1
|
Koyun E, Suluhan D. The relationship between the caregiver burden and quality of life in parents of Turkish children with anorectal malformation or Hirschsprung's disease. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00187-8. [PMID: 38729895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorectal malformation (ARM) or Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in children impact on parents' burden of care and quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between caregiver burden and QoL in parents of children with ARM or HD. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 51 parents who completed the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Short Form Turkish Version (WHOQOL-BREF-TR). RESULTS The mean (±SD) ZBI score was 33.6 (±12.7), and 47.1% of parents (n = 24) perceived their caregiver burden as mild, 31.4% (n = 16) as moderate, and 3.9% (n = 2) as severe. According to the multivariate linear regression, associated anomalies (β1 = 5.912), family income (β1 = -6.007), stoma care (β1 = 8.287), and diagnosis were identified to be significant determinants of caregiver burden. A negative, moderate, and significant relationship was identified between the ZBI scores and the physical domain (r = -0.417, p < .01), psychological domain (r = -0.421, p < .01), social relations domain (r = -0.398, p < .01), and environmental domain (r = -0.495, p < .01) scores of the WHOQOL-BREF-TR. CONCLUSIONS The mothers perceived their caregiver burden as mild. However, a significant number of parents suffer from moderate to heavy caregiver burden. An increase in the caregiver burden of parents reduces their quality of life. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Heightened awareness of the potential for caregiver burden and its association with quality of life among parents of children with ARM and HD may contribute to improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Koyun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Derya Suluhan
- University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Gülhane Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajasegaran S, Ahmad NA, Tan SK, Lechmiannandan A, Mohamed OM, Cheng JQ, Hassan J, Sanmugam A, Singaravel S, Mohd Khalid H, Abdullah MY, Nah SA. Anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung's disease: a cross-sectional multicentre comparison of quality of life and bowel function to a healthy population. Arch Dis Child 2024:archdischild-2023-326724. [PMID: 38649254 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with anorectal malformation (ARM) and Hirschsprung's disease (HD) often experience bowel symptoms into adulthood, despite definitive surgery. This study evaluates the quality of life (QOL) and bowel functional outcome of children treated for ARM and HD in comparison to healthy controls. METHODS Between December 2020 and February 2023, we recruited patients with ARM and HD aged 3-17 years at four tertiary referral centres, who had primary corrective surgery done >12 months prior. Healthy controls were age-matched and sex-matched. All participants completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales 4.0, General Well-Being (GWB) Scale 3.0 and Family Impact (FI) Module 2.0 Questionnaires. Bowel Function Score (BFS) Questionnaires were also administered. We also performed subgroup analysis according to age categories. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed with p<0.05 significance. Ethical approval was obtained. RESULTS There were 306 participants: 101 ARM, 87 HD, 118 controls. Patients with ARM and HD had significantly worse Core and FI Scores compared with controls overall and in all age categories. In the GWB Scale, only ARM and HD adolescents (13-17 years) had worse scores than controls. ARM and HD had significantly worse BFSs compared with controls overall and in all age categories. There was significant positive correlation between BFS and Core Scores, GWB Scores and FI Scores. CONCLUSION Patients with ARM and HD had worse QOL than controls. Lower GWB Scores in adolescents suggests targeted interventions are necessary. Bowel function influences QOL, indicating the need for continuous support into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suganthi Rajasegaran
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aini Ahmad
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sabah Women and Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Shung Ken Tan
- Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Abhirrami Lechmiannandan
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Omar Mazali Mohamed
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joo Qing Cheng
- Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Junaidah Hassan
- Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Anand Sanmugam
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srihari Singaravel
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazlina Mohd Khalid
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sabah Women and Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusof Abdullah
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shireen Anne Nah
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roorda D, van der Steeg AFW, van Dijk M, Derikx JPM, Gorter RR, Rotteveel J, van Goudoever JB, van Heurn LWE, Oosterlaan J, Haverman L. Distress and post-traumatic stress in parents of patients with congenital gastrointestinal malformations: a cross-sectional cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:353. [PMID: 36089585 PMCID: PMC9465926 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital gastrointestinal malformation (CGIM) require neonatal surgical treatment and may lead to disease-specific sequelae, which have a potential psychological impact on parents. The aim of this study is to assess distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in parents of patients with CGIM. In this cross-sectional study, seventy-nine parents (47 mothers and 32 fathers) of 53 patients with CGIM completed the Distress Thermometer for Parents (DT-P) and the Self Rating Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (SRS-PTSD) as part of the multidisciplinary follow-up of their children (aged 5–35 months). Group differences were tested between parents and representative Dutch reference groups with regard to rates of (clinical) distress and PTSD, and severity of overall distress and PTSD, for mothers and fathers separately. Mixed model regression models were used to study factors associated with the risk of (clinical) distress, PTSD and with severity of symptoms of PTSD (intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal).
