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Samarkandi OA, Aljuaid M, Abdulrahman Alkohaiz M, Al-Wathinani AM, Alobaid AM, Alghamdi AA, Alhallaf MA, Albaqami NA. Societal vulnerability in the context of population aging-Perceptions of healthcare students' in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:955754. [PMID: 36238236 PMCID: PMC9552710 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.955754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Healthcare professionals have an important role in increasing awareness and protecting populations from natural disasters. This study aimed to assess the perception of healthcare students toward societal vulnerability in the context of population aging. Methods This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted among students from two different health colleges over 4 months from February to May 2021. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the perception, and inferential testing was used to assess the various association of knowledge toward societal vulnerability using SPSS. Results The majority of respondents were male (69.2%), between 20 and 24 years of age (91.2%), and studying for a nursing degree (76.6%). Only 4.7% had previously completed a previous degree. The mean score of perceptions on the Aging and Disaster Vulnerability Scale among nursing students was 42.5 ± 10.3 (0-65) while for paramedicine 48.1 ± 9.7 (0-65). Similarly, the mean score among male students was 44.1 ±10.5. The mean PADVS total score for the cohort was 43.8 (SD = 10.5). The mean PADVS total score for nursing students was significantly lower than paramedic students (42.5 vs. 48.1; p < 0.001). There was no correlation between PADVS total score and gender, age, area of residence, or previous degree. Conclusion Our results indicate that Saudi healthcare students perceive older adults are somewhat vulnerable to disasters with significant differences between nursing and paramedic students. Furthermore, we suggest informing emergency services disaster response planning processes about educational intervention to overcome disasters in Saudi Arabia and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Samarkandi
- Nursing Informatics, Department of Basic Sciences, Vice Dean for Academic Affairs, Dean of Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Osama A. Samarkandi
| | - Mohammed Aljuaid
- Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed M. Al-Wathinani
- Department of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Prince Sultan College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Alobaid
- Department of Trauma and Accident, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alghamdi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alhallaf
- Department of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Albaqami
- Department of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Farouque A, Walker R, Erbas B. Thunderstorm Asthma Epidemic-A Systematic Review of the General Practice Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113796. [PMID: 32471129 PMCID: PMC7312025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thunderstorm asthma (TA) epidemics have been recognized globally as a rare phenomenon, producing a rapid surge of acute asthma presentations leading to an increased demand on emergency medical services and healthcare resources. General practitioners (GPs) are well placed in the community to contribute to healthcare during TA epidemics and similar disaster events. The aim of this review was to synthesize current evidence of the experiences of GPs during TA epidemics and similar surge events. A comprehensive systematic search of eleven electronic databases, including ancestry searching for peer-reviewed studies and grey literature published in English was conducted. Quantitative and qualitative study designs were included, and a quality assessment conducted. Of the 125 records identified, 16 were included for synthesis. During TA epidemics and surge events, GPs experience an increased demand for services, yet it is not known if general practice clinics experience resource limitations from this patient surge. While GPs express a willingness to help, few structures are in place to liaise, support and provide information to GPs during surge events. Following most surge/disaster events, no GP data is collected so it is not known how to improve coordination and communication between general practice services and emergency services. GPs have well-functioning adaptive management systems, and resources of space, supplies and staff thus the ability to increase surge capacity of their clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambereen Farouque
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia; (A.F.); (R.W.)
| | - Rae Walker
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia; (A.F.); (R.W.)
| | - Bircan Erbas
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia; (A.F.); (R.W.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-39-479-5657 or +61-39-479-1783
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Health Care Student Perceptions of Societal Vulnerability to Disasters in the Context of Population Aging. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2018; 13:449-455. [PMID: 30041707 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper reports on undergraduate health care students' perception of societal vulnerability to disasters in the context of population aging. Forecast increases in extreme weather events are likely to have a particularly devastating effect on older members of the community. METHODS Undergraduate paramedicine and nursing students were surveyed using the Perceptions of Ageing and Disaster Vulnerability Scale (PADVS) to determine their views on the risks posed to older members of the community by disasters. Data analysis included a comparison of subscales relating to isolation, health system readiness, declining function, and community inclusiveness. RESULTS Students reported a moderate level of concern about disaster vulnerability. Students who had previously completed another university degree reported significantly higher levels of concern than those without a prior degree. Australian students reported lower concern about societal vulnerability compared to a previously reported cohort of Japanese students. CONCLUSION Our study suggests current education of future health care students does not promote adequate levels of awareness of the health-related challenges posed by disasters, particularly among older members of the community. Without addressing this gap in education, the risk of negative outcomes for both unprepared first responders and older members of the community is significant. (Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2019;13:449-455).
