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Bartesaghi R. Brain circuit pathology in Down syndrome: from neurons to neural networks. Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:365-423. [PMID: 36170842 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a genetic pathology caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is characterized by brain hypotrophy and impairment of cognition starting from infancy. While studies in mouse models of DS have elucidated the major neuroanatomical and neurochemical defects of DS, comparatively fewer investigations have focused on the electrophysiology of the DS brain. Electrical activity is at the basis of brain functioning. Therefore, knowledge of the way in which brain circuits operate in DS is fundamental to understand the causes of behavioral impairment and devise targeted interventions. This review summarizes the state of the art regarding the electrical properties of the DS brain, starting from individual neurons and culminating in signal processing in whole neuronal networks. The reported evidence derives from mouse models of DS and from brain tissues and neurons derived from individuals with DS. EEG data recorded in individuals with DS are also provided as a key tool to understand the impact of brain circuit alterations on global brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Perceptual dissimilarity, cognitive and linguistic skills predict novel word retention, but not extension skills in Down syndrome. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Côté V, Lalancette È, Knoth IS, Côté L, Agbogba K, Vannasing P, Major P, Barlaam F, Michaud J, Lippé S. Distinct patterns of repetition suppression in Fragile X syndrome, down syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex and mutations in SYNGAP1. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147205. [PMID: 33189692 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensory processing is the gateway to information processing and more complex processes such as learning. Alterations in sensory processing is a common phenotype of many genetic syndromes associated with intellectual disability (ID). It is currently unknown whether sensory processing alterations converge or diverge on brain responses between syndromes. Here, we compare for the first time four genetic conditions with ID using the same basic sensory learning paradigm. One hundred and five participants, aged between 3 and 30 years old, composing four clinical ID groups and one control group, were recruited: Fragile X syndrome (FXS; n = 14), tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC; n = 9), Down syndrome (DS; n = 19), SYNGAP1 mutations (n = 8) and Neurotypical controls (NT; n = 55)). All groups included female and male participants. Brain responses were recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) during an audio-visual task that involved three repetitions of the pronunciation of the phoneme /a/. Event Related Potentials (ERP) were used to: 1) compare peak-to-peak amplitudes between groups, 2) evaluate the presence of repetition suppression within each group and 3) compare the relative repetition suppression between groups. Our results revealed larger overall amplitudes in FXS. A repetition suppression (RS) pattern was found in the NT group, FXS and DS, suggesting spared repetition suppression in a multimodal task in these two ID syndromes. Interestingly, FXS presented a stronger RS on one peak-to-peak value in comparison with the NT. The results of our study reveal the distinctiveness of ERP and RS brain responses in ID syndromes. Further studies should be conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in these patterns of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Côté
- Psychology Departement, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90, Avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada; NED Laboratory, Office 5.2.43, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Ève Lalancette
- Psychology Departement, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90, Avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada; NED Laboratory, Office 5.2.43, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Inga S Knoth
- NED Laboratory, Office 5.2.43, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Lucie Côté
- Neurology Program, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Kristian Agbogba
- NED Laboratory, Office 5.2.43, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Phetsamone Vannasing
- Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Philippe Major
- Neurology Program, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Fanny Barlaam
- NED Laboratory, Office 5.2.43, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jacques Michaud
- Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Psychology Departement, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90, Avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada; NED Laboratory, Office 5.2.43, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Research Center UHC Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Donkers FC, Carlson M, Schipul SE, Belger A, Baranek GT. Auditory event-related potentials and associations with sensory patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and typical development. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:1093-1110. [PMID: 31845589 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319893196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atypical sensory response patterns are common in children with autism and developmental delay. Expanding on previous work, this observational electroencephalogram study assessed auditory event-related potentials and their associations with clinically evaluated sensory response patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 28), developmental delay (n = 17), and typical development (n = 39). Attention-orienting P3a responses were attenuated in autism spectrum disorder relative to both developmental delay and typical development, but early sensory N2 responses were attenuated in both autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay relative to typical development. Attenuated event-related potentials involving N2 or P3a components, or a P1 × N2 interaction, were related to more severe hyporesponsive or sensory-seeking response patterns across children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay. Thus, although attentional disruptions may be unique to autism spectrum disorder, sensory disruptions appear across developmental delay and are associated with atypical sensory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franc Cl Donkers
