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Jiménez-Fernández S, Gurpegui M, Garrote-Rojas D, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Carretero MD, Correll CU. Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidants in adults with unipolar or bipolar depression versus healthy controls: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:211-221. [PMID: 35868596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study differences in oxidative stress markers and antioxidants among patients with bipolar depression (BPD) and unipolar depression (UPD). METHODS Data sources. Electronic MEDLINE/PubMed/Cochrane Library/Scopus/TripDatabase database search until 30/06/2021. STUDY SELECTION Included were articles comparing antioxidant or oxidative stress markers between adults with BPD or UPD and healthy controls (HCs). DATA EXTRACTION Two authors extracted data independently. Random effects meta-analysis, calculating standardized mean differences for results from ≥3 studies. RESULTS Oxidative stress markers reported in 40 studies -1 published repeatedly- (UPD, studies = 30 n = 3072; their HCs, n = 2856; BPD, studies = 11 n = 393; their HCs, n = 540; with 1 study reporting on both UPD and BPD) included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), antioxidant uric acid and antioxidant-enhancing enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPX). Compared with HCs, UPD and BPD were associated with significantly higher levels of TBARS, without differences between UPD and BPD (P = 0.11). Compared with HCs, UPD and BPD did not differ regarding the activity of the CAT (P = 0.28), SOD (P = 0.87) and GPX (P = 0.25) enzymes. However, uric acid levels were significantly higher vs HCs in BPD than in UPD among adult patients (P = 0.004). Results were heterogenous, which, for some parameters, decreased after stratification by the blood source (serum, plasma red blood cells, whole blood). LIMITATIONS The main limitations are the small number of studies/participants in the BPD subgroup, and heterogeneity of the results. SUMMATIONS Both BPD and UPD may be associated with an impaired oxidative stress balance, with significantly higher uric acid levels vs. HCs in UPD than in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Jaén University Hospital, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Manuel Gurpegui
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Psychiatry Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - María D Carretero
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ma C, Li X, Chen J, Li Z, Guan J, Li Y, Yin S, Shi Y. Association Analysis Between Common Variants of the TRPM1 Gene and Three Mental Disorders in the Han Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:649-657. [PMID: 33001715 PMCID: PMC7585623 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our study was designed to determine if the TRPM1 gene is associated with any of three mental disorders. The project included a cross disorder meta-analysis and association analysis including 141701 cases and 175248 controls. Materials and Methods: We genotyped eight tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1248 unrelated schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, 1056 major depressive disorder patients, 1344 bipolar disorder patients, and 1248 normal controls. We then performed a meta-analysis of 10 GWASs to identify common genetic factors among these three mental disorders. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis of six GWASs to explore the role of rs10162727 in SCZ. Result: Although two haplotypes of the TRPM1 gene, rs1035706-rs10162727 and rs10162727-rs3784599, were identified in the control group, as well as all three disease groups, none of the eight tag SNP associations remained significant after correction for multiple tests. In this cross-disorder meta-analysis of the three diseases, none of the tag SNPs were confirmed to be common among the diseases. In addition, in the meta-analysis conducted for the rs10162727 locus in SCZ, there was no significant association (p-value = 0.84, odds ratio = 1.02 [95% CI = 0.87-1.19]). Conclusion: In the Han Chinese population, no significant evidence was found linking variants of the TRPM1 gene with any of the mental disorders examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Ma
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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3
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Jones HJ, Heron J, Hammerton G, Stochl J, Jones PB, Cannon M, Smith GD, Holmans P, Lewis G, Linden DEJ, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Walters J, Zammit S. Investigating the genetic architecture of general and specific psychopathology in adolescence. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:145. [PMID: 30089819 PMCID: PMC6082910 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst associations between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia and various phenotypic outcomes have been reported, an understanding of developmental pathways can only be gained by modelling comorbidity across psychopathology. We examine how genetic risk for schizophrenia relates to adolescent psychosis-related and internalizing psychopathology using a latent modelling approach, and compare this to genetic risk for other psychiatric disorders, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the developmental pathways at this age. PRSs for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, neuroticism and bipolar disorder were generated for individuals in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationships of these PRSs with psychopathology factors modelled within (i) a correlated factors structure and (ii) a bifactor structure. The schizophrenia PRS was associated with an increase in factors describing psychotic experiences, negative dimension, depression and anxiety, but, when modelling a general psychopathology factor based on these measures, specific effects above this persisted only for the negative dimension. Similar factor relationships were observed for the neuroticism PRS, with a (weak) specific effect only for anxiety once modelling general psychopathology. Psychopathology during adolescence can be described by a general psychopathology construct that captures common variance as well as by specific constructs capturing remaining non-shared variance. Schizophrenia risk genetic variants identified through genome-wide association studies mainly index negative rather than positive symptom psychopathology during adolescence. This has potentially important implications both for research and risk prediction in high-risk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jan Stochl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Wang L, Chen J, Li Z, Sun W, Chen B, Li S, Li W, Lu D, Wang Y, Shi Y. Association study of NDST3 gene for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:3-9. [PMID: 29140583 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The NDST3 gene at 4q26 was a functional candidate gene for mental disorders. Recently, a novel genome-wide significant risk locus at chromosome 4q26 was identified and the top single nucleotide polymorphism rs11098403 in the vicinity of NDST3 gene was reported to confer risk of schizophrenia in Caucasian. Nevertheless, association between NDST3 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorders has not been well studied in the Han Chinese population. To further investigate whether NDST3 is a risk gene for these mental disorders, we genotyped and analyzed eight tag SNPs (rs11098403, rs10857057, rs2389521, rs4833564, rs6837896, rs7689157, rs3817274, rs609512) covering NDST3 gene in 1,248 schizophrenia cases, 1,056 major depression cases, 1,344 bipolar disorder cases, and 1,248 controls of Chinese origin. However, there was no significant difference in allelic or genotypic frequency observed between each case group and healthy controls. Accordingly, our study does not support that the NDST3 gene plays a major role in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Sining Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,ULink College of Shanghai, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dajiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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5
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Stratifying empiric risk of schizophrenia among first degree relatives using multiple predictors in two independent Indian samples. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 24:79-84. [PMID: 27931915 PMCID: PMC5454026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) has an estimated heritability of 64-88%, with the higher values based on twin studies. Conventionally, family history of psychosis is the best individual-level predictor of risk, but reliable risk estimates are unavailable for Indian populations. Genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors are equally important and should be considered when predicting risk in 'at risk' individuals. OBJECTIVE To estimate risk based on an Indian schizophrenia participant's family history combined with selected demographic factors. METHODS To incorporate variables in addition to family history, and to stratify risk, we constructed a regression equation that included demographic variables in addition to family history. The equation was tested in two independent Indian samples: (i) an initial sample of SZ participants (N=128) with one sibling or offspring; (ii) a second, independent sample consisting of multiply affected families (N=138 families, with two or more sibs/offspring affected with SZ). RESULTS The overall estimated risk was 4.31±0.27 (mean±standard deviation). There were 19 (14.8%) individuals in the high risk group, 75 (58.6%) in the moderate risk and 34 (26.6%) in the above average risk (in Sample A). In the validation sample, risks were distributed as: high (45%), moderate (38%) and above average (17%). Consistent risk estimates were obtained from both samples using the regression equation. CONCLUSIONS Familial risk can be combined with demographic factors to estimate risk for SZ in India. If replicated, the proposed stratification of risk may be easier and more realistic for family members.