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Devereaux AV, Tosh PK, Hick JL, Hanfling D, Geiling J, Reed MJ, Uyeki TM, Shah UA, Fagbuyi DB, Skippen P, Dichter JR, Kissoon N, Christian MD, Upperman JS. Engagement and education: care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters: CHEST consensus statement. Chest 2015; 146:e118S-33S. [PMID: 25144161 PMCID: PMC4504247 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engagement and education of ICU clinicians in disaster preparedness is fragmented by time constraints and institutional barriers and frequently occurs during a disaster. We reviewed the existing literature from 2007 to April 2013 and expert opinions about clinician engagement and education for critical care during a pandemic or disaster and offer suggestions for integrating ICU clinicians into planning and response. The suggestions in this article are important for all of those involved in a pandemic or large-scale disaster with multiple critically ill or injured patients, including front-line clinicians, hospital administrators, and public health or government officials. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed and suggestions formulated according to the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Consensus Statement development methodology. We assessed articles, documents, reports, and gray literature reported since 2007. Following expert-informed sorting and review of the literature, key priority areas and questions were developed. No studies of sufficient quality were identified upon which to make evidence-based recommendations. Therefore, the panel developed expert opinion-based suggestions using a modified Delphi process. RESULTS Twenty-three suggestions were formulated based on literature-informed consensus opinion. These suggestions are grouped according to the following thematic elements: (1) situational awareness, (2) clinician roles and responsibilities, (3) education, and (4) community engagement. Together, these four elements are considered to form the basis for effective ICU clinician engagement for mass critical care. CONCLUSIONS The optimal engagement of the ICU clinical team in caring for large numbers of critically ill patients due to a pandemic or disaster will require a departure from the routine independent systems operating in hospitals. An effective response will require robust information systems; coordination among clinicians, hospitals, and governmental organizations; pre-event engagement of relevant stakeholders; and standardized core competencies for the education and training of critical care clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha V. Devereaux
- Sharp Hospital, Coronado, CA
- 1224 10th Place #205, Coronado, CA 92118
| | | | - John L. Hick
- Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dan Hanfling
- Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - James Geiling
- VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Mary Jane Reed
- Geisinger Medical Center, Temple School of Medicine, Danville, PA
| | | | - Umair A. Shah
- Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel B. Fagbuyi
- The George Washington University, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Peter Skippen
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Niranjan Kissoon
- BC Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael D. Christian
- Royal Canadian Medical Service, Canadian Armed Forces and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S. Upperman
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Nonclinical core competencies and effects of interprofessional teamwork in disaster and emergency response training and practice: a pilot study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2014; 7:395-402. [PMID: 24229523 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2013.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define and delineate the nontechnical core competencies required for disaster response, Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) members were interviewed regarding their perspectives and experiences in disaster management. Also explored was the relationship between nontechnical competencies and interprofessional collaboration. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Canadian DMAT members to explore how they viewed nontechnical core competencies and how their experiences influenced their perceptions toward interprofessonalism in disaster response. Data were examined using thematic analysis. RESULTS Nontechnical core competencies were categorized under austere skills, interpersonal skills, and cognitive skills. Research participants defined interprofessionalism and discussed the importance of specific nontechnical core competencies to interprofessional collaboration. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study established a connection between nontechnical core competencies and interprofessional collaboration in DMAT activities. It also provided preliminary insights into the importance of context in developing an evidence base for competency training in disaster response and management. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1-8).
