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Stabinska J, Müller-Lutz A, Wittsack HJ, Tell C, Rump LC, Ertas N, Antoch G, Ljimani A. Two point Dixon-based chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI in renal transplant patients on 3 T. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 90:61-69. [PMID: 35476934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the performance of two point (2-pt) Dixon-based chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging for fat suppression in renal transplant patients. METHODS The 2-pt Dixon-based CEST MRI was validated in an egg-phantom and in fourteen renal transplant recipients (5 females and 9 males; age range: 23-78 years; mean age: 51 ± 16.8). All CEST experiments were performed on a 3 T clinical MRI scanner using a dual-echo CEST sequence. The 2-pt Dixon technique was applied to generate water-only CEST images at different frequency offsets, which were further used to calculate the z-spectra. The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) values in the frequency ranges of hydroxyl, amine and amide protons were estimated in the renal cortex and medulla. RESULTS Results of the in vitro experiments suggest that the 2-pt Dixon technique enables effective fat peak removal and does not introduce additional asymmetries to the z-spectrum. Accordingly, our results in vivo show that the fat-corrected amide proton transfer (APT) effect in the kidney is significantly higher compared to that obtained from the CEST data acquired close to the in-phase condition both in the renal cortex (-0.1 [0.7] vs. -0.7 [1.2], P = 0.029) and medulla (0.3 [0.8] vs. 0.01 [1.3], P = 0.049), indicating that the 2-pt Dixon-based CEST method increases the specificity of the APT contrast by correcting the fat-induced artifacts. CONCLUSION Combination of the dual-echo CEST acquisition with Dixon post-processing provides effective water-fat separation, allowing more accurate quantification of the APT CEST effect in the transplanted kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stabinska
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Anja Müller-Lutz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Tell
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Lars Christian Rump
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Neslihan Ertas
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gerald Antoch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Ljimani
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Dong X, Zhang T, Cheng S, He X, Wang H, Tan M. Water and lipid migration in salted duck eggs during storage with different packaging conditions as studied using LF-NMR and MRI techniques. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2009-2017. [PMID: 35411557 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the water and lipid migration of salted duck eggs during storage were systematically explored in three different packaging conditions of long-term salting, no packaging, and vacuum packaging. Bound water, multilayer bound water, lipid, and bulk water were observed in the whole duck egg by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxation. Five weeks of salting process led to the redistribution of water and lipid due to the watery state of egg white and the gelation of egg yolk due to the permeation of salt, and boiling mainly caused an obvious decrease in the mobility of bulk water due to the gelation of egg white. Among these three conditions, long-term salting with 6 months storage caused the most serious redistribution of water and lipid as well as the rupture of the vitelline membrane, but could prevent the oxidation of egg yolk. Vacuum packaging had the least influence on the water and lipid distribution, mass change, and water content but led to lipid oxidation with high degree in egg yolk. However, the most obvious mass loss was observed in the salted duck eggs during the storage without packaging. In addition, principal component analysis of Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill data suggested that LF-NMR could distinguish the salted duck eggs with different storage times during the early stage of the storage. Practical Application Water and lipid migration of salted duck eggs during storage with three packaging conditions were explored by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. Understanding the impacts of packaging conditions on water and lipid migration of salted duck eggs during storage could provide a new method for the quality identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Montinaro E, Grisi M, Letizia MC, Pethö L, Gijs MAM, Guidetti R, Michler J, Brugger J, Boero G. 3D printed microchannels for sub-nL NMR spectroscopy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192780. [PMID: 29742104 PMCID: PMC5942786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on subnanoliter (sub-nL) volumes are hindered by the limited sensitivity of the detector and the difficulties in positioning and holding such small samples in proximity of the detector. In this work, we report on NMR experiments on liquid and biological entities immersed in liquids having volumes down to 100 pL. These measurements are enabled by the fabrication of high spatial resolution 3D printed microfluidic structures, specifically conceived to guide and confine sub-nL samples in the sub-nL most sensitive volume of a single-chip integrated NMR probe. The microfluidic structures are fabricated using a two-photon polymerization 3D printing technique having a resolution better than 1 μm3. The high spatial resolution 3D printing approach adopted here allows to rapidly fabricate complex microfluidic structures tailored to position, hold, and feed biological samples, with a design that maximizes the NMR signals amplitude and minimizes the static magnetic field inhomogeneities. The layer separating the sample from the microcoil, crucial to exploit the volume of maximum sensitivity of the detector, has a thickness of 10 μm. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, we report NMR experiments on sub-nL intact biological entities in liquid media, specifically ova of the tardigrade Richtersius coronifer and sections of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. We show a sensitivity of 2.5x1013 spins/Hz1/2 on 1H nuclei at 7 T, sufficient to detect 6 pmol of 1H nuclei of endogenous compounds in active volumes down to 100 pL and in a measurement time of 3 hours. Spectral resolutions of 0.01 ppm in liquid samples and of 0.1 ppm in the investigated biological entities are also demonstrated. The obtained results may indicate a route for NMR studies at the single unit level of important biological entities having sub-nL volumes, such as living microscopic organisms and eggs of several mammalians, humans included.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Montinaro