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Wen Z, Chen J, Khan RAW, Song Z, Wang M, Li Z, Shen J, Li W, Shi Y. Genetic association between NRG1 and schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder in Han Chinese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:468-78. [PMID: 26888291 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder are three major psychiatric disorders affecting around 0.66%, 3.3%, and 1.5% of the Han Chinese population respectively. Several genetic linkage analyses and genome wide association studies identified NRG1 as a susceptibility gene of schizophrenia, which was validated by its role in neurodevelopment, glutamate, and other neurotransmitter receptor expression regulation. To further investigate whether NRG1 is a shared risk gene for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder as well as schizophrenia, we performed an association study among 1,248 schizophrenia cases, 1,056 major depression cases, 1,344 bipolar disorder cases, and 1,248 controls. Totally 15 tag SNPs were genotyped and analyzed, and no population stratification was found in our sample set. Among the sites, rs4236710 (corrected Pgenotye = 0.015) and rs4512342 (Pallele = 0.03, Pgenotye = 0.045 after correction) were associated with schizophrenia, and rs2919375 (corrected Pgenotye = 0.004) was associated with major depressive disorder. The haplotype rs4512342-rs6982890 showed association with schizophrenia (P = 0.03 for haplotype "TC" after correction), and haplotype rs4531002-rs11989919 proved to be a shared risk factor for both major depressive disorder ("CC": corrected P = 0.009) and bipolar disorder ("CT": corrected P = 0.003). Our results confirmed that NRG1 was a shared common susceptibility gene for major mental disorders in Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujia Wen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Raja Amjad Waheed Khan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Yang SY, Huh IS, Baek JH, Cho EY, Choi MJ, Ryu S, Kim JS, Park T, Ha K, Hong KS. Association between ST8SIA2 and the Risk of Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder across Diagnostic Boundaries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139413. [PMID: 26418860 PMCID: PMC4587961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Findings from family studies and recent genome-wide association studies have indicated overlap in the risk genes between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). After finding a linkage between the ST8SIA2 (ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2, 8-sicalyltransferase 2 gene) locus (15q26) and mixed families with schizophrenia and BD, several studies have reported a significant association between this gene and schizophrenia or BD. We investigated the genetic association between ST8SIA2 and both schizophrenia and BD in the Korean population. Methods A total of 582 patients with schizophrenia, 339 patients with BD, and 502 healthy controls were included. Thirty-one tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the ST8SIA2 region and three other SNPs showing significant associations in previous studies were genotyped. The associations were evaluated by logistic regression analysis using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. Results Fourteen of 34 SNPs showed a nominally significant association (p < 0.05) with at least one diagnostic group. These association trends were strongest for the schizophrenia and combined schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder (BD-I) groups. The strongest association was observed in rs11637898 for schizophrenia (p = 0.0033) and BD-I (p = 0.0050) under the dominant model. The association between rs11637898 and the combined schizophrenia and BD-I group (p = 0.0006, under the dominant model) remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. Discussion We identified a possible role of ST8SIA2 in the common susceptibility of schizophrenia and BD-I. However, no association trend was observed for bipolar II disorder. Further efforts are needed to identify a specific phenotype associated with this gene crossing the current diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yung Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ik Soo Huh
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Cho
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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8
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Okewole AO, Adewuya AO, Makanjuola ROA, Owoeye OA. Morbidity profile of first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia: a comparison with mood disorder and healthy control. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:389-95. [PMID: 25056238 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a paucity of data on heritability of psychotic disorders in Africa. The study aimed to investigate morbid risk of schizophrenia and mood disorder among first-degree relatives of schizophrenia probands, compared with mood disorder and healthy controls. METHODS The study examined 330 first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia (n = 50), 350 first-degree relatives of probands with mood disorder (n = 50) and 387 first-degree relatives of healthy control (n = 50). The Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, SCAN was used to ascertain diagnosis in ill subjects. To each subject, a socio-demographic questionnaire was administered. Family history was obtained using the Family History Schedule. Morbid risk estimates were calculated using the Weinberg shorter method. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the mean age of relatives of schizophrenia probands compared to mood disorder (p = 0.01, 95 % CI 1.34-9.61) and healthy control (p < 0.01, 95 % CI 1.53-9.84). There were also significant differences between the number of children of schizophrenia probands and the number of children of normal control (p < 0.01, 95 % CI -2.0 to -3.9), as well as the number of deceased first-degree relatives of schizophrenia probands compared to normal control (p = 0.04, 95 % CI 0.01-0.94). Finally, there was a significant difference between the number of first-degree relatives of schizophrenia probands compared to the number of first-degree relatives of healthy control who were below the age of risk for schizophrenia (p = 0.01, 95 % CI -0.12 to -1.27). Morbid risks of 4.38 and 0.39 were obtained for schizophrenia among first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia and mood disorder, while first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia, mood disorder and healthy control had morbid risks for mood disorder of 0.42, 3.82 and 0.35, respectively. CONCLUSION The study revealed excess mortality among first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. First-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia and mood disorder also had higher morbid risks for these psychotic conditions than healthy control with some measure of overlap between the two diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniran O Okewole
- Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria,
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9
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Mancuso SG, Morgan VA, Mitchell PB, Berk M, Young A, Castle DJ. A comparison of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder: Results from the Second Australian national psychosis survey. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:30-7. [PMID: 25451392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It remains uncertain whether schizoaffective disorder (SAD) is a discrete diagnostic entity, is a variant of either a psychotic mood disorder such as bipolar disorder (BDP) or schizophrenia (SCZ), or exists on a spectral continuum between these disorders. The present study examined whether SCZ, SAD, and BDP differed qualitatively on demographic and clinical variables based on a large Australian dataset. METHODS This study examined data from the Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP), in which 1469 of the 1825 participants in who had an ICD-10 diagnosis of SCZ (n=857), SAD (n=293), and BDP (n=319) were assessed across a broad range of variables. RESULTS When compared to patients with SCZ, those with SAD reported more current delusional and thought disorder symptoms, a greater number of lifetime depression, mania, and positive symptoms, and fewer negative symptoms. Relative to the BPD group, the SAD group were younger, endorsed more current positive, delusional, and thought disorder symptoms, fewer lifetime mania symptoms, more lifetime psychotic, hallucination, and delusional symptoms, and recorded lower premorbid IQ scores. Compared to patients with BPD, those with SCZ were significantly younger, endorsed more current psychotic and hallucination symptoms, fewer lifetime depression and mania symptoms, more lifetime psychotic, hallucination, and delusional symptoms, reported more negative symptoms and had lower premorbid IQ and psychosocial functioning scores. LIMITATIONS Validated psychometric measures of psychotic or mood symptoms were not used. CONCLUSION This pattern of results is consistent with the conceptualisation of a spectrum of disorders, ranging from BDP at one end, to SAD in the middle, and SCZ at the other end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafino G Mancuso
- St Vincent׳s Mental Health, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- St Vincent׳s Mental Health, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Allan Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King׳s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Castle
- St Vincent׳s Mental Health, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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10
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Thaler NS, Sutton GP, Allen DN. Social cognition and functional capacity in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:309-14. [PMID: 25200189 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Social cognition is a functionally relevant predictor of capacity in schizophrenia (SZ), though research concerning its value for bipolar disorder (BD) is limited. The current investigation examined the relationship between two social cognitive factors and functional capacity in bipolar disorder. This study included 48 individuals with bipolar disorder (24 with psychotic features) and 30 patients with schizophrenia. Multiple regression controlling for estimated IQ scores was used to assess the predictive value of social cognitive factors on the UCSD Performance-Based Functional Skills Assessment (UPSA). Results found that for the bipolar with psychosis and schizophrenia groups, the social/emotion processing factor predicted the UPSA. The theory of mind factor only predicted the UPSA for the schizophrenia group.. Findings support the clinical utility of evaluating emotion processing in individuals with a history of psychosis. For BD, theory of mind may be better explained by a generalized cognitive deficit. In contrast, social/emotion processing may be linked to distinct neurobiological processes associated with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Thaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Griffin P Sutton
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Daniel N Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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11
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Kohen R, Dobra A, Tracy JH, Haugen E. Transcriptome profiling of human hippocampus dentate gyrus granule cells in mental illness. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e366. [PMID: 24594777 PMCID: PMC3966046 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first application of whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to cells isolated from postmortem human brain by laser capture microdissection. We investigated the transcriptome of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells in postmortem human hippocampus in 79 subjects with mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression) and nonpsychiatric controls. We show that the choice of normalization approach for analysis of RNA-seq data had a strong effect on results; under our experimental conditions a nonstandard normalization method gave superior results. We found evidence of disrupted signaling by miR-182 in mental illness. This was confirmed using a novel method of leveraging microRNA genetic variant information to indicate active targeting. In healthy subjects and those with bipolar disorder, carriers of a high- vs those with a low-expressing genotype of miR-182 had different levels of miR-182 target gene expression, indicating an active role of miR-182 in shaping the DG transcriptome for those subject groups. By contrast, comparing the transcriptome between carriers of different genotypes among subjects with major depression and schizophrenia suggested a loss of DG miR-182 signaling in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA. E-mail:
| | - A Dobra
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Center for Statistics and The Social Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J H Tracy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Haugen
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Thaler NS, Allen DN, Sutton GP, Vertinski M, Ringdahl EN. Differential impairment of social cognition factors in bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features and schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:2004-10. [PMID: 24112946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
While it is well-established that patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder exhibit deficits in social cognition, few studies have separately examined bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features. The current study addressed this gap by comparing patients with bipolar disorder with (BD+) and without (BD-) psychotic features, patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and healthy controls (NC) across social cognitive measures. Principal factor analysis on five social cognition tasks extracted a two-factor structure comprised of social/emotional processing and theory of mind. Factor scores were compared among the four groups. Results identified differential patterns of impairment between the BD+ and BD- group on the social/emotional processing factor while all clinical groups performed poorer than controls on the theory of mind factor. This provides evidence that a history of psychosis should be taken into account while evaluating social cognition in patients with bipolar disorder and also raises hypotheses about the relationship between social cognition and psychosis.
