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Farnesyl diphosphate synthase regulated endothelial proliferation and autophagy during rat pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by monocrotaline. Mol Med 2022; 28:94. [PMID: 35962329 PMCID: PMC9373289 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proliferation ability and autophagy level of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) play an important role in promoting the development of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and there is still no effective treatment for PAH. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) is a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. The intermediate metabolites of this pathway are closely related to the activity of autophagy-associated small G proteins, including Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1). Studies have shown that the mevalonate pathway affects the activation levels of different small G proteins, autophagy signaling pathways, vascular endothelial function, and so on. However, the exact relationship between them is still unclear in PAH. Method In vitro, western blotting and mRFP-GFP-LC3 puncta formation assays were used to observe the expression of FDPS and the level of autophagy in PAECs treated with monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP). In addition, cell proliferation and migration assays were used to assess the effect of FDPS on endothelial function, and Rac1 activity assays were used to evaluate the effect of Rac1 activation on PAEC autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo, the right heart catheterization method, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and western blotting were used to determine the effect of FDPS on PAEC autophagy and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Results We show that the expression of FDPS is increased in the PAH module in vitro and in vivo, concomitant with the induction of autophagy and the activation of Rac1. Our data demonstrate that inhibition of FDPS ameliorates endothelial function and decreases MCT-induced autophagy levels. Mechanistically, we found that FDPS promotes autophagy, Rac1 activity and endothelial disfunction through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Our study suggests that FDPS contributes to active small G protein-induced autophagy during MCT-induced PAH, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target against PAH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00511-7.
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Udovicic M, Sever M, Kavur L, Loncaric K, Barisic I, Balenovic D, Zivanovic Posilovic G, Strinic D, Uzun S, Batelja Vuletic L, Sikiric S, Skrtic A, Drmic D, Boban Blagaic A, Lovric Bencic M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy for Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Leads to Prevention and Reversal. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070822. [PMID: 34356886 PMCID: PMC8301325 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Monocrotaline selectively injures the lung's vascular endothelium and induces pulmonary arterial hypertension. The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 acts as a prototype cytoprotective agent that maintains endothelium, and its application may be a novel therapy. Besides, BPC 157 prevents and reverses thrombosis formation, maintains platelet function, alleviates peripheral vascular occlusion disturbances, and has anti-arrhythmic and anti-inflammatory effects. Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats (wall thickness, total vessel area, heart frequency, QRS axis deviation, QT interval prolongation, increase in right ventricle systolic pressure and bodyweight loss) can be counteracted with early or delayed BPC 157 therapy. Methods and Results. After monocrotaline (80 mg/kg subcutaneously), BPC 157 (10 μg/kg or 10 ng/kg, days 1-14 or days 1-30 (early regimens), or days 14-30 (delayed regimen)) was given once daily intraperitoneally (last application 24 h before sacrifice) or continuously in drinking water until sacrifice (day 14 or 30). Without therapy, the outcome was the full monocrotaline syndrome, marked by right-side heart hypertrophy and massive thickening of the precapillary artery's smooth muscle layer, clinical deterioration, and sometimes death due to pulmonary hypertension and right-heart failure during the 4th week after monocrotaline injection. With all BPC 157 regimens, monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (including all disturbed parameters) was counteracted, and consistent beneficial effects were documented during the whole course of the disease. Pulmonary hypertension was not even developed (early regimens) as quickly as the advanced pulmonary hypertension was rapidly attenuated and then completely eliminated (delayed regimen). Conclusions. Thus, pentadecapeptide BPC 157 prevents and counteracts monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and cor pulmonale in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Udovicic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Lovro Kavur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Kristina Loncaric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Diana Balenovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Gordana Zivanovic Posilovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Dean Strinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Sandra Uzun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-4920-050 (A.S. & P.S.)
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Martina Lovric Bencic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-4920-050 (A.S. & P.S.)