Results
Prevalence of clinical distress was comparable to reference groups for mothers (46%) and fathers (34%). There was no difference in severity of overall distress between both mothers as well as fathers and reference groups. Prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher in mothers (23%) compared to the reference group (5.3%) (OR = 5.51, p < 0.001), not in fathers (6.3% vs 2.2.%). Symptoms of intrusion were commonly reported by all the parents (75%). Longer total length of child’s hospital stay was associated with more severe symptoms of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal. Child’s length of follow-up was negatively associated with severity of intrusion.
Conclusions
Having a child with CGIM has a huge impact on parents, demonstrated by a higher prevalence of PTSD in mothers, but not fathers, compared to parents in the general population. Monitoring of symptoms of PTSD of parents in follow-up is necessary.
Collapse
|
4
|
Flankegård G, Mörelius E, Duchen K, Rytterström P. Experiences of parents who give pharmacological treatment to children with functional constipation at home. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:3519-3527. [PMID: 33043491 PMCID: PMC7702076 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim was to explore the lived experiences of parents who give oral and rectal pharmacological treatment to their children with functional constipation at home. Design A phenomenological design with a reflective lifeworld research approach that describes phenomena as they are experienced by individuals. Methods From January–May 2019, 15 interviews were conducted with parents of children with functional constipation with home‐based oral and rectal treatment. Parents were recruited from three different healthcare levels. Open‐ended questions were used starting from the description of a normal day with constipation treatment. Analyses were made with an open and reflective ‘bridling’ attitude. Findings Constipation treatment causes parents to question their parental identity and what it means to be a good parent. Forced treatment makes them feel abusive and acting against their will as parents. There is a conflict between doubt and second thoughts about the treatment, the urge to treat based on the child's needs and encouragement from healthcare professionals to give treatment. Conclusion As pharmacological constipation treatment can be experienced as challenging, it is important to help parents make an informed decision about how such treatment should be carried out at home. The findings reveal a medical treatment situation where parents hesitate and children resist, resulting in insecure parents who question their parental identity. Impact The findings point to the importance of supporting parents in treatment situations. Healthcare providers need to treat children with constipation with greater focus and more prompt management to prevent these families from lingering longer than necessary in the healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Flankegård
- Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Evalotte Mörelius
- Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Norrkoping, Sweden.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Karel Duchen
- Division of Children's and Women's Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrik Rytterström
- Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Norrkoping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai Y, Zheng H, Liang H, Li R, Lan M, Zeng J. Parental Self-efficacy and Health-related Outcomes Among Children with Hirschsprung Disease: A Cross-sectional Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 53:e164-e170. [PMID: 32402559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little attention has been put to parental self-efficacy (PSE) on the home care management and its impact on the health-related outcome in children with Hirschsprung disease (HD) after surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between PSE and post-operative outcome and quality of life (QoL) in children with HD. DESIGN AND METHODS This study adopted a cross-sectional study design. Children diagnosed with HD who had surgery during 2015 and 2018, and their parents were included. Parental self-efficacy, children's post-operative fecal continence and QoL were evaluated with validated questionnaires; post-operative readmission and adverse events were extracted from electronic medical record system. RESULTS Of the eligible families, 69.6% (96/138) responded to the follow-up. The median children's age at surgery and current age were 16 (interquartile range: 10-32) and 45 (interquartile range: 39.7-57) months, respectively. The mean PSE score is 8.78 points, with the lowest score in the bowel habit training dimension (7.88 ± 2.28), followed by getting social support dimension (8.07 ± 2.64). Multivariable linear regression showed that PSE was associated with fecal continence (β = 0.043, 95% CI 0.013-0.072), pediatric QoL total score (β = 0.210, 95% CI 0.011-0.409) and social score (β = 0.273, 95% CI 0.022-0.525). No associations were observed between PSE and weight z-score, height z-score, readmission or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS PSE is correlated with fecal continence and QoL of children with HD. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS PSE should be considered when designing a parental education program, with the focus on bowel habit training and getting social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Zheng
