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Shankar Palani R, Mardini M, Quan Y, Griffin RG. Dynamic nuclear polarization with trityl radicals. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 349:107411. [PMID: 36893654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the expanding applications of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to problems in biological and materials science, there remain unresolved questions concerning DNP mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate the Zeeman DNP frequency profiles obtained with trityl radicals, OX063 and its partially deuterated analog OX071, in two commonly used glassing matrices based on glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). When microwave irradiation is applied in the neighborhood of the narrow EPR transition, we observe a dispersive shape in the 1H Zeeman field and the effects are larger in DMSO than in glycerol. With the help of direct DNP observations on 13C and 2H nuclei, we investigate the origin of this dispersive field profile. In particular, we observe a weak nuclear Overhauser effect between 1H and 13C in the sample, which, when irradiating at the positive 1H solid effect (SE) condition, results in a negative enhancement of 13C spins. This observation is not consistent with thermal mixing (TM) being the mechanism responsible for the dispersive shape in the 1H DNP Zeeman frequency profile. Instead, we propose a new mechanism, resonant mixing, involving mixing of nuclear and electron spin states in a simple two-spin system without invoking electron-electron dipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Palani
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Michael Mardini
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Yifan Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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Aladin V, Sreemantula AK, Biedenbänder T, Marchanka A, Corzilius B. Specific Signal Enhancement on an RNA-Protein Interface by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203443. [PMID: 36533705 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity and specificity are both crucial for the efficient solid-state NMR structure determination of large biomolecules. We present an approach that features both advantages by site-specific enhancement of NMR spectroscopic signals from the protein-RNA binding site within a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). This approach uses modern biochemical techniques for sparse isotope labeling and exploits the molecular dynamics of 13 C-labeled methyl groups exclusively present in the protein. These dynamics drive heteronuclear cross relaxation and thus allow specific hyperpolarization transfer across the biomolecular complex's interface. For the example of the L7Ae protein in complex with a 26mer guide RNA minimal construct from the box C/D complex in archaea, we demonstrate that a single methyl-nucleotide contact is responsible for most of the polarization transfer to the RNA, and that this specific transfer can be used to boost both NMR spectral sensitivity and specificity by DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Aladin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arun K Sreemantula
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and, Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Biedenbänder
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Marchanka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and, Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Corzilius
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Biedenbänder T, Aladin V, Saeidpour S, Corzilius B. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization for Sensitivity Enhancement in Biomolecular Solid-State NMR. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9738-9794. [PMID: 35099939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR with magic-angle spinning (MAS) is an important method in structural biology. While NMR can provide invaluable information about local geometry on an atomic scale even for large biomolecular assemblies lacking long-range order, it is often limited by low sensitivity due to small nuclear spin polarization in thermal equilibrium. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has evolved during the last decades to become a powerful method capable of increasing this sensitivity by two to three orders of magnitude, thereby reducing the valuable experimental time from weeks or months to just hours or days; in many cases, this allows experiments that would be otherwise completely unfeasible. In this review, we give an overview of the developments that have opened the field for DNP-enhanced biomolecular solid-state NMR including state-of-the-art applications at fast MAS and high magnetic field. We present DNP mechanisms, polarizing agents, and sample constitution methods suitable for biomolecules. A wide field of biomolecular NMR applications is covered including membrane proteins, amyloid fibrils, large biomolecular assemblies, and biomaterials. Finally, we present perspectives and recent developments that may shape the field of biomolecular DNP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Biedenbänder
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Victoria Aladin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Siavash Saeidpour
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Corzilius
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Cui J, Li J, Peng X, Fu R. Transient NOE enhancement in solid-state MAS NMR of mobile systems. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 284:73-79. [PMID: 28961480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that the heteronuclear cross-relaxation affects the dilute S spin magnetization along the longitudinal direction, causing an overshoot phenomenon for those mobile systems in spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements. Here, we analyze the Solomon equations for an I-S system and derive the transient cross relaxation effect as to when an overshoot phenomenon would take place and what the maximum enhancement could be at the time of the overshoot. In order to utilize such a transient nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), we first time apply it to dynamic solid samples by inverting the 1H magnetization prior to the excitation of the S spin. It is found that the overshoot depends on the ratio of the I and S spin-lattice relaxation rates, i.e. RSS/RII. When RSS/RII≫1, the maximum enhancement factor for transient NOE could be larger than that obtained in steady-state NOE experiments. Furthermore, transient NOE appears to be more efficient in terms of sensitivity enhancement of dilute spins in solid-state NMR of mobile systems than the traditional cross polarization scheme whose efficiency is greatly compromised by molecular mobility. A sample of natural abundance l-isoleucine amino acid, in which the spin-lattice relaxation rates for the four methyl carbons are different, has been used to demonstrate sensitivity enhancement factors under various experimental schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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Zhang R, Mroue KH, Ramamoorthy A. Hybridizing cross-polarization with NOE or refocused-INEPT enhances the sensitivity of MAS NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 266:59-66. [PMID: 