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Gavra P, Denault AY, Théoret Y, Perrault LP, Varin F. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nebulized and Intratracheal Milrinone in a Swine Model of Hypercapnia Pulmonary Hypertension. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Virgincar RS, Dahlke J, Robertson SH, Morand N, Qi Y, Degan S, Driehuys B, Nouls JC. A portable ventilator with integrated physiologic monitoring for hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI in rodents. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 295:63-71. [PMID: 30125865 PMCID: PMC6719309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe MRI is emerging as a powerful, non-invasive method to image lung function and is beginning to find clinical application across a range of conditions. As clinical implementation progresses, it becomes important to translate back to well-defined animal models, where novel disease signatures can be characterized longitudinally and validated against histology. To date, preclinical 129Xe MRI has been limited to only a few sites worldwide with 2D imaging that is not generally sufficient to fully capture the heterogeneity of lung disease. To address these limitations and facilitate broader dissemination, we report on a compact and portable HP gas ventilator that integrates all the gas-delivery and physiologic monitoring capabilities required for high-resolution 3D hyperpolarized 129Xe imaging. This ventilator is MR- and HP-gas compatible, driven by inexpensive microcontrollers and open source code, and allows for precise control of the tidal volume and breathing cycle in perorally intubated mice and rats. We use the system to demonstrate data acquisition over multiple breath-holds, during which lung motion is suspended to enable high-resolution 3D imaging of gas-phase and dissolved-phase 129Xe in the lungs. We demonstrate the portability and versatility of the ventilator by imaging a mouse model of lung cancer longitudinally at 2 Tesla, and a healthy rat at 7 Tesla. We also report the detection of subtle spectroscopic fluctuations in phase with the heart rate, superimposed onto larger variations stemming from the respiratory cycle. This ventilator was developed to facilitate duplication and gain broad adoption to accelerate preclinical 129Xe MRI research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerry Dahlke
- Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Yi Qi
- Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Simone Degan
- Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bastiaan Driehuys
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John C Nouls
- Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Xing Y, Zhao S, Wei Q, Gong S, Zhao X, Zhou F, AI-Lamki R, Ortmann D, Du M, Pedersen R, Shang G, Si S, Morrell NW, Yang J. A novel piperidine identified by stem cell-based screening attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating BMP2 and PTGS2 levels. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.02229-2017. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02229-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Genetic defects in bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPRII) signalling and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The receptor is activated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands, which also enhance BMPR2 transcription. A small-molecule BMP upregulator with selectivity on vascular endothelium would be a desirable therapeutic intervention for PAH.We assayed compounds identified in the screening of BMP2 upregulators for their ability to increase the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1), using a dual reporter driven specifically in human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells. These assays identified a novel piperidine, BMP upregulator 1 (BUR1), that increased endothelial Id1 expression with a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.098 μmol·L−1. Microarray analyses and immunoblotting showed that BUR1 induced BMP2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression. BUR1 effectively rescued deficient angiogenesis in autologous BMPR2+/R899X endothelial cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and patient cells.BUR1 prevented and reversed PAH in monocrotaline rats, and restored BMPRII downstream signalling and modulated the arachidonic acid pathway in the pulmonary arterial endothelium in the Sugen 5416/hypoxia PAH mouse model.In conclusion, using stem cell technology we have provided a novel small-molecule compound which regulates BMP2 and PTGS2 levels that might be useful for the treatment of PAH.
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Kharin SN, Krandycheva VV, Tsvetkova AS, Shumikhin KV. Remodeling of ventricular repolarization in experimental right ventricular hypertrophy. J Electrocardiol 2017; 50:626-633. [PMID: 28554514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand electrophysiological mechanisms that underlie the progression of compensated right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) to heart failure, the purpose of the study was to evaluate remodeling of ventricular repolarization in connection with hemodynamic abnormalities and vulnerability of the heart ventricles to arrhythmias in RVH rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and heart failure. METHODS PAH followed by heart failure was induced by monocrotaline in adult female Wistar rats. Unipolar epicardial electrograms and cardiac hemodynamic parameters were recorded in situ. Vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias was measured as the threshold dose of aconitine required to produce sustained ventricular tachycardia. Histological examination of the heart ventricles was performed. Activation-recovery intervals (ARIs) and ARI dispersions were used as indices of durations and heterogeneity of repolarization respectively to assess ventricular repolarization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The development of compensated RVH was characterized by the dramatic prolongation of repolarization against the less expressed increase in repolarization heterogeneity, whereas the dramatic increase in repolarization heterogeneity against the less expressed but inhomogeneous prolongation of repolarization occurred in the progression of compensated RVH to heart failure. These changes increased vulnerability of the failing heart but not the compensated heart to aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kharin
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Pervomayskaya Street, GSP-2, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation; Department of Physiology, Medical Institute, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin», 11 Babushkin Street, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation.