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menglong Lan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixiao Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Children and adolescents with VACTERL association: health-related quality of life and psychological well-being in children and adolescents and their parents. Qual Life Res 2019; 29:913-924. [PMID: 31741214 PMCID: PMC7142056 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose VACTERL association is a rare and complex condition of congenital malformations, often requiring repeated surgery and entailing various physical sequelae. Due to scarcity of knowledge, the study aim was to investigate self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression and self-concept in children and adolescents with VACTERL association and self-reported anxiety and depression in their parents. Methods Patients aged 8–17 years with VACTERL association and their parents were recruited from three of four Swedish paediatric surgical centres during 2015–2019. The well-established validated questionnaires DISABKIDS, Beck Youth Inventories, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were sent to the families. Data were analysed using descriptives, t tests and multivariable analysis. Results were compared with norm groups and reference samples. Results The questionnaires were returned by 40 patients, 38 mothers and 33 fathers. The mean HRQoL was M = 80.4, comparable to children with asthma (M = 80.2) and diabetes (M = 79.5). Self-reported psychological well-being was comparable to the norm group of Swedish school children, and was significantly higher than a clinical sample. Factors negatively influencing children’s HRQoL and psychological well-being were identified. The parents’ self-reports of anxiety and depression were comparable to non-clinical samples. Conclusions Although children and adolescents with VACTERL association reported similar HRQoL to those of European children with chronic conditions, their psychological well-being was comparable to Swedish school children in general. Nevertheless, some individuals among both children and parents were in need of extra support. This attained knowledge is valuable when counselling parents regarding the prognosis for children with VACTERL association.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kassa AM, Engstrand Lilja H, Engvall G. From crisis to self-confidence and adaptation; Experiences of being a parent of a child with VACTERL association - A complex congenital malformation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215751. [PMID: 31002700 PMCID: PMC6474607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Knowledge is scarce regarding mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of being a parent of a child with VACTERL association—a complex malformation. The aim of the study was to describe experiences of being a parent of a child with VACTERL association. Method Semi-structured interviews were performed with ten mothers and nine fathers face-to-face or by telephone and analyzed by using Qualitative content analysis. Results The parents described crisis reactions at the discovery of malformations in their child. Involvement in care was reported from the initial hospital admission until actively taking responsibility for treatments at home. Eventually the health condition became an integrated part of everyday life. The parents expressed the importance of meeting other families with a child with VACTERL. Descriptions were given of more or less professionalism with perceived discrepancies of knowledge and experience between the healthcare professionals in the tertiary hospital and those in the local hospital. Difficulties in receiving medical support during the initial period at home were described. Furthermore, emotional support and practical arrangements regarding parental accommodation and transportation varied. Conclusion Being a parent of a child with VACTERL association involves crisis, mixed emotional reactions and shared responsibility for the child´s treatment and care with the professional care providers. Psychological processing, good medical care and support from experts, and peer support from other parents is essential in the parents’ struggle to reach self-confidence and adaptation. A care plan with individualized tailored care for each child including a training and support plan for the parents is warranted. To reduce the described discrepancies in knowledge and experience between the local and tertiary hospital, video sessions with the parents and responsible professionals at the local and tertiary hospital could be an appropriate mode of transferring information at discharge and follow up of the child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Kassa
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Helene Engstrand Lilja
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunn Engvall