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Microsystems, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Grisi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Microsystems, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. C. Letizia
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Microsystems, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Pethö
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - M. A. M. Gijs
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Microsystems, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Guidetti
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Life Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | - J. Michler
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - J. Brugger
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Microsystems, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G. Boero
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Microsystems, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Grisi M, Vincent F, Volpe B, Guidetti R, Harris N, Beck A, Boero G. NMR spectroscopy of single sub-nL ova with inductive ultra-compact single-chip probes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44670. [PMID: 28317887 PMCID: PMC5357791 DOI: 10.1038/srep44670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables non-invasive chemical studies of intact living matter. However, the use of NMR at the volume scale typical of microorganisms is hindered by sensitivity limitations, and experiments on single intact organisms have so far been limited to entities having volumes larger than 5 nL. Here we show NMR spectroscopy experiments conducted on single intact ova of 0.1 and 0.5 nL (i.e. 10 to 50 times smaller than previously achieved), thereby reaching the relevant volume scale where life development begins for a broad variety of organisms, humans included. Performing experiments with inductive ultra-compact (1 mm2) single-chip NMR probes, consisting of a low noise transceiver and a multilayer 150 μm planar microcoil, we demonstrate that the achieved limit of detection (about 5 pmol of 1H nuclei) is sufficient to detect endogenous compounds. Our findings suggest that single-chip probes are promising candidates to enable NMR-based study and selection of microscopic entities at biologically relevant volume scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grisi
- Microengineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Franck Vincent
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, Fällanden, 8116, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Volpe
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Nicola Harris
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Armin Beck
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, Fällanden, 8116, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Boero
- Microengineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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Yeo CB, Park HC, Lee KJ, Song C. Measurement of vital sign in chick embryo using multi-channel diffuse speckle contrast analysis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:6293-6296. [PMID: 26737731 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In poultry industry which is avian breeding program, the determination whether chick embryos survive in the artificial incubation periods or not is essential to reduce the financial resources. We developed the multi-channel diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA) system composed of four optical fiber detectors enabling to achieve in-vivo measurements of deep tissue flow noninvasively. The system could confirm vital sign of the chick embryo in early incubation stage. Moreover, it demonstrates the change of relative blood flow index and depth information with simplicity, low cost, and flexibility.
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Lu J, Zhou J, Cai C, Cai S, Chen Z. Observation of true and pseudo NOE signals using CEST-MRI and CEST-MRS sequences with and without lipid suppression. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1615-22. [PMID: 24803172 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the characteristics of nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) imaging signals in the brain at 7T. METHODS Fresh hen eggs, as well as six healthy, and six C6 glioma-bearing Wistar rats were scanned using chemical exchange saturation transfer-magnetic resonance imaging (CEST-MRI) and chemical exchange saturation transfer-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CEST-MRS) sequences (saturation duration 3 s, power 1.47 µT) with and without lipid suppression. CEST data were acquired over an offset range of -6 to +6 ppm relative to the water resonance in 0.5 ppm steps. RESULTS The water signals were not disrupted by other protons during the CEST-MRS sequences, and true NOE signals could be observed. Using the CEST-MRI sequence without lipid suppression, pseudo NOE imaging signals were observed in the lipid-containing regions (egg yolk, scalp, and even white matter). These pseudo NOE signals were almost (but incompletely) removed with the lipid suppression. Egg yolk results indicated the presence of the NOE to olefinic protons overlapping with the water signal. In vivo experiments showed that the amide proton transfer signal was larger in the tumor, whereas the NOE signal was larger in the normal white matter. CONCLUSIONS True NOE signals can be detected using MRS sequences, and considerable pseudo NOE imaging signals may be observed using MRI sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Lu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Maier SE, Mitsouras D, Mulkern RV. Avian egg latebra as brain tissue water diffusion model. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:501-9. [PMID: 24105853 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simplified models of non-monoexponential diffusion signal decay are of great interest to study the basic constituents of complex diffusion behavior in tissues. The latebra, a unique structure uniformly present in the yolk of avian eggs, exhibits a non-monoexponential diffusion signal decay. This model is more complex than simple phantoms based on differences between water and lipid diffusion, but is also devoid of microscopic structures with preferential orientation or perfusion effects. METHODS Diffusion scans with multiple b-values were performed on a clinical 3 Tesla system in raw and boiled chicken eggs equilibrated to room temperature. Diffusion encoding was applied over the ranges 5-5,000 and 5-50,000 s/mm(2). A low read-out bandwidth and chemical shift was used for reliable lipid/water separation. Signal decays were fitted with exponential functions. RESULTS The latebra, when measured over the 5-5,000 s/mm(2) range, exhibited independent of preparation clearly biexponential diffusion, with diffusion parameters similar to those typically observed in in vivo human brain. For the range 5-50,000 s/mm(2), there was evidence of a small third, very slow diffusing water component. CONCLUSION The latebra of the avian egg contains membrane structures, which may explain a deviation from a simple monoexponential diffusion signal decay, which is remarkably similar to the deviation observed in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan E Maier
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhou J, Yan K, Zhu H. A simple model for understanding the origin of the amide proton transfer MRI signal in tissue. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2012; 42:393-402. [PMID: 23243339 PMCID: PMC3520492 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-011-0306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is a new molecular MRI technique that gives contrast at the cellular protein level. To better understand the origin of the APT signal in tissue, fresh and cooked hen eggs (n = 4) were imaged at 4.7 Tesla. The APT effect was quantified using the asymmetry in the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR(asym)) at the composite amide proton resonance frequency (3.5 ppm from the water resonance). The measured APT signals were significantly higher in the fresh egg white (20.1% ± 0.9%) than in the fresh egg yolk (-1.4% ± 1.1%; P < 0.001), and in the cooked egg white (2.8% ± 0.7%; P < 0.001), all of which have similar absolute protein contents. The data support the notion that the APT effect observed in vivo is associated with mobile proteins in tissue, such as those in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Neurosection, Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Correspondence to: Jinyuan Zhou, Ph.D., Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, 336 Park Building, Baltimore, MD 21287, U.S.A., Phone: (410) 955-7491, Fax: (410) 614-1977,
| | - Kun Yan
- Neurosection, Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - He Zhu
- Neurosection, Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Duce S, Morrison F, Welten M, Baggott G, Tickle C. Micro-magnetic resonance imaging study of live quail embryos during embryonic development. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 29:132-9. [PMID: 20863641 PMCID: PMC3006493 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eggs containing live Japanese quail embryos were imaged using micro-magnetic resonance imaging (μMRI) at 24-h intervals from Day 0 to 8, the period during which the main body axis is being laid down and organogenesis is taking place. Considerable detail of non-embryonic structures such as the latebra was revealed at early stages but the embryo could only be visualized around Day 3. Three-dimensional (3D) changes in embryo length and volume were quantified and also changes in volume in the extra- and non-embryonic components. The embryo increased in length by 43% and nearly trebled in volume between Day 4 and Day 5. Although the amount of yolk remained fairly constant over the first 5 days, the amount of albumen decreases significantly and was replaced by extra-embryonic fluid (EEF). 1H longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of different regions within the eggs were determined over the first 6 days of development. The T2 measurements mirrored the changes in image intensity observed, which can be related to the aqueous protein concentrations. In addition, a comparison of the development of Day 0 to 3 quail embryos exposed to radiofrequency (rf) pulses, 7 T static magnetic fields and magnetic field gradients for an average of 7 h with the development of control embryos did not reveal any gross changes, thus confirming that μMRI is a suitable tool for following the development of live avian embryos over time from the earliest stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Duce
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, UK.
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Laghi L, Cremonini MA, Placucci G, Sykora S, Wright K, Hills B. A proton NMR relaxation study of hen egg quality. Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 23:501-10. [PMID: 15862652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analysis of NMR proton relaxation in hen egg albumen and yolk is undertaken to research the causes of quality loss during the first few days of storage and to access the feasibility of an on-line NMR sensor of internal egg quality. It is shown that the change in the transverse relaxation in thick egg albumen mainly results from an increase in proton exchange rate resulting from a pH increase attributed to loss of carbon dioxide by diffusion through the eggshell. The results suggest that the low-field T1 is the best relaxation time indicator of albumen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Laghi
- Department of Food Science, University of Bologna, Via Ravennate 1020, 47023 Cesena, Italy
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Tashiro M, Ishida N, Shimotakahara S, Tanabe S, Okubo A. Ontogenetic changes of the water status in the heated quail's egg as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:933-6. [PMID: 12834238 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 1H-magnetic resonance imaging technique was applied for monitoring the extent of the heat coagulation in the shell egg. It is demonstrated that spin-spin relaxation time (T2) is an effective marker to observe the extent of coagulation in egg white and yolk and that the T2 value image is quite useful to recognize non-destructively the extent and status of coagulation of the heated eggs. This technique can also be applied to the material science as well as food science for observation of the inner status of the objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan
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