| | - V V Krandycheva
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Pervomayskaya Street, GSP-2, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation; Department of Physiology, Medical Institute, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin», 11 Babushkin Street, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation
| | - A S Tsvetkova
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Pervomayskaya Street, GSP-2, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation
| | - K V Shumikhin
- Department of Physiology, Medical Institute, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin», 11 Babushkin Street, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation
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Exploring the monocrotaline animal model for the study of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A network approach. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Farías JG, Herrera EA, Carrasco-Pozo C, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cruz G, Morales P, Castillo RL. Pharmacological models and approaches for pathophysiological conditions associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:1-23. [PMID: 26617218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the failure of oxygenation at the tissue level, where the reduced oxygen delivered is not enough to satisfy tissue demands. Metabolic depression is the physiological adaptation associated with reduced oxygen consumption, which evidently does not cause any harm to organs that are exposed to acute and short hypoxic insults. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of endogenous antioxidant systems to scavenge ROS, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases related to hypoxia during intrauterine development and postnatal life. Thus, excessive ROS are implicated in the irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Here, we describe several pathophysiological conditions and in vivo and ex vivo models developed for the study of hypoxic and oxidative stress injury. We reviewed existing literature on the responses to hypoxia and oxidative stress of the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, and central nervous systems, and discussed paradigms of chronic and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. This systematic review is a critical analysis of the advantages in the application of some experimental strategies and their contributions leading to novel pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Farías
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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Biocompatibility Assessment of the CentriMag-Novalung Adult ECMO Circuit in a Model of Acute Pulmonary Hypertension. ASAIO J 2015; 60:429-35. [PMID: 24658516 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is rarely used in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a bridge to lung transplantation. In this study, we assess the blood biocompatibility of the integrated CentriMag-Novalung ECMO system (venoarterial) in an acute model of PH. Severe PH (≥2/3 systemic) was induced in eight sheep through progressive ligation of the main pulmonary artery. System performance, platelet activation, thromboelastography (TEG) parameters, fibrinogen, plasma-free hemoglobin, and total plasma protein were measured at initiation, 3, and 6 hr of support in the ECMO (N = 4) and sham (N = 4) groups. A stable ECMO flow (2.2 ± 0.1 L/min), low transmembrane pressure gradient, and steady blood O2 and CO2 levels were maintained. Platelet activation was low (<4%) in both the groups, whereas platelet responsiveness to agonist (platelet activating factor) was reduced in the sham group when compared with the ECMO group. There were no differences in the TEG parameters, fibrinogen concentration, plasma-free hemoglobin (<10 mg/dl), and plasma total protein between the two groups. The findings of low levels of platelet activation and plfHb suggest adequate blood biocompatibility of the integrated CentriMag-Novalung circuit use for short-term support in a model of PH.
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Courboulin A, Kang C, Baillard O, Bonnet S, Bonnet P. Increasing pulmonary artery pulsatile flow improves hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in piglets. J Vis Exp 2015:e52571. [PMID: 25993379 PMCID: PMC4542540 DOI: 10.3791/52571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease affecting distal pulmonary arteries (PA). These arteries are deformed, leading to right ventricular failure. Current treatments are limited. Physiologically, pulsatile blood flow is detrimental to the vasculature. In response to sustained pulsatile stress, vessels release nitric oxide (NO) to induce vasodilation for self-protection. Based on this observation, this study developed a protocol to assess whether an artificial pulmonary pulsatile blood flow could induce an NO-dependent decrease in pulmonary artery pressure. One group of piglets was exposed to chronic hypoxia for 3 weeks and compared to a control group of piglets. Once a week, the piglets underwent echocardiography to assess PAH severity. At the end of hypoxia exposure, the piglets were subjected to a pulsatile protocol using a pulsatile catheter. After being anesthetized and prepared for surgery, the jugular vein of the piglet was isolated and the catheter was introduced through the right atrium, the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, under radioscopic control. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was measured before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 30 min after (T2) the pulsatile protocol. It was demonstrated that this pulsatile protocol is a safe and efficient method of inducing a significant reduction in mean PAP via an NO-dependent mechanism. These data open up new avenues for the clinical management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Courboulin
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group (CRIUCPQ), Laval University
| | | | - Olivier Baillard
- Université Diderot Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique Explorations Fonctionnelles; INSERM U 965
| | - Sebastien Bonnet
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group (CRIUCPQ), Laval University
| | - Pierre Bonnet
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tours;
