1
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Okabe R, Xue S, Vavrek JR, Yu J, Pavlovsky R, Negut V, Quiter BJ, Cates JW, Liu T, Forget B, Jegelka S, Kohse G, Hu LW, Li M. Tetris-inspired detector with neural network for radiation mapping. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3061. [PMID: 38594238 PMCID: PMC11004156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation mapping has attracted widespread research attention and increased public concerns on environmental monitoring. Regarding materials and their configurations, radiation detectors have been developed to identify the position and strength of the radioactive sources. However, due to the complex mechanisms of radiation-matter interaction and data limitation, high-performance and low-cost radiation mapping is still challenging. Here, we present a radiation mapping framework using Tetris-inspired detector pixels. Applying inter-pixel padding for enhancing contrast between pixels and neural networks trained with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation data, a detector with as few as four pixels can achieve high-resolution directional prediction. A moving detector with Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) further achieved radiation position localization. Field testing with a simple detector has verified the capability of the MAP method for source localization. Our framework offers an avenue for high-quality radiation mapping with simple detector configurations and is anticipated to be deployed for real-world radiation detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Okabe
- Quantum Measurement Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Shangjie Xue
- Quantum Measurement Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jayson R Vavrek
- Applied Nuclear Physics Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jiankai Yu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ryan Pavlovsky
- Applied Nuclear Physics Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Victor Negut
- Applied Nuclear Physics Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brian J Quiter
- Applied Nuclear Physics Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joshua W Cates
- Applied Nuclear Physics Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Quantum Measurement Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Benoit Forget
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stefanie Jegelka
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gordon Kohse
- Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Mingda Li
- Quantum Measurement Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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2
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Dolan K, Su G, Zheng G, Ames M, Carpenter D, Hu LW. Experimental Measurement and Multiphysics Simulation of Tritium Transport in Neutron-Irradiated Flibe Salt. NUCL TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2022.2135933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Dolan
- Kairos Power LLC, 707 W Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501
| | - Guanyu Su
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Guiqiu Zheng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michael Ames
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - David Carpenter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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3
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Hu LW, Li GP, Zhang S, Wang XF. [Application of specific staining in the diagnosis of secretory meningioma]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 51:350-353. [PMID: 35359049 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210914-00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L W Hu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - G P Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - X F Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
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Dolan K, Huang S, Hackett M, Hu LW. Modeling Tritium Retention in Graphite for Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors. NUCL TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2020.1829428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Dolan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven Huang
- Kairos Power LLC, 707 West Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501
| | - Micah Hackett
- Kairos Power LLC, 707 West Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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5
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Dolan K, Zheng G, Carpenter D, Huang S, Hu LW. Tritium Content and Chemical Form in Nuclear Graphite from Molten Fluoride Salt Irradiations. Fusion Science and Technology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2020.1712993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Dolan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, NW12-311, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Guiqiu Zheng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, NW12-311, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - David Carpenter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, NW12-311, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven Huang
- Kairos Power LLC, 707 W. Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street, NW12-311, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Sun K, Carpenter D, Ames M, Dave AJ, Hu LW. Miniature Sensor Irradiation Tests Under Steady-State and Transient Conditions at MIT Research Reactor (MITR) and Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT). NUCL TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2019.1679564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - David Carpenter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Michael Ames
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Akshay J. Dave
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
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7
