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Roxon C, Slack J, Bender S, Burns H, Turner R. Multiple Sex Cord-stromal Tumors in a Standardbred Stallion Testis. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 123:104246. [PMID: 36775076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
A 12-year-old Standardbred stallion presented with a 5-month history of a growing mass in the left testis as well as an overall decrease in left testicular size. Palpation and ultrasonography of the left testis revealed a firm, hypoechoic, clearly delineated soft tissue mass in the craniolateral portion of the testis that measured 2.5 × 2.3 × 1.9 cm. Two smaller, hypoechoic regions also were visible ultrasonographically in the left testis, suggesting the presence of multifocal/multicentric neoplasia. The affected testis was very small (testicular volume of 40.3 cm3). The right testis was significantly larger (144.3 cm3), and the parenchyma was ultrasonographically normal. Due to the concern that these findings could indicate the presence of a more aggressive tumor type, unilateral orchiectomy was performed. Multiple soft tissue masses were identified grossly, and histopathologic evaluation identified the larger mass as a Sertoli cell tumor and the two smaller masses as mixed sex cord-stromal tumors with Sertoli cell and Leydig cell differentiation. To our knowledge, this the first report of concurrent Sertoli cell and mixed sex cord-stromal tumors in a single descended equine testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Roxon
- Department of Clinical Studies (Roxon, Slack, Turner) and Department of Pathobiology (Bender) - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA
| | - JoAnn Slack
- Department of Clinical Studies (Roxon, Slack, Turner) and Department of Pathobiology (Bender) - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA
| | - Susan Bender
- Department of Clinical Studies (Roxon, Slack, Turner) and Department of Pathobiology (Bender) - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA
| | - Herb Burns
- Pine Bush Equine Services and Veterinary Hospital, Pine Bush, NY
| | - Regina Turner
- Department of Clinical Studies (Roxon, Slack, Turner) and Department of Pathobiology (Bender) - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA.
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2
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Lale D, Geyer A, Jindra C, Cavalleri JV, Ramsauer AS. Equine papillomavirus type 2‐associated, carcinomatous lesions of the penis and laryngopharynx of an elderly Icelandic horse gelding. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Lale
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine University Equine Hospital Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Antonia Geyer
- Clinical Unit of Veterinary Pathology Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery University Equine Hospital Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Anna Sophie Ramsauer
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine University Equine Hospital Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
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3
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Vandersmissen M, Etienne A, Dancot M, Evrard L, Beccati F, Grulke S, Busoni V. Conventional imaging is useful for assessment of equine pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma but underestimates bone involvement. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vandersmissen
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Anne‐Laure Etienne
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Michaël Dancot
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Laurence Evrard
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Sigrid Grulke
- Equine Surgery Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Valeria Busoni
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium
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4
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Ultrasound Examination of Unilateral Seminoma in a Salernitano Stallion. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070936. [PMID: 35405924 PMCID: PMC8996876 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An 18-year-old Salernitano stallion was presented for enlargement of the left testicle with no other clinical signs. Sonoelastographic examination showed parenchymal changes with deformation of the normal testis, appearing with an irregular profile. Unilateral orchiectomy was performed. Considering gross, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, a definitive diagnosis of diffuse seminoma was made. Three months later, follow-up assessment showed no evidence of recurrence, preserved reproductive abilities or fertility, but did show reduced testosterone levels. Abstract An 18-year-old Salernitano stallion developed a progressive enlargement of the left testicle over eight months. An ultrasound evaluation was performed, along with a hormonal profile. A histopathological evaluation of the testis was performed after unilateral orchiectomy. On B-mode ultrasound examination, testicular parenchyma was characterized by the loss of internal structure, with the presence of multiple coalescing, nodular, well-defined and heterogeneous lesions with capsule deformity, appearing with an irregular profile. On dissection, the testicular parenchyma bulged over the cut section, confirming the increase in size. Microscopically, the lesion consisted mainly of large, densely packed, polygonal-to-round-shaped neoplastic cells. Mitotic figures were plentiful and frequently atypical; further microscopic features included apoptosis and necrosis. At immunohistochemistry, the entire neoplasm showed strong and diffuse immunolabeling for vimentin, while CD117-specific immunoreactivity was only observed in scattered clusters of neoplastic cells. Based on the gross, microscopic and IHC findings, a diagnosis of diffuse seminoma was made. Three months later, a follow-up examination showed no evidence of recurrence and the preservation of reproductive abilities. The case presented shows an unusual ultrasonographic pattern for seminoma and the basis of the correlation between the characteristics of the sonoelastographic examination and histological diagnosis.