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.,Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Aysenil Belger
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.,Duke University, USA
| | - Grace T Baranek
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.,University of Southern California, USA
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López-Riobóo E, Martínez-Castilla P. Psycholinguistic profile of young adults with Down syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 94:103460. [PMID: 31476725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenotype of Down syndrome (DS) is usually characterized by relative strengths in visual skills and severe deficits in auditory processing; this has consequences for language and communication. To date, it is not known whether this pattern characterizes the psycholinguistic profile of young adults with DS. AIMS This study aimed to assess whether, relative to their cognitive level, young adults with DS present a specific and homogeneous phenotype for both auditory and visual psycholinguistic skills. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Fifty young adults with DS and 50 peers with other intellectual disability (ID) were equated in chronological age and nonverbal cognition and were compared regarding their performance in auditory and visual psycholinguistic functions. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Participants with DS showed more phenotypic-specific deficits in auditory psycholinguistic skills than in those involved in visual processing. However, phenotypic-specific impairments in visual psycholinguistic skills were also observed, while no significant between-group differences were found for some auditory psycholinguistic skills. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The psycholinguistic pattern of young adults with DS is not homogeneous with respect to auditory and visual processing. The profile of specific deficits suggests that the educative support for young adults with DS may need to be specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Riobóo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; Fundación Síndrome de Down de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pastora Martínez-Castilla
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Gregory L, Rosa RFM, Zen PRG, Sleifer P. Auditory evoked potentials in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:68-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Gregory
- Graduate Program in Pathology; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA); Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Rafael F. M. Rosa
- Graduate Program in Pathology; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA); Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences; UFCSPA; Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Clinical Genetics; UFCSPA and Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (CHSCPA); Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Paulo R. G. Zen
- Graduate Program in Pathology; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA); Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences; UFCSPA; Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Clinical Genetics; UFCSPA and Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (CHSCPA); Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Pricila Sleifer
- Audiology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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Angulo-Chavira AQ, García O, Arias-Trejo N. Pupil response and attention skills in Down syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 70:40-49. [PMID: 28888155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by attentional problems. Little is known about the neural correlates of attention problems in DS due to difficulties in evaluation. Pupil dilation, associated with an increase in cognitive load and locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system activity in humans, is a neurophysiological measurement that may help to characterize such problems. The aim of this research was to investigate the link between a phasic pupil dilation response and target detection in people with DS, as compared with a control group with typical development (TD) matched by mental age. Participants performed an "oddball" task by means of an eye-tracker and a series of neuropsychological tests. Although the DS and control group demonstrated similar attentional skills and behavioral performance, the participants with DS showed greater pupil dilation. This result suggests that people with DS expend extra cognitive effort to achieve performance similar to those with TD. This finding is discussed in light of the attentional process in DS and the reliability of pupil dilation measurement in the study of attention and other cognitive processes in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Octavio García
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Síndrome de Down, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Natalia Arias-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Psicolingüística, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Wilkinson KM, Stutzman A, Seisler A. N400 brain responses to spoken phrases paired with photographs of scenes: implications for visual scene displays in AAC systems. Augment Altern Commun 2014; 31:51-62. [PMID: 25521434 DOI: 10.3109/07434618.2014.965342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are often implemented for individuals whose speech cannot meet their full communication needs. One type of aided display is called a Visual Scene Display (VSD). VSDs consist of integrated scenes (such as photographs) in which language concepts are embedded. Often, the representations of concepts on VSDs are perceptually similar to their referents. Given this physical resemblance, one may ask how well VSDs support development of symbolic functioning. We used brain imaging techniques to examine whether matches and mismatches between the content of spoken messages and photographic images of scenes evoke neural activity similar to activity that occurs to spoken or written words. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 15 college students who were shown photographs paired with spoken phrases that were either matched or mismatched to the concepts embedded within each photograph. Of interest was the N400 component, a negative deflecting wave 400 ms post-stimulus that is considered to be an index of semantic functioning. An N400 response in the mismatched condition (but not the matched) would replicate brain responses to traditional linguistic symbols. An N400 was found, exclusively in the mismatched condition, suggesting that mismatches between spoken messages and VSD-type representations set the stage for the N400 in ways similar to traditional linguistic symbols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Wilkinson