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wigander H, Öjmyr-Joelsson M, Frenckner B, Wester T, Nisell M. Impact of Low Anorectal Malformation on Parenting Stress: A Mixed-Method Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2018; 42:e45-e51. [PMID: 29778302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to investigate parenting stress among parents of children with low ARM. STUDY AIMS 1) Compare parenting stress among parents of children with low ARM, with parents of healthy children using questionnaires. 2) Identify subscales within the questionnaire which needed to be further explored. 3) Use semi-structured interviews with parents of children with low ARM, to explore parenting stress and to explain, expand and or support the quantitative findings. DESIGN AND METHODS An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used in this follow up study. The parents completed the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ), semi-structured interviews were conducted. RESULTS Fifteen mothers and 13 fathers of children with low ARM age 8-18, returned completed questionnaires. A control group of 17 mothers and 6 fathers of healthy children age 8-18 that had visited the hospital for a minor procedure was recruited for comparison purposes. There were no significant differences found between index group and controls except in the subscale Incompetence, where parents of children with low ARM reported lower levels of stress compared to controls. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with low ARM. Qualitative content analysis was used and revealed three themes - Communication between parents, Expectations of parenthood, and Challenges concerning parenthood. CONCLUSIONS Parents of children with low ARM did not report high levels of stress. When interviewed, they told about earlier experiences of emotional stress, feelings of guilt, and chaos at the time the child was born and during infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Wigander
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Öjmyr-Joelsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Frenckner
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Wester
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margret Nisell
- The Swedish Red Cross University College, Department of Health Sciences, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kassa AM, Engvall G, Engstrand Lilja H. Young children with severe congenital malformations (VACTERL) expressed mixed feelings about their condition and worries about needles and anaesthesia. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1694-1701. [PMID: 28672091 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our knowledge of the perceptions that children with severe congenital malformations have of their health, treatment and how to improve hospital care is limited. This study focused on patients with vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, renal anomalies and limb abnormalities (VACTERL). METHODS We interviewed 10 children aged five to eight years with VACTERL association who were treated in a Swedish tertiary paediatric surgical centre, using a computer-assisted technique called In My Shoes. The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The children described their awareness of their health history and said they felt proud but different due to their physical dysfunction. They were happy to visit the hospital to meet familiar staff, but expressed negative feelings about missing normal life. They were afraid of needle-related procedures and not wakening up after anaesthesia. Various ways of coping with difficult situations were expressed, and suggestions to improve hospital care were voiced. CONCLUSION Careful follow-up of these children by multidisciplinary teams is crucial to optimise their health and functional status. Fear of medical procedures may be reduced by carefully delivered information, listening to the children, providing continuity of care and creating individual care strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-M Kassa
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Paediatric Surgery; University Children's Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| | - G Engvall
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - H Engstrand Lilja
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Paediatric Surgery; University Children's Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goudarzi Z, Askari M, Seyed-Fatemi N, Asgari P, Mehran A. The effect of educational program on stress, anxiety and depression of the mothers of neonates having colostomy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3902-5. [PMID: 26864254 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1152242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the problems that mothers of neonates having colostomy face is their disability in caring colostomy at home. This article is going to demonstrate the impact of educational program for these mothers on their sense of empowerment in caring their neonates. METHODS This clinical trial was performed in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) to evaluate the level of stress, anxiety and depression of mothers of neonates having colostomy before and after the educational program. In this program, 42 mothers were divided into two groups: experimental group (21 mothers who went under educational plan) and control group (21 mothers who only received the routine care). The levels of stress, anxiety and depression in all mothers were evaluated before and after the educational program with DASS 21 questionnaire. RESULTS The results showed that educational program in the NICU for experimental groups made them independent and also empowered to care better for their babies. In addition, their depression, anxiety and stress levels were decreased. CONCLUSION Since the educational program led to a decrease in the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in mothers, this program is recommended to mothers of neonates having colostomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Goudarzi
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing , School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoumeh Askari
- b Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Naiemeh Seyed-Fatemi
- c Center for Nursing Care Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parvaneh Asgari
