistical power was double that of the QuIR alone. DISCUSSION Although the QuIR provides important information, the CQuIR allows more of the data to be used to evaluate the effect of interventions in policy, delivery, and practice. The increase in statistical power of the CQuIR over the QuIR can facilitate successful evaluation of health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Chambers
- Outcomes Assessment Department, Division of Research, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, 1516 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 7021, USA.
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Re R. The application of antisense technology to medicine. Ochsner J 2000; 2:233-236. [PMID: 21765702 PMCID: PMC3117510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Vice President and Director of Research, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, LA
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Perugini C, Bagnati M, Cau C, Bordone R, Zoppis E, Paffoni P, Re R, Albano E, Bellomo G. DISTRIBUTION OF LIPID-SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANTS IN LIPOPROTEINS FROM HEALTHY SUBJECTS. I. CORRELATION WITH PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS AND COMPOSITION OF LIPOPROTEINS. Pharmacol Res 2000; 41:53-63. [PMID: 10712827 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of five lipid-soluble antioxidants (gamma- and alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, beta-carotene and ubiquinol-10) was measured in plasma and very low-density, low-density and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) isolated from young healthy normo- cholesterolemic subjects. Alpha-tocopherol was the exclusive antioxidant whose plasma concentration significantly correlated with the absolute concentration of total cholesterol (r =0.541, P<0.001). No correlation was found between plasma concentration and lipoprotein content of alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol-10, whereas it reached statistically significant values for gamma-tocopherol, lycopene and beta-carotene. The alpha-tocopherol content in VLDL and HDL, but not in LDL, was strictly associated with the relative abundance of cholesterol and phospholipids in the lipoprotein particles. Moreover, the difference between alpha-tocopherol concentration in VLDL and LDL appeared to be strictly related to the differences in cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. The percent distribution of the total plasma pool of antioxidant in each lipoprotein class revealed that gamma- and alpha-tocopherol were roughly equally distributed in LDL and HDL. On the other hand, lycopene, beta-carotene and ubiquinol-10 were preferentially sequestered in LDL. Finally, the absolute and relative concentration of alpha-tocopherol, but not that of other antioxidants, in HDL exhibited a statistically significant correlation with plasma HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio. These findings indicate that: (i) plasma concentrations of major lipid-soluble antioxidants are not always predictive of their levels in lipoproteins and that, within individual lipoprotein classes, (ii) the lipid composition, metabolism and relative plasma concentration may significantly affect their abundance. 2000 Academic Press@p$hr Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Perugini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Novara, I-28100, Italy
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Perugini C, Bagnati M, Cau C, Bordone R, Paffoni P, Re R, Zoppis E, Albano E, Bellomo G. DISTRIBUTION OF LIPID-SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANTS IN LIPOPROTEINS FROM HEALTHY SUBJECTS. II. EFFECTS OF IN VIVO SUPPLEMENTATION WITH alpha-TOCOPHEROL. Pharmacol Res 2000; 41:65-72. [PMID: 10712828 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of orally supplemented dl -alpha-tocopherol on the plasma concentration of lipid-soluble antioxidants and their distribution in very-low-density, low-density and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) was investigated in a cohort of control normocholesterolemic adult subjects receiving 600 mg alpha-tocopherol daily for 2 weeks. This regimen did not modify the plasma lipid profile (total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) and chemical composition of VLDL, LDL and HDL. Plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol increased from 19.44+/-4.77 to 38.03+/-9.06 µm and this was associated with slight decrease in the concentration of gamma-tocopherol from 1.27+/-0.97 to 0.99+/-1.17 µm, without any significant changes of either lycopene and beta-carotene. Qualitatively similar changes were found in VLDL, LDL and HDL but the net increase of alpha-tocopherol in plasma did not correlate with the increase in alpha-tocopherol content in any of the lipoprotein types. Following supplementation, the percentage of total plasma alpha-tocopherol pool carried by VLDL increased from 20.97+/-6.07% to 33.57+/-6.97%, whereas it decreased from 41.85+/-7.02% to 36.36+/-5.69% in the case of LDL and from 37.17+/-6.04% to 30.05+/-4.88% in the case of HDL. The absolute and relative enrichment of alpha-tocopherol in either VLDL and LDL did not exhibit any statistically relevant correlation with the chemical composition of these lipoproteins in the different subjects investigated. On the other hand, the amount of alpha-tocopherol enriching the HDL particles was inversely related to the relative abundance of protein (r =0.449;P<0.05) and directly to the phospholipid/protein ratio (r =0.480, P<0.05). 2000 Academic Press@p$hr Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Perugini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Novara, I-28100, Italy
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Abstract
Current theory holds that peptide hormone action results from hormone binding to cell-surface receptors, with the generation of intracellular second messengers. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that intracellular peptide hormone, either internalized or synthesized in situ, can exert physiologically relevant effects. These effects are diverse and poorly understood. I propose that such intracrine action can serve to modulate cellular function over time and thereby play a role in biological memory of various sorts, in the maintenance of hormonal responsiveness, and in cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Division of Research, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, La 70121, USA
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Abstract
