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Quantitative analysis of solid dosage forms of Losartan potassium by Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120996. [PMID: 35149485 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an outstanding analytical tool increasingly utilized in the pharmaceutical field for the solid-state pharmaceutical drug analysis. In current study, the potential of Raman spectroscopy has been investigated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid dosage form of Losartan potassium. For this purpose, different solid dosage forms/concentrations of losartan potassium were prepared to compensate the commercially available pharmaceutical drug formulations and their Raman spectral data showed a gradual change in the specific Raman spectral features associated with the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Losartan potassium as a function of change in the concentration. The Raman spectral data was analyzed by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the classification of different spectral data sets of different concentrations of drug. Moreover, partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis was performed for monitoring the quantitative relation among different concentrations of Losartan potassium API and spectral data by constructing a predictive model. From the model, the value of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were observed to be 0.38 and 2.98 respectively and the value of goodness of fit was found to be 0.99. Furthermore, the quantity of unknown/blind sample of Losartan potassium formulation was also estimated by using PLSR model. From these results, it is demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can be considered to be used for quick and reliable quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical solids.
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Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
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First-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for estimation of losartan potassium and atorvastatin in their pure forms and in tablets. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:561-571. [PMID: 31957224 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Losartan potassium (LOS) and atorvastatin (ATR) are used in combination for long-term treatment of stroke and for treatment of hypertension with high-level cholesterol. Both drugs were simultaneously determined and validated using a novel, easy, fast, and economical first-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method. Methanol was used as the solvent for both drugs at a Δλ 80 nm and with a scanning rate of 600 nm/min. Peaks were determined as at 288.1 nm and 263.6 nm for LOS and ATR, respectively. The proposed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and, subsequently, the developed method was applicable to the analysis of the two compounds in their different formulations without interference from each other. Amplitude-concentration plots were rectilinear over the concentration ranges 1.0-10.0 μg/ml and 0.5-5.0 μg/ml for LOS and ATR, respectively. Detection limits were found to be 0.096 μg/ml and 0.030 μg/ml and quantitation limits were 0.291 μg/ml and 0.093 μg/ml for LOS and ATR, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of both compounds in synthetic mixtures and in laboratory-prepared tablets. These results were in accordance with the results acquired using the comparison method, high-performance liquid chromatography.
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4
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Graphite/SiO2 film electrode modified with hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites: Synthesis, optical, electrochemical properties and application in electrochemical sensing of losartan. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Simultaneous analysis of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human plasma by HPTLC. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Electrochemical study of hydrochlorothiazide on electrochemically pre-treated pencil graphite electrode as a sensor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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7
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Simultaneous determination of the antihypertensives hydrochlorothiazide, losartan potassium, irbesartan and valsartan in bulk powders and pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-160213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Electrochemical investigation of the voltammetric determination of hydrochlorothiazide using a nickel hydroxide modified nickel electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 57:344-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Losartan: Comprehensive Profile. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2015; 40:159-94. [PMID: 26051686 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Losartan (Cozaar™) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity. It is used in the management of hypertension and heart failure. Nomenclature, formulae, elemental analysis, and appearance of the drug are included in this review. The uses, applications, and the variety of synthetic pathways of this drug are outlined. Physical characteristics including: ionization constant, solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods of analysis, UV spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum with fragmentation patterns, and NMR (1H and 13C) spectra of losartan together with the corresponding figures and/or tables are all produced. This profile also includes the monograph of British Pharmacopoeia, together with several reported analytical methods including: spectrophotometric, electrochemical, chromatographic, and capillary electrophoretic methods. The stability, the pharmacokinetic behavior and the pharmacology of the drug are also provided.