- d Department of Intensive Care , School of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran , and
| | - Abbas Mehran
- e School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Filce HG, LaVergne L. Absenteeism, educational plans, and anxiety among children with incontinence and their parents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2015; 85:241-250. [PMID: 25731198 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with incontinence have more absenteeism, poorer academic performance, and potential social difficulties during the school years. These children and their parents are at risk for illness-related anxiety. Whereas educational plans are designed to remediate educational, medical, and social-emotional barriers at school, little research has explored the relationship among absenteeism, educational plans, and anxiety for this population. METHODS Eighty-three families provided demographic information and completed either the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale Second Edition (RCMAS-2) or the Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale (AMAS-A). A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationships among these variables. RESULTS Children with chronic illness resulting in incontinence had greater than expected rates of absenteeism. A high level of absenteeism was a significant predictor of parental anxiety, but not child anxiety. Over one third reported having no plan in place to support the child's needs at school. However, when a plan was present, it had no impact on child or parental anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Absenteeism contributes to familial anxiety and educational difficulties. Despite the potential for educational plans to support these children at school, these plans are underutilized for children with incontinence. This population requires more attention to their academic and social-emotional well-being at school.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hollie G Filce
- Curriculum, Instruction and Special Education, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, No. 5057, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
The impact of a 1-week residential program on anxiety in adolescents with incontinence: a quasi-experimental study. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2014; 40:185-92. [PMID: 23354366 DOI: 10.1097/won.0b013e31827e8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of a 1-week residential program on anxiety in adolescents with bowel and/or bladder dysfunction. SUBJECTS AND SETTING Participants were 89 adolescents (mean age = 14.56 years, range 11-18 years) attending a 1-week residential program for individuals with bowel and/or bladder dysfunction. The program is both educational and social in nature and is held at 1 of 3 rotating university campuses. METHODS A quasi-experimental study design that included 3 administrations of the Multi-dimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) was employed for data collection. The MASC was administered immediately before the program, immediately after the program, and 2 to 4 months after conclusion of the program. INTERVENTION The 1-week program includes structured and unstructured sessions facilitated by young adults with these conditions and/or WOC nurses. Topics are physiological and psychological in nature, focusing on strategies for home, school, and medical settings. There are also social activities designed to facilitate development of social relationships among peers. RESULTS : A positive, statistically significant impact on total MASC scores was found (F1.679, 80.587 = 3.587; P = .404) as well as on the Social Anxiety scale (F2,96 = 5.299; P = .007) and its 2 subscales, Humiliation/Rejection Fears (F2,96 = 3.876; P = .024) and Performance Fears (F2,96 = 6.453; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS This 1-week residential summer program was found to exert a positive impact on anxiety symptoms, particularly social anxiety, and benefits persisted for 2 to 4 months. This suggests the psychological benefits of even relatively brief experiences for individuals with bowel and/or bladder dysfunction.
Collapse
|
13
|
Children with high and intermediate imperforate anus: their experiences of hospital care. Pediatr Surg Int 2011; 27:1117-22. [PMID: 21590476 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-011-2927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of children with high and intermediate imperforate anus (IA), and specifically their experiences of hospital care. METHODS Twenty-five children born with high and intermediate IA participated; 9 boys and 16 girls. The mean age was 10.5 years (range 8.0-13.6). Two control groups were involved in the study. A self-report questionnaire was used to gather the data concerning children's experiences of hospital care. Items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS The children's responses on hospital care items scored high. The children with IA reported being less satisfied with the information given, and understood less why they needed to visit the hospital than did the children in the two control groups. CONCLUSION The children's experiences of care seemed to be positive even though the children born with IA are subjected to invasive treatment. More research is called for in the unexplored area of information to the children, and particularly to the children born with a defect. Children's views are important and should always be considered, as their answers most certainly reflect a genuine experience, contributing to the further development of their specific care.
