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Zhang JL, Han X, Shan YJ, Zhang LW, Du M, Liu M, Yi HX, Ma Y. Effect of bovine lactoferrin and human lactoferrin on the proliferative activity of the osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1827-1833. [PMID: 29290425 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a comparative in vitro study on the proliferative effects of natural human lactoferrin (nhLF) and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on osteoblasts. We investigated cell proliferation, cell survival, cell cycle, and mRNA and protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Results indicated that treatment with 100 μg/mL of bLF or nhLF promoted the proliferation and sustenance of osteoblasts, and increased the length of the G2/M and S phases compared with the untreated osteoblasts. Results of real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that mRNA and protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by osteoblasts treated with bLF or nhLF were greater than those of the untreated control. At the same concentration, bLF demonstrated a greater effect on osteoblast proliferation than did nhLF. This study provides insights of significance in the utlization of bLF in healthy food formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - X Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Y J Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - L W Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - M Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - M Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - H X Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Y Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Madhurantakam S, Jayanth Babu K, Balaguru Rayappan JB, Krishnan UM. Fabrication of mediator-free hybrid nano-interfaced electrochemical biosensor for monitoring cancer cell proliferation. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:832-841. [PMID: 27657845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, a chief energy source in cellular metabolism, has a significant role in cell proliferation. Cancer cells utilize more glucose than normal cells to meet the energy demand arising due to their uncontrolled proliferation. The present work reports the development of a nano-interfaced amperometric biosensor for rapid and accurate monitoring of glucose utilization by cancer cells. A hybrid nano-interface comprising a blend of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (GR) was employed to enhance the surface area of the working electrode and favour direct electron transfer. Glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on the interface serves as the sensing element due to its high selectivity and sensitivity towards glucose. Utilization of glucose was monitored at pre-determined time intervals in MiaPaCa-2 cancer cells. The results obtained from the amperometric technique were compared with the values obtained from a commercial glucometer. Alamar blue assay was performed to check the proliferation rate of the cells. A good correlation was obtained between the proliferation rate and glucose utilization. The designed biosensor was found to be unaffected by the presence of potential interferents and hence may serve as a novel in vitro tool to rapidly quantify the proliferation rates of cancer cells in response to different treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasya Madhurantakam
- Centre for Nano Technology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - K Jayanth Babu
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Centre for Nano Technology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India; School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nano Technology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India.
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Aktipis CA, Boddy AM, Jansen G, Hibner U, Hochberg ME, Maley CC, Wilkinson GS. Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in multicellularity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140219. [PMID: 26056363 PMCID: PMC4581024 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellularity is characterized by cooperation among cells for the development, maintenance and reproduction of the multicellular organism. Cancer can be viewed as cheating within this cooperative multicellular system. Complex multicellularity, and the cooperation underlying it, has evolved independently multiple times. We review the existing literature on cancer and cancer-like phenomena across life, not only focusing on complex multicellularity but also reviewing cancer-like phenomena across the tree of life more broadly. We find that cancer is characterized by a breakdown of the central features of cooperation that characterize multicellularity, including cheating in proliferation inhibition, cell death, division of labour, resource allocation and extracellular environment maintenance (which we term the five foundations of multicellularity). Cheating on division of labour, exhibited by a lack of differentiation and disorganized cell masses, has been observed in all forms of multicellularity. This suggests that deregulation of differentiation is a fundamental and universal aspect of carcinogenesis that may be underappreciated in cancer biology. Understanding cancer as a breakdown of multicellular cooperation provides novel insights into cancer hallmarks and suggests a set of assays and biomarkers that can be applied across species and characterize the fundamental requirements for generating a cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Athena Aktipis
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute for Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, UK Institute for Advanced Study, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA Institute for Advanced Study, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunther Jansen
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany Institute for Advanced Study, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Urszula Hibner
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Institute for Advanced Study, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael E Hochberg
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, CNRS UMR5554, Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA Institute for Advanced Study, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlo C Maley