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Simultaneous determination of aliskiren, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in spiked human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Three versus five micrometer chlorinated polysaccharide-based packings in chiral capillary electrochromatography: performance evaluation. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:182-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FOUR ANGIOTENSIN-II-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS IN PRESENCE OF HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BY A GRADIENT TECHNIQUE HPLC IN THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.738620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Development and Validation of Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Losartan Potassium in Pure and Commercial Tablets. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Development and validation of a chemometric method for direct determination of hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical samples by diffuse reflectance near infrared spectroscopy. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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An Improved HPLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Losartan Potassium and Hydrochlorothiazide with the Aid of a Chemometric Protocol. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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An Ultra-sensitive LC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Carbamazepine, Losartan and Ciprofloxacin in Bulk Drug, Pharmaceutical Formulation and Human Serum by Programming the Detector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2013.41004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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A simple and precise conductometric method for the determination of losartan in pharmaceutical products. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLosartan is an antihypertensive agent that lost its patent protection in 2010, and, consequently, it has been available in generic form. The latter motivated the search for a rapid and precise alternative method. Here, a simple conductometric titration in aqueous medium is described for the losartan analysis in pharmaceutical formulations. The first step of the titration occurs with the protonation of losartan producing a white precipitate and resulting in a slow increase in conductivity. When the protonation stage is complete, a sharp increase in conductivity occurs which was determined to be due to the presence of excess of acid. The titrimetric method was applied to the determination of losartan in pharmaceutical products and the results are comparable with values obtained using a chromatographic method recommended by the United States Pharmacopoeia. The relative standard deviation for successive measurements of a 125 mg L−1 (2.71×10−4 mol L−1) losartan solution was approximately 2%. Recovery study in tablet samples ranged between 99 and 102.4%. The procedure is fast, simple, and represents an attractive alternative for losartan quantification in routine analysis. In addition, it avoids organic solvents, minimizes the risk of exposure to the operator, and the waste treatment is easier compared to classical chromatographic methods.
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Capillary Electrophoresis Assay Method for Metoprolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in their Combined Dosage Form with Multivariate Optimization. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:92-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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19
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Novel and validated titrimetric method for determination of selected angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists in pharmaceutical preparations and its comparison with UV spectrophotometric determination. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:470-477. [PMID: 29403786 PMCID: PMC5760927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and simple titrimetric method for determination of commonly used angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (ARA-IIs) is developed and validated. The direct acid base titration of four ARA-IIs, namely eprosartan mesylate, irbesartan, telmisartan and valsartan, was carried out in the mixture of ethanol:water (1:1) as solvent using standardized sodium hydroxide aqueous solution as titrant, either visually using phenolphthalein as an indicator or potentiometrically using combined pH electrode. The method was found to be accurate and precise, having relative standard deviation of less than 2% for all ARA-IIs studied. Also, it was shown that the method could be successfully applied to the assay of commercial pharmaceuticals containing the above-mentioned ARA-IIs. The validity of the method was tested by the recovery studies of standard addition to pharmaceuticals and the results were found to be satisfactory. Results obtained by this method were found to be in good agreement with those obtained by UV spectrophotometric method. For UV spectrophotometric analysis ethanol was used as a solvent and wavelength of 233 nm, 246 nm, 296 nm, and 250 nm was selected for determination of eprosartan mesylate, irbesartan, telmisartan, and valsartan respectively. The proposed titrimetric method is simple, rapid, convenient and sufficiently precise for quality control purposes.
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RAPID SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ALISKIREN AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE FROM THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS BY MONOLITHIC SILICA HPLC COLUMN EMPLOYING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.582910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Simultaneous determination of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide from their pharmaceutical preparations using a validated stability-indicating MEKC method. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1859-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Simultaneous densitometric TLC analysis of olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide in the tablet dosage form. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Multivariate optimization and validation of an analytical methodology by RP-HPLC for the determination of losartan potassium in capsules. Talanta 2009; 80:236-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Certain Diuretics Through Ternary Complex Formation with Eosin and Lead (II). J Fluoresc 2009; 20:275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Determination of losartan, telmisartan, and valsartan by direct injection of human urine into a column-switching liquid chromatographic system with fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Analysis of angiotensin II receptor antagonist and protein markers at microliter level plasma by LC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Multi-syringe chromatography (MSC) system for the on-line solid-phase extraction and determination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in superficial water, groundwater and wastewater outlet samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:212-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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A multivariate approach for the simultaneous determination of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide in a combined pharmaceutical tablet formulation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2949-55. [PMID: 18528688 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A convenient new method for the simultaneous determination of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide, with minimum sample pretreatment, is described. The procedure, based on the multivariate analysis of spectral data in the 220-274 nm region by the partial least squares algorithm, is linear in the concentration range 1.06-5.70 mg L(-1) for hydrochlorothiazide and 4.0-22.2 mg L(-1) for losartan. It is simple, rapid and robust, allowing accurate and precise results, with drug recovery rates of 99.3 and 100.4% and relative standard deviations of 1.7 and 1.0% obtained for hydrochlorothiazide and losartan, respectively. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of both analytes in tablets, and it provided good results which were in statistical agreement with those provided by independent HPLC analyses of the samples. The method has also been successfully applied for the construction of drug dissolution profiles of a commercial pharmaceutical preparation containing both analytes.
