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Eawsakul K, Panichayupakaranant P, Ongtanasup T, Warinhomhoun S, Noonong K, Bunluepuech K. Computational study and in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effects of medicinal plants from a Thai folk remedy. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08078. [PMID: 34632145 PMCID: PMC8488491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased worldwide. Although an instant cure was achieved with the standard treatment acabose, unsatisfactory symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease after acabose administration have been reported. Therefore, it is important to explore new treatments. A Thai folk recipe has long been used for T2DM treatment, and it effectively decreases blood glucose. However, the mechanism of this recipe has never been proven. Therefore, the potential anti-T2DM effect of this recipe, which is used in Thai hospitals, was determined to involve alpha-glucosidase (AG) inhibition with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). In vitro experiments showed that crude Cinnamomum verum extract (IC50 = 0.35 ± 0.12 mg/mL) offered excellent inhibitory activity, followed by extracts from Tinospora crispa (IC50 = 0.69 ± 0.39 mg/mL), Stephania suberosa (IC50 = 1.50 ± 0.17 mg/mL), Andrographis paniculate (IC50 = 1.78 ± 0.35 mg/mL), and Thunbergia laurifolia (IC50 = 4.66 ± 0.27 mg/mL). However, the potencies of these extracts were lower than that of acabose (IC50 = 0.55 ± 0.11 mg/mL). Therefore, this study investigated and developed a formulation of this recipe using computational docking. Among 61 compounds, 7 effectively inhibited AG, including chlorogenic acid (IC50 = 819.07 pM) through 5 hydrogen bonds (HBs) and 2 hydrophobic interactions (HIs); β-sitosterol (IC50 = 4.46 nM, 6 HIs); ergosterol peroxide (IC50 = 4.18 nM, 6 HIs); borapetoside D (IC50 = 508.63 pM, 7 HBs and 2 HIs); borapetoside A (IC50 = 1.09 nM, 2 HBs and 2 His), stephasubimine (IC50 = 285.37 pM, 6 HIs); and stephasubine (IC50 = 1.09 nM, 3 HBs and 4 HIs). These compounds bind with high affinity to different binding pockets, leading to additive effects. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of six of these seven compounds (except ergosterol peroxide) showed poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which would allow for competitive binding to AG in the small intestine. These results indicate that the development of these 6 compounds into oral antidiabetic agents is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komgrit Eawsakul
- School of Medicine, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Ongtanasup
- School of Medicine, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Sakan Warinhomhoun
- School of Medicine, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | | | - Kingkan Bunluepuech
- School of Medicine, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Kasemsumran S, Apiwatanapiwat W, Ngowsuwan K, Jungtheerapanich S. Rapid selection of Andrographis paniculata medicinal plant materials based on major bioactive using near-infrared spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:5633-5644. [PMID: 34177074 PMCID: PMC8215322 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The quantitative analysis of andrographolides in Andrographis paniculata plant materials is essential for pharmaceutical factories. This analysis cannot be done for all samples due to the conventional process using the extraction and HPLC methods requires a long analysis time and sample destruction. Therefore, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to classify the class of A. paniculata and to determine the content of two active ingredients, andrographolide (AP1) and dehydroandrographolide (AP3) in A. paniculata, rapidly and non-destructively. One hundred twenty dried powder samples were obtained from aerial parts, branches, leaves, and branches mixed with leaves. The NIR absorption scans were collected from a broad spectral region (1000–2500 nm). Then, the scanned samples were extracted and analyzed for their AP1 and AP3 contents using an HPLC reference method. The success classification model based on AP1 level was developed using the second derivative pretreated NIR spectra of the entire wavelength region using the Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) method. The NIR calibration models were developed and tested for quantitative analysis with 50 independent samples. The models were identified for the analysis of the AP1 content with excellent performance (correlation coefficient (R) = 0.98; standard error of validation (SEV) = 0.24%) and for the analysis of the AP3 content at a good level of efficiency (R = 0.93; SEV = 0.15%). This study showed that NIR spectroscopic method offers rapid analysis for the selection of A. paniculata that meets the requirement in bioactive amount. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-021-01746-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaporn Kasemsumran
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, 50, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Waraporn Apiwatanapiwat
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, 50, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Krairuek Ngowsuwan
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, 50, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Sunee Jungtheerapanich