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5
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Watkins M. Cryptorchid investigation of an adult cob pony with unknown history. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moira Watkins
- Frame, Swift and Partners The Veterinary Centre, Carleton Penrith Cumbria UK
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6
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Multiple Simultaneous Proliferative Lesions on the Prepuce and Penis of a Gelding. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 101:103426. [PMID: 33993933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin lesions are among the leading diseases in equids, and the urogenital region is considered the third most frequently affected body location with tumors and tumor-like skin lesions in horses. Tumor-like skin lesions or multiple tumors of different types in the equine prepuce and penis are a challenging clinical presentation leading to misdiagnosis and subsequent ineffective treatment. An 18-year-old 395-kg male mixed-breed gelding was referred for evaluation of preputial enlargement. Clinical examination revealed a 2.5 × 2.0 × 0.8 cm proliferative ulcerated lesion on the penile mucosa, five ulcerated and circumscribed hardened wounds on the preputial skin fold from 2.0 to 6.0 cm in diameter, and multiple variable-sized raised exophytic lesions ranging from 2.0 mm to 2.3 cm cauliflower-like lesions throughout the prepuce and penis. Pathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the definitive diagnosis of three distinct proliferative lesions: squamous cell carcinoma, squamous viral papilloma and cutaneous habronemiasis. Additionally, we present features of concurrent habronemiasis and squamous cell carcinoma and highlight the importance of proper diagnostic approach in the prognosis and correct treatment selection.
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Teratoma Associated With Testicular Tissue in a Female-Like Horse With 64,XY (SRY-Positive) Disorder of Sex Development. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 92:103177. [PMID: 32797799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A four-year-old female-like Quarter Horse was admitted for clinical evaluation because of masculinized-aggressive behavior and lack of estrous signs. On external inspection, a hypertrophied clitoris and prominent muscles were observed. On gynecological examination, apparently normal mammary glands, vulva, vagina, and cervix were noted. On the other hand, the uterus had no tone and was smaller than normal. The left gonad was very soft on palpation and the right gonad was mostly firm, irregular, and wider than the left gonad. On ultrasound examination, there were no signs of regular ovarian structure or follicular activity. Because of the different shapes and consistencies of the gonads and a suspicion of increased testosterone production, a bilateral gonadectomy was recommended. Blood was collected for testosterone levels quantification and for cytogenetic and molecular investigations. After removal, gonads were analyzed macroscopically and sections were sent for histopathological examination. A final diagnosis of benign adult teratoma associated with seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells was made. On cytogenetic and molecular analyses, a normal diploid number of 64 chromosomes and the presence of the XY sex chromosomes were seen in all cells, as well as the SRY gene. Testosterone levels were higher than normal before surgery and were reduced after gonads removal. In conclusion, the masculinized behavior was probably caused by increased testosterone levels produced by testicular tissue, in a female-like horse with 64,XY SRY-positive disorder of sex development, which was associated with a teratoma.