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13
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Chang SH, Gao L, Li Z, Zhang WN, Du Y, Wang J. BDgene: a genetic database for bipolar disorder and its overlap with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:727-33. [PMID: 23764453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric disorder with complex genetic architecture. It shares overlapping genetic influences with schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Large numbers of genetic studies of BD and cross-disorder studies between BD and SZ/MDD have accumulated numerous genetic data. There is a growing need to integrate the data to provide a comprehensive data set to facilitate the genetic study of BD and its highly relevant diseases. METHODS BDgene database was developed to integrate BD-related genetic factors and shared ones with SZ/MDD from profound literature reading. On the basis of data from the literature, in-depth analyses were performed for further understanding of the data, including gene prioritization, pathway-based analysis, intersection analysis of multidisease candidate genes, and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS BDgene includes multiple types of literature-reported genetic factors of BD with both positive and negative results, including 797 genes, 3119 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and 789 regions. Shared genetic factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, genes, and regions from published cross-disorder studies among BD and SZ/MDD were also presented. In-depth data analyses identified 43 BD core genes; 70 BD candidate pathways; and 127, 79, and 107 new potential cross-disorder genes for BD-SZ, BD-MDD, and BD-SZ-MDD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As a central genetic database for BD and the first cross-disorder database for BD and SZ/MDD, BDgene provides not only a comprehensive review of current genetic research but also high-confidence candidate genes and pathways for understanding of BD mechanism and shared etiology among its relevant diseases. BDgene is freely available at http://bdgene.psych.ac.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hua Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Narayan AJ, Allen TA, Cullen KR, Klimes-Dougan B. Disturbances in reality testing as markers of risk in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: a systematic review from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:723-40. [PMID: 24034419 PMCID: PMC3943590 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This comprehensive review examined the prevalence and progression of disturbances in reality testing (DRT), defined as psychotic symptoms, cognitive disruptions, and thought problems, in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (O-BD). Our approach was grounded in a developmental psychopathology perspective and considered a broader phenotype of risk within the bipolar-schizophrenia spectrum as measured by categorical and dimensional assessments of DRT in high-risk youth. METHODS Relevant studies were identified from numerous sources (e.g., PubMed, reference sections, and colleagues). Inclusion criteria were: (i) family risk studies published between 1975 and 2012 in which O-BD were contrasted with a comparison group (e.g., offspring of parents who had other psychiatric disorders or were healthy) on DRT outcomes and (ii) results reported for categorical or dimensional assessments of DRT (e.g., schizophrenia, psychotic symptoms, cluster A personality traits, or thought problems), yielding a total of 23 studies. RESULTS Three key findings emerged: (i) categorical approaches of DRT in O-BD produced low incidence base rates and almost no evidence of significant differences in DRT between O-BD and comparison groups, whereas (ii) many studies using dimensional assessments of DRT yielded significant group differences in DRT. Furthermore, (iii) preliminary evidence from dimensional measures suggested that the developmental progression of DRT in O-BD might represent a prodrome of severe psychological impairment. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary but promising evidence suggests that DRT is a probable marker of risk for future impairment in O-BD. Methodological strengths and weaknesses, the psychometric properties of primary DRT constructs, and future directions for developmental and longitudinal research with O-BD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Narayan
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy A Allen
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bonnie Klimes-Dougan
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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O’Reilly R, Torrey EF, Rao J, Singh S. Monozygotic twins with early-onset schizophrenia and late-onset bipolar disorder: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2013; 7:134. [PMID: 23714054 PMCID: PMC3665565 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-7-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are generally considered to be distinct illnesses. One piece of evidence supporting their distinctness is the rarity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder occurring in monozygotic co‒twins. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a well-characterized pair of African American, female, monozygotic twins assessed at 53 years of age.Case 1: Twin A developed psychotic symptoms at age 23. She was hospitalized and diagnosed with schizophrenia. Twin A was subsequently hospitalized several more times and was consistently diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia. At the time of assessment, Twin A was single, lived with her parents and attended a day program. Case 2: In contrast, Twin B worked in a professional career, married and raised a family. She remained well until age 48 when she developed a depressive disorder requiring medication treatment. Four years later, Twin B abruptly developed grandiose delusions and mood-congruent auditory hallucinations. She was hospitalized and diagnosed with a manic episode. Since then Twin B has remained symptom-free on the mood stabilizer sodium valproate. CONCLUSION Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder can occur in identical co-twins. We speculate on what it tells us about the meaning of discordance and the putative role of de novo mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O’Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph’s Regional Mental Health Care, 850 Highbury Avenue North, London, ON, N6A 4H1, Canada
| | - E Fuller Torrey
- The Stanley Medical Research Institute, 8401 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 2000, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Jay Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph’s Regional Mental Health Care, 850 Highbury Avenue North, London, ON, N6A 4H1, Canada
| | - Shiva Singh
- Department of Biology, Biological and Geological Sciences Building, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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16
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Dean AM, Goodby E, Ooi C, Nathan PJ, Lennox BR, Scoriels L, Shabbir S, Suckling J, Jones PB, Bullmore ET, Barnes A. Speed of facial affect intensity recognition as an endophenotype of first-episode psychosis and associated limbic-cortical grey matter systems. Psychol Med 2013; 43:591-602. [PMID: 22703698 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are highly heritable such that the unaffected relatives of patients may manifest characteristics, or endophenotypes, that are more closely related to risk genes than the overt clinical condition. Facial affect processing is dependent on a distributed cortico-limbic network that is disrupted in psychosis. This study assessed facial affect processing and related brain structure as a candidate endophenotype of first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD Three samples comprising 30 FEP patients, 30 of their first-degree relatives and 31 unrelated healthy controls underwent assessment of facial affect processing and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data. Multivariate analysis (partial least squares, PLS) was used to identify a grey matter (GM) system in which anatomical variation was associated with variation in facial affect processing speed. RESULTS The groups did not differ in their accuracy of facial affect intensity rating but differed significantly in speed of response, with controls responding faster than relatives, who responded faster than patients. Within the control group, variation in speed of affect processing was significantly associated with variation of GM density in amygdala, lateral temporal cortex, frontal cortex and cerebellum. However, this association between cortico-limbic GM density and speed of facial affect processing was absent in patients and their relatives. CONCLUSIONS Speed of facial affect processing presents as a candidate endophenotype of FEP. The normal association between speed of facial affect processing and cortico-limbic GM variation was disrupted in FEP patients and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Dean
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Donohoe G, Duignan A, Hargreaves A, Morris DW, Rose E, Robertson D, Cummings E, Moore S, Gill M, Corvin A. Social cognition in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia: comparability in mental state decoding deficits. Bipolar Disord 2012; 14:743-8. [PMID: 23020773 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropsychological studies comparing patients with bipolar disorder (BD) to patients with schizophrenia (SZ) suggest milder cognitive deficits in BD patients and across a smaller range of functions. The present study investigated whether this pattern is also true for social cognition - a range of socially relevant abilities, including emotion perception and recognition, theory of mind, and social attributions - by comparing performance on measures of social cognition in patients with BD, SZ, and healthy participants. METHODS One hundred and two patients with BD, 208 patients with SZ, and 132 healthy participants were assessed using a battery of tasks measuring basic neuropsychological and social cognition. RESULTS We observed significant differences between patients with BD and healthy participants in a test of mental state decoding ('eyes task') that was at a level comparable to deficits seen in patients with SZ. By comparison, BD patients showed more subtle deficits in mental state reasoning ('hinting task') than those shown by patients with SZ. CONCLUSIONS Mental state decoding difficulties are significant in BD. An important direction for further research will be to establish to what extent these deficits affect social and occupational functioning as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Hagemeyer N, Goebbels S, Papiol S, Kästner A, Hofer S, Begemann M, Gerwig UC, Boretius S, Wieser GL, Ronnenberg A, Gurvich A, Heckers SH, Frahm J, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. A myelin gene causative of a catatonia-depression syndrome upon aging. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:528-39. [PMID: 22473874 PMCID: PMC3443947 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses have been linked to white matter abnormalities, documented by postmortem studies. However, cause and effect have remained difficult to distinguish. CNP (2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase) is among the oligodendrocyte/myelin-associated genes most robustly reduced on mRNA and protein level in brains of schizophrenic, bipolar or major depressive patients. This suggests that CNP reduction might be critical for a more general disease process and not restricted to a single diagnostic category. We show here that reduced expression of CNP is the primary cause of a distinct behavioural phenotype, seen only upon aging as an additional 'pro-inflammatory hit'. This phenotype is strikingly similar in Cnp heterozygous mice and patients with mental disease carrying the AA genotype at CNP SNP rs2070106. The characteristic features in both species with their partial CNP 'loss-of-function' genotype are best described as 'catatonia-depression' syndrome. As a consequence of perturbed CNP expression, mice show secondary low-grade inflammation/neurodegeneration. Analogously, in man, diffusion tensor imaging points to axonal loss in the frontal corpus callosum. To conclude, subtle white matter abnormalities inducing neurodegenerative changes can cause/amplify psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hagemeyer