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, 50, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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Malik Z, Parveen R, Parveen B, Zahiruddin S, Aasif Khan M, Khan A, Massey S, Ahmad S, Husain SA. Anticancer potential of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and its mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113936. [PMID: 33610710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Synthetic drugs used for cancer treatment have side effects that may be immunosupressive, can cause liver, kidney and cardiac toxicity, and infertility and ovarian failure, among others. Thus, herbal drugs could be used in the cancer treatment as an adjuvant therapy. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (AP) is one of the traditional herbs used in different alternative medicinal systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Chinese, Malayi, Siddha, etc. for the treatment of various disorders and diseases including cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of writing this review is to highlight the medicinal importance of AP and its main phytoconstituent andrographolide (AG). The main emphasis was given on the anticancer activity of AG, its proposed mechanisms of action, novel approaches used to improve its biopharmaceutical properties with the perspective of evidence-based research, and its development as an adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment in future. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature survey was conducted and research papers were retrieved from different databases such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, ACS, Wiley online library, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Scopus during 1970-2020. Research articles, review articles, and short communications, etc. were used for this purpose. The papers were selected on the basis of exclusion and inclusion criteria. RESULTS Different anticancer mechanisms of AG have been reportedly proven such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, NF-κβ inhibition, antiangiogenesis, cytokine inhibition, etc. whereas its pharmacokinetic properties showed its highly protein bound nature, Cyt P400 (CYP) inhibition, low aqueous solubility, poor oral bioavailability, etc. Different novel formulations of AG have been investigated to increase its bioavailability for better efficacy. CONCLUSION This review can provide knowledge about the potential applicability of AP or AG as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment. Further research is needed before making any conclusion about the efficacy in humans as an adjuvant therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Malik
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India; Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India; Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asifa Khan
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sheersh Massey
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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Hossain S, Urbi Z, Karuniawati H, Mohiuddin RB, Moh Qrimida A, Allzrag AMM, Ming LC, Pagano E, Capasso R. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: An Updated Review of Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial Pharmacology, and Clinical Safety and Efficacy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:348. [PMID: 33923529 PMCID: PMC8072717 DOI: 10.3390/life11040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease (ID) is one of the top-most serious threats to human health globally, further aggravated by antimicrobial resistance and lack of novel immunization options. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees and its metabolites have been long used to treat IDs. Andrographolide, derived from A. paniculata, can inhibit invasive microbes virulence factors and regulate the host immunity. Controlled clinical trials revealed that A. paniculata treatment is safe and efficacious for acute respiratory tract infections like common cold and sinusitis. Hence, A. paniculata, mainly andrographolide, could be considered as an excellent candidate for antimicrobial drug development. Considering the importance, medicinal values, and significant role as antimicrobial agents, this study critically evaluated the antimicrobial therapeutic potency of A. paniculata and its metabolites, focusing on the mechanism of action in inhibiting invasive microbes and biofilm formation. A critical evaluation of the secondary metabolites with the aim of identifying pure compounds that possess antimicrobial functions has further added significant values to this study. Notwithstanding that A. paniculata is a promising source of antimicrobial agents and safe treatment for IDs, further empirical research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Zannat Urbi
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Hidayah Karuniawati
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia;
| | - Ramisa Binti Mohiuddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh 1902, Tangail, Bangladesh;
| | - Ahmed Moh Qrimida
- Department of Agriculture, Higher Institute of Overall Occupations-Sooq Al Khamees Imsahil, Tripoli 1300, Libya; (A.M.Q.); (A.M.M.A.)
| | - Akrm Mohamed Masaud Allzrag
- Department of Agriculture, Higher Institute of Overall Occupations-Sooq Al Khamees Imsahil, Tripoli 1300, Libya; (A.M.Q.); (A.M.M.A.)