27040936 PMCID: PMC4851575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Heteronuclear cross polarization (CP) has been commonly used to enhance the sensitivity of dilute low-γ nuclei in almost all solid-state NMR experiments. However, CP relies on heteronuclear dipolar couplings, and therefore the magnetization transfer efficiency becomes inefficient when the dipolar couplings are weak, as is often the case for mobile components in solids. Here, we demonstrate methods that combine CP with heteronuclear Overhauser effect (referred to as CP-NOE) or with refocused-INEPT (referred to as CP-RINEPT) to overcome the efficiency limitation of CP and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for mobile components. Our experimental results reveal that, compared to the conventional CP, significant S/N ratio enhancement can be achieved for resonances originating from mobile components, whereas the resonance signals associated with rigid groups are not significantly affected due to their long spin-lattice relaxation times. In fact, the S/N enhancement factor is also dependent on the temperature, CP contact time as well as on the system under investigation. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that CP-RINEPT experiment can be successfully employed to independently detect mobile and rigid signals in a single experiment without affecting the data collection time. However, the resolution of CP spectrum obtained from the CP-RINEPT experiment could be slightly compromised by the mandatory use of continuous wave (CW) decoupling during the acquisition of signals from rigid components. In addition, CP-RINEPT experiment can be used for spectral editing utilizing the difference in dynamics of different regions of a molecule and/or different components present in the sample, and could also be useful for the assignment of resonances from mobile components in poorly resolved spectra. Therefore, we believe that the proposed approaches are beneficial for the structural characterization of multiphase and heterogeneous systems, and could be used as a building block in multidimensional solid-state NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchun Zhang
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Kamal H Mroue
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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Fry EA, Sengupta S, Phan VC, Kuang S, Zilm KW. CSA-enabled spin diffusion leads to MAS rate-dependent T1's at high field. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1156-8. [PMID: 21207992 DOI: 10.1021/ja106730p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A surprisingly strong spin rate dependence of (15)N and (13)C NMR T(1) times in magic angle spinning experiments on solid peptides is demonstrated. Using a variety of isotopomers, the phenomenon is shown to be the result of chemical shift anisotropy-mediated spin diffusion. This effect has the potential to be used to detect long-range distance constraints in macromolecular systems.
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FRITZHANNS TILO, DEMCO DE, HAFNER SIEGFRIED, SPIESS HANSW. Multi-dimensional1H NMR nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy under magic angle spinning: theory and application to elastomers. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979909482895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Macdonald PM, Soong R. The truncated driven NOE and (13)C NMR sensitivity enhancement in magnetically-aligned bicelles. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 188:1-9. [PMID: 17596978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The truncated driven nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) sequence is examined as a means of sensitivity enhancement in (13)C NMR spectroscopy of magnetically-aligned bicelles consisting of 4.5:1 mixtures of DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) plus DHPC (1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), with 1 mole% DMPE-PEG 2000 (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000). Steady-state NOE enhancements were observed at all carbon segments except the lipid carbonyls, but full NOE enhancements were obtained only for the most mobile carbon segments, specifically the choline quaternary methyls and terminal acyl chain methyls of both DMPC and DHPC, as well as the ethylene oxide segments of the PEG head group of DMPE-PEG 2000. Other carbon segments exhibited NOE enhancements that scaled with mobility as determined by transient NOE measurements combined with spin-lattice relaxation measurements. We conclude that the truncated driven NOE provides sensitivity enhancement complimentary to that yielded by cross-polarization techniques and for mobile membrane-associated species may be preferred for its robustness and ease of setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Macdonald
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6.
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Green MM, White JL, Mirau P, Scheinfeld MH. C−H to O Hydrogen Bonding: The Attractive Interaction in the Blend between Polystyrene and Poly(vinyl methyl ether). Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061376l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York 11210; Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078; and 2941 Hobson Way, BLDG 654, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Jeffery L. White
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York 11210; Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078; and 2941 Hobson Way, BLDG 654, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Peter Mirau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York 11210; Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078; and 2941 Hobson Way, BLDG 654, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Meir H. Scheinfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York 11210; Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078; and 2941 Hobson Way, BLDG 654, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750
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Ashbrook SE, Dowell NG, Prokes I, Wimperis S. Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) Enhancement of 11B NMR Spectra of Borane Adducts in the Solid State. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:6782-3. [PMID: 16719446 DOI: 10.1021/ja0610939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A strong 11B {1H} nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) enhancement can be observed in solid-state 11B NMR spectra of borane adducts, yielding fractional enhancements, fI{S} = (I - I0)/I0, of the magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR signal of up to 155%. This is an interesting and unusual observation as 11B (spin I = 3/2) is a quadrupolar nucleus and the corresponding NOE is completely absent in solution. More generally, it shows that the NOE may have a wider role to play in solid-state NMR studies of dynamics than has been envisaged hitherto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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O’Connor RD, Ginsburg EJ, Blum FD. Solid-state deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance of the methyl dynamics of poly(α-methylstyrene) and polymethylphenylsilane. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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