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Zaghloul MAS, Wang M, Huang S, Hnatovsky C, Grobnic D, Mihailov S, Li MJ, Carpenter D, Hu LW, Daw J, Laffont G, Nehr S, Chen KP. Radiation resistant fiber Bragg grating in random air-line fibers for sensing applications in nuclear reactor cores. Opt Express 2018; 26:11775-11786. [PMID: 29716096 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.011775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the testing results of radiation resistant fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in random air-line (RAL) fibers in comparison with FBGs in other radiation-hardened fibers. FBGs in RAL fibers were fabricated by 80 fs ultrafast laser pulse using a phase mask approach. The fiber Bragg gratings tests were carried out in the core region of a 6 MW MIT research reactor (MITR) at a steady temperature above 600°C and an average fast neutron (>1 MeV) flux >1.2 × 1014 n/cm2/s. Fifty five-day tests of FBG sensors showed less than 5 dB reduction in FBG peak strength after over 1 × 1020 n/cm2 of accumulated fast neutron dose. The radiation-induced compaction of FBG sensors produced less than 5.5 nm FBG wavelength shift toward shorter wavelength. To test temporal responses of FBG sensors, a number of reactor anomaly events were artificially created to abruptly change reactor power, temperature, and neutron flux over short periods of time. The thermal sensitivity and temporal responses of FBGs were determined at different accumulated doses of neutron flux. Results presented in this paper reveal that temperature-stable Type-II FBGs fabricated in radiation-hardened fibers can survive harsh in-pile conditions. Despite large parameter drift induced by strong nuclear radiation, further engineering and innovation on both optical fibers and fiber devices could lead to useful fiber sensors for various in-pile measurements to improve safety and efficiency of existing and next generation nuclear reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Wang
- National Tsing-Hua University, Department of Nuclear Engineering 101, Sect. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- National Tsing-Hua University, Department of Nuclear Engineering 101, Sect. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043
| | - Chin Pan
- National Tsing-Hua University, Department of Nuclear Engineering 101, Sect. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Bernard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4296
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4296
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10
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Buongiorno J, Hu LW, Kim SJ, Hannink R, Truong B, Forrest E. Nanofluids for Enhanced Economics and Safety of Nuclear Reactors: An Evaluation of the Potential Features, Issues, and Research Gaps. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt08-a3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Buongiorno
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Sung Joong Kim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ryan Hannink
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Bao Truong
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Eric Forrest
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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11
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Newton TH, Riley KJ, Binns PJ, Kohse GE, Hu LW, Harling OK. Startup of the Fission Converter Epithermal Neutron Irradiation Facility at the MIT Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt02-a3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Newton
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kent J. Riley
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter J. Binns
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Gordon E. Kohse
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Otto K. Harling
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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12
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Hu LW, Bernard JA, Hejzlar P, Kohse G. Development of a Fissile Materials Irradiation Capability for Advanced Fuel Testing at the MIT Research Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt05-a3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - John A. Bernard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Pavel Hejzlar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Gordon Kohse
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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13
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Wang C, Sun K, Hu LW, Qiu S, Su GH. Thermal-Hydraulic Analyses of Transportable Fluoride Salt–Cooled High-Temperature Reactor with CFD Modeling. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt15-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Kaichao Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 20139
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 20139
| | - Suizheng Qiu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - G. H. Su
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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14
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Xiao Y, Hu LW, Forsberg C, Qiu S, Su G, Chen K, Wang N. Analysis of the Limiting Safety System Settings of a Fluoride Salt–Cooled High-Temperature Test Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt13-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Charles Forsberg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Suizheng Qiu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Guanghui Su
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Naxiu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joong Kim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Hanyang University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 17 Haengdang-dong Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, 138 Albany Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Floyd Dunn