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Marchigiani R, Gordy S, Cipolla J, Adams RC, Evans DC, Stehly C, Galwankar S, Russell S, Marco AP, Kman N, Bhoi S, Stawicki SPA, Papadimos TJ. Wind disasters: A comprehensive review of current management strategies. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2013; 3:130-42. [PMID: 23961458 PMCID: PMC3743338 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wind disasters are responsible for tremendous physical destruction, injury, loss of life and economic damage. In this review, we discuss disaster preparedness and effective medical response to wind disasters. The epidemiology of disease and injury patterns observed in the early and late phases of wind disasters are reviewed. The authors highlight the importance of advance planning and adequate preparation as well as prompt and well-organized response to potential damage involving healthcare infrastructure and the associated consequences to the medical response system. Ways to minimize both the extent of infrastructure damage and its effects on the healthcare system are discussed, focusing on lessons learned from recent major wind disasters around the globe. Finally, aspects of healthcare delivery in disaster zones are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Marchigiani
- Department of Surgery, Temple St Luke's Medical School, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Willems A, Waxman B, Bacon AK, Smith J, Kitto S. Interprofessional non-technical skills for surgeons in disaster response: a literature review. J Interprof Care 2013; 27:380-6. [DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2013.791670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThe most recent tragedy in Manitoba illustrates that disasters can strike any community. Within Canada, a tiered disaster response system exists. Even though physicians often play an integral role in the disaster plan, few participate in the planning process or even appreciate their potential role in the event a disaster should occur. Physician involvement would guarantee health matters be appropriately addressed resulting in reduced mortality and decreased morbidity. There are ample opportunities to become involved in disaster planning and response at all levels government. The objective of this paper to inform physicians about the disaste planning infrastructure that exists in Canada, show them where they may get involved, and urge them to do so.
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Maguire BJ, Dean S, Bissell RA, Walz BJ, Bumbak AK. Epidemic and Bioterrorism Preparation among Emergency Medical Services Systems. Prehosp Disaster Med 2012; 22:237-42. [PMID: 17894220 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x0000474x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:The purpose of this research was to determine the preparedness of emergency medical services (EMS) agencies in one US state to cope with a massive epidemic event.Methods:Data were collected primarily through telephone interviews with EMS officials throughout the State. To provide a comparison, nine out-ofstate emergency services agencies were invited to participate.Results:Emergency medical services agencies from nine of the 23 counties (39%) provided responses to some or all of the questions in the telephone survey. Seven of the nine out-of-state agencies provided responses to the survey. Most of the EMS agencies do not have broad, formal plans for response to large-scale bio-terrorist or pandemic events.Conclusions:The findings indicate that EMS agencies in this state fundamentally are unprepared for a large-scale bioterrorism or pandemic event.The few existing plans rely heavily on mutual aid from agencies that may be incapable of providing such aid. Therefore, EMS agencies must be prepared to manage a response to these incidents without assistance from any agencies outside of their local community. In order to accomplish this, they must begin planning and develop close working relationships with public health, healthcare, and elected officials within their local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Maguire
- The Center for Emergency Education and Disaster Research, Department of Emergency Health Services, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.
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Zoraster RM, Chidester C, Koenig W. Field Triage and Patient Maldistribution in a Mass-Casualty Incident. Prehosp Disaster Med 2012; 22:224-9. [PMID: 17894217 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x00004714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:Management of mass-casualty incidents should optimize outcomes by appropriate prehospital care, and patient triage to the most capably facilities. The number of patients, the nature of injuries, transportation needs, distances, and hospital capabilities and availabilities are all factors to be considered. Patient maldistributions such as overwhelming individual facilities, or transport to facilities incapable of providing appropriate care should be avoided. This report is a critical view of the application of the START triage nomenclature in the prehospital arena following a train crash in Los Angeles County on 26 January 2005.Methods:A scheduled debriefing was held with the major fire and emergency medical services responders, Medical Alert Center staff, and hospitals to assess and review the response to the incident. Site visits were made to all of the hospitals involved. Follow-up questions were directed to emergency department staff that were on duty during the day of the incident.Results:The five Level-I Trauma Centers responded to the poll with the capacity to receive a total of 12 “Immediate” patients, 2.4 patients per center, the eight Level-II Trauma Centers responded with capacity to receive 17 “Immediate” patients, two patients per center, while the 25 closest community hospitals offered to accept 75 “Immediate” patients, three patients per hospital. These community hospitals were typically about one-half of the size of the trauma centers (average 287 beds versus 548, average 8.7 operating rooms versus 16.6). Twenty-six patients were transported to a community hospital >15 miles from the scene, while eight closer community hospitals did not receive any patients.Conclusions:The debriefing summary of this incident concluded that there were no consistently used criteria to decide ultimate destination for “Immediates”, and that they were distributed about equally between community hospitals and trauma centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Zoraster
- Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Commerce, California 90022-5152, USA.
