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López-Cardona AP, Ibarra-Lecue I, Laguna-Barraza R, Pérez-Cerezales S, Urigüen L, Agirregoitia N, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Agirregoitia E. Effect of chronic THC administration in the reproductive organs of male mice, spermatozoa and in vitro fertilization. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:294-303. [PMID: 30077641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of cannabis as a therapeutic drug in recent years has raised some concerns due to its potential effects on reproductive health. With regards to the male, the endocannabinoid system is involved in the spermatogenesis and in the sperm function. The chronic use of tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) has been associated with sperm anomalies, decreased sperm motility and structural changes in the testis. However, whether THC affects sperms ability to fertilize and to generate embryos remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate this effect using a mice model of THC chronic treatment. For this purpose, a chronic treatment with THC was carried out. Mice were randomly allocated into two groups: an experimental group treated with a daily dose of 10 mg/kg-body weight THC for a period of 30 days and a control group treated with a vehicle. The THC-mice cortex showed a significant decrease of mRNA of Cnr1 compared to control-mice while, in the testis, the expression of Cnr1 was not affected. The weight of testis and epididymis and the histological analysis did not show any change between groups. On the other hand, no changes were observed in the sperm motility or the sperm concentration. The chronic use of THC did not generate any methylation change in the three CpG regions of Cnn1 analysed, neither in the brain nor in the embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Finally, the embryo production by IVF was no different using spermatozoa from both THC and control mice. This work contradicts the belief that THC consumption has a negative effect on male reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P López-Cardona
- Dept. of Animal Reproduction, INIA, Madrid, Spain; G.I. Biogénesis, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - I Ibarra-Lecue
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | - L Urigüen
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - N Agirregoitia
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - E Agirregoitia
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Hoyle CH. Evolution of neuronal signalling: Transmitters and receptors. Auton Neurosci 2011; 165:28-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
There is abundant evidence for the presence of endogenous cannabinoid signaling systems in many nonmammalian species, including several classes of invertebrates. Interest in the study of these animals largely relates to their production of distinct and measurable specialized behaviors. The ability to alter these behaviors through manipulation of cannabinoid signaling has provided important insight into both the phylogenetic history and physiological relevance of this essential neuromodulatory system.This chapter presents a review of literature relevant to cannabinoid-altered behaviors in nonmammalian species from insects through advanced vocal learning avian species. Integration of findings supports a common role for endocannabinoid (ECB) modulation of ingestive and locomotor behaviors, with interesting contrasting agonist effects that distinguish vertebrate and invertebrate classes. Studies in amphibians and birds suggest that ECB signaling may function as a behavioral switch, allowing redirection from less- to more-essential behaviors in response to emergent environmental changes. Overall, the studies provide evidence for cannabinoid modulation of aggression, emesis, feeding behavior, locomotor activity, reproductive behaviors, vocal learning, sensory perception and stress responses.
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Agirregoitia E, Carracedo A, Subirán N, Valdivia A, Agirregoitia N, Peralta L, Velasco G, Irazusta J. The CB2 cannabinoid receptor regulates human sperm cell motility. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:1378-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Buznikov G, Nikitina L, Bezuglov V, Francisco M, Boysen G, Obispo-Peak I, Peterson R, Weiss E, Schuel H, Temple B, Morrow A, Lauder J. A putative 'pre-nervous' endocannabinoid system in early echinoderm development. Dev Neurosci 2010; 32:1-18. [PMID: 19907129 PMCID: PMC2866581 DOI: 10.1159/000235758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryos and larvae of sea urchins (Lytechinus variegatus, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Dendraster excentricus), and starfish (Pisaster ochraceus) were investigated for the presence of a functional endocannabinoid system. Anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide, AEA), was measured in early L. variegatus embryos by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AEA showed a strong developmental dynamic, increasing more than 5-fold between the 8-16 cell and mid-blastula 2 stage. 'Perturb-and-rescue' experiments in different sea urchin species and starfish showed that AEA blocked transition of embryos from the blastula to the gastrula stage, but had no effect on cleavage divisions, even at high doses. The non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP55940, had similar effects, but unlike AEA, also blocked cleavage divisions. CB1 antagonists, AEA transport inhibitors, and the cation channel transient membrane potential receptor V1 (TrpV1) agonist, arachidonoyl vanillic acid (arvanil), as well as arachidonoyl serotonin and dopamine (AA-5-HT, AA-DA) acted as rescue substances, partially or totally preventing abnormal embryonic phenotypes elicited by AEA or CP55940. Radioligand binding of [(3)H]CP55940 to membrane preparations from embryos/larvae failed to show significant binding, consistent with the lack of CB receptor orthologs in the sea urchin genome. However, when binding was conducted on whole cell lysates, a small amount of [(3)H]CP55940 binding was observed at the pluteus stage that was displaced by the CB2 antagonist, SR144528. Since AEA is known to bind with high affinity to TrpV1 and to certain G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the ability of arvanil, AA-5-HT and AA-DA to rescue embryos from AEA teratogenesis suggests that in sea urchins AEA and other endocannabinoids may utilize both Trp and GPCR orthologs. This possibility was explored using bioinformatic and phylogenetic tools to identify candidate orthologs in the S. purpuratus sea urchin genome. Candidate TrpA1 and TrpV1 orthologs were identified. The TrpA1 ortholog fell within a monophyletic clade, including both vertebrate and invertebrate orthologs, whereas the TrpV1 orthologs fell within two distinct TrpV-like invertebrate clades. One of the sea urchin TrpV orthologs was more closely related to the vertebrate epithelial calcium channels (TrpV5-6 family) than to the vertebrate TrpV1-4 family, as determined using profile-hidden Markov model (HMM) searches. Candidate dopamine and adrenergic GPCR orthologs were identified in the sea urchin genome, but no cannabinoid GPCRs were found, consistent with earlier studies. Candidate dopamine D(1), D(2) or alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor orthologs were identified as potential progenitors to the vertebrate cannabinoid receptors using HMM searches, depending on whether the multiple sequence alignment of CB receptor sequences consisted only of urochordate and cephalochordate sequences or also included vertebrate sequences.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acids/metabolism