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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In vitro anti-biofilm activity of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:15-27. [PMID: 31691922 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide is a biologically active molecule present in the extract of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), a classic ethnic herbal formula, which has been used for over thousand years as therapeutics to treat numerous infectious diseases like upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and many more health issues. The present study is designed to ascertain an inhibitor against biofilm formation from the major metabolites of Andrographis paniculata, because the extract of this herb shows inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) communication and biofilm development against microorganisms. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide at 0.1 mM (sub-MIC dose) with azithromycin (6 μg/mL, sub-MIC) or gentamicin (4 μg/mL, sub-MIC) synergistically inhibits 92% biofilm production by a 48-h treatment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further investigation carried out by atomic force microscopy shows promising reduction in roughness and height of biofilm in the presence of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide compared with the control group. The content of extracellular polymeric substances, level of pyocyanin production, and synthesis of extracellular protease by P. aeruginosa have also been reduced significantly at around 90% in 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide-treated group. In conclusion, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide could be used as a drug molecule against biofilm development by inhibiting QS pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Lai X, Li J, Gong X, Lin X, Tang G, Li R, Jia C, Wang D, Ji S. Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Andrographolides in Andrographis paniculata by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1450416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiudi Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junni Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengqiu Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canchao Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengguo Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pawar A, Rajalakshmi S, Mehta P, Shaikh K, Bothiraja C. Strategies for formulation development of andrographolide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is the comprehensive account of the pharmaceutical aspects of andrographolide with special emphasis on its delivery that have take place over the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune 411038
- India
| | - S. Rajalakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Padmashree Dr D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411044
- India
| | - Piyush Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune 411038
- India
| | | | - Chellampillai Bothiraja
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune 411038
- India
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Kurzawa M, Filipiak-Szok A, Kłodzińska E, Szłyk E. Determination of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Andrographis paniculata using chromatographic methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 995-996:101-6. [PMID: 26050926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity, total phenolics content and selected phytochemicals (alkaloids and andrographolides) were determined in Andrographis paniculata and in dietary supplements containing this plant. Antioxidant activity was measured by FRAP, CUPRAC and DPPH procedures and ranged from 503.36 to 6164.09μmol TE/100g d.m. depending on methods, part of plant and kind of dietary supplement. The total phenolics (175.13-1723.79mg GAE/100g) and andrographolides content (19.44-85.13mg/g) in the studied samples were correlated with antioxidant activities determined by CUPRAC, FRAP and DPPH (r>0.95, p<0.05 level). Purine alkaloids: caffeine, theobromine, theophylline and indole alkaloids: harmine, harmane, harmol, yohimbine, brucine and strychnine were detected in the studied samples by different chromatographic techniques (HPLC-DAD, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS). The total alkaloids content in APs-roots and APs-leaves varies from 50.71±0.36mg/g d.m. to 78.71±0.48mg/g d.m., respectively, whereas for dietary supplements (Pn and DK) TAC was found between 19.52±0.15mg/g and 22.18±0.15mg/g d.m.. The highest concentration of andrographolides was found in A. paniculata leaves, whereas the lowest in dietary supplement Pn. Moreover principal component analysis, cluster analysis and one-way ANOVA follow by Duncan's tests were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna Kurzawa
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Chemistry, Gagarin 7 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Filipiak-Szok
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Chemistry, Gagarin 7 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kłodzińska
- Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 55 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Edward Szłyk