Collapse
|
14
|
John V, Chacko J, Mathai J, Karl S, Sen S. Psychosocial aspects of follow-up of children operated for intermediate anorectal malformations. Pediatr Surg Int 2010; 26:989-94. [PMID: 20694472 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the degree of stress in parents of children operated for intermediate anorectal malformations, and their quality of life (QOL) at follow-up. METHODS Forty-two of the 166 children who had undergone a sacroperineal pullthrough operation for an intermediate type of anorectal malformation, between 1996 and 2005, in the department of paediatric surgery at Christian Medical College, Vellore, responded to follow-up. The psychosocial well-being of the parents and the QOL of the children were assessed by an independent observer. RESULTS The main factor which aggravated the stress and caused dissatisfaction with the final outcome was fecal soiling. Mothers bore the brunt of the care of these children, with some help from the fathers and grandparents. The QOL was also significantly affected by soiling, and improvement in soiling resulted in a dramatic improvement in the QOL. CONCLUSION Managing fecal soiling aggressively in the child with anorectal malformation, and providing social support to the family, are crucial for achieving a better QOL in these children and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viju John
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saveman BI. Family nursing research for practice: the Swedish perspective. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2010; 16:26-44. [PMID: 20145285 DOI: 10.1177/1074840709360314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This article offers a synthesis of the significant developments and progress of family nursing in Sweden. A review was conducted to locate Swedish family nursing research produced over the past 10 years. CINAHL, Medline, and PubMed were the primary databases used to locate approximately 75 family nursing studies conducted in Sweden. The majority of the studies used descriptive methods with data collected from surveys and interviews involving nurses and family members either together or individually. Only a few of the studies examined family nursing interventions. This article also reports the results of a recent survey of Swedish nurses that examined how family nursing is used in practice. After 10 years of creating a strong foundation for family-focused nursing in Sweden, there is still a need for nurse researchers, educators, and administrators to collaborate in the implementation of family nursing to practice.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nisell M, Ojmyr-Joelsson M, Frenckner B, Rydelius PA, Christensson K. Psychosocial experiences of parents of a child with imperforate anus. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2009; 14:221-9. [PMID: 19796321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2009.00192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the psychosocial experiences of parents of children with imperforate anus (IA) and to describe their potential positive experiences. DESIGN AND METHODS Parents of IA children and a comparison group answered a questionnaire, which was analyzed quantitatively and with manifest content analysis. RESULTS Social relationships and respect for the child's will were more affected among IA mothers. Positive experiences were revealed in relation to the child, the parent, and the family. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Support to parents in caring for a child with IA should be individualized and occasionally undertaken through collaboration with experts from child and adolescent psychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margret Nisell
- Red Cross University College, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guiller CA, Dupas G, Pettengill MAM. Suffering eases over time: the experience of families in the care of children with congenital anomalies. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2009; 17:495-500. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-11692009000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the experience of caring for a child with a congenital anomaly from the family's perspective. Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory were the theoretical and methodological references, respectively. Data collection was carried out with eight families with children having congenital anomalies through semi-structured interviews and participating observation. Data analysis reached axial coding. Results revealed two phenomena in the experience of families in delivering care to children with congenital anomalies - Facing an initially difficult experience and suffering eases over time. We concluded that the understanding of this experience supports the need to reconsider the nursing care provided to families in the care of children with congenital anomalies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nisell M, Igl W, Öjmyr-Joelsson M, Frenckner B, Rydelius PA, Christensson K. Social Issues Among Children With High or Intermediate Imperforate Anus: A Proxy Perspective. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2009; 22:132-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2009.00179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
19
|
Ojmyr-Joelsson M, Nisell M, Frenckner B, Rydelius PA, Christensson K. A gender perspective on the extent to which mothers and fathers each take responsibility for care of a child with high and intermediate imperforate anus. J Pediatr Nurs 2009; 24:207-15. [PMID: 19467434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Imperforate anus is a malformation of the child's anus. Parents' experiences of responsibility for care of the child may differ. The aim of this study was to evaluate a gender perspective on the extent to which mothers and fathers each take responsibility for the care of a child with high and intermediate imperforate anus. Parents of children with imperforate anus and two control groups of children and parents participated. Data collection with questionnaires focusing on responsibility was performed. In conclusion, our study revealed additional evidence of unevenly divided parental responsibility for care of a child with a chronic condition. The mothers in this study were shown to be the primary caregiver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ojmyr-Joelsson