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Perros F, Ranchoux B, Izikki M, Bentebbal S, Happé C, Antigny F, Jourdon P, Dorfmüller P, Lecerf F, Fadel E, Simonneau G, Humbert M, Bogaard HJ, Eddahibi S. Nebivolol for improving endothelial dysfunction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right heart function in pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:668-80. [PMID: 25677428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), promoting vasoconstriction, smooth muscle proliferation, and inflammation. OBJECTIVES This study sought to test the hypothesis that nebivolol, a β1-antagonist and β2,3-agonist, may improve PAH and reverse the PAH-related phenotype of pulmonary ECs (P-EC). METHODS We compared the effects of nebivolol with metoprolol, a first-generation β1-selective β-blocker, on human cultured PAH and control P-EC proliferation, vasoactive and proinflammatory factor production, and crosstalk with PA smooth muscle cells. We assessed the effects of both β-blockers in precontracted PA rings. We also compared the effects of both β-blockers in experimental PAH. RESULTS PAH P-ECs overexpressed the proinflammatory mediators interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, fibroblast growth factor-2, and the potent vasoconstrictive agent endothelin-1 as compared with control cells. This pathological phenotype was corrected by nebivolol but not metoprolol in a dose-dependent fashion. We confirmed that PAH P-EC proliferate more than control cells and stimulate more PA smooth muscle cell mitosis, a growth abnormality that was normalized by nebivolol but not by metoprolol. Nebivolol but not metoprolol induced endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide-dependent relaxation of PA. Nebivolol was more potent than metoprolol in improving cardiac function, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and inflammation of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Nebivolol could be a promising option for the management of PAH, improving endothelial dysfunction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right heart function. Until clinical studies are undertaken, however, routine use of β-blockers in PAH cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Perros
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, DHU TORINO, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR-S 999, Labex LERMIT, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
| | - Benoît Ranchoux
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, DHU TORINO, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR-S 999, Labex LERMIT, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Mohamed Izikki
- Inserm U1046, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sana Bentebbal
- Inserm U1046, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chris Happé
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, DHU TORINO, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR-S 999, Labex LERMIT, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Philippe Jourdon
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, DHU TORINO, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR-S 999, Labex LERMIT, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, DHU TORINO, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR-S 999, Labex LERMIT, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Florence Lecerf
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, DHU TORINO, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR-S 999, Labex LERMIT, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Gerald Simonneau
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, DHU TORINO, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR-S 999, Labex LERMIT, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, DHU TORINO, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR-S 999, Labex LERMIT, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang Z, Lakes RS, Golob M, Eickhoff JC, Chesler NC. Changes in large pulmonary arterial viscoelasticity in chronic pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78569. [PMID: 24223157 PMCID: PMC3819365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conduit pulmonary artery (PA) stiffening is characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is an excellent predictor of mortality due to right ventricular (RV) overload. To better understand the impact of conduit PA stiffening on RV afterload, it is critical to examine the arterial viscoelastic properties, which require measurements of elasticity (energy storage behavior) and viscosity (energy dissipation behavior). Here we hypothesize that PAH leads to frequency-dependent changes in arterial stiffness (related to elasticity) and damping ratio (related to viscosity) in large PAs. To test our hypothesis, PAH was induced by the combination of chronic hypoxia and an antiangiogenic compound (SU5416) treatment in mice. Static and sinusoidal pressure-inflation tests were performed on isolated conduit PAs at various frequencies (0.01–20 Hz) to obtain the mechanical properties in the absence of smooth muscle contraction. Static mechanical tests showed significant stiffening of large PAs with PAH, as expected. In dynamic mechanical tests, structural stiffness (κ) increased and damping ratio (D) decreased at a physiologically relevant frequency (10 Hz) in hypertensive PAs. The dynamic elastic modulus (E), a material stiffness, did not increase significantly with PAH. All dynamic mechanical properties were strong functions of frequency. In particular, κ, E and D increased with increasing frequency in control PAs. While this behavior remained for D in hypertensive PAs, it reversed for κ and E. Since these novel dynamic mechanical property changes were found in the absence of changes in smooth muscle cell content or contraction, changes in collagen and proteoglycans and their interactions are likely critical to arterial viscoelasticity in a way that has not been previously described. The impact of these changes in PA viscoelasticity on RV afterload in PAH awaits further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Chronic Disease
- Collagen/chemistry
- Elastic Modulus
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Indoles/adverse effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/chemistry
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Proteoglycans/chemistry