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Sun K, Hu LW, Forsberg C. Neutronic Design Features of a Transportable Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4032873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR) is a new reactor concept, which combines low-pressure liquid salt coolant and high-temperature tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particle fuel. The refractory TRISO particle coating system and the dispersion in graphite matrix enhance safeguards (nuclear proliferation resistance) and security. Compared to the conventional high-temperature reactor (HTR) cooled by helium gas, the liquid salt system features significantly lower pressure, larger volumetric heat capacity, and higher thermal conductivity. The salt coolant enables coupling to a nuclear air-Brayton combined cycle (NACC) that provides base-load and peak-power capabilities. Added peak power is produced using jet fuel or locally produced hydrogen. The FHR is, therefore, considered as an ideal candidate for the transportable reactor concept to provide power to remote sites. In this context, a 20-MW (thermal power) compact core aiming at an 18-month once-through fuel cycle is currently under design at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). One of the key challenges of the core design is to minimize the reactivity swing induced by fuel depletion, since excessive reactivity will increase the complexity in control rod design and also result in criticality risk during the transportation process. In this study, burnable poison particles (BPPs) made of B4C with natural boron (i.e., 20% B10 content) are adopted as the key measure for fuel cycle optimization. It was found that the overall inventory and the individual size of BPPs are the two most important parameters that determine the evolution path of the multiplication factor over time. The packing fraction (PF) in the fuel compact and the height of active zone are of secondary importance. The neutronic effect of Li6 depletion was also quantified. The 18-month once-through fuel cycle is optimized, and the depletion reactivity swing is reduced to 1 beta. The reactivity control system, which consists of six control rods and 12 safety rods, has been implemented in the proposed FHR core configuration. It fully satisfies the design goal of limiting the maximum reactivity worth for single control rod ejection within 0.8 beta and ensuring shutdown margin with the most valuable safety rod fully withdrawn. The core power distribution including the control rod’s effect is also demonstrated in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Charles Forsberg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Forrest EC, Don SM, Hu LW, Buongiorno J, McKrell TJ. Effect of Surface Oxidation on the Onset of Nucleate Boiling in a Materials Test Reactor Coolant Channel. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4031503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) serves as the thermal-hydraulic operating limit for many research and test reactors. However, boiling incipience under forced convection has not been well-characterized in narrow channel geometries or for oxidized surface conditions. This study presents experimental data for the ONB in vertical upflow of deionized (DI) water in a simulated materials test reactor (MTR) coolant channel. The channel gap thickness and aspect ratio were 1.96 mm and 29∶1, respectively. Boiling surface conditions were carefully controlled and characterized, with both heavily oxidized and native oxide surfaces tested. Measurements were performed for mass fluxes ranging from 750 to 3000 kg/m2 s and for subcoolings ranging from 10 to 45°C. ONB was identified using a combination of high-speed visual observation, surface temperature measurements, and channel pressure drop measurements. Surface temperature measurements were found to be most reliable in identifying the ONB. For the nominal (native oxide) surface, results indicate that the correlation of Bergles and Rohsenow, when paired with the appropriate single-phase heat transfer correlation, adequately predicts the ONB heat flux. Incipience on the oxidized surface occurred at a higher heat flux and superheat than on the plain surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Forrest
- Primary Standards Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185 e-mail:
| | - Sarah M. Don
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Mem. ASME Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:
| | - Jacopo Buongiorno
- Mem. ASME Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:
| | - Thomas J. McKrell
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:
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Cheng WC, Sun K, Hu LW, Chieng CC. Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis for Asymmetric Power Generation in a Prismatic Fuel Block of Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Test Reactor. ASME J of Nuclear Rad Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Cheng
- Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kaichao Sun
- Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139e-mail:
| | - Ching-Chang Chieng
- Professor Emeritus National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Visiting Professor Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Xiao Y, Hu LW, Qiu S, Zhang D, Guanghui S, Tian W. Development of a Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis Code and Transient Analysis for a Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Test Reactor. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR) is an advanced reactor concept that uses high-temperature tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel with a low-pressure liquid salt coolant. Design of the fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature test reactor (FHTR) is a key step in the development of the FHR technology and is currently in progress both in China and the United States. An FHTR based on pebble-bed core design with a coolant temperature of 600–700°C is being planned for construction by the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ (CAS) Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR) Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP). This paper provides preliminary thermal-hydraulic transient analyses of an FHTR using SINAP’s pebble-bed core design as a reference case. A point kinetic model is implemented using computer code by coupling with a simplified porous medium heat transfer model in the core. The founded models and developed code are applied to analyze the safety characteristics of the FHTR by simulating several transient conditions including the unprotected loss of flow, unprotected overcooling, and unprotected transient overpower accidents. The results show that SINAP’s pebble-bed core is a very safe reactor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:
| | - Lin-Wen Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:
| | - Suizheng Qiu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China e-mail:
| | - Dalin Zhang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China e-mail:
| | - Su Guanghui