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Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in tablets by high-performance low-pressure chromatography using a multi-syringe burette coupled to a monolithic column. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2349-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating LC Method to Quantify Hydrochlorothiazide in Oral Suspension for Pediatric Use. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Determination of Troxerutin in Troxerutin Tablets by Monolithic Capillary Electrochromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200048880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Interaction of hydrochlorothiazide with cationic surfactant micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Application of Multivariate Calibration Techniques to HPLC Data for Quantitative Analysis of a Binary Mixture of Hydrochlorathiazide and Losartan in Tablets. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Stability study of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets. Int J Pharm 2004; 291:127-37. [PMID: 15707739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of stability testing is to investigate how the quality of a drug product changes with time under the influence of environmental factors, to establish a shelf life for the product and to recommend storage conditions. Stability study of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets is presented in this paper. Losartan (angiotensin II receptor antagonist) and hydrochlorothiazide (diuretic) are successfully used in association in the treatment of hypertension. Stability study of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets consisted of three steps: stress test (forced degradation study), preliminary testing (selection of packaging) and formal stability testing. The results of stress test suggested that losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets are sensitive to moisture. It was demonstrated that the developed analytical methods are stability indicating. Additional preliminary testing was performed in order to select appropriate packaging for losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets. OPA/Al/PVC//Al blisters were found to provide adequate protection for the product. Based on the first 12 months of the formal stability study, a shelf life of 24 months was proposed. Losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets in OPA/Al/PVC//Al blisters are demonstrated to be chemically, physically and microbiologically stable.
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35
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Determination of hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical preparations by time resolved chemiluminescence. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the determination of cyclizine hydrochloride in tablets and suppositories. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:233-9. [PMID: 15030899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2003] [Revised: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Current compendial methods of assay for the analysis of cyclizine tablets involve the use of UV spectrophotometry. Since this is a non-selective technique its application to more complex dosage forms, such as suppositories, is unlikely to be appropriate. There is therefore a need for the development of a highly specific quantitative analytical method, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE). The latter technique was chosen in view of some specific advantages over HPLC, such as the use of relatively non-toxic aqueous buffers, as opposed to organic solvents, which obviates the use of expensive HPLC grade solvents making CE more cost effective. Cyclizine was analyzed in 50mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.3) and run at an applied voltage 25 kV. Detection sensitivity was enhanced by using a wavelength of 200 nm and samples were loaded hydrodynamically onto an uncoated fused-silica capillary (60 cm x 50 mm i.d.). Chlorcyclizine was used as the internal standard and resolution of both compounds was achieved in less than 7 min. Stress testing was undertaken in order to investigate the appearance of breakdown products. The method has the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and precision to assay cyclizine in tablets and suppositories. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of cyclizine and the assay is thus stability-indicating.
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Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and several angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists by capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:329-39. [PMID: 12609672 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the capability of the capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic (MEKC) methods to simultaneously separate hydrochlorothiazide and six angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (ARA-IIs): candesartan, eprosartan mesylate, irbesartan, losartan potassium, telmisartan, and valsartan. The CZE and MEKC methods are suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of combined HCT/ARA-IIs in pharmaceutical formulations. Depending on the ARA-II, at least one of the two methods can be used for each combination. The two methods have been validated in terms of their linearity of response, reproducibility, and accuracy.
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Determination of hydrochlorothiazide and rutin in Chinese herb medicines and human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 30:1507-14. [PMID: 12467922 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CZE-AD) was firstly applied to the simultaneous determination of rutin (RT) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in compound Chinese herb medicines and human urine samples. The two analytes could be perfectly analyzed within 12 min and showed significant current responses at carbon electrode under the optimum conditions. It was found that the linear range of HCT was from 2.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) and that of RT was from 1.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-4) mol l(-1). Their sensitivity was determined by linear regression and calculated as 7.02 x 10(4) and 2.17 x 10(5) nA l mol(-1), respectively, and their detection limits were 5.0 x 10(-7) and 2.0 x 10(-7) mol l(-1), respectively (S/N=3). Above results demonstrated that this method was of high sensitivity, good repeatability, high selectivity and could be used in metabolic kinetics studies of medicines. Satisfactory results were obtained when this method was used to simultaneously analyze the amounts of RT and HCT in one general compound Chinese herb medicine-Zhen Ju jiang Ya Pian and human urine samples.
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