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Kästner
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hofer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Gerwig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany
| | - Georg L Wieser
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Ronnenberg
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Artem Gurvich
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jens Frahm
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
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Kebir O, Krebs MO. Diethylstilbestrol and risk of psychiatric disorders: a critical review and new insights. World J Biol Psychiatry 2012; 13:84-95. [PMID: 21428730 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.560280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored whether in utero DES exposure has produced consistent findings with regard to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. METHODS We reviewed systematically the epidemiological studies investigating a possible association between prenatal DES exposure and risk of psychiatric disorders. RESULTS We identified 10 relevant studies reporting the psychiatric outcome of offspring with a history of in utero DES exposure compared to a control group. We classified them into four categories: (1) a mail survey in a sample from a randomized double-blind controlled trial of prophylactic DES for first pregnancy in the early 1950s reported that depression and anxiety were twice as frequent in the exposed group compared to the placebo group; (2) five small clinical samples with inconclusive results; (3) two large cohorts of DES-exposed participants: the first study reported a higher lifetime history of weight loss related to anorexia nervosa whereas the second did not found any significant difference; (4) two subsamples from general population cohorts: the first study did not found any significant difference whereas the second reported that exposed women showed a higher rate of incident depression than non-exposed women. CONCLUSIONS The role of prenatal exposure to DES as an environmental risk factor for psychiatric disorders requires more evidence before any conclusions can be drawn. If confirmed, several explanations could be proposed: gene × environment interaction and epigenetic mechanisms, although phenocopy and gene-environment aggregation are plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Kebir
- INSERM, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Diseases, U894 Centre of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
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20
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Lewandowski KE, Cohen BM, Keshavan MS, Öngür D. Relationship of neurocognitive deficits to diagnosis and symptoms across affective and non-affective psychoses. Schizophr Res 2011; 133:212-7. [PMID: 21996265 PMCID: PMC3225688 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurocognitive dysfunction is believed to be a core feature of schizophrenia and is increasingly recognized as a common symptom dimension in bipolar disorder. Despite a copious literature on neurocognition in these disorders, the relationship amongst neurocognition, symptoms, and diagnosis remains unclear. We examined neurocognitive functioning in a cross-diagnostic sample of patients with psychotic disorders. Based on previous findings, it was hypothesized that neurocognitive functioning would be impaired in all three patient groups, and that groups would be similarly impaired on all neuropsychological measures. Additionally, we predicted that negative symptoms but not positive, general, or mood symptoms, would be associated with neurocognitive functioning. METHOD Neurocognitive functioning and symptoms were assessed in participants with schizophrenia (n=25), schizoaffective disorder (n=29), or bipolar disorder with psychosis (n=31), and in healthy controls (n=20). RESULTS Neurocognitive functioning was significantly impaired in all patient groups, and groups did not differ by diagnosis on most measures. A series of linear regressions revealed that negative symptoms (but no other clinical symptom) predicted poorer executive functioning across groups. Diagnosis was not a significant predictor of any neurocognitive variable. DISCUSSION Neurocognitive deficits were pronounced in this cross-diagnostic sample of patients with psychotic disorders, and did not differ by diagnosis. Neurocognitive dysfunction may represent a symptom dimension that spans diagnostic categories, and may reflect shared pathogenic processes. As neurocognitive dysfunction is among the strongest predictors of outcome in patients, efforts to treat these deficits, which have shown promise in schizophrenia, should be extended to all patients with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Lewandowski
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA, 02478 USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Landmark Ctr., 401 Park Dr., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA, 02478 USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Landmark Ctr., 401 Park Dr., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Landmark Ctr., 401 Park Dr., Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA, 02478 USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Landmark Ctr., 401 Park Dr., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Otte DM, Sommersberg B, Kudin A, Guerrero C, Albayram Ö, Filiou MD, Frisch P, Yilmaz Ö, Drews E, Turck CW, Bilkei-Gorzó A, Kunz WS, Beck H, Zimmer A. N-acetyl cysteine treatment rescues cognitive deficits induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in G72/G30 transgenic mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:2233-43. [PMID: 21716263 PMCID: PMC3176560 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have implicated the evolutionary novel, anthropoid primate-specific gene locus G72/G30 in psychiatric diseases. This gene encodes the protein LG72 that has been discussed to function as a putative activator of the peroxisomal enzyme D-amino-acid-oxidase (DAO) and as a mitochondrial protein. We recently generated 'humanized' bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice (G72Tg) expressing G72 transcripts in cells throughout the brain. These mice exhibit several behavioral phenotypes related to psychiatric diseases. Here we show that G72Tg mice have a reduced activity of mitochondrial complex I, with a concomitantly increased production of reactive oxygen species. Affected neurons display deficits in short-term plasticity and an impaired capability to sustain synaptic activity. These deficits lead to an impairment in spatial memory, which can be rescued by pharmacological treatment with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl cysteine. Our results implicate LG72-induced mitochondrial and synaptic defects as a possible pathomechanism of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David-Marian Otte
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alexei Kudin
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Catalina Guerrero
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Önder Albayram
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Pamela Frisch
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Öznur Yilmaz
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Drews
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz Beck
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany, Tel: +49 228 688 5303, Fax: +49 228 688 5301, E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
Genotype-phenotype correlations of common monogenic diseases revealed that the degree of deviation of mutant genes from wild-type structure and function often predicts disease onset and severity. In complex disorders such as schizophrenia, the overall genetic risk is still often >50% but genotype-phenotype relationships are unclear. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) replicated a risk for several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regarding the endpoint diagnosis of schizophrenia. The biological relevance of these SNPs, however, for phenotypes or severity of schizophrenia has remained obscure. We hypothesized that the GWAS 'top-10' should as single markers, but even more so upon their accumulation, display associations with lead features of schizophrenia, namely positive and negative symptoms, cognitive deficits and neurological signs (including catatonia), and/or with age of onset of the disease prodrome as developmental readout and predictor of disease severity. For testing this hypothesis, we took an approach complementary to GWAS, and performed a phenotype-based genetic association study (PGAS). We utilized the to our knowledge worldwide largest phenotypical database of schizophrenic patients (n>1000), the GRAS (Göttingen Research Association for Schizophrenia) Data Collection. We found that the 'top-10' GWAS-identified risk SNPs neither as single markers nor when explored in the sense of a cumulative genetic risk, have any predictive value for disease onset or severity in the schizophrenic patients, as demonstrated across all core symptoms. We conclude that GWAS does not extract disease genes of general significance in schizophrenia, but may yield, on a hypothesis-free basis, candidate genes relevant for defining disease subgroups.
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Gejman PV, Sanders AR, Kendler KS. Genetics of Schizophrenia: New Findings and Challenges. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2011; 12:121-44. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-082410-101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V. Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, and University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois 60201;
| | - Alan R. Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, and University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois 60201;
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298;
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Abstract
We report the first genome-wide association study in 1000 bipolar I patients and 1000 controls, with a replication of the top hits in another 409 cases and 1000 controls in the Han Chinese population. Four regions with most strongly associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, of which three were not found in previous GWA studies in the Caucasian populations. Among them, SNPs close to specificity protein 8 (SP8) and ST8 α-N-acetyl- neuraminide α-2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8SIA2) are associated with Bipolar I, with P-values of 4.87 × 10(-7) (rs2709736) and 6.05 × 10(-6) (rs8040009), respectively. We have also identified SNPs in potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 gene (KCTD12) (rs2073831, P=9.74 × 10(-6)) and in CACNB2 (Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, β-2 subunit) gene (rs11013860, P=5.15 × 10(-5)), One SNP nearby the rs1938526 SNP of ANK3 gene and another SNP nearby the SNP rs11720452 in chromosome 3 reported in previous GWA studies also showed suggestive association in this study (P=6.55 × 10(-5) and P=1.48 × 10(-5), respectively). This may suggest that there are common and population-specific susceptibility genes for bipolar I disorder.