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8
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Saadi A, Azizi S, Farshid AA, Yousefi A. Surgical management of penile sarcoid in a stallion. J Equine Sci 2019; 30:99-104. [PMID: 31871412 PMCID: PMC6920054 DOI: 10.1294/jes.30.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes surgical management and breeding implications of a case of penile sarcoid associated with penis laceration in a 4-year-old Kurdish stallion. A large fleshy mass on the distal end of the penis that resulted in urethral meatus deviation and dysuria was detected in a physical examination. No evidence of local extent or metastasis was detected. Under general anaesthesia, the involved distal portion of the penis was removed through partial phallectomy. Histopathological examination of the mass confirmed a fibroblastic sarcoid. Partial phallectomy was successful for management of penile sarcoid and resulted in no postoperative complications or tumour recurrence in long-term follow up; however, successful ejaculation and semen collection have not been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Saadi
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Saeed Azizi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Amir-Abbas Farshid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Alireza Yousefi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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9
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SAADI A, AZIZI S, FARSHID AA, YOUSEFI A. Surgical management of penile sarcoid in a stallion. J Equine Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1294/jes.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aram SAADI
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Saeed AZIZI
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Amir-Abbas FARSHID
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Alireza YOUSEFI
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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10
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Knottenbelt DC, Croft JS. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (
SCC
): “What's the problem?”. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. S. Croft
- Equine Medical Solutions Ltd Lomond Court Stirling UK
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11
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Leidinger E, Springler G, Furman E, Wallner A. What Is Your Diagnosis? Testicular tumor in a horse. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:166-167. [PMID: 29443379 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Claes ANJ, Ball BA. Biological Functions and Clinical Applications of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Stallions and Mares. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2016; 32:451-464. [PMID: 27726984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays a major role in sexual differentiation, Leydig cell differentiation, and folliculogenesis. In addition, AMH has clinical value in equine practice. In stallions, AMH can serve as an endocrine marker for equine cryptorchidism and as an immunohistochemical marker for Sertoli cell tumors. Considering that AMH is also an ovarian specific product, intact mares can be differentiated from ovariectomized mares. Peripheral AMH concentrations reflect the follicular population in mares, and therefore, are useful in the assessment of ovarian reserve and reproductive life-span of aged mares. Last, AMH is particularly suitable as a diagnostic marker for equine granulosa cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N J Claes
- Department of Equine Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
| | - Barry A Ball
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Road, Lexington, KY, 40546-0099 USA
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13
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Abstract
Reproductive disease is relatively common in the horse, resulting in a variable, yet significant, economic impact on individual horsemen as well as the entire industry. Diverse expertise from the veterinary community ensures and improves individual and population health of the horse. From a pathology and diagnostics perspective, this review provides a comprehensive overview of pathology of the male and female equine reproductive tract. Recognition by clinical and gross features is emphasized, although some essential histologic parameters are included, as appropriate. Where relevant, discussion of ancillary diagnostic tests and approaches are included for some diseases and lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Snider
- Department of Pathobiology, 250 McElroy Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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14
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Yaghoobi Yeganeh Manesh J, Shafiee R, Mohammad Bahrami A, Pourzaer M, Pourzaer M, Pedram B, Javanbakht J, Mokarizadeh A, Khadivar F. Cyto-histopathological and outcome features of the prepuce squamous cell carcinoma of a mixed breed dog. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:110. [PMID: 24903567 PMCID: PMC4080768 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5748771971272873
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Javad Javanbakht