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Chemistry, Gagarin 7 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Tan ML, Lim LE. The effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees extract and diterpenoids on the CYP450 isoforms' activities, a review of possible herb-drug interaction risks. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:241-53. [PMID: 25156015 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.947504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees is a popular medicinal plant and its components are used in various traditional product preparations. However, its herb-drug interactions risks remain unclear. This review specifically discusses the various published studies carried out to evaluate the effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees plant extracts and diterpenoids on the CYP450 metabolic enzyme and if the plant components pose a possible herb-drug interaction risk. Unfortunately, the current data are insufficient to indicate if the extracts or diterpenoids can be labeled as in vitro CYP1A2, CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 inhibitors. A complete CYP inhibition assay utilizing human liver microsomes and the derivation of relevant parameters to predict herb-drug interaction risks may be necessary for these isoforms. However, based on the current studies, none of the extracts and diterpenoids exhibited CYP450 induction activity in human hepatocytes or human-derived cell lines. It is crucial that a well-defined experimental design is needed to make a meaningful herb-drug interaction prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lan Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia and
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Okhuarobo A, Ehizogie Falodun J, Erharuyi O, Imieje V, Falodun A, Langer P. Harnessing the medicinal properties of Andrographis paniculata for diseases and beyond: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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A novel flow-injection chemiluminescence method for determination of andrographolide in andrographis tablets. Drug Test Anal 2012; 5:340-5. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Identification of genes involved in the regulation of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide-induced toxicity in T-47D mammary cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:431-44. [PMID: 22101062 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide is one of the principle compounds of the medicinal plant, Andrographis paniculata Nees. This study explored the mechanisms of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide-induced toxicity and non-apoptotic cell death in T-47D breast carcinoma cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide exerted its cytotoxic effects by regulating genes that inhibit the cell cycle or promote cell cycle arrest. This compound regulated genes that are known to reduce/inhibit cell proliferation, induce growth arrest and suppress cell growth. The growth suppression activities of this compound were demonstrated by a downregulation of several genes normally found to be over-expressed in cancers. Microscopic analysis revealed positive monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining at 8h, indicating possible autophagosomes. TEM analysis revealed that the treated cells were highly vacuolated, thereby suggesting that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide may cause autophagic morphology in these cells. This morphology may be correlated with the concurrent expression of genes known to affect lysosomal activity, ion transport, protein degradation and vesicle transport. Interestingly, some apoptotic-like bodies were found, and these bodies contained multiple large vacuoles, suggesting that this compound is capable of eliciting a combination of apoptotic and autophagic-like morphological characteristics.
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Chatuphonprasert W, Remsungnen T, Nemoto N, Jarukamjorn K. Different AhR binding sites of diterpenoid ligands from Andrographis paniculata caused differential CYP1A1 induction in primary culture in mouse hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1757-63. [PMID: 21963808 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata has been employed as a folklore remedy. Andrographolide (Andro), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DHA), andrographiside (AS), and neoandrographolide (Neo), are major diterpenoids isolated from this plant. In the present study, influence of the four diterpenoids on CYP1A1 mRNA expression was investigated in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Additionally, binding of these compounds to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was examined using molecular docking analysis to clarify mechanism of CYP1A1 induction. Andro and DHA induced CYP1A1 expression by itself, and co-treatment with a CYP1A1 inducer (BNF, beta-naphthoflavone) showed a synergistic increase of CYP1A1 expression. Andro demonstrated higher enhancing activity than DHA at every similar concentration. On the other hand, Neo suppressed BNF-induced CYP1A1 expression, but AS did not modify the induction. Results from molecular docking analysis of BNF and four diterpenoids on ligand binding domain of AhR were consistent with levels of CYP1A1 mRNA expressions. Furthermore, difference of binding sites of BNF in the presence of diterpenoids might affect the synergism or inhibition of CYP1A1 expression. These results suggest that use of A. paniculata as a health supplement should be concerned in term of herb-drugs interactions or risk of carcinogenesis, according to its ability to influence CYP1A1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waranya Chatuphonprasert