A method for the screening of antioxidant activity is reported as a decolorization assay applicable to both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants, including flavonoids, hydroxycinnamates, carotenoids, and plasma antioxidants. The pre-formed radical monocation of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS*+) is generated by oxidation of ABTS with potassium persulfate and is reduced in the presence of such hydrogen-donating antioxidants. The influences of both the concentration of antioxidant and duration of reaction on the inhibition of the radical cation absorption are taken into account when determining the antioxidant activity. This assay clearly improves the original TEAC assay (the ferryl myoglobin/ABTS assay) for the determination of antioxidant activity in a number of ways. First, the chemistry involves the direct generation of the ABTS radical monocation with no involvement of an intermediary radical. Second, it is a decolorization assay; thus the radical cation is pre-formed prior to addition of antioxidant test systems, rather than the generation of the radical taking place continually in the presence of the antioxidant. Hence the results obtained with the improved system may not always be directly comparable with those obtained using the original TEAC assay. Third, it is applicable to both aqueous and lipophilic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- International Antioxidant Research Centre, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Biomedical Sciences, Kings College-Guy's Campus, London, UK
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Thiele JJ, Traber MG, Re R, Espuno N, Yan LJ, Cross CE, Packer L. Macromolecular carbonyls in human stratum corneum: a biomarker for environmental oxidant exposure? FEBS Lett 1998; 422:403-6. [PMID: 9498826 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of stratum corneum carbonyls may serve as an intrinsic dosimeter for environmental oxidative damage to skin. To investigate the accumulation of carbonyls in human stratum corneum, skin was tape-stripped, then tapes were sequentially incubated with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH), rat anti-DNP, mouse anti-rat IgG conjugated with alkaline phosphatase, p-nitrophenyl phosphate and absorbance (405 nm) measured and carbonyls estimated. Stratum corneum exposed in vitro to oxidants: hypochlorous acid (1, 10, 100 mM), ozone (0, 1, 5, 10 ppm for 2 h) or UV light (280-400 nm; 0, 4, 88, or 24 J/cm2) contained increased carbonyls. Furthermore, stratum corneum carbonyls were elevated in tanned compared with untanned sites: dorsal hand (0.43 +/- 0.06 nmol/cm2) vs. lower arm (0.32 +/- 0.04, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 11; P < 0.003) and lower back (0.26 +/- 0.02) vs. buttock (0.21 +/- 0.02; n = 6, P < 0.01) indicating in vivo oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Thiele
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3200, USA.
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Tesoriere L, D'Arpa D, Re R, Livrea MA. Antioxidant reactions of all-trans retinol in phospholipid bilayers: effect of oxygen partial pressure, radical fluxes, and retinol concentration. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 343:13-8. [PMID: 9210641 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipoperoxyl radical-scavenging activity of retinol in unilamellar soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied under a variety of conditions to appreciate to what extend retinol may be considered an effective antioxidant. Peroxidation, initiated by 2 mM 2,2'-azobis(amidino-propane)hydrochloride (AAPH), was carried out at 160 torr O2 or at 15 torr O2, in the absence or in the presence of 10 to 40 mM retinol. As evaluated by the length of the inhibition periods, t(inh), and by the ratio between the inhibition and propagation rate, R(inh)/R(p), the antioxidant activity of retinol was higher at 15 torr O2 than at 160 torr O2. The consumption rate of retinol was markedly faster at 160 torr O2 than at 15 torr O2 and increased with the increase of retinol concentration under both oxygen tensions. When liposome peroxidation was carried out under N2, retinol consumption was independent of retinol concentration. Peroxyl radicals oxidize retinol to 5,6-retinol epoxide. The ratio between 5,6-epoxide formed and the retinol consumed was markedly higher at 15 torr O2 than under air and decreased with the increased retinol concentrations. When butylated hydroxytoluene was included into the liposomal suspension, most of the consumed retinol was converted into 5,6-epoxide. Liposomes were incubated at 15 torr O2, in the presence of 0.5 to 10 mM AAPH. The antioxidant effectiveness of 40 mM retinol, as measured by the R(inh)/R(p) ratio, increased with the increase of the radical fluxes. The results suggest, besides radical trapping, that a major consumption of retinol during lipid oxidation occurs through self-oxidation reactions, which are concentration- and oxygen-dependent. A decreased self-oxidation makes retinol a better lipoperoxyl radical scavenger at low, rather than at high partial pressure of oxygen. However, when self-oxidation of retinol is prevented, only a minor fraction of the antioxidant is allowed to effectively act as a radical scavenger, suggesting that the radical-trapping reactions are rate-limiting for the antioxidant process. Peroxyl radical concentration, by shifting the route of the retinol activity toward radical scavenging, brings about an increasingly more efficient radical trapping. It is concluded that all-trans retinol behaves as a more effective antioxidant at low oxygen partial pressure, low retinol concentrations, and high radical flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tesoriere
- Istituto di Farmacologia e Farmacognosia, Universita' di Palermo, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated and compared the effects of three different comorbid indices on selection of procedure and outcome variation to determine which, if any, could be used for interpreting outcomes data. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Large multispecialty group practice. PATIENTS Patients (aged 55-85 years) with residence in the United States who underwent a first-time prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: 302 total; 253 transurethral procedures (TURF) versus 49 open procedures (OP). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The following indices were used to assess comorbid disease: Charison index (CI), index of coexistent disease (ICED), and Kaplan-Feinstein index (KFI). The main outcome measure was the five-year mortality rate. The unadjusted five-year mortality rates were 16% (40/ 253) for TURP and 4% (2/49) for OP; survival analysis revealed this difference to be marginally significant at the p = -05 level. In an effort to control for the effect of comorbidity, CI, ICED, and KFI were independently assessed: together with age, they each had similar effects in rendering the risk of death associated with procedure type insignificant. However, comorbidity, as derived with ICED (not CI or KFI), was identified as a confounding variable when assessing the five-year mortality rate after prostatectomy as ICED was associated with the procedure type (predictor variable) and the five-year mortality (outcome variable). CONCLUSION Differences in the composition and scoring of comorbid indices may have important implications for interpreting outcomes data. Nevertheless, these results, together with those of previous studies, suggest that the reported increased mortality for patients undergoing TURP is probably due to case-mix differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Krousel-Wood
- Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, Research Division, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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