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Oliver AL. Emergency Medical Services and 9-1-1 pandemic influenza preparedness: a national assessment. Am J Emerg Med 2012; 30:505-9. [PMID: 22306392 PMCID: PMC7135758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kaji AH, Langford V, Lewis RJ. Assessing Hospital Disaster Preparedness: A Comparison of an On-Site Survey, Directly Observed Drill Performance, and Video Analysis of Teamwork. Ann Emerg Med 2008; 52:195-201, 201.e1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no standardized measures of hospital disaster preparedness or hospital "surge capacity." OBJECTIVES To characterize disaster preparedness among a cohort of hospitals in Los Angeles County, focusing on practice variation, plan characteristics, and surge capacity. METHODS This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey study, followed by on-site verification. Forty-five 9-1-1 receiving hospitals in Los Angeles County, CA, participated. Evaluations of hospital disaster plan structure, vendor agreements, modes of communication, medical and surgical supplies, involvement of law enforcement, mutual aid agreements with other facilities, drills and training, surge capacity (assessed by monthly emergency department diversion status, available beds, ventilators, and isolation rooms), decontamination capability, and pharmaceutical stockpiles were assessed by survey. RESULTS Forty-three of 45 hospital plans (96%) were based on the Hospital Emergency Incident Command System, and the majority had protocols for hospital lockdown (100%), canceling elective surgeries (93%), early discharge (98%), day care for children of staff (88%), designating victim overflow areas (96%), and predisaster "preferred" vendor agreements (96%). All had emergency medical services-compatible radios and more than three days' worth of supplies. Fewer hospitals involved law enforcement (56%) or had mutual aid agreements with other hospitals (20%) or long-term care facilities (7%). Although the vast majority (96%) conducted multiagency drills, only 16% actually involved other agencies in their disaster training. Only 13 of 45 hospitals (29%) had a surge capacity of greater than 20 beds. Less than half (42%) had ten or more isolation rooms, and 27 hospitals (60%) were on diversion greater than 20% of the time. Thirteen hospitals (29%) had immediate access to six or more ventilators. Less than half had warm-water decontamination (42%), while approximately one half (51%) had a chemical antidote stockpile and 42% had an antibiotic stockpile. CONCLUSIONS Among hospitals in Los Angeles County, disaster preparedness and surge capacity appear to be limited by a failure to fully integrate interagency training and planning and a severely limited surge capacity, although there is a generally high level of availability of equipment and supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Kaji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Box 21, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Tremblay MA, Blanchard CM, Pelletier LG, Vallerand RJ. A Dual Route in Explaining Health Outcomes in Natural Disaster1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kadri N, Berrada S, Douab S, Tazi I, Moussaoui D. Syndrome de stress post-traumatique chez les survivants du séisme d’Agadir (Maroc) de 1960. Encephale 2006; 32:215-21. [PMID: 16910622 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-7006(06)76147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agadir City is geologically located on a seismic line. This city witnessed an earthquake in February 1960 with a magnitude of 6 degrees in Richter scale. During this disaster more than 17,000 people died and 60% of the town was destroyed. OBJECTIVES Forty years later, the objective of this study was to assess post-traumatic stress disorders at the time of the disaster and currently among this population. METHODS Two groups, matched by gender and age were included: 1) a group (G 1) of 80 earthquake survivors with an age varying from 45 to 70 years ; 2) a control group (G2) with 80 people who experienced accidental events other than the earthquake. The instruments used were: a questionnaire concerning socio-demographic data, and the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnosis Scale-Edna Foa-1995 for the diagnosis