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Mittrapharb Road, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Patel MB, Kadakia VM, Mishra SH. Simultaneous estimation of andrographolide and wedelolactone in herbal formulations. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:689-93. [PMID: 21394279 PMCID: PMC3038307 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.45421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide and wedelolactone are active components of Andrographis paniculata and Eclipta alba, respectively. The extracts of these plants are used in many traditional hepatoprotective formulations. An attempt has been made to develop an accurate, precise and specific HPTLC method to quantify simultaneously both these chemical markers of diversified chemical structures in different dosage forms like tablet and syrup. Precoated silica 60F(254) plates with toluene:acetone:formic acid (9:6:1) as mobile phase and detection wavelength of 254 nm were used. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity. The calibration curve was found to be linear between 200 to 400 ng/spot for andrographolide and 100 to 200 ng/spot for wedelolactone. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for andrographolide were 26.16 and 79.28 ng/spot, respectively and for wedelolactone 5.06 and 15.32 ng/spot, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Patel
- Pharmacy Department, Kalabhavan, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001, India
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Identification of potassium dehydroandrographolidi succinas and its major metabolites in rat urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Bhope SG, Kuber VV, Ghosh VK, Patil MJ. A NOVEL APPROACH FOR THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND STABILITY TESTING OF AYURVEDIC POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS BY HPTLC FINGERPRINT METHOD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.534723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrinivas G. Bhope
- a Department of Analytical Development (R&D) , Tulip Lab Pvt. Ltd. Ranjangaon , Pune, India
| | - Vinod V. Kuber
- a Department of Analytical Development (R&D) , Tulip Lab Pvt. Ltd. Ranjangaon , Pune, India
| | - Vivek K. Ghosh
- a Department of Analytical Development (R&D) , Tulip Lab Pvt. Ltd. Ranjangaon , Pune, India
| | - Manohar J. Patil
- b Department of Pharmacognosy , Marathwada Mitra Mandal College of Pharmacy , Pune, India
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Singh M, Singh A, Tripathi R, Verma R, Gupta M, Mishra H, Singh H, Singh A. Growth Behavior, Biomass and Diterpenoid Lactones Production in Kalmegh (Andrographis Paniculata Nees.) Strains at Different Population Densities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/aj.2011.115.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Ji L, Shen K, Jiang P, Morahan G, Wang Z. Critical roles of cellular glutathione homeostasis and jnk activation in andrographolide-mediated apoptotic cell death in human hepatoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:580-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Ooi JP, Kuroyanagi M, Sulaiman SF, Muhammad TST, Tan ML. Andrographolide and 14-Deoxy-11, 12-Didehydroandrographolide inhibit cytochrome P450s in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Life Sci 2011; 88:447-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Jain PK, Ravichandran V, Jain PK, Agrawal RK. High-performance thin layer chromatography method for estimation of andrographolide in herbal extract and polyherbal formulations. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Effects of Andrographis paniculata and Orthosiphon stamineus extracts on the glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone in human UGT isoforms. Molecules 2010; 15:3578-92. [PMID: 20657500 PMCID: PMC6263374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Andrographis paniculata and Orthosiphon stamineus extracts on the in vitro glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) by recombinant human UGTs, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A10, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 were determined. The potential inhibitory effects of both of the extracts on the activity of each of the UGT isoforms were investigated using 4MU as the substrate. Incubations contained UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) as the cofactor, MgCl2, cell lysate of respective isoform, and 4MU at the approximate apparent Km or S50 value of each isoform. Final concentrations of Andrographis paniculata and Orthosiphon stamineus extracts used were 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 25 and 50 μg/mL and 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 50 μg/mL respectively. Both extracts variably inhibited the activity of most of the isoforms in a concentration dependent manner. Andrographis paniculata extract was the better inhibitor of all the isoforms studied (IC50 1.70 μg/mL for UGT1A3, 2.57 μg/mL for UGT1A8, 2.82 μg/mL for UGT2B7, 5.00 μg/mL for UGT1A1, 5.66 μg/mL for UGT1A6, 9.88 μg/mL for UGT1A7 and 15.66 μg/mL for UGT1A10). Both extracts showed less than 70% inhibition of UGT2B15, so the IC50 values were >50μg/mL. The inhibition of human UGTs by Andrographis paniculata and Orthosiphon stamineus extracts in vitro suggests a potential for drug-herbal extract interactions in the therapeutic setting.