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Lewandowski KE, Cohen BM, Ongur D. Evolution of neuropsychological dysfunction during the course of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2011; 41:225-241. [PMID: 20836900 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291710001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar (BD) and related disorders represents a core feature of these illnesses, possibly a marker of underlying pathophysiology. Substantial overlap in domains of neuropsychological deficits has been reported among these disorders after illness onset. However, it is unclear whether deficits follow the same longitudinal pre- and post-morbid course across diagnoses. We examine evidence for neurocognitive dysfunction as a core feature of all idiopathic psychotic illnesses, and trace its evolution from pre-morbid and prodromal states through the emergence of overt psychosis and into chronic illness in patients with SZ, BD and related disorders. METHOD Articles reporting on neuropsychological functioning in patients with SZ, BD and related disorders before and after illness onset were reviewed. Given the vast literature on these topics and the present focus on cross-diagnostic comparisons, priority was given to primary data papers that assessed cross-diagnostic samples and recent meta-analyses. RESULTS Patients with SZ exhibit dysfunction preceding the onset of illness, which becomes more pronounced in the prodrome and early years following diagnosis, then settles into a stable pattern. Patients with BD generally exhibit typical cognitive development pre-morbidly, but demonstrate deficits by first episode that are amplified with worsening symptoms and exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS Neuropsychological deficits represent a core feature of SZ and BD; however, their onset and progression differ between diagnostic groups. A lifetime perspective on the evolution of neurocognitive deficits in SZ and BD reveals distinct patterns, and may provide a useful guide to the examination of the pathophysiological processes underpinning these functions across disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Lewandowski
- McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02478, USA.
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26
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Huang J, Perlis RH, Lee PH, Rush AJ, Fava M, Sachs GS, Lieberman J, Hamilton SP, Sullivan P, Sklar P, Purcell S, Smoller JW. Cross-disorder genomewide analysis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167:1254-63. [PMID: 20713499 PMCID: PMC3880556 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Family and twin studies indicate substantial overlap of genetic influences on psychotic and mood disorders. Linkage and candidate gene studies have also suggested overlap across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to apply genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis to address the specificity of genetic effects on these disorders. METHOD The authors combined GWAS data from three large effectiveness studies of schizophrenia (CATIE, genotyped: N=741), bipolar disorder (STEP-BD, geno-typed: N=1,575), and major depressive disorder (STAR*D, genotyped: N=1,938) as well as from psychiatrically screened control subjects (NIMH-Genetics Repository: N=1,204). A two-stage analytic procedure involving an omnibus test of allele frequency differences among case and control groups was applied, followed by a model selection step to identify the best-fitting model of allelic effects across disorders. RESULTS The strongest result was seen for a single nucleotide polymorphism near the adrenomedullin (ADM) gene (rs6484218), with the best-fitting model indicating that the effect was specific to bipolar II disorder. Findings also revealed evidence suggesting that several genes may have effects that transcend clinical diagnostic boundaries, including variants in NPAS3 that showed pleiotropic effects across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first genomewide significant evidence implicating variants near the ADM gene on chromosome 11p15 in psychopathology, with effects that appear to be specific to bipolar II disorder. Although genomewide significant evidence of cross-disorder effects was not detected, the results provide evidence that there are both pleiotropic and disorder-specific effects on major mental illness and illustrate an approach to dissecting the genetic basis of mood and psychotic disorders that can inform future large-scale cross-disorder GWAS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gary S. Sachs
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Steven P. Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Shaun Purcell
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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27
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Continuity and cascade in offspring of bipolar parents: A longitudinal study of externalizing, internalizing, and thought problems. Dev Psychopathol 2010; 22:849-66. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579410000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThere is growing evidence that many offspring of bipolar parents will develop moderate to severe forms of psychopathology during childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to apply growth curve models to evaluate developmental progression with regard to continuity and cascades representative within the context of a family risk study of bipolar disorder (BD). Repeated assessments of externalizing, internalizing, and thought problems, spanning more than a decade, were examined in a total of 94 offspring of parents with BD (O-BD), major depressive disorder (O-UNI), or no significant psychiatric or medical problems (O-WELL). Continuity was defined by the growth curve of the O-WELL group who exhibited low levels of problems from early childhood through late adolescence. Discontinuity, as evidenced by greater complexity of growth curves relative to the O-WELL group, was exhibited in the at- risk offspring groups for internalizing problems. Different patterns of developmental cascades were supported for the at-risk group with O-UNI showing a robust cascade from self-regulatory deficits (externalizing problems) to internalizing problems. There was also support for a cascade from self-regulatory deficits to thought problems across the entire group (with some support that this pattern was accounted for primarily by O-BD). This study not only serves to advance our understanding of the risks associated with a family history of BD, but also provides a novel approach to examining developmental cascades.
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28
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Jäger M, Haack S, Becker T, Frasch K. Schizoaffective disorder--an ongoing challenge for psychiatric nosology. Eur Psychiatry 2010; 26:159-65. [PMID: 20646917 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizoaffective disorder is a common diagnosis in mental health services. The present article aims to provide an overview of diagnostic reliability, symptomatology, outcome, neurobiology and treatment of schizoaffective disorder. METHOD Literature was identified by searches in "Medline" and "Cochrane Library". RESULTS The diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder has a low reliability. There are marked differences between the current diagnostic systems. With respect to psychopathological symptoms, no clear boundaries were found between schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and affective disorders. Common neurobiological factors were found across the traditional diagnostic categories. Schizoaffective disorder according to ICD-10 criteria, but not to DSM-IV criteria, shows a more favorable outcome than schizophrenia. With regard to treatment, only a small and heterogeneous database exists. CONCLUSION Due to the low reliability and questionable validity there is a substantial need for revision and unification of the current diagnostic concepts of schizoaffective disorder. If future diagnostic systems return to Kraepelin's dichotomous classification of non-organic psychosis or adopt a dimensional diagnostic approach, schizoaffective disorder will disappear from the psychiatric nomenclature. A nosological model with multiple diagnostic entities, however, would be compatible with retaining the diagnostic category of schizoaffective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, BKH Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Strasse 2, Günzburg, Germany.
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29
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Nieratschker V, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M. New Genetic Findings in Schizophrenia: Is there Still Room for the Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia? Front Behav Neurosci 2010; 4:23. [PMID: 20485477 PMCID: PMC2871716 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder, but the identification of specific genes has proven to be a difficult endeavor. Genes involved in the dopaminergic system are considered to be major candidates since the “dopamine hypothesis” of impairment in dopaminergic neurotransmission is one of the most widely accepted hypotheses of the etiology of schizophrenia. The overall findings from candidate studies do provide some support for the “dopamine hypothesis.” However, results from the first systematic genome-wide association (GWA) studies have implicated variants within ZNF804A, NRGN, TCF4, and variants in the MHC region on chromosome 6p22.1. Although these genes may not immediately impact on dopaminergic neurotransmission, it remains possible that downstream impairments in dopaminergic function are caused. Furthermore, only a very small fraction of all truly associated genetic variants have been detected and many more associated variants will be identified in the future by GWA studies and alternative approaches. The results of these studies may allow a more comprehensive re-evaluation of the dopamine hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nieratschker
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Germany
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30
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Ivleva EI, Morris DW, Moates AF, Suppes T, Thaker GK, Tamminga CA. Genetics and intermediate phenotypes of the schizophrenia--bipolar disorder boundary. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34:897-921. [PMID: 19954751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Categorization of psychotic illnesses into schizophrenic and affective psychoses remains an ongoing controversy. Although Kraepelinian subtyping of psychosis was historically beneficial, modern genetic and neurophysiological studies do not support dichotomous conceptualization of psychosis. Evidence suggests that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder rather present a clinical continuum with partially overlapping symptom dimensions, neurophysiology, genetics and treatment responses. Recent large scale genetic studies have produced inconsistent findings and exposed an urgent need for re-thinking phenomenology-based approach in psychiatric research. Epidemiological, linkage and molecular genetic studies, as well as studies in intermediate phenotypes (neurocognitive, neurophysiological and anatomical imaging) in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are reviewed in order to support a dimensional conceptualization of psychosis. Overlapping and unique genetic and intermediate phenotypic signatures of the two psychoses are comprehensively recapitulated. Alternative strategies which may be implicated into genetic research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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31