of PTSD which was translated in Moroccan Arabic language. The epidemiological survey was conducted in two steps during 13 months. The first step consisted in the inclusion of the first group: victims of the disaster. One hundred and two survivors were contacted and 80 accepted to participate in the study. The second step, concentrated on the inclusion of the other group, according to gender and age of the survivors group. All interviews were conducted in the homes of the participants. Data analysis was performed on a PC microcomputer using Epi info 6.04 French version (Center for disease control and prevention CDC, Atlanta, USA). The statistical analysis was based on the descriptive techniques of statistics. RESULTS The main results were: 1) after the traumatic events and retrospectively, survivors from the earthquake had statistically more PTSD than G2: 38.8% vs 20%; 2) at the time of the study, the prevalence of PTSD between the two groups was not significantly different: 10% for the survivors of the earthquake vs 7.5% for G2 (victims of accidents) while the dates of trauma differed; 3) forty years later, the socio-professional life of the survivors was still perturbed. DISCUSSION These results are in accordance with the literature, even if the methodological differences constitute a limiting factor for the comparison. Nevertheless, the persistence of symptoms of PTSD many years later might be explained by the severity of the trauma, the existence of external stimuli, such as the frequent tremors felt in Agadir, the noise, the storms, the earthquake happening in other cities...create a persistent state of hyper-vigilance which maintains and/or worsens the symptoms of PTSD. CONCLUSION In conclusion, 40 years later, survivors are in need of care to overcome symptoms of PTSD. Preventive measures for victims of disasters should perhaps be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kadri
- Centre Psychiatrique Universitaire Ibn Rochd, rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Maroc
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zibulewsky
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA.
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Lavery GG, Horan E. Clinical review: communication and logistics in the response to the 1998 terrorist bombing in Omagh, Northern Ireland. Crit Care 2005; 9:401-8. [PMID: 16137391 PMCID: PMC1269428 DOI: 10.1186/cc3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Omagh bombing in August 1998 produced many of the problems documented in other major incidents. An initial imbalance between the demand and supply of clinical resources at the local hospital, poor information due to telecommunication problems, the need to triage victims and the need to transport the most severely injured significant distances were the most serious issues. The Royal Group Hospitals Trust (RGHT) received 30 severely injured secondary transfers over a 5-hour period, which stressed the hospital's systems even with the presence of extra staff that arrived voluntarily before the hospital's major incident plan was activated. Many patients were transferred to the RGHT by helicopter, but much of the time the gained advantage was lost due to lack of a helipad within the RGHT site. Identifying patients and tracking them through the hospital system was problematic. While the major incident plan ensured that communication with the relatives and the media was effective and timely, communication between the key clinical and managerial staff was hampered by the need to be mobile and by the limitations of the internal telephone system. The use of mobile anaesthetic teams helped maintain the flow of patients between the Emergency Department and radiology, operating theatres or the intensive care unit (ICU). The mobile anaesthetic teams were also responsible for efficient and timely resupply of the Emergency Department, which worked well. In the days that followed many victims required further surgical procedures. Coordination of the multidisciplinary teams required for many of these procedures was difficult. Although only seven patients required admission to adult general intensive care, no ICU beds were available for other admissions over the following 5 days. A total of 165 days of adult ICU treatment were required for the victims of the bombing.