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Chien CF, Wu YT, Lee WC, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Herb–drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 184:458-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li J, Song SM, Liu HM. Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of potassium dehydroandrographolidi succinas and identification of its degradation products in potassium dehydroandrographolidi succinas injection. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2010; 16:523-530. [PMID: 20625205 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI- MS/MS) method was established for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of potassium dehydroandrographolidi succinas (DAS-K) and its degradation products, respectively, in DAS-K injection, a widely used drug in China. The analytical HPLC was performed on a Waters RP-C18 column using 5 micromol m(-1) ammonium acetate (pH 3.0, adjusted by formic acid) and methanol as the mobile phase. Detection was performed on a Micromass Quattro micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization. Three major degradation products were separated, detected and identified simultaneously by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS results. An HPLC method for the assay of DAS-K in its injection was then established. The multiple reaction monitoring function (m/z 550.14-->m/z 297.04 for DAS-K) enabled the quantification of DAS-K down to 0.2 ng m(-1). The calibration graph was linear (r better than 0.999, n = 7) in the concentration range 2.0-100 ng mL(-1). The values for the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) were less than 1.7% and 2.5% for DAS-K. The average recovery rate was over 98%, with an RSD less than 3.0%. This is the first report on the degradation products in DAS-K injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Li W, Fitzloff JF. HPLC–PDA Determination of Bioactive Diterpenoids from Plant Materials and Commercial Products of Andrographis paniculata. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200028162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Li
- a Functional Foods for Health (FFH) Core Analytical Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (PCRPS), College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago , Illinois , 60612 , USA
| | - John F. Fitzloff
- a Functional Foods for Health (FFH) Core Analytical Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (PCRPS), College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago , Illinois , 60612 , USA
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Pekthong D, Blanchard N, Abadie C, Bonet A, Heyd B, Mantion G, Berthelot A, Richert L, Martin H. Effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and Andrographolide on hepatic cytochrome P450 mRNA expression and monooxygenase activities after in vivo administration to rats and in vitro in rat and human hepatocyte cultures. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 179:247-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Arpini S, Fuzzati N, Giori A, Martino E, Mombelli G, Pagni L, Ramaschi G. HPLC-DAD-MS Fingerprint of Andrographis Paniculata (Burn. f.) Nees (Acanthaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800301208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An HPLC-UV fingerprint analysis was developed for the quality evaluation of Andrographis paniculata aerial parts. HPLC-DAD-MS experiments allowed the identification of eleven diterpenes and five flavonoids. Plant material of Indian and Chinese origin was evaluated employing the developed method. The chemical fingerprints of the plant material of different origins do not show significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Arpini
- Indena S.p.A. Research and Development Laboratories, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20090 Settala (MI), Italy
| | - Nicola Fuzzati
- Indena S.p.A. Research and Development Laboratories, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20090 Settala (MI), Italy
| | - Andrea Giori
- Indena S.p.A. Research and Development Laboratories, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20090 Settala (MI), Italy
| | - Emanuela Martino
- Dipartimento di Ecologia del Territorio, Università di Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mombelli
- Indena S.p.A. Research and Development Laboratories, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20090 Settala (MI), Italy
| | - Luca Pagni
- Indena S.p.A. Research and Development Laboratories, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20090 Settala (MI), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ramaschi
- Indena S.p.A. Research and Development Laboratories, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20090 Settala (MI), Italy
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Pekthong D, Martin H, Abadie C, Bonet A, Heyd B, Mantion G, Richert L. Differential inhibition of rat and human hepatic cytochrome P450 by Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:432-440. [PMID: 18053665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and andrographolide (AND), the most medicinally active phytochemical in the extract, on hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) activities was examined using rat and human liver microsomes. For this purpose, CYP1A2-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation, CYP2B1-dependent benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylation, CYP2B6-dependent bupropion hydroxylation, CYP2C-dependent tolbutamide hydroxylation, CYP2E1-dependent p-nitrophenol hydroxylation and CYP3A-dependent testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation activities, were determined in the presence and absence of APE or AND (0-200 microM). APE inhibited ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation activity in rat and human liver microsomes, with apparent Ki values of 8.85 and 24.46 microM, respectively. In each case, the mode of inhibition was noncompetitive. APE also inhibited tolbutamide hydroxylation both in rat and human microsomes with apparent Ki values of 8.21 and 7.51 microM, respectively and the mode of inhibition was mixed type. In addition, APE showed a competitive inhibition only on CYP3A4 in human microsomes with Ki of 25.43 microM. AND was found to be a weak inhibitor of rat CYP2E1 with a Ki of 61.1 microM but did not affect human CYP2E1. In conclusion, it cannot be excluded from the present study that APE could cause drug-drug interactions in humans through CYP3A and 2C9 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pekthong
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 3921 Optimisation Métabolique et Cellulaire, UFR des Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Besançon, France