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Duan J, Sanders AR, Gejman PV. Genome-wide approaches to schizophrenia. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:93-102. [PMID: 20433910 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a common and severe psychiatric disorder with both environmental and genetic risk factors, and a high heritability. After over 20 years of molecular genetics research, new molecular strategies, primarily genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have generated major tangible progress. This new data provides evidence for: (1) a number of chromosomal regions with common polymorphisms showing genome-wide association with SZ (the major histocompatibility complex, MHC, region at 6p22-p21; 18q21.2; and 2q32.1). The associated alleles present small odds ratios (the odds of a risk variant being present in cases vs. controls) and suggest causative involvement of gene regulatory mechanisms in SZ. (2) Polygenic inheritance. (3) Involvement of rare (<1%) and large (>100kb) copy number variants (CNVs). (4) A genetic overlap of SZ with autism and with bipolar disorder (BP) challenging the classical clinical classifications. Most new SZ findings (chromosomal regions and genes) have generated new biological leads. These new findings, however, still need to be translated into a better understanding of the underlying biology and into causal mechanisms. Furthermore, a considerable amount of heritability still remains unexplained (missing heritability). Deep resequencing for rare variants and system biology approaches (e.g., integrating DNA sequence and functional data) are expected to further improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of SZ and its underlying biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northshore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex genetic disorder manifesting combined environmental and genetic causation. Recently, genome-wide association experiments yielded remarkable new experimental evidence that is leading to a better understanding of the genetic models and the biological risk factors involved in schizophrenia. These studies have discovered uncommon copy number variations (mainly deletions) and common single nucleotide polymorphisms with alleles associated with schizophrenia. The aggregate data provide support for polygenic inheritance and for genetic overlap of schizophrenia with autism and with bipolar disorder. It is anticipated that the application of a myriad of tools from systems biology, in combination with biological functional experiments, will lead to a delineation of biological pathways involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and eventually to new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Gejman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; and Research Institute, Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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33
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Barnett JH, Smoller JW. The genetics of bipolar disorder. Neuroscience 2009; 164:331-43. [PMID: 19358880 PMCID: PMC3637882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by impairing episodes of mania and depression. Twin studies have established that bipolar disorder is among the most heritable of medical disorders and efforts to identify specific susceptibility genes have intensified over the past two decades. The search for genes influencing bipolar disorder has been complicated by a paucity of animal models, limited understanding of pathogenesis, and the genetic and phenotypic complexity of the syndrome. Linkage studies have implicated several chromosomal regions as harboring relevant genes, but results have been inconsistent. It is now widely accepted that the genetic liability to bipolar disorder reflects the action of many genes of individually small effect, a scenario for which linkage studies are poorly suited. Thus, association studies, which are more powerful for the detection of modest effect loci, have become the focus of gene-finding research. A large number of candidate genes, including biological candidates derived from hypotheses about the pathogenesis of the disorder and positional candidates derived from linkage and cytogenetic studies, have been evaluated. Several of these genes have been associated with the disorder in independent studies (including BDNF, DAOA, DISC1, GRIK4, SLC6A4, and TPH2), but none has been established. The clinical heterogeneity of bipolar disorder and its phenotypic and genetic overlap with other disorders (especially schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and major depressive disorder) have raised questions about the optimal phenotype definition for genetic studies. Nevertheless, genomewide association analysis, which has successfully identified susceptibility genes for a variety of complex disorders, has begun to implicate specific genes for bipolar disorder (DGKH, CACNA1C, ANK3). The polygenicity of the disorder means that very large samples will be needed to detect the modest effect loci that likely contribute to bipolar disorder. Detailed genetic dissection of the disorder may provide novel targets (both pharmacologic and psychosocial) for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Barnett
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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34
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Ozyildirim I, Cakir S, Yazici O. Impact of psychotic features on morbidity and course of illness in patients with bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2009; 25:47-51. [PMID: 19926262 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 07/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical features and response patterns to the long-term prophylaxis of bipolar patients with or without psychotic features. METHOD The life charts of patients with bipolar I disorder were evaluated. Two hundred and eighty-one patients who suffer with bipolar disorder for at least 4 years and who had at least three mood episodes were included to the study. The patients whose all episodes are psychotic (psychotic group) and the patients who never experienced psychotic episode (non-psychotic group) were assigned as comparison groups. The clinical features and the response to long-term prophylaxis were compared across the groups. RESULTS The psychotic group consists of 43 patients; non-psychotic group consists of 54 patients. The history of bipolar disorder among the first-degree relatives was remarkably more prevalent in non-psychotic group (p=0.032). The predominance of manic/hypomanic episodes was significantly higher in psychotic group than non-psychotic group; and the rate of depressive episodes were higher in non-psychotic group than psychotic group (p=0.013). Episodes were more severe (p<0.001) and hospitalization rates were higher (p=0.023) in psychotic group. The response to lithium monotherapy was better in non-psychotic group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The well identified psychotic subtype of bipolar patients may give important predictions about long term course and prophylaxis of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ozyildirim
- Department of Psychiatry, Unye State Hospital, 52300 Ordu, Turkey.
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35
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Kucukali CI, Aydin M, Ozkok E, Bilge E, Orhan N, Zengin A, Kara I. Do schizophrenia and bipolar disorders share a common disease susceptibility variant at the MMP3 gene? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:557-61. [PMID: 19245826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of partial etiological overlap between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar I disorder (BD-I) from linkage analysis, genetic epidemiology and molecular genetics studies. SZ and BD-I are neurodevelopmental disorders with genetic and environmental etiologies. Recent studies have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) is a key event in associative memory formation, learning and synaptic plasticity, which are important in psychiatric disorders. In the light of these findings, we analyzed the genetic variations in the MMP3-1171 5A/6A in patients with SZ, patients with BD-I and healthy controls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association of variation in gene encoding MMP3 with SZ. Our study group consisted of 111 unrelated patients with SZ, 141 unrelated patients with BD-I, and 121 unrelated healthy controls. The frequencies of 6A6A genotype and 6A allele distributions of MMP3 in patients with SZ were significantly decreased when compared with controls. In contrast, in patients with SZ, the distributions of 5A5A genotype and 5A allele of MMP3 gene were significantly increased as compared with healthy controls. When the frequencies of genotypes or alleles in schizophrenic patients and bipolar patients were compared, 6A6A genotype and 6A allele in patients with BD-I were significantly higher than patients with SZ. In contrast, 5A5A genotype and 5A allele distributions of MMP3 gene were significantly frequent in patients with SZ. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the allele or genotype distribution in patients with BD-I compared with controls. In conclusion, our data have supported the hypothesis that there is a possible relationship between -1171 5A/6A polymorphism of MMP3 gene and SZ. A larger sample group is needed to confirm the potential role of this gene in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ismail Kucukali
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Erenkoy Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Smith MJ, Barch DM, Csernansky JG. Bridging the gap between schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders: Relating neurocognitive deficits to psychopathology. Schizophr Res 2009; 107:69-75. [PMID: 18786811 PMCID: PMC2647814 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurobiological relationship between schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders is not well understood. Neurocognitive deficits have been described in both types of disorders and have been proposed to reflect underlying neurobiological dysfunction. Examining the relationship between neurocognitive function and psychopathology could help illuminate the neurobiological relationship between schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders. METHODS Participants included 72 individuals with DSM-IV schizophrenia, 25 individuals with schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder with psychotic features, and 72 community controls. Standardized scores and correlations between four domains of neurocognition and psychopathology were examined. RESULTS Individuals with schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders scored similarly on several dimensions of neurocognitive function and psychopathology. The relationships between neurocognitive function and psychopathology were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders were similar in terms of both the level of impairment in neurocognitive function and psychopathology, as well as in the relationship between the two dimensions of illness. These results suggest that schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders such as schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder with psychotic features are on a neurobiological continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Soronen P, Silander K, Antila M, Palo OM, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Kieseppä T, Ellonen P, Wedenoja J, Turunen JA, Pietiläinen OP, Hennah W, Lönnqvist J, Peltonen L, Partonen T, Paunio T. Association of a nonsynonymous variant of DAOA with visuospatial ability in a bipolar family sample. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64:438-42. [PMID: 18466879 PMCID: PMC2685493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are hypothesized to share some genetic background. METHODS In a two-phase study, we evaluated the effect of five promising candidate genes for psychotic disorders, DAOA, COMT, DTNBP1, NRG1, and AKT1, on bipolar spectrum disorder, psychotic disorder, and related cognitive endophenotypes in a Finnish family-based sample ascertained for bipolar disorder. RESULTS In initial screening of 362 individuals from 63 families, we found only marginal evidence for association with the diagnosis-based dichotomous classification. Those associations did not strengthen when we genotyped the complete sample of 723 individuals from 180 families. We observed a significant association of DAOA variants rs3916966 and rs2391191 with visuospatial ability (Quantitative Transmission Disequilibrium Test [QTDT]; p = 4 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-6), respectively) (n = 159) with the two variants in almost complete linkage disequilibrium. The COMT variant rs165599 also associated with visuospatial ability, and in our dataset, we saw an additive effect of DAOA and COMT variants on this neuropsychological trait. CONCLUSIONS The ancestral allele (Arg) of the nonsynonymous common DAOA variant rs2391191 (Arg30Lys) was found to predispose to impaired performance. The DAOA gene may play a role in predisposing individuals to a mixed phenotype of psychosis and mania and to impairments in related neuropsychological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Soronen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland
| | - Kaisa Silander
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland
| | - Mervi Antila
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Finland
| | - Outi M. Palo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland
| | - Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Finland,Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni A. Turunen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - William Hennah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetta,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Address reprint requests to Tiina Paunio, M.D., Ph.D., National Public Health Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum, PO Box 104, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
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Morley KI, Cotton SM, Conus P, Lambert M, Schimmelmann BG, McGorry PD, Foley DL. Familial psychopathology in the First Episode Psychosis Outcome Study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2008; 42:617-26. [PMID: 18612865 DOI: 10.1080/00048670802119754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to characterize the utility of family history data for predicting psychiatric and functional status in first-episode psychosis (FEP) during the pre-treatment phase of illness, at first presentation, and at 18 months follow up. METHOD An epidemiological study based upon a consecutive file audit of 661 patients admitted to the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre between January 1998 and December 2000 using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS In the total sample of FEP patients family history was not significantly associated with psychiatric or functional status pre-treatment, at first presentation, or at 18 months. Male patients with a family history of psychotic illness had a longer duration of prodrome compared to those with no family history of psychiatric illness (mean=481.4 days, SD=678.0 vs mean=383.5 days, SD=524.7; p=0.03). Family history of non-psychotic illness was associated with comorbidity at first presentation in female patients, both for substance-use related comorbidity (p=0.02) and non-substance-use related comorbidity (p=0.03). There was substantial agreement between clinician reports of family history of psychosis and those obtained using a structured interview instrument (kappa=0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.41-0.86), but agreement for non-psychotic family history was comparatively low (kappa=0.28, 95%CI:=-0.03 to 0.52). CONCLUSIONS There are gender differences in the association between substance use disorder, duration of prodrome and family history. This supports the hypothesis that psychotic illness manifests differently in men and women. In the present sample, reports of family history of non-psychotic illness had lower convergent validity than reports of psychotic illness. The present reported associations with non-psychotic family history should therefore be interpreted with caution. Information on gender and family history of psychiatric illness may assist clinical diagnosis and determination of treatment in FEP patients, especially if specific familial risk factors can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine I Morley
- ORYGEN Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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39
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Ivleva E, Thaker G, Tamminga CA. Comparing genes and phenomenology in the major psychoses: schizophrenia and bipolar 1 disorder. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:734-42. [PMID: 18515820 PMCID: PMC2632452 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Gunvant Thaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 214-645-2789; fax: 214-645-2786, e-mail:
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40
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Lin PI, Mitchell BD. Approaches for unraveling the joint genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:791-7. [PMID: 18502736 PMCID: PMC2632441 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since Emil Kraepelin proposed in 1919 that dementia praecox (schizophrenia) be differentiated from manic depression (bipolar disorder), the concept of nosological dichotomy has greatly influenced the diagnosis, treatment, and research of pathogenesis of these 2 disorders. However, this concept has recently been challenged by increasing evidence showing biological overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This article reviews some of the previous evidence for phenomenological and molecular overlaps between these 2 disorders. We then discuss approaches for examining shared etiological mechanisms with a concentration on genetic factors. We have put a particular emphasis on incorporating the concept of endophenotypes in research of shared genetic liability for these 2 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Catonsville, MD
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41
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Neurological soft signs as candidate endophenotypes for schizophrenia: A shooting star or a Northern star? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 32:957-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Silberschmidt AL, Sponheim SR. Personality in relation to genetic liability for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: differential associations with the COMT Val 108/158 Met polymorphism. Schizophr Res 2008; 100:316-24. [PMID: 18201871 PMCID: PMC2682527 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share aspects of genetic etiology. Evidence supports the Val 108/158 Met polymorphism of the Catechol-o-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene as potentially contributing to the etiology of both disorders. To determine whether the COMT gene is associated with personality traits related to genetic risk for either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, we examined dimensions of personality psychopathology in biological relatives of individuals with the disorders. Specifically, we contrasted personality characteristics of first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia, first-degree relatives of people with bipolar-I disorder, and nonpsychiatric control participants using scores from the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Brief Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ). We also characterized the COMT Val 108/158 Met polymorphism of subjects. Compared to controls, relatives of schizophrenia patients scored lower on stimulus seeking and higher on restrictive expression and social avoidance. Compared to relatives of bipolar patients, relatives of schizophrenia patients had lower scores on narcissism, rejectionality (i.e., rejection of ideas of others), stimulus seeking, passive-aggressive oppositionality, and self-harm. The subset of relatives of schizophrenia patients who were COMT val homozygotes exhibited lower scores on narcissism, rejectionality, and stimulus seeking than met homozygote relatives of schizophrenia patients and control participants. Although relatives of bipolar patients showed scale elevations consistent with emotional dysregulation, the scores failed to be associated with the Val 108/158 Met polymorphism. Abnormally low narcissism and rejectionality in val homozygote relatives of schizophrenia patients suggests that the val allele of the COMT polymorphism may be associated with an underdeveloped self-concept phenomenologically similar to made volition and passivity experiences comprising first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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43
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Raymond Lake C. Disorders of thought are severe mood disorders: the selective attention defect in mania challenges the Kraepelinian dichotomy a review. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:109-17. [PMID: 17515440 PMCID: PMC2632389 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbm035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Kraepelin said severe mental illness was due to 2 diseases subsequently characterized as disorders of thought vs disorders of mood, ie, the Kraepelinian dichotomy. Schizophrenia, traditionally considered the disorder of thought, has been defined by the presence of hallucinations, delusions, catatonia, and disorganization. Tangentiality, derailment, loose associations, and thought blocking are typically considered pathognomonic of schizophrenia. By contrast, the mood disorders have been characterized only as disorders of the emotions, though both depression and mania, when severe, are now recognized to include the same psychotic features traditionally considered diagnostic of schizophrenia. This article addresses disordered thinking in mania in order to clarify the relationship between schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders. Normally, the brain's selective attention mechanism filters and prioritizes incoming stimuli by excluding from consciousness extraneous, low-priority stimuli and grading the importance of more relevant data. Because this "filter/prioritizer" becomes defective in mania, tangential stimuli are processed without appropriate prioritization. Observed as distractibility, this symptom is an index of the breakdown in selective attention and the severity of mania, accounting for the signs and symptoms of psychotic thinking. The zone of rarity between schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders is blurred because severe disorders of mood are also disorders of thought. This relationship calls into question the tenet that schizophrenia is a disease separate from psychotic mood disorders. Patients whose case histories are discussed herein gave their written informed consent to participate in this institutional human subjects committee-approved protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Raymond Lake
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7341, USA.