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Abstract
The use of triage tags is widely advocated as a tool to improve the management of multiple casualty incident scenes. However, there are no published reports to suggest that triage tags have improved the management of incidents involving more than 24 persons, and a number of reports have detailed problems associated with triage tag use. Alternative systems of scene management such as geographical triage have been successfully used in very large incidents, and are recommended as an alternative to triage tags. Documentation cards attached to casualties may be of use in situations where casualties will pass through an extended evacuation chain, and clear labels for deceased casualties are of benefit as they discourage repeat assessments. Adoption of an evidence-based approach to multiple casualty incident scene management will require a paradigm shift in the thinking of ambulance services. A broad-based educational approach that encourages critical reappraisal of existing procedures is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Garner
- NRMA CareFlight, New South Wales Medical Retrieval Service, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Kaji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
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Lovejoy JC. Initial approach to patient management after large-scale disasters. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1522-8401(02)90033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sookram S, Borkent H, Powell G, Hogarth WD, Shepherd L. Tornado at Pine Lake, Alberta — July 14, 2000: Assessment of the emergency medicine response to a disaster. CAN J EMERG MED 2001; 3:34-7. [PMID: 17612439 DOI: 10.1017/s1481803500005133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Les programmes de médecine et de résidence négligent souvent l’enseignement de la médecine de catastrophe, mais lorsqu’une catastrophe se produit, c’est le personnel de médecine d’urgence qui se retrouve au front. Les médecins d’urgence doivent se familiariser avec le plan de sinistre de leur hôpital et être prêts à participer à l’opération de sauvetage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sookram
- RCPSC Emergency Medicine Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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McMurray L, Steiner W. Natural disasters and service delivery to individuals with severe mental illness--ice storm 1998. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2000; 45:383-5. [PMID: 10813073 DOI: 10.1177/070674370004500408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature on the responses of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) to natural disasters, to describe the impact of the 1998 Ice Storm on a group of SMI patients, and to describe the steps taken at a Canadian university teaching hospital to ensure the ongoing provision of mental health services throughout the crisis. METHOD Published articles describing the impact of natural disasters on SMI populations, as well as service provision to these patients, are reviewed. Service use at the Montreal General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry is described. A questionnaire about the impact of the ice storm was administered to a group of patients in an assertive community treatment program. RESULTS Service use during this natural disaster was consistent with that described in the literature, in that these patients were no more likely to be admitted or to visit the emergency room during the crisis. Continuous mental health service delivery may have contributed to this positive outcome. This service delivery was provided by ensuring staff access to information, by securing the physical safety of both staff and patients, and by taking a flexible, outreach-oriented approach to service delivery. CONCLUSIONS SMI patients who have ongoing access to psychiatric services in disaster situations tend to cope well. A flexible, proactive, assertive approach to service delivery during the crisis situation will help to ensure that needs for care will be met.
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Garner A, Nocera A. Should New South Wales hospital disaster teams be sent to major incident sites? THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF SURGERY 1999; 69:702-6. [PMID: 10527345 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1622.1999.01672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present review was to assess the suitability of hospital disaster medical teams' training, personal safety and medical equipment for site casualty work at multiple casualty incidents (MCI), and to compare this with retrieval teams who routinely provide pre-hospital trauma care. The options for the provision of a site medical response based upon international and Australian disaster planning guidelines are also reviewed. METHODS A questionnaire was mailed to all doctors dispatched to the 1997 Thredbo disaster as part of trauma service (TS) hospital medical teams, medical commanders or Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) crew. Doctors with Sydney retrieval services (SRS) experience were compared with those without SRS experience in regard to the reported level of relevant training and experience as defined by current Australian guidelines and the Education and Training in Disaster Medicine Curriculum, Scientific Committee of the International Society of Disaster Medicine. Familiarity with medical equipment was assessed, as was level of compliance with Australian guidelines for personal protective clothing and equipment. RESULTS Responses were obtained from all 25 doctors. Nine had SRS experience. None of the 16 doctors without SRS experience met the criteria of the Education and Training Curriculum, compared with four of nine doctors with SRS experience (44%). All six SRS doctors using SRS equipment had personally used or checked their equipment within 2 weeks prior to dispatch to Thredbo, compared with none of the 19 doctors using hospital equipment. Of the 11 areas of personal safety equipment and clothing assessed, all SRS doctors using SRS equipment complied with the guidelines in five areas (45%). There was no area assessed in which all the doctors using hospital equipment complied. CONCLUSION Hospital medical teams suffer from the same problems of inadequate training, experience and personal safety equipment that are identified in previous reports from disasters overseas. The continued focus on hospital medical teams in counter-disaster planning as the primary source of on-site medical services is inappropriate because, with the exception of retrieval doctors who routinely provide pre-hospital trauma care, appropriately trained and experienced doctors are unlikely to be available from within the hospital system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garner
- NRMA CareFlight/New South Wales Medical Retrieval Service, Westmead, Australia.
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