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Dolan K, Su G, Zheng G, Ames M, Carpenter D, Hu LW. Experimental Measurement and Multiphysics Simulation of Tritium Transport in Neutron-Irradiated Flibe Salt. NUCL TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2022.2135933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Dolan
- Kairos Power LLC, 707 W Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501
| | - Guanyu Su
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Guiqiu Zheng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michael Ames
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - David Carpenter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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2
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Ferry SE, Woller KB, Peterson EE, Sorensen C, Whyte DG. The LIBRA Experiment: Investigating Robust Tritium Accountancy in Molten FLiBe Exposed to a D-T Fusion Neutron Spectrum. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2022.2078136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Ferry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kevin B. Woller
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ethan E. Peterson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Caroline Sorensen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Dennis G. Whyte
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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3
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Dolan K, Huang S, Hackett M, Hu LW. Modeling Tritium Retention in Graphite for Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors. NUCL TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2020.1829428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Dolan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven Huang
- Kairos Power LLC, 707 West Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501
| | - Micah Hackett
- Kairos Power LLC, 707 West Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Baral K, San S, Sakidja R, Couet A, Sridharan K, Ching WY. Temperature-Dependent Properties of Molten Li 2BeF 4 Salt Using Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19822-19835. [PMID: 34368569 PMCID: PMC8340400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molten lithium tetrafluoroberyllate (Li2BeF4) salt, also known as FLiBe, with a 2:1 mixture of LiF and BeF2 is being proposed as a coolant and solvent in advanced nuclear reactor designs, such as the molten salt reactor or the fluoride salt cooled high-temperature reactor. We present the results on the structure and properties of FLiBe over a wide range of temperatures, 0-2000 K, from high-throughput ab initio molecular dynamics simulation using a supercell model of 504 atoms. The variations in the local structures of solid and liquid FLiBe with temperature are discussed in terms of a pair distribution function, coordination number, and bond angle distribution. The temperature-dependent electronic structure and optical and mechanical properties of FLiBe are calculated. The optical and mechanical property results are reported for the first time. The results above and below the melting temperature (∼732 K) are compared with the experimental data and with data for crystalline FLiBe. The electronic structure and interatomic bonding results are discussed in correlation with the mechanical strength. A novel concept of total bond order density (TBOD), an important quantum mechanical parameter, is used to characterize the internal cohesion and strength in the simulated models. The results show a variation in the rate of change in properties in solid and liquid phases with anomalous behavior across the melting region. The observed trend is the decrease in mechanical strength, band gap, and TBOD in a nonlinear fashion as a function of temperature. The refractive index shows a surprising minimum at 850 K, among the tested temperatures, which lies above the melting point. These findings provide a new platform to understand the interplay between the temperature-dependent structures and properties of FLiBe salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khagendra Baral
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499, United States
| | - Saro San
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499, United States
| | - Ridwan Sakidja
- Department
of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65897, United States
| | - Adrien Couet
- Department
of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kumar Sridharan
- Department
of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wai-Yim Ching
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499, United States
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Dolan K, Zheng G, Sun K, Carpenter D, Hu LW. Tritium generation, release, and retention from in-core fluoride salt irradiations. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2020.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Wang C, Qin H, Tian W, Qiu S, Su G. Transient analysis of tritium transport characteristics of thorium molten salt reactor with solid fuel. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2020.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Dolan K, Zheng G, Carpenter D, Huang S, Hu LW. Tritium Content and Chemical Form in Nuclear Graphite from Molten Fluoride Salt Irradiations. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2020.1712993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Dolan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, NW12-311, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Guiqiu Zheng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, NW12-311, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - David Carpenter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, NW12-311, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven Huang
- Kairos Power LLC, 707 W. Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, NW12-311, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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8
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Transient analysis of tritium transport characteristics in fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2019.103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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A coupled heat transfer and tritium mass transport model for a double-wall heat exchanger design for FHRs. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kumagai K, Tanaka T, Yagi J, Watanabe T, Sato F, Tamaki S, Murata I, Sagara A. Tritium release from molten salt FLiNaK under low flux neutron irradiation with an AmBe neutron source. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Fukada S, Nishikawa M, Sagara A, Terai T. Mass-Transport Properties to Estimate Rates of Tritium Recovery from Flibe Blanket. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst02-a22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukada
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. 81-92-642-4140,
| | - Masabumi Nishikawa
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. 81-92-642-3783,
| | - Akio Sagara
- Research Operations Division, National Institute for Fusion Science Shitaishi-cho 322-6, Toki, 509-5292, Japan. 81-572-58-2155,
| | - Takayuki Terai
- Department of Quantum Engineering & Systems Science, University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. 81-3-5841-7010,
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Carpenter D, Ames M, Zheng G, Kohse G, Hu LW. Tritium Production and Partitioning from the Irradiation of Lithium-Beryllium Fluoride Salt. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1291040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Carpenter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Ames
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Guiqiu Zheng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon Kohse
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lin-wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Forsberg CW, Lam S, Carpenter DM, Whyte DG, Scarlat R, Contescu C, Wei L, Stempien J, Blandford E. Tritium Control and Capture in Salt-Cooled Fission and Fusion Reactors: Status, Challenges, and Path Forward. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt16-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Forsberg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Stephen Lam
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - David M. Carpenter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Dennis G. Whyte
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | | | - Liu Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Jiading, Shanghai, China 201800
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Stempien JD, Ballinger RG, Forsberg CW. An integrated model of tritium transport and corrosion in Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors (FHRs) – Part I: Theory and benchmarking. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Yagi J, Suzuki A, Terai T. Tritium Monitoring for Liquid Lithium by Permeation Through Iron Window. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juro Yagi
- Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1188, Japan
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1188, Japan
| | - Takayuki Terai
- The Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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17
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Chemical behavior of Li2BeF4 molten salt as a liquid tritium breeder. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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