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Gu Y, Ma J, Liu Y, Chen B, Yao S. Determination of andrographolide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:328-31. [PMID: 17482530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 03/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a rapid method based on high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) method for the quantitative determination of andrographolide (AND) in human plasma has been developed and validated. A liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedure was selected to isolate AND from biological matrixes. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) was selected as the internal standard (IS). The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.998, in the range of 9.9-320.0 ng/mL. The validated method may be used to assess the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Gu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Li W, Fitzloff JF. DETERMINATION OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE IN COMMERCIAL ANDROGRAPHIS (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA) PRODUCTS USING HPLC WITH EVAPORATIVE LIGHT SCATTERING DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120004750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Li
- a Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS, m/c 877), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (m/c 781), College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, U.S.A
| | - John F. Fitzloff
- b Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS, m/c 877), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (m/c 781), College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, U.S.A
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Prathanturarug S, Soonthornchareonnon N, Chuakul W, Saralamp P. Variation in growth and diterpene lactones among field-cultivated Andrographis paniculata. J Nat Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-006-0115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Chen L, Jin H, Ding L, Zhang H, Wang X, Wang Z, Li J, Qu C, Wang Y, Zhang H. On-line coupling of dynamic microwave-assisted extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis paniculata Nees. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1140:71-7. [PMID: 17156791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel technique based on dynamic microwave-assisted extraction (DMAE) coupled on-line with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) through a flow injection interface has been developed for determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis paniculata Nees. A TM(010) microwave resonance cavity built in the laboratory was applied to concentrating the microwave energy. An extraction vessel was placed in microwave irradiation zone. The extraction was performed in a recirculating system. When a number of extraction cycles were completed, the fractional extract (20muL) was driven to the analytical column by 65% aqueous methanol and was measured by diode array detector (DAD) at 225nm. The optimized extraction conditions are follows: extraction solvent 60% aqueous methanol; microwave forward power 80W; extraction time 6min; extraction solvent flow-rate 1.0mLmin(-1). The detection and quantification limits obtained are 0.5 and 1.7microgmL(-1) for andrographolide and 0.6 and 1.9microgmL(-1) for dehydroandrographolide, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision (RSD) are 2.1% and 3.7% for andrographolide and 1.7% and 4.1% for dehydroandrographolide, respectively. Mean recoveries for andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide are 97.7% and 98.7%, respectively. Compared with ultrasonic extraction used in the Chinese pharmacopoeia, the proposed method was demonstrated to obtain higher extraction yield in a shorter time. In addition, only small quantities of solvent (5mL) and sample (10mg) were required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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Zhang YT, Zhang ZJ, Sun YH. A Study on the Interaction of the DAS-K with Bovine Serum Albumin by On-line Ultrafiltration and Chemiluminescence. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhou J, Zhang S, Ong CN, Shen HM. Critical role of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members in andrographolide-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:132-44. [PMID: 16740251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, Andro induced apoptosis in human cancer cells via activation of caspase 8 in the extrinsic death receptor pathway and subsequently with the participation of mitochondria. Andro triggered a caspase 8-dependent Bid cleavage, followed by a series of sequential events including Bax conformational change and mitochondrial translocation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and activation of caspase 9 and 3. Inhibition of caspase 8 blocked Bid cleavage and Bax conformational change. Consistently, knockdown of Bid protein using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique suppressed Andro-induced Bax conformational change and apoptosis. In conclusion, the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bid and Bax) are the key mediators in relaying the cell death signaling initiated by Andro from caspase 8 to mitochondria and then to downstream effector caspases, and eventually leading to apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore
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Yanfang Z, Xingping L, Zongde Z, Liren C, Yongmin L. Simultaneous determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis paniculata and Chinese medicinal preparations by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:157-61. [PMID: 15894448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 04/02/2005] [Accepted: 04/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes the development of a microemulsion electrokinetic chromatographic (MEEKC) method for simultaneous determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in traditional Chinese medicines and Chinese medicinal preparations. The MEEKC method involved the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant, heptane as organic solvent and butan-1-ol as co-solvent. The effect of temperature and pH of running buffers on separation were examined. The optimized conditions (heptane 0.81% (w/w), SDS 3.31% (w/w), butan-1-ol 6.61% (w/w) and 10mM sodium tetraborate buffer, pH 9.2) allowed a useful and good reproducible separation of the studied analytes to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yanfang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Zhao Y, Ming Y, Zhang H, Luo X, Chen L, Li Y. Rapid Determination of Diterpenoids in Andrographis paniculata by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Short-End Injection. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pholphana N, Rangkadilok N, Thongnest S, Ruchirawat S, Ruchirawat M, Satayavivad J. Determination and variation of three active diterpenoids in Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2004; 15:365-371. [PMID: 15595451 DOI: 10.1002/pca.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Simple and rapid methods have been developed for the extraction and simultaneous determination of the three active diterpenoids, andrographolide (AP1), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP3) and neoandrographolide (AP4), from various samples of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees. Methanol extracts from the dried leaves, stems and crude products were analysed by isocratic HPLC using a methanol and water mobile phase with monitoring at 220 nm. There was a large variation of the three active diterpenoids in different A. paniculata products obtained from Thai markets. The results indicated that the amounts of these active compounds consumed, based on the recommended daily doses, from materials obtained from the different suppliers will be different. In addition, the stability of these three active compounds was also examined in dry herbs stored at room temperature. The results showed that andrographolide was more stable than the others. In contrast, the content of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide increased and the neoandrographolide content fluctuated during storage time. The combination of different levels of these compounds in the source materials and the changes during storage could have a significant effect on the efficacy of this traditional herbal medicine in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthanit Pholphana
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Vibhavadee-Rangsit Highway, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Srivastava A, Misra H, Verma RK, Gupta MM. Chemical fingerprinting of Andrographis paniculata using HPLC, HPTLC and densitometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2004; 15:280-285. [PMID: 15508831 DOI: 10.1002/pca.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to develop a method by which to determine the chemical fingerprint of Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae). High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to analyse hexane, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of leaves of A. paniculata. A computerised densitometer was applied to the two-dimensional spectrographic image analysis of the HPTLC plates. An HPLC equipped with a photodiode array detector was used for the analyses of these different extracts. The analyses showed that andrographolide and neoandrographolide are absent in the hexane extract but are present in greater amounts in the methanol extract as compared with the other extracts. These chromatograms may serve as a chemical fingerprint of the drug A. paniculata for quality control purposes and in the preparation of formulations based on the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Srivastava
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
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38
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Lomlim L, Jirayupong N, Plubrukarn A. Heat-accelerated degradation of solid-state andrographolide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:24-6. [PMID: 12520123 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The stability of andrographolide, the major active diterpene lactone from Andrographis paniculata (BURM. f.) WALL. ex NEES., was determined to show that, while crystalline andrographolide was highly stable even at 70 degrees C (75% relative humidity) over a period of 3 months, its amorphous phase degraded promptly. Heat-accelerated conditions revealed second-order kinetics of the decomposition with the rate constant at 25 degrees C (k(25 degrees C)) predicted from the Arrhenius plot of 3.8 x 10(-6) x d(-1). The major decomposed product under elevated temperature (70 degrees C, 75% relative humidity) is 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luelak Lomlim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
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39
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Singh DV, Verma RK, Singh SC, Gupta MM. RP-LC determination of oleane derivatives in Terminalia arjuna. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:447-52. [PMID: 12008123 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid sensitive and reproductive reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with photo diode arrray detection is described for the simultaneous quantification of major oleane derivatives: arjunic acid (4), arjunolic acid (3), arjungenin (2) and arjunetin (1) in Terminalia arjuna extract. The method involves the use of a Waters Spherisorb S10 ODS2 column (250 x 4.6 mm, I.D., 10 microm) and binary gradient mobile phase profile. The various other aspects of analysis viz. Extraction efficiency, peak purity and similarity were validated using a photo diode array detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Singh
- Analytical Biophysical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow 226 015, India
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Cheung HY, Cheung CS, Kong CK. Determination of bioactive diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 930:171-6. [PMID: 11681575 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes the development of a micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method for simultaneous determination of andrographolide, deoxyandrographolide and neoandrographolide in ethanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata. Separations were carried out in a fused-silica capillary tube with UV detection at 214 nm. Good separation was achieved using a 20 mM borate buffer, containing 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and 10 mM sodium cholate, adjusted to pH 8.3 at an operating voltage of 25 kV, temperature of 35 degrees C and a hydrodynamic injection of 5 s. The method was validated with good correlation coefficients obtained (0.9986-0.9989) while relative standard deviation (RSD) of migration time was between 1.14 and 2.42. It is concluded that this method could be used for speedy and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of bioactive diterpenoids in andrographis herb and its derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Cheung
- Research Group for Bioactive Products, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon.
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