- Pyrroles/adverse effects
- Stress, Mechanical
- Vascular Stiffness
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/pathology
- Viscosity
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Roderic S. Lakes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark Golob
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Naomi C. Chesler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Cattano D, Doursout MF. Pulmonary hypertension: have we learned enough yet? Intern Emerg Med 2012; 7:395-7. [PMID: 22903538 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-012-0840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cattano
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas, Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Li J, Long C, Cui W, Wang H. Iptakalim ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2012; 18:60-9. [PMID: 22947433 DOI: 10.1177/1074248412458154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the experimental therapeutic effects and mechanisms of iptakalim, a new adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) opener, on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right heart ventricle remodeling in rats. METHODS Rats were injected with a single dose (50 mg/kg, ip) of MCT and given iptakalim (1, 3, and 9 mg/kg·per d, orally [po]) or saline for 28 days. The hemodynamic and morphometric parameters were assessed. Tissue and plasma samples were collected for histological and molecular analysis. RESULTS Treatment with iptakalim at daily oral doses of 1, 3, and 9 mg/kg from the day of MCT injection attenuated the high right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) and the increased weight ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) plus septum (S) (RV/(LV+S)), decreased heart rate (HR) and decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP), inhibited the RV myocardial tissue cell apoptosis, and the RV myocardial cell B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) protein expression. Iptakalim also decreased the serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin 1 (ET-1), BNP, and the levels of NO, ET-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the lung tissue. CONCLUSION These results indicate that iptakalim prevents MCT-induced PAH and RV remodeling and its mechanisms are related to inhibiting the pathological increases in NO, ET-1, BNP, and TNF-α, and Iptakalim may be a promising candidate for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Li
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Estrogen-induced relaxation of the rat tail artery is attenuated in rats with pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:95-9. [PMID: 20360619 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the effects of estrogen on arterial smooth muscle contractility are very complex and not fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to examine the mechanisms of estrogen-induced relaxation of the rat tail artery and, specifically, how pulmonary hypertension affects this action. We used male rats and performed experiments on isolated tail arteries in a control group and a group with pulmonary hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (60 mg/kg b.w. ip). The pD2 value (-log EC50) of phenylephrine significantly decreased in the presence of 20 microM of 17beta-estradiol (5.4 +/- 0.13 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.12, p < 0.05, n = 6). Estrogen-induced relaxation of a phenylephrine-precontracted tail artery has two components: endothelium-dependent (ED) and endothelium-independent (EI). The estrogen effect was independent of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, vasoactive prostanoids and nitric oxide. PAH augmented the maximal effect of phenylephrine on the tail artery contractility but did not affect estrogen-induced ED-relaxation. However, the EI component of relaxation induced by estrogen was completely abolished in tail arteries obtained from animals with pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension affects the sensitivity of the rat tail artery to phenylephrine and estrogen, leading to impairment of EI mechanisms of relaxation. Further experiments are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon.
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Henriques-Coelho T, Oliveira SM, Moura RS, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Neves AL, Santos M, Nogueira-Silva C, La Fuente Carvalho F, Brandão-Nogueira A, Correia-Pinto J, Leite-Moreira AF. Thymulin inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension modulating interleukin-6 expression and suppressing p38 pathway. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4367-73. [PMID: 18511508 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) includes an inflammatory response. Thymulin, a zinc-dependent thymic hormone, has important immunobiological effects by inhibiting various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We investigated morphological and hemodynamic effects of thymulin administration in a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH, as well as the pattern of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and the intracellular pathways involved. Adult Wistar rats received an injection of MCT (60 mg/kg, sc) or an equal volume of saline. One day after, the animals randomly received during 3 wk an injection of saline, vehicle (zinc plus carboxymethyl cellulose), or thymulin (100 ng/kg, sc, daily). At d 23-25, the animals were anesthetized for hemodynamic recordings, whereas heart and lungs were collected for morphometric and molecular analysis. Thymulin prevented morphological, hemodynamic, and inflammatory cardiopulmonary profile characteristic of MCT-induced PH, whereas part of these effects were also observed in MCT-treated animals injected with the thymulin's vehicle containing zinc. The pulmonary thymulin effect was likely mediated through suppression of p38 pathway.
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Dinh-Xuan AT, Chaouat A. L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire : de nouveaux concepts pour une « vieille » maladie. Rev Mal Respir 2007; 24:415-6. [PMID: 17468698 DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(07)91564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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