- Communication Sciences & Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA
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Arakaki X, Galbraith G, Pikov V, Fonteh AN, Harrington MG. Altered brainstem auditory evoked potentials in a rat central sensitization model are similar to those in migraine. Brain Res 2014; 1563:110-21. [PMID: 24680742 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Migraine symptoms often include auditory discomfort. Nitroglycerin (NTG)-triggered central sensitization (CS) provides a rodent model of migraine, but auditory brainstem pathways have not yet been studied in this example. Our objective was to examine brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in rat CS as a measure of possible auditory abnormalities. We used four subdermal electrodes to record horizontal (h) and vertical (v) dipole channel BAEPs before and after injection of NTG or saline. We measured the peak latencies (PLs), interpeak latencies (IPLs), and amplitudes for detectable waveforms evoked by 8, 16, or 32 kHz auditory stimulation. At 8 kHz stimulation, vertical channel positive PLs of waves 4, 5, and 6 (vP4, vP5, and vP6), and related IPLs from earlier negative or positive peaks (vN1-vP4, vN1-vP5, vN1-vP6; vP3-vP4, vP3-vP6) increased significantly 2h after NTG injection compared to the saline group. However, BAEP peak amplitudes at all frequencies, PLs and IPLs from the horizontal channel at all frequencies, and the vertical channel stimulated at 16 and 32 kHz showed no significant/consistent change. For the first time in the rat CS model, we show that BAEP PLs and IPLs ranging from putative bilateral medial superior olivary nuclei (P4) to the more rostral structures such as the medial geniculate body (P6) were prolonged 2h after NTG administration. These BAEP alterations could reflect changes in neurotransmitters and/or hypoperfusion in the midbrain. The similarity of our results with previous human studies further validates the rodent CS model for future migraine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Arakaki
- Molecular Neurology Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
| | - Gary Galbraith
- Mental Retardation Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Victor Pikov
- Neural Engineering Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 734 Fair mount Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Alfred N Fonteh
- Molecular Neurology Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Michael G Harrington
- Molecular Neurology Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
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Martínez-Castilla P, García-Nogales MÁ, Campos R, Rodríguez M. Environmental sound recognition by timbre in children with Williams syndrome. Child Neuropsychol 2014; 21:90-105. [PMID: 24428369 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2013.876492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anecdotal reports have described children with Williams syndrome (WS) as presenting outstanding skills for recognizing environmental sounds by their timbre. This has led to suggest that the skills for environmental sound recognition by timbre are highly developed in WS. Furthermore, the term hypertimbria has been proposed to refer to this feature. However, no academic research has assessed these skills in WS. This study therefore aimed to contrast the reports on the highly developed skills for environmental sound recognition by timbre in children with WS. An environmental sound recognition task was administered to children with WS, children with Down syndrome of the same chronological age and cognitive level, and chronological age-matched typically developing children. Participants with WS performed significantly lower than their typically developing peers and no significant differences were found between the WS and Down syndrome groups. Unlike previous reports, this study points out that in WS environmental sound recognition by timbre does not constitute a phenotypic strength either in absolute or relative terms. Results suggest that children with WS do not present hypertimbria or preserved skills for timbre recognition. We discuss the implications of these results for theories of cognitive modularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pastora Martínez-Castilla
- a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia , Madrid , Spain
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Ahmadlou M, Gharib M, Hemmati S, Vameghi R, Sajedi F. Disrupted small-world brain network in children with Down Syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1755-64. [PMID: 23583023 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how the global organization or topology of the functional brain connectivity (FBC) is affected in Down Syndrome (DS). METHODS As the brain is a highly complex network including numerous nonlinearly interacted neuronal areas, the FBCs of typically developing (TD) children and DS patients were computed using a nonlinear synchronization method. Then the differences in global organization of the obtained FBCs of the two groups were analyzed, in all electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency bands, in the framework of Small-Worldness Network (a network with optimum balance between segregation and integration of information). RESULTS The topology of the functional connectivity of DS patients is disrupted in the whole brain in alpha and theta bands, and especially in the left intra-hemispheric brain networks in upper alpha band. CONCLUSIONS The global organization of the DS brain does not resemble a Small-World network, but it works as a random network. SIGNIFICANCE It is the first study on global organization of the FBC in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ahmadlou