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nisell M, Brodin U, Christensson K, Rydelius PA. The Imperforate Anus Psychosocial Questionnaire (IAPSQ): its construction and psychometric properties. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2009; 3:15. [PMID: 19442291 PMCID: PMC2694156 DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-3-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The origin of the present study was to develop the liaison work between the disciplines of child and adolescent psychiatry and paediatric surgery and nursing, so as to improve the quality of treatment and care of a group of children with imperforate anus (IA) and their families. Imperforate anus is a congenital disease involving a deformity of the anorectum. The early surgery and invasive follow-up treatment associated with IA may affect the child psychosocially, including the child-parent relationship. By developing and testing a questionnaire for children born with anorectal anomalies, a tool for measuring psychosocial functioning can be realized. METHODS First, a literature review on "Imperforate Anus" was performed. Second, an exploratory interview study was conducted with patients/adolescents with IA and their parents. The findings from these interviews were the foundation for construction of the questionnaire. The Imperforate Anus Psychosocial Questionnaire (IAPSQ) was tested and revised three times before its completion. It contains 45 items on Likert scales. A total of 87 children completed the IAPSQ: 25 children with IA and two comparison groups. Face and content validity were considered. The Rasch approach, an item response theory model, was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the IAPSQ, where item difficulty and person ability are concurrently approximated. RESULTS The findings of the Rasch analysis revealed that the psychological dimension was reasonable, and that person reliability (0.83) was moderate and item reliability (0.95) was sufficient. The social dimension showed satisfactory item reliability (0.87). The person reliability (0.52) of the social dimension was weak. Content validity seemed to be established and construct validity was recognized on the psychological dimension. CONCLUSION The IAPSQ provides a reasonably valid and reliable measure of psychosocial functioning for clinical use among children with IA, although some revisions are suggested for the next version of the IAPSQ. By using the Rasch model, we discovered that specific items should be discarded and other items should be reformulated to make the questionnaire more "on target". The social dimension has to be expanded with further items to reasonably capture a social dimension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margret Nisell
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ojmyr-Joelsson M, Christensson K, Frenckner B, Nisell M, Lindholm T. Children with high and intermediate imperforate anus: remembering and talking about medical treatment carried out early in life. Pediatr Surg Int 2008; 24:1009-15. [PMID: 18668253 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-008-2203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of children with high and intermediate imperforate anus entails several different surgical procedures during the first 3-12 months of life, which are accompanied by a strict follow-up treatment regimen. It has not been studied whether the children remember this treatment carried out early in life. Research has shown that small children may demonstrate so-called non-verbal memories of salient events occurring in early childhood. The purpose was to examine whether children with imperforate anus showed distressing memories of previous medical treatment and whether parent-child dialog about medical treatment is related to the child's psychosocial functioning later in life. Parents of 25 children (9 boys, 16 girls) with high and intermediate imperforate anus participated in the study. The mean age among the children was 10.5 years (range 8.0-13.6). A comparison group of 30 children (5 boys and 25 girls) with juvenile chronic arthritis also participated in the study. The mean age was 10.6 years (range 7.8-13.6). All parents answered the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4-18) and a study-specific questionnaire. Children in both groups were reported to show distressing memories of early treatment. Children who had been talked to showed good psychosocial function and were in a better mood and less angry than those who had not been talked to. Parent-child discussions about the child's experiences of medical treatment did not seem to be harmful or in any other way detrimental to the child, instead such discussions seemed to facilitate the child's psychosocial functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ojmyr-Joelsson
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nisell M, Ojmyr-Joelsson M, Frenckner B, Rydelius PA, Christensson K. Views on psychosocial functioning: responses from children with imperforate anus and their parents. J Pediatr Health Care 2008; 22:166-74. [PMID: 18455065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High and intermediate imperforate anus (IA) is a congenital malformation that may entail psychosocial consequences. The objective was to examine disagreement on psychosocial functioning in reports between children with high and intermediate IA and their mothers. METHOD Twenty-five children with IA and their mothers participated, including two groups for comparison. The responses on 15 psychosocial variables were compared on pair-level, between the mothers and their child, within each group. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found on the psychological variables in all groups, for example, feelings of sadness. For responses related to the social variables, few statistical discrepancies were found, except for the items "bullied" and "teased." Two specific discrepancies emerged in responses from children with IA and their mothers, the child's self-confidence and the mothers' thinking about their child's disability. DISCUSSION It is vital to gather information from both the child and the parents in order to obtain a complete assessment of the child. The course of disagreement can give valuable information for future care, including where to exert extra effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margret Nisell