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44
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Palo OM, Antila M, Silander K, Hennah W, Kilpinen H, Soronen P, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Kieseppä T, Partonen T, Lönnqvist J, Peltonen L, Paunio T. Association of distinct allelic haplotypes of DISC1 with psychotic and bipolar spectrum disorders and with underlying cognitive impairments. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:2517-28. [PMID: 17673452 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) have at least a partially convergent aetiology and thus may share genetic susceptibility loci. Multiple lines of evidence emphasize the role of disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene in psychotic disorders such as SCZ. We monitored the association of allelic variants of translin-associated factor X (TSNAX)/DISC1 gene cluster using 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 723 members of 179 Finnish BPD families. Consistent with an earlier finding in Finnish SCZ families, the haplotype T-A of rs751229 and rs3738401 at the 5' end of DISC1 was over-transmitted to males with psychotic disorder (P = 0.008; for an extended haplotype P = 0.0007 with both genders). Haplotypes at the 3' end of DISC1 associated with bipolar spectrum disorder (P = 0.0002 for an under-transmitted haplotype T-T of rs821616 and rs1411771, for an extended haplotype P = 0.0001), as did a two-SNP risk haplotype at the 5' end of TSNAX (P = 0.007). The risk haplotype for psychotic disorder also associated to perseverations (P = 0.035; for rs751229 alone P = 0.0012), and a protective haplotype G-T-G with rs1655285 in addition to auditory attention (P = 0.0059). The 3' end variants associated with several cognitive traits, with the most robust signal for rs821616 and verbal fluency and rs980989 and psychomotor processing speed (P = 0.011 for both). These results support involvement of DISC1 in the genetic aetiology of BPD and suggest that its distinct variants contribute to variation in the dimensional features of psychotic and bipolar spectrum disorders. Finding of alternative associating haplotypes in the same set of BPD families gives evidence for allelic heterogeneity within DISC1, eventually leading to heterogeneity in the clinical outcome as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi M Palo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Insitute, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Lake CR, Hurwitz N. Schizoaffective disorder merges schizophrenia and bipolar disorders as one disease--there is no schizoaffective disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2007; 20:365-79. [PMID: 17551352 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0b013e3281a305ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Schizoaffective disorder was named as a compromise diagnosis in 1933, and remains popular as judged by its place in the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, its frequent use in clinical practice, and its extensive discussion in the literature. Some, however, have questioned the validity of schizoaffective disorder as separate from psychotic mood disorder. We examined the literature to assess the rationale for the continuation of schizoaffective disorder as a legitimate diagnostic category. RECENT FINDINGS The diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder depends on the disease specificity of the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia; however, the psychotic symptoms for schizophrenia, traditionally held as specific, can be accounted for by psychotic bipolar. Further, the interrater reliability for diagnosing schizoaffective disorder is very low. A recent and expanding body of comparative evidence from a wide range of clinical and basic science studies, especially genetic, reveals multiple similarities between schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar. SUMMARY Schizoaffective disorder unifies schizophrenia and bipolar, blurring the zones of rarity between them and suggesting that schizoaffective disorder is not a separate, 'bona-fide' disease. Patients diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder likely suffer from a psychotic mood disorder. The diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, which can result in substandard treatment, should be eliminated from the diagnostic nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ray Lake
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Psychiatric research, including the search for predisposing genes, has tended to proceed under the assumptions that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, are discrete disease entities with distinct etiology and pathogenesis and that these disease entities can be identified by current "operational" diagnostic conventions. However, recent findings emerging from genetic studies show increasing evidence for an overlap in genetic susceptibility across the traditional binary classification of psychosis. Moreover, the emerging evidence suggests the possibility of relatively specific relationships between genotype and psychopathology. For example, variation in Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) may confer susceptibility to a form of illness with mixed features of schizophrenia and mania. The elucidation of genotype-phenotype relationships is at an early stage, but current findings highlight the need to consider alternative approaches to classification and conceptualization for psychiatric research rather than continuing to rely heavily on the traditional categorical approach. We can expect that, over the coming years, molecular genetics will catalyze a reappraisal of psychiatric nosology as well as contribute in a major way to our understanding of pathophysiology and to the development of improved treatments. However, our understanding of the brain mechanisms that link specific gene actions and products to the subjective experience of psychopathological symptoms is likely to be bridged by employing intermediate (or endo-) phenotypes in the domains such as cognition, neurophysiology, or neuroanatomy rather than relying upon clinical measures alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Owen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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47
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Gutiérrez B, Rosa A, Papiol S, Arrufat FJ, Catalán R, Salgado P, Peralta V, Cuesta MJ, Fañanás L. Identification of two risk haplotypes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter gene (SVMT). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:502-7. [PMID: 17427184 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synaptic vesicular monoamine transporter (SVMT) plays a key role in monoaminergic neurotransmission determining the size of neurotransmitter vesicular pools available for exocytotic release. Recently, several lines of evidence have suggested that altered functions of SVMT may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain neuropsychiatric diseases, including psychotic and mood disorders. In the present study, we tested the potential involvement of SVMT gene variants in the etiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Five different SNPs (T440G, C1368T, T2666C, A2683C, and A745G) were included in the analysis covering a region of about 35 kb along the SVMT gene. Analyses were performed in a case-control sample consisting of 88 bipolar patients, 107 subjects with schizophrenia, and 164 controls. Two risk haplotypes for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in SVMT gene were identified. Particularly, 2666T-2683A-745G (TAG) and 2666C-2683C-745A (CCA) combinations were significantly more frequent in both bipolar and schizophrenic patients than in controls. UNPHASED package estimated haplotype effects for all patients yielded relative risks of 4.1 (95%CI: 1.83-9.21) for TAG combination and 2.336 (95%CI: 1.28-4.26) for CCA haplotype. Conversely, 2666T-2683C-745A (TCA) and 2666C-2683A-745G (CAG) haplotypes seemed to protect against these mental disorders, since the estimated frequency in control chromosomes was 12% whilst such haplotypes were not observed in any bipolar or schizophrenic subject (P < 0.0000). Our results strongly suggest that SVMT gene or certain regions of it may constitute a genetic substrate of susceptibility for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Gutiérrez
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kaymaz N, van Os J, de Graaf R, Ten Have M, Nolen W, Krabbendam L. The impact of subclinical psychosis on the transition from subclinicial mania to bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2007; 98:55-64. [PMID: 16934874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the general population, symptoms of mania and psychosis are more broadly distributed than their associated clinical syndromes. Little is known, however, about how these subclinical population phenotypes co-vary with and impact on each other. METHOD In a representative population cohort of 7076 adults, prevalence of mania and psychosis symptoms and syndromes were assessed with the CIDI at baseline, at one (T1) and two years later (T2). The degree of comorbidity between subclinical mania and subclinical psychosis was examined, as well as the impact of subclinical comorbidity on social impairment and transition from subclinical mania to onset of bipolar disorder. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of at least one manic and one psychotic symptom was 4.1% and 4.2% respectively. Excluding individuals with any lifetime DSM-III-R bipolar or psychotic disorder (n=218), these prevalences were 2.3% (subclinical mania) and 2.8% (subclinical psychosis). Individuals with subclinical mania had a 17% risk of subclinical psychosis, compared with 2.3% in those without (P<0.000). Comorbid subclinical psychosis in individuals with subclinical mania was much more predictive of a future diagnosis of bipolar disorder (positive predictive values of 3% versus 10% respectively). CONCLUSION Subclinical phenotypes of mania and psychosis are more prevalent than their clinical counterparts and cluster together. The risk factors for psychosis may facilitate the formation of more "toxic" combinations of subclinical mania and subclinical psychosis with a higher probability of transition to bipolar disorder. A better understanding of this pathway is crucial for the development of early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Kaymaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616 (DRT 10), 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Mukherjee O, Meera P, Ghosh S, Kubendran S, Kiran K, Manjunath KR, Subhash MN, Benegal V, Brahmachari SK, Majumder PP, Jain S. Evidence of linkage and association on 18p11.2 for psychosis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:868-73. [PMID: 16941653 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) has been established through numerous clinical and molecular studies. Although often considered separate nosological entities, evidence now suggests that the two syndromes may share some genetic liability. Recent studies have used a composite phenotype (psychosis) that includes BPD, SCZ, psychosis not otherwise specified, and schizoaffective disorder, to identify shared susceptibility loci. Several chromosomal regions are reported to be shared between these syndromes (18p, 6q, 10p, 13q, 22q). As a part of our endeavor to scan these regions, we report a positive linkage and association finding at 18p11.2 for psychosis. Two-point linkage analysis performed on a series of 52 multiplex pedigrees with 23 polymorphic markers yielded a LOD score of 2.02 at D18S37. An independent set of 159 parent offspring trios was used to confirm this suggestive finding. The TDT analysis yielded support for association between the marker D18S453 and the disease allele (chi2 = 4.829, P < 0.028). This region has been implicated by several studies on BPD [Sjoholt et al. (2004); Mol Psychiatry 9(6):621-629; Washizuka et al. (2004); Biol Psychiatry 56(7):483-489; Pickard et al. (2005); Psychiatr Genet 15(1):37-44], SCZ [Kikuchi et al. (2003); J Med Dent Sci 50(3):225-229; Babovic-Vuksanovic et al. (2004); Am J Med Genet 124(3):318-322] and also as a shared region between the two diseases [Ishiguro et al. (2001); J Neural Transm 108(7):849-854; Reyes et al. (2002); Mol Psychiatry 7(4):337-339; Craddock et al. (2005); J Med Genet 42(3):193-204]. Our findings provide an independent validation of the above reports, and suggest the presence of susceptibility loci for psychoses in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mukherjee
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental, Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
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Rende R, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Strober M, Gill MK, Valeri S, Chiappetta L, Ryan N, Leonard H, Hunt J, Iyengar S, Keller M. Psychotic symptoms in pediatric bipolar disorder and family history of psychiatric illness. J Affect Disord 2006; 96:127-31. [PMID: 16814395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the specificity and non-specificity in patterns of familial loading for presentation of psychotic symptoms in pediatric bipolar disorder (BP). METHODS Diagnostic assessment of 263 pediatric BP probands included lifetime history of psychotic symptoms as well as longitudinal follow-up; family history of psychiatric illness was determined for 1st degree relatives. RESULTS Pediatric BP probands with lifetime history of psychosis had a higher percentage of positive family history of anxiety disorders and suicide attempts as compared to probands with no history of psychosis. DISCUSSION Familial loading for a spectrum of internalizing disorders is associated with presentation of psychotic symptoms in pediatric BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rende
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
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