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Computational Biology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocannabinoids
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mass Spectrometry
- Nerve Net/drug effects
- Nerve Net/embryology
- Nerve Net/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Sea Urchins/drug effects
- Sea Urchins/embryology
- Sea Urchins/metabolism
- Starfish/drug effects
- Starfish/embryology
- Starfish/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- G.A. Buznikov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
| | - L.A. Nikitina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
| | - V.V. Bezuglov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - G. Boysen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center of Environmental Health and Susceptibility, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA
| | | | - R.E. Peterson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
- Confocal Imaging Core, Neuroscience Center, UNCSM
| | - E.R. Weiss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
| | - H. Schuel
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y., USA
| | - B.R.S Temple
- R.L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA
| | - A.L. Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine (UNCSM)
| | - J.M. Lauder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, (UNCSM)
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Buznikov GA. Preneural transmitters as regulators of embryogenesis. Current state of problem. Russ J Dev Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360407040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, are expressed in mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. The presence of cannabinoid receptors in invertebrates has been controversial, due to conflicting evidence. We conducted a systematic review of the literature, using expanded search parameters. Evidence presented in the literature varied in validity, ranging from crude in vivo behavioural assays to robust in silico ortholog discovery. No research existed for several clades of invertebrates; we therefore tested for cannabinoid receptors in seven representative species, using tritiated ligand binding assays with [3H]CP55,940 displaced by the CB1-selective antagonist SR141716A. Specific binding of [3H]CP55,940 was found in neural membranes of Ciona intestinalis (Deuterstoma, a positive control), Lumbricusterrestris (Lophotrochozoa), and three ecdysozoans: Peripatoides novae-zealandiae (Onychophora), Jasus edwardi (Crustacea) and Panagrellus redivivus (Nematoda); the potency of displacement by SR141716A was comparable to measurements on rat cerebellum. No specific binding was observed in Actinothoe albocincta (Cnidaria) or Tethya aurantium (Porifera). The phylogenetic distribution of cannabinoid receptors may address taxonomic questions; previous studies suggested that the loss of CB1 was a synapomorphy shared by ecdysozoans. Our discovery of cannabinoid receptors in some nematodes, onychophorans, and crustaceans does not contradict the Ecdysozoa hypothesis, but gives it no support. We hypothesize that cannabinoid receptors evolved in the last common ancestor of bilaterians, with secondary loss occurring in insects and other clades. Conflicting data regarding Cnidarians precludes hypotheses regarding the last common ancestor of eumetazoans. No cannabinoid receptors are expressed in sponges, which probably diverged before the origin of the eumetazoan ancestor.
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Abstract
The discovery of the endogenous cannabimimetic lipid mediators, anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, opened the door to the discovery of other endogenous lipid mediators similar in structure and function. The majority of these compounds do not bind appreciably to known cannabinoid receptors; yet some of them produce cannabimimetic effects while others exert actions through novel mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. This review explores the growing diversity of recently discovered putative lipid mediators and their relationship to the endogenous cannabinoid system. The possibility that there remain many unidentified signalling lipids coupled with the evidence that many of these yield bioactive metabolites due to actions of known enzymes (e.g. cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, cytochrome P450s) suggests the existence of a large and complex family of lipid mediators about which only little is known at this time. The elucidation of the biochemistry and pharmacology of these compounds may provide therapeutic targets for a variety of conditions including sleep dysfunction, eating disorders, cardiovascular disease, as well as inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Bradshaw
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | - J Michael Walker
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
- Author for correspondence:
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Toro E, Michael SF. In vitro fertilization and artificial activation of eggs of the direct-developing anuran Eleutherodactylus coqui. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:60. [PMID: 15296510 PMCID: PMC514616 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about the reproductive biology of pond-breeding frogs, there is comparatively little information about terrestrial-breeding anurans, a highly successful and diverse group. This study investigates the activation and in vitro fertilization of eggs of the Puerto Rican coqui frog obtained by hormonally induced ovulation. We report that spontaneous activation occurs in 34% of eggs, probably in response to mechanical stress during oviposition. Artificial activation, as evidenced by the slow block to polyspermy and the onset of zygote division, was elicited both by mechanical stimulation and calcium ionophore exposure in 64% and 83% of the cases, respectively. Finally, one in vitro fertilization protocol showed a 27% success rate, despite the fact that about one third of all unfertilized eggs obtained by hormone injection auto-activate. We expect these findings to aid in the conservation effort of Eleutherodactylus frogs, the largest vertebrate genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Toro
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Box SL-17, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94045, USA
| | - Scott F Michael
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Box SL-17, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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