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Knoth IS, Lippé S. Event-related potential alterations in fragile X syndrome. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:264. [PMID: 23015788 PMCID: PMC3449440 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of X-linked intellectual disability (ID), associated with a wide range of cognitive and behavioral impairments. FXS is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene located on the X-chromosome. FMR1 is expected to prevent the expression of the "fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP)", which results in altered structural and functional development of the synapse, including a loss of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to unveil the contribution of electrophysiological signal studies for the understanding of the information processing impairments in FXS patients. We discuss relevant event-related potential (ERP) studies conducted with full mutation FXS patients and clinical populations sharing symptoms with FXS in a developmental perspective. Specific deviances found in FXS ERP profiles are described. Alterations are reported in N1, P2, Mismatch Negativity (MMN), N2, and P3 components in FXS compared to healthy controls. Particularly, deviances in N1 and P2 amplitude seem to be specific to FXS. The presented results suggest a cascade of impaired information processes that are in line with symptoms and anatomical findings in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga S Knoth
- Centre de Recherche CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada ; Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, University of Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Porter H, Tharpe AM. Hearing Loss among Persons with Down Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7750(10)39007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kittler PM, Phan HTT, Gardner JM, Miroshnichenko I, Gordon A, Karmel BZ. Auditory brainstem evoked responses in newborns with Down syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 114:393-400. [PMID: 19792055 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-114.6.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs) were compared in 15 newborns with Down syndrome and 15 sex-, age-, and weight-matched control newborns. Participants had normal ABRs based upon values specific to 32- to 42-weeks postconceptional age. Although Wave III and Wave V component latencies and the Wave I-III interpeak latency (IPL) were shorter in ABRs of infants with Down syndrome, the Wave III-V IPL was not, pointing to anomalies in the lower rather than upper brainstem auditory pathways. Shorter Down syndrome ABR latencies have been reported at many ages. Extending these findings to newborns suggests that the underlying basis for this develops prenatally. ABR patterns in infants with Down syndrome were similar to reports for intrauterine growth restricted newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis M Kittler
- New York Sate Institute for Basic Research in Development Disabilities, Psychology and infant development, Staten Island, New York 10341, USA.
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15
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van Ruitenbeek P, Vermeeren A, Smulders FTY, Sambeth A, Riedel WJ. Histamine H1 receptor blockade predominantly impairs sensory processes in human sensorimotor performance. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:76-85. [PMID: 19220286 PMCID: PMC2697787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Centrally active antihistamines impair cognitive performance, particularly sensorimotor performance. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the scarcely studied subprocesses involved in sensorimotor performance, which may be affected by H1 receptor blockade. Better knowledge about the cognitive deficits associated with histamine dysfunction can contribute to better treatment of clinical disorders in which histamine hypofunction may be a contributing factor, such as in schizophrenia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Interactions of dexchlorpheniramine with specific task manipulations in a choice reaction time task were studied. Task demands were increased at the level of sensory subprocesses by decreasing stimulus quality, and at the level of motor subprocesses by increasing response complexity. A total of 18 healthy volunteers (9 female) aged between 18 and 45 years participated in a three-way, double-blind, crossover design. Treatments were single oral doses of 4 mg dexchlorpheniramine, 1 mg lorazepam and placebo. Behavioural effects were assessed by measuring reaction times and effects on brain activity by event-related potentials. KEY RESULTS Dexchlorpheniramine significantly slowed reaction times, but did not significantly interact with task manipulations. However, it did significantly interact with stimulus quality, as measured by event-related potentials. Lorazepam slowed reaction times and interacted with perceptual manipulations, as shown by effects on reaction times. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results confirm that the histamine system is involved in sensory information processing and show that H1 blockade does not affect motoric information processing. Histamine hypofunction in clinical disorders may cause impaired sensory processing, which may be a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Ruitenbeek
- Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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16
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Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in normal hearing adult subjects with Down's syndrome. Brain Res 2008; 1233:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Histamine is a transmitter in the nervous system and a signaling molecule in the gut, the skin, and the immune system. Histaminergic neurons in