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Zhao L, Li D, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Chen C, Xu CF, Chu X, Zhang Y, Yang X. HSP70-Promoter-Driven CRISPR/Cas9 System Activated by Reactive Oxygen Species for Multifaceted Anticancer Immune Response and Potentiated Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13821-13833. [PMID: 35993350 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To address the low response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, we propose a specific promoter-driven CRISPR/Cas9 system, F-PC/pHCP, that achieves permanent genomic disruption of PD-L1 and elicits a multifaceted anticancer immune response to potentiate immunotherapy. This system consists of a chlorin e6-encapsulated fluorinated dendrimer and HSP70-promoter-driven CRISPR/Cas9. F-PC/pHCP under 660 nm laser activated the HSP70 promoter and enabled the specific expression of the Cas9 protein to disrupt the PD-L1 gene, preventing immune escape. Moreover, F-PC/pHCP also induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and reprogrammed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Overall, this specific promoter-driven CRISPR/Cas9 system showed great anticancer efficacy and, more importantly, stimulated an immune memory response to inhibit distant tumor growth and lung metastasis. This CRISPR/Cas9 system represents an alternative strategy for ICB therapy as well as enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyi Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghai Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xianzhu Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Ali TFS, Taira N, Iwamaru K, Koga R, Kamo M, Radwan MO, Tateishi H, Kurosaki H, Abdel-Aziz M, Abuo-Rahma GEDAA, Beshr EAM, Otsuka M, Fujita M. HSP70 induction by bleomycin metal core analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127002. [PMID: 32044184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is known to be effective against various diseases. We are interested in HSP70 induction capability of an antitumor antibiotic bleomycin which produces oxidative stress by iron chelate formation and oxygen activation in a cell. The HSP70 induction activity of bleomycin and its six metal core analogs was examined, and a compound HPH-1Trt of 10 μM was found to induce this protein in a pheochromocytoma cell line and some T cell and monocytic cell lines. Its mechanism is increase of HSP70 mRNA, but higher concentration of this compound showed toxicity. Two new derivatives were then synthesized, and one of them named DHPH-1Trt was shown to have less toxicity and higher HSP70 induction activity. This study would lead to a clue for new HSP70 inducer clinically used in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha F S Ali
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Naomi Taira
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kana Iwamaru
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryoko Koga
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kamo
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mohamed O Radwan
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kurosaki
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | | | - Eman A M Beshr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., 1-7-30 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan.
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Xin L, Wang J, Fan G, Wu Y, Guo S. Activation of HSPA1A promoter by environmental pollutants: An early and rapid response to cellular damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1027-1033. [PMID: 25863329 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We established the HepG2-luciferase cells containing a luciferase reporter gene regulated by human HSPA1A promoter. The screening of heat shock and three typical environmental toxicants revealed differences in their capacities to activate HSPA1A promoter in HepG2-luciferase cells. After heat shock, a progressive time-dependent increase in relative luciferase activity was detected peaking at 8h of recovery. Benzo[a]pyrene, formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite induced significant time-dependent elevation of relative luciferase activity, which were positively correlated with MDA concentration, Olive tail moment and micronuclei frequency. The significant increase in relative luciferase activity was already evident after 4h of benzo[a]pyrene, 1h of formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite exposure, when no increases in cellular damage were detected by other toxicity tests. Therefore, the HepG2-luciferase cells are useful model for examining the overall cellular responses to oxidative stress and genotoxic damage, and provide a reporter system for rapid and sensitive screening of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xin
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianshu Wang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 72 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 58 Suqian Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhu Wu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sifan Guo
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Tavassol F, Kokemüller H, Zimmerer R, Gellrich NC, Eckardt A. Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and postoperative radiotherapy on expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in head and neck vessels. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:81. [PMID: 21745403 PMCID: PMC3146838 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer result in changes to the vessels that are used to construct microsurgical anastomoses. The aim of the study was to investigate quantitative changes and HSP70 expression of irradiated neck recipient vessels and transplant vessels used for microsurgical anastomoses. Methods Of 20 patients included in this study five patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation, another five received conventional radiotherapy and 10 patients where treated without previous radiotherapy. During surgical procedure, vessel specimens where obtained by the surgeon. Immunhistochemical staining of HSP70 was performed and quantitative measurement and evaluation of HSP70 was carried out. Results Conventional radiation and neoadjuvant chemoradiation revealed in a thickening of the intima layer of recipient vessels. A increased expression of HSP70 could be detected in the media layer of the recipient veins as well as in the transplant veins of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Radiation and chemoradiation decreased the HSP70 expression of the intima layer in recipient arteries. Conventional radiation led to a decrease of HSP70 expression in the media layer of recipient arteries. Conclusion Our results showed that anticancer drugs can lead to a thickening of the intima layer of transplant and recipient veins and also increase the HSP70 expression in the media layer of the recipient vessels. In contrast, conventional radiation decreased the HSP70 expression in the intima layer of arteries and the media layer of recipient arteries and veins. Comparing these results with wall thickness, it was concluded, that high levels of HSP70 may prevent the intima layer of arteries and the media layer of vein from thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Tavassol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
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Mitra S, Goren EM, Frelinger JG, Foster TH. Activation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Promoter with meso-Tetrahydroxyphenyl Chlorin Photodynamic Therapy Reported by Green Fluorescent Protein In Vitro and In Vivo¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780615aohspp2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wada KI, Taniguchi A, Xu L, Okano T. Rapid and highly sensitive detection of cadmium chloride induced cytotoxicity using the HSP70B′ promoter in live cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 92:410-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mitra S, Goren EM, Frelinger JG, Foster TH. Activation of heat shock protein 70 promoter with meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin photodynamic therapy reported by green fluorescent protein in vitro and in vivo. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 78:615-22. [PMID: 14743872 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0615:aohspp>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT) include induction of heat shock proteins (HSP). We examined meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) PDT-mediated HSP activation in EMT6 cells stably transfected with a plasmid containing the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by an hsp70 promoter. mTHPC incubation induced concentration-dependent GFP expression. Irradiation of cells exposed to a sensitizer concentration that induced a slight increase in GFP and no loss of cell viability resulted in fluence-dependent GFP accumulation. In response to drug only and to PDT, GFP levels increased to a maximum of four- to five-fold above control levels with increasing drug or fluence and then decreased at higher doses. A trypan blue-exclusion assay confirmed that decreased GFP levels in both cases were due to a loss of cell viability. For initial evaluation in vivo, HSP70/ GFP-transfected EMT6 tumors were grown in BALB/c mice and subjected to mTHPC-PDT with a fluence of 1 J/cm2. Six hours after PDT, GFP fluorescence was imaged in these tumors through the intact skin in vivo. These results indicate that sublethal doses of mTHPC-PDT stimulate GFP expression under the control of an hsp70 promoter and illustrate the potential of noninvasively monitoring reporter protein fluorescence as a measure of molecular response to PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Aït-Aïssa S, Pandard P, Magaud H, Arrigo AP, Thybaud E, Porcher JM. Evaluation of an in vitro hsp70 induction test for toxicity assessment of complex mixtures: comparison with chemical analyses and ecotoxicity tests. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2003; 54:92-104. [PMID: 12547640 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-6513(02)00026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a human cell line containing the hsp70 promoter linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in evaluating the toxic potential of complex mixtures. Cells were exposed to eluates of industrial wastes and the cellular responses were compared with the metal contents of the samples and with standardized aquatic (microalgal growth inhibition, daphnia Immobilization, bacterial luminescence inhibition, Ceriodaphnia dubia reproduction inhibition) and terrestrial (earthworm lethality, plant growth inhibition) tests. The hsp70 promoter was significantly induced by 11 of 14 samples, with different dose-response patterns. Significant correlations of in vitro induction potency with aquatic ecotoxicity, especially with chronic tests, and with the metal contents of the samples were observed. Our study provides new information on the relevance of hsp70 gene induction as a criterion of toxicity and suggests its usefulness for the detection of toxicity associated with metallic pollution in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sélim Aït-Aïssa
- Ecotoxicological Risks Assessment Unit, INERIS, BP2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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Gehrmann M, Pfister K, Hutzler P, Gastpar R, Margulis B, Multhoff G. Effects of antineoplastic agents on cytoplasmic and membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels. Biol Chem 2002; 383:1715-25. [PMID: 12530536 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2002.