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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van den Top JGB, Harkema L, Ensink JM, Barneveld A, Martens A, van de Lest CHA, van Weeren PR, Gröne A. Expression of cyclo-oxygenases-1 and -2, and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in penile and preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in the horse. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:618-24. [PMID: 23879794 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Penile and preputial papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are commonly diagnosed in horses. Papillomas have the potential to progress to potentially lethal SCC. Knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms may help in prevention and definition of treatment targets. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study using archived material. OBJECTIVES To determine the expression of cyclo-oxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in penile and preputial normal tissue, papilloma and SCC in horses, and whether expression of these enzymes is influenced by degree of inflammation and differentiation grade. METHODS Tumour differentiation grade, degree of inflammation and COX-1, COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression in 75 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of penile and preputial papilloma and SCC of 68 horses were investigated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Inflammation was more prominent in SCC compared with papilloma. No correlation between expression of COX-1 or COX-2 and inflammation was found. Expression of mPGES-1 was weakly correlated with inflammation. Expression of COX-1, COX-2 and mPGES-1 was found in 42.6%, 50.7% and 96.0% of lesions respectively, but less than 1% of cells were immunopositive for COX-1 and COX-2 in 59.4% and 84.2% of cases respectively. Expression of COX-1 was moderately negatively correlated with differentiation grade, COX-2 was not correlated and mPGES-1 was poorly negatively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in penile and preputial SCC in the horse is poor and COX inhibitors may thus be of little value for prevention or treatment. Microsomal PGES-1 is more prominently expressed in well-differentiated tissue compared with poorly differentiated tissue. Further research on the role of mPGES-1 in carcinogenesis is needed to assess its potential use as a treatment target. Knowledge of arachidonic pathway enzyme expression and their role in equine penile and preputial carcinogenesis may help in developing preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G B van den Top
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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16
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Surgical Management of Penile and Preputial Neoplasms in Equine with Special Reference to Partial Phallectomy. J Vet Med 2013; 2013:891413. [PMID: 26464915 PMCID: PMC4590862 DOI: 10.1155/2013/891413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile and preputial neoplasia in horses occurs infrequently and represents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The present study was carried out on a total number of 21 equids (14 stallions and 7 donkeys) suffered from different penile and preputial neoplasia. Diagnosis of neoplasms was based up on history of the case, clinical examination as well as histopathological evaluation. Animals with penile and preputial neoplasms were underwent local excision and partial phallectomy with a slightly modified version of the techniques described by William's. The diagnosed neoplasms were penile and preputial squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; n = 15); sarcoid (n = 4); a-fibrosarcoma; and a melanoma. Local excision was curative in all cases except 5 stallions with SCCs. These stallions had extensive damage of the glans penis, free part of the penis and the inner lamina of the internal fold of the prepuce, and they underwent a partial phallectomy with successful outcome. Follow-up information was obtained by visit and telephone inquiries. In conclusion, penile and preputial neoplasms are commonly encountered in elderly male horses and SCCs are the most common type affecting male external genitalia. Partial phallectomy is effective for management of equine neoplasia if they are confined to the glans and body of the penis and there is no proximal spread or involvement to regional lymph nodes.
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18
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McCormick JD, Valdez R, Rakestraw PC, Varner DD, Blanchard TL, Cavinder CA, Sudderth AK, Kiser A, Love CC. Effect of surgical technique for unilateral orchiectomy on subsequent testicular function in Miniature Horse stallions. Equine Vet J 2012:100-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. McCormick
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
| | - R. Valdez
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agricultural and Life Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
| | - P. C. Rakestraw
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
| | - D. D. Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
| | - T. L. Blanchard
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
| | - C. A. Cavinder
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agricultural and Life Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
| | - A. K. Sudderth
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
| | - A. Kiser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
| | - C. C. Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; Texas USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Taylor
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette; Indiana; USA
| | - G. Haldorson