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China e-mail:
| | - Wenxi Tian
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China e-mail:
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Scarlat RO, Laufer MR, Blandford ED, Zweibaum N, Krumwiede DL, Cisneros AT, Andreades C, Forsberg CW, Greenspan E, Hu LW, Peterson PF. Design and licensing strategies for the fluoride-salt-cooled, high-temperature reactor (FHR) technology. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Prabhat N, Buongiorno J, Hu LW. Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement in Nanofluids: Real Anomaly or Analysis Artifact? J Nanofluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2012.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hu LW, Gong HZ, Jun Yu D, Gao Q, Gao N, Wang M, Yan Y, Wang Y, Yu J, Liu Y. Diurnal variations in solar ultraviolet radiation on horizontal and vertical plane. Iran J Public Health 2010; 39:70-81. [PMID: 23113025 PMCID: PMC3481625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, measurements of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation are related to horizontal surfaces. While the humans walking and standing outdoors expose to the natural solar UV radiation, their eyes, cheeks, extremities, trunks, or many other anatomical sites are close to vertical plane and random orient to different directions. In this study, we characterized the diurnal variations in solar UV on horizontal and vertical plane which may be helpful to obtain more relevant information on UV exposure of humans. METHODS The UV exposure on vertical and horizontal plane were measured using Solar-UV Sensors in Shenyang (41°51″N, 123°27″E) and Sanya (18°19'N, 109°42'E), PR China. RESULTS As the well known, the diurnal variations in solar UV on horizontal plane in a sunny day exhibited unimodal distributions, reached a single UV peak exposure at around solar noon. However, the diurnal variations on vertical plane presented bimodal distributions, with two peaks in summer in Shenyang and Sanya, and a unimodal distribution in winter in Shenyang. In spring and autumn in Shenyang, the UV exposure around noon were slightly flat with no significant peaks but relative high. When the Solar Elevation Angle (SEA) is about 40°, the vertical plane may potentially receiving maximal unweighted total solar UV radiation exposures. CONCLUSION The results potentially showed that the protection of some vertical and near-vertical anatomical sites of human body from high UV exposure should not only focused on the periods of before and after noon especially in high SEA places.
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Affiliation(s)
- LW Hu
- Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - HZ Gong
- Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - D Jun Yu
- Dept. of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Q Gao
- Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - N Gao
- Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - M Wang
- Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Y Yan
- Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Y Wang
- Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Lens of Liaoning High School, Affiliated Forth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Y Liu
- Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China,Corresponding author: Fax: 086 24 23264417, E-mail:
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Eapen J, Williams WC, Buongiorno J, Hu LW, Yip S, Rusconi R, Piazza R. Mean-field versus microconvection effects in nanofluid thermal conduction. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:095901. [PMID: 17931019 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.095901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transient hot-wire data on thermal conductivity of suspensions of silica and perfluorinated particles show agreement with the mean-field theory of Maxwell but not with the recently postulated microconvection mechanism. The influence of interfacial thermal resistance, convective effects at microscales, and the possibility of thermal conductivity enhancements beyond the Maxwell limit are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Eapen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Hu LW, Benvenuti LA, Liberti EA, Carneiro-Ramos MS, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy: influence of adrenergic nervous system versus renin-angiotensin system on myocyte remodeling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 285:R1473-80. [PMID: 12933361 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00269.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the possible involvement of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in thyroxine (T4)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Hemodynamic parameters, heart weight (HW), ratio of HW to body weight (HW/BW), and myocyte width were evaluated in absence of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) and after T4 administration. Male Wistar rats were used. Some were subjected to thyroidectomies, whereas hyperthyroidism was induced in others via daily intraperitoneal injection of T4 (25 or 100 microg x 100 g BW(-1) x day(-1)) for 7 days. In some cases, T4 administration was combined with the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (Ena), with the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker losartan (Los) or with the beta-adrenergic blocker propanolol (Prop). Hemodynamics and morphology were then evaluated. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was not altered by administration of either T4 alone or T4 in combination with the specific inhibitors. However, SBP decreased significantly in hypothyroid rats. An increased heart rate was seen after administration of either T4 alone or T4 in combination with either Los or Ena. Although the higher dose of T4 significantly increased HW, HW/BW increased in both T4-treated groups. Ena and Prop inhibited the increase in HW or HW/BW in hyperthyroid rats. Morphologically, both T4 dose levels significantly increased myocyte width, an occurrence prevented by RAS or SNS blockers. There was a good correlation between changes in HW/BW and myocyte width. These results indicate that T4-induced cardiac hypertrophy is associated with both the SNS and the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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