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on the study of the effects of different antineoplastic agents, including cytarabine, 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide, the activated form of ifosfamide, vincristine, and paclitaxel, with regard to their capacity to modulate the amount of cytoplasmic and membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Hsp70 levels were measured in the myelogenous leukemic cell line K562, in the human colon carcinoma cell line CX2, and in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) under physiological conditions (37 degrees C), and following non-lethal heat shock at 41.8 degrees C. A concentration of 1 microM and an incubation period of 2 h were determined as non-lethal, since none of the different antineoplastic agents induced necrosis or apoptosis in untreated or heat-shocked cells under these conditions. Our results show that tubulin-interacting agents, including vincristine and paclitaxel, but not DNA-interacting agents, including cytarabine and ifosfamide, selectively increase the amount of cytoplasmic Hsp70 in tumor and normal cells, as measured by semi-quantitative Western blot analysis. Mechanistically, a vincristine- and paclitaxel-induced tubulin assembly, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy, might be responsible for the elevated cytoplasmic Hsp70 levels. Interestingly, an increased membrane expression of Hsp70 following treatment with vincristine or paclitaxel was selectively observed on tumor cells, but not on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gehrmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Urani C, Melchioretto P, Morazzoni F, Canevali C, Camatini M. Copper and zinc uptake and hsp70 expression in HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2001; 15:497-502. [PMID: 11566583 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(01)00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the accumulation in HepG2 cells of two essential metals with toxic potency and to analyse the induction of the heat shock protein 70 kDa (hsp70) consequent to metal exposure. Cu and Zn were the metals considered and were analysed both as single compounds and in combination in order to evidence synergic effects of the mixture. The use of HepG2 cells provided an in vitro system that retains morphological and metabolic properties and the expression of specific genes typical of liver parenchymal cells. Moreover, the hepatic cells represent a suitable model for their susceptibility to metal toxicity since liver, gastrointestinal tract and renal tubular cells are involved in the uptake, transport, detoxification and secretion of these compounds. The uptake of Cu and Zn followed a time-dependent accumulation when they were used separate. The combination of the two metals produced a higher accumulation of Zn. The stress protein hsp70 was expressed before the metals accumulated within the cells, as shown by the measures obtained with the ICP-AES technique. Moreover, the accumulation of hsp70 by a sublethal shock provided a protective mechanism against metal cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Urani
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, p.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Wysocka A, Krawczyk Z. Green fluorescent protein as a marker for monitoring activity of stress-inducible hsp70 rat gene promoter. Mol Cell Biochem 2000; 215:153-6. [PMID: 11204451 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026523305294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Murine melanoma cells B16(F10) were stably transfected with a plasmid containing GFP gene linked to rat stress-inducible hsp70.1 gene promoter. Transfected cells show in vitro variable basal levels of fluorescence depending on stress response induced at physiological temperature by growth conditions. Lack of manipulations except medium change resulted in reduction of cellular fluorescence. GFP expression in experimental murine tumors dropped to levels undetectable at physiological temperature. Heat shock induced significant fluorescence of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. GFP protein could be a useful marker for studies of mammalian hsp70i gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wysocka
- Department of Tumor Biology, Centre of Oncology-Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Gliwice, Poland
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Aït-Aïssa S, Porcher J, Arrigo A, Lambré C. Activation of the hsp70 promoter by environmental inorganic and organic chemicals: relationships with cytotoxicity and lipophilicity. Toxicology 2000; 145:147-57. [PMID: 10771139 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Stress proteins (heat shock proteins, HSPs) have been proposed as general markers of cellular aggression and their use for environmental monitoring is often suggested. The aim of this work was to study the potency of various environmentally relevant organic and inorganic chemicals to induce the expression of the HSP70 marker. For this purpose, we used an established HeLa cell line containing the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene under the control of the hsp70 promoter. The screening of three metallic and 15 organic chemicals revealed differences in their capacities to induce the hsp70 promoter. The three metals tested (cadmium, zinc and mercury) were able to induce a stress response. Some organochlorine compounds (chlorophenol derivatives, tetrachlorohydroquinone, 3, 4-dichloroaniline, ethyl parathion and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) induced a response, whereas other common halogenated pesticides or aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzo(a)pyrene, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, endosulfan, diuron, 4-nonylphenol) did not. The potency to induce hsp70 was significantly correlated to the octanol-water partition coefficient (log K(ow)) of the inducing chemicals, except for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and ethyl parathion. Cytotoxicity assays run in parallel to the induction measurements revealed that the three metals were effective at non cytotoxic doses whereas all organic compounds, except tetrachlorohydroquinone and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, induced the promoter at cytotoxic doses. These results suggest that hsp70 is induced by different mechanisms of toxicity. We propose that this model can be used in mechanistic studies for the detection of toxic effects of certain pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aït-Aïssa
- Unité d'Evaluation des Risques Ecotoxicologiques, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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