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology; Washington State University; Pullman; Washington; USA
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20
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Ali A, Ahmed AF, Mehana EE, El-Tookhy O, Al-Hawas A. Unilateral Seminoma in a Dromedary Camel. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:e17-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Bogaert L, Willemsen A, Vanderstraeten E, Bracho MA, De Baere C, Bravo IG, Martens A. EcPV2 DNA in equine genital squamous cell carcinomas and normal genital mucosa. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158:33-41. [PMID: 22397936 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the most common genital malignant tumor in horses. Similar to humans, papillomaviruses (PVs) have been proposed as etiological agents and recently Equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) has been identified in a subset of genital SCCs. The goals of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of EcPV2 DNA in tissue samples from equine genital SCCs, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and penile papillomas, using EcPV2-specific PCR, (2) to examine the prevalence of latent EcPV2 infection in healthy genital mucosa and (3) to determine genetic variability within EcPV2 and to disentangle phylogenetic relationships of EcPV2 among PVs. EcPV2 DNA was detected in all but one penile SCC (15/16), in all PIN lesions (8/8) and penile papillomas (4/4). Additionally, EcPV2 DNA was demonstrated in one of two metastasized lymph nodes, one contact metastasis in the mouth, two vaginal and one anal lesion. In healthy horses, EcPV2 DNA was detected in 10% (4/39) of penile swabs but in none of vulvovaginal swabs (0/20). This study confirms the presence of EcPV2 DNA in equine genital SCCs and shows its involvement in anal lesions, a lymph node and contact metastases. Latent EcPV2 presence was also shown in normal male genital mucosa. We found that different EcPV2 variants cocirculate among horses and that EcPV2 is related to the Delta+Zeta PVs and is only a very distant relative of high-risk human PVs causing genital cancer. Thus, similar viral tropism and similar malignant outcome of the infection do not imply close evolutionary relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Bogaert
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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22
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Knight CG, Munday JS, Peters J, Dunowska M. Equine penile squamous cell carcinomas are associated with the presence of equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences. Vet Pathol 2011; 48:1190-4. [PMID: 21282669 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810396516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forty cases of equine penile disease were screened with polymerase chain reaction for the presence of papillomaviral DNA. Cases consisted of 20 squamous cell carcinomas (average age of horse, 23.9 years) and 20 non-squamous cell carcinoma diseases (average age of horse, 13.3 years). All horses but one originated from the Northeastern United States. Breeds were not recorded. As based on MY09/MY11 consensus primers, DNA sequences from equine papillomavirus type 2 were amplified from 9 of 20 horses (45%) with penile squamous cell carcinoma and only 1 of 20 horses (5%) with non-squamous cell carcinoma penile disease. Equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA was the only papillomaviral DNA amplified from any of the 40 horses. Tissues from the 10 horses in which papillomaviral DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction were also screened with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The presence of papillomavirus was demonstrated in a subset of these by in situ hybridization (6 of 10) and immunohistochemistry (1 of 10). This report describes a possible association between equine penile squamous cell carcinomas and equine papillomavirus type 2. This study is also the first report of equine papillomavirus type 2 infection in North American horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Knight
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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RETRACTED: EcPV2 DNA in equine squamous cell carcinomas and normal genital and ocular mucosa. Vet Microbiol 2011; 147:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Portas TJ, Hildebrandt TB, Bryant BR, Göritz F, Hermes R. Seminoma in a southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor): diagnosis, surgical management and effect on fertility. Aust Vet J 2010; 88:57-60. [PMID: 20148829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A testicular mass was identified by ultrasonography performed during a routine reproductive evaluation of an adult male southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor). Histological examination of a testicular biopsy supported a presumptive diagnosis of testicular neoplasia. Hemi-castration was performed to excise the affected testis and a pathological diagnosis of a seminoma was made. Assessment of semen suggested reduced fertility as a consequence of the neoplastic process, but hemi-castration prevented further growth and metastasis of the tumour and ensured the animal's breeding potential. This is the second documented case of a seminoma in a rhinoceros species and the first case in a black rhinoceros.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Portas
- Taronga Western Plains Zoo, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia.