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute for Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, UK Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 8724501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA Institute for Advanced Study, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerald S Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Institute for Advanced Study, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gunawan RC, Choban ER, Conour JE, Silvestre J, Schook LB, Gaskins HR, Leckband DE, Kenis PJA. Regiospecific control of protein expression in cells cultured on two-component counter gradients of extracellular matrix proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:3061-3068. [PMID: 15779985 DOI: 10.1021/la048303k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the use of microfluidic tools to generate covalently immobilized counter gradients of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins laminin and collagen I. Using these platforms, we demonstrate control of the expression levels of two proteins linked to cell cycle progression by virtue of the spatial location of cells on the gradients, and hence by the local ECM environments in these devices. In contrast to physisorbed gradients, covalently immobilized protein patterns preserved the gradient fidelity, making long term cell studies feasible. This method of precisely controlling local cell environments is simple and broadly portable to other cell types and to other ECM proteins or soluble factors. Our approach promises to enable new investigations in cell biology that will contribute to the establishment of biological design rules for controlling cell growth, differentiation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico C Gunawan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Qu J, Cheng T, Shi C, Lin Y, Ran X. A study on the activity of fibroblast cells in connection with tissue recovery in the wounds of skin injury after whole-body irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 45:341-344. [PMID: 15304979 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The 6 Gy of whole-body irradiation (WBI) with gamma rays results in an impairment of injured skin tissue recovery and renders a delay in the healing process. For an understanding of whether WBI has damaging effects on fibroblasts in wounds, fibroblasts in wounds combined with WBI and those of simple incision were isolated and cultivated, and abilities connected with tissue repair, including proliferation, attachment, adhesion, and apoptosis, were determined by direct cell count, immunohistochemical staining for proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and TUNEL assay. The results showed that the abilities of proliferation and the attachment and adhesion of fibroblasts from wounds combined with WBI significantly decreased in comparison with those having simple incisions on the 3rd and 5th days of posttrauma, whereas the apoptotic ratio of fibroblasts from wounds combined with WBI significantly increased. These data suggest that WBI may exert damaging effects on fibroblasts in wounds, which might be one of the dominant reasons for the impaired healing of wounds combined with WBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Qu
- Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Pfeiffer R, McShane L, Wargovich M, Burt R, Kikendall W, Lawson M, Lanza E, Schatzkin A. The effect of a low-fat, high fiber, fruit and vegetable intervention on rectal mucosal proliferation. Cancer 2003; 98:1161-8. [PMID: 12973839 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because studies of diet and colorectal carcinoma tend to be large and complex, researchers have long been interested in the investigation of dietary exposures in relation to putative intermediate markers of large bowel malignancy, such as colorectal epithelial cell proliferation. The basic hypothesis underlying these investigations is that specific dietary components may reduce or increase the rate of cell proliferation, which, in turn, may reduce or increase neoplastic changes in the large bowel. METHODS The authors assessed the effects of a 4-year, low-fat, high-fiber, fruit and vegetable-enriched dietary intervention on colorectal epithelial cell proliferation among 399 participants from the Polyp Prevention Trial, a randomized multicenter trial with adenoma recurrence as the primary endpoint. Rectal biopsies were taken from flat, normal appearing mucosa on patients at baseline, after 1 year, and after 4 years. Two assays, bromodeoxyuridine (Brd U) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), were used to evaluate two summary measures of proliferation: the labeling index (LI) and the proliferative height (PH). RESULTS There were no significant differences between changes in LI and PH over the 4-year period for the intervention and control groups. This finding parallels the finding in the larger primary study, in which the dietary intervention did not alter adenoma recurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS A low-fat, high-fiber, fruit and vegetable-enriched dietary intervention did not alter rectal mucosal cell proliferation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7244, USA.
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Conour JE, Ganessunker D, Tappenden KA, Donovan SM, Gaskins HR. Acidomucin goblet cell expansion induced by parenteral nutrition in the small intestine of piglets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 283:G1185-96. [PMID: 12381533 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00097.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) impairs small intestine development and is associated with barrier failure, inflammation, and acidomucin goblet cell expansion in neonatal piglets. We examined the relationship between intestinal goblet cell expansion and molecular and cellular indices of inflammation in neonatal piglets receiving TPN, 80% parenteral + 20% enteral nutrition (PEN), or 100% enteral nutrition (control) for 3 or 7 days. Epithelial permeability, T cell numbers, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA expression, and epithelial proliferation and apoptosis were compared with goblet cell numbers over time. Epithelial permeability was similar to control in the TPN and PEN jejunum at day 3 but increased in the TPN jejunum by day 7. By day 3, intestinal T cell numbers were increased in TPN but not in PEN piglets. However, goblet cell expansion was established by day 3 in both the TPN and PEN ileum. Neither TNF-alpha nor IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the TPN and PEN ileum correlated with goblet cell expansion. Thus goblet cell expansion occurred independently of overt inflammation but in association with parenteral feeding. These data support the hypothesis that goblet cell expansion represents an initial defense triggered by reduced epithelial renewal to prevent intestinal barrier failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Conour
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality from malignant disease. Case-control and cohort studies provide strong support for a role of diet in the aetiology of CRC. However to establish causal relationships and to identify more precisely the dietary components involved, intervention studies in human subjects are required. Cancer is an impractical endpoint in terms of numbers, cost, study duration and ethical considerations. Consequently, intermediate biomarkers of the disease are required. This review aims to provide an overview of the intermediate endpoints available for the study of CRC, particularly non-invasive faecal biomarkers. Examples of their use in dietary intervention studies are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I R Gill
- University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK.
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