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hamid CH, Holland AJA, Martin HCO. Long-term outcome of anorectal malformations: the patient perspective. Pediatr Surg Int 2007; 23:97-102. [PMID: 17171379 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-006-1841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To assess the long-term outcome of surgery for anorectal malformations (ARM) from the patient's perspective. One hundred and sixty seven children were operated for ARM between 1982 and 2000. Disease impact questionnaires to assess both clinical and psychological outcomes were sent to 137 eligible families. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 11.5. The response rate was 61% (n=84). Sixty six percent had soiling. There was no significant difference in the incidence of soiling between genders or between the younger child and adolescent. Soiling was significantly increased in high (86%) and intermediate (79%) compared to low (43%) malformation (P=0.001). Constipation was seen in 62% and abdominal pain in 49%, with no significant difference between malformation levels. Overall, 71% had associated anomalies. Although 44% had a documented urological abnormality, clinical significant problems were seen in only 30%. Eighty percent of the children had one or more behavioural problems and 15% expressed suicidal thoughts. ARM had a negative impact on the social life of the child in 52% and on family functioning in 50%. Soiling (P=0.000), presence of associated anomalies (P=0.001), constipation (P=0.005), level of ARM (P=0.015) and abdominal pain (P=0.039) correlated significantly with psychosocial morbidity. Despite these findings, 62% of adolescents and 71% of children below 12 years with their parents reported above average global hopefulness score, remaining hopeful for the future. Children with ARM have ongoing physical and social morbidity, indicating the need for continuing multidisciplinary review and support to optimise their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Hamid
- Department of Academic Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ojmyr-Joelsson M, Nisell M, Frenckner B, Rydelius PA, Christensson K. Parental experiences: care of children with high and intermediate imperforate anus. Clin Nurs Res 2006; 15:290-305. [PMID: 17056771 DOI: 10.1177/1054773806291856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study parental experiences of care of children with high and intermediate imperforate anus were evaluated. A group of 45 parents of children with high and intermediate imperforate anus and two control groups participated. Data collection with individual questionnaires concerning the child's hospital care, information to the parent and the child, and involvement in the care of the child were performed. Parents of children with imperforate anus reported being less satisfied with the care of their child, and they were less content with information about their child's treatment compared with the control groups. The parents had been extremely involved in the follow-up treatment. Constipation and fecal incontinence are common and involve suffering for the children and their parents. Parents have to be motivated and supportive and have a great deal of patience to be able to put up with caring for these children, and it seems as if health care professionals have underestimated their problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ojmyr-Joelsson
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ojmyr-Joelsson M, Nisell M, Frenckner B, Rydelius PA, Christensson K. High and intermediate imperforate anus: psychosocial consequences among school-aged children. J Pediatr Surg 2006; 41:1272-8. [PMID: 16818062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Imperforate anus is an unusual malformation, which, even after surgical intervention, usually entails constipation and fecal incontinence. This study aimed to evaluate ongoing psychosocial effects of this birth defect in school-aged children. METHODS Twenty-five children born with high and intermediate imperforate anus participated in the study, along with their parents and classroom teachers. One group of healthy children and 1 group of children with juvenile chronic arthritis, along with their parents, served as controls. Children and parents individually answered a questionnaire devised for this study. Parents filled out the Child Behavior Checklist and the children's teacher filled out the Teacher's Report Form. RESULTS According to test results, children with imperforate anus were happy and optimistic. They liked school better and reported better relationships with schoolmates than the other children. The index group reported statistically significantly more frequent constipation. According to parental responses, the imperforate-anus children suffered from fecal incontinence and odor, as well as constipation (P < .001). Index-group parents reported on the Child Behavior Checklist that their children had more emotional and behavioral problems. On the Teacher's Report Form, teachers reported few problems for the same children. CONCLUSIONS Patients with imperforate anus did not experience psychosocial impairment despite significant functional problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ojmyr-Joelsson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Q2:03, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|