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Brito LFC, Engiles JB, Turner RM, Getman LM, Ebling A. Bilateral Testicular Mixed Germ Cell-sex Cord-stromal Tumours in a Stallion. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44:846-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Govaere J, Ducatelle R, Hoogewijs M, De Schauwer C, de Kruif A. Case of bilateral seminoma in a trotter stallion. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 45:537-9. [PMID: 18954387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a bilateral seminoma in a stallion. After slaughter, histological examination revealed that the tumour consisted predominantly of polyhedral tumour cells with large nuclei, obvious nucleoli and a small border of cytoplasm. The mitotic index was low and Ki67 staining revealed 4% nuclear staining. To our knowledge, this paper is the first using Ki67 staining as a method to evaluate the mitotic rate in a testicular seminoma in the stallion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Govaere
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Melo C, Papa F, Prestes N, Alvarenga M, Laufer-Amorim R. Bilateral Leydig Cell Tumor in Stallion. J Equine Vet Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Testis and Epididymis. JUBB, KENNEDY & PALMER'S PATHOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS 2007. [PMCID: PMC7155588 DOI: 10.1016/b978-070202823-6.50200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Tnibar A, Tibary A, Boulouha L, Ribot X. Ultrasonograhic and histopathological features of atypical interstitial (Leydig) cell tumors in two cryptorchid horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zanghì A, Catone G, Marino G, De Vico G, Nicòtina PA. Malignant Mixed Sex Cord-stromal Tumour in a Stallion. Reprod Domest Anim 2004; 39:376-9. [PMID: 15367273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 30-year-old Standardbred stallion was examined for unilateral scrotal swelling. Physical and ultrasound examinations revealed a painless enlarged left testis with a non-homogeneous echogenicity, when compared with the controlateral testis. The stallion underwent left unilateral orchiectomy. Grossly, the excised testis was irregularly enlarged (12 x 9 x 9 cm; weight: 530 g) and firm. The sections showed that testicular parenchyma was replaced by a lobulated, greyish-white mass, which involved the epididymal head. At microscopy, a dual Leydig and Sertoli cell tumour component could be seen. Neoplastic Sertoli cells were prevalent and presented pleomorphic cells, mitotic figures and occasional vascular invasion. Tumour patterns showed tubular and solid areas, cord-like or diffuse in appearance, among which newly formed Leydig cell nests and low-density fibrillar bundles were interposed. Immunohistochemically, a weak to moderate immunostaining for vimentin, AE(1)/AE(3) cytokeratin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and CD99 antigens was found in the growing Sertoli cells, whose nuclear MIB-1 labelling index scored 13 +/- 2%. The Leydig tumour cells, on the other hand, displayed a moderate to strong positivity for alpha-inhibin, vimentin, AE(1)/AE(3) cytokeratin, neurone-specific enolase and CD99. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of malignant mixed sex cord-stromal tumour was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zanghì
- Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, Messina. Italy.
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Pratt SM, Stacy BA, Whitcomb MB, Vidal JD, De Cock HEV, Wilson WD. Malignant Sertoli cell tumor in the retained abdominal testis of a unilaterally cryptorchid horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:486-90, 450. [PMID: 12597422 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2003.222.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old Morgan gelding was evaluated because of a mass in the caudal region of the abdomen. The horse had been presumed to be a gelding, but necropsy findings revealed a retained testis in the right retroperitoneal space. Histologically, the retained testis contained neoplastic cells; metastases were identified in the liver, spleen, lungs, and sublumbar lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical examination of the testis and metastatic tissues confirmed the diagnosis of malignant Sertoli cell tumor. Testicular neoplasms are infrequently reported in stallions. Seminomas are most commonly reported, whereas Sertoli cell tumors are considered to be rare. Typical biological behavior of Sertoli cell tumors in horses is unknown. To the authors' knowledge, there have been 2 reports of Sertoli cell tumors in horses; the tumors developed in descended testes, and 1 tumor was malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Pratt
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abstract
A 16-year-old thoroughbred stallion developed sudden swelling of the left testicle. The stallion had previously been regarded as a unilateral cryptorchid. Ultrasound examination of the left testicle revealed a diffusely heterogeneous parenchyma. The testicle was diffusely hypoechoic with ill defined regions of hyperechogenicity giving the appearance of hypoechoic nodules throughout the testicular parenchyma. No normal testicular tissue was identifiable. An echogenic band, representing a pseudocapsule could be seen surrounding the testicle. Histopathologic diagnosis a seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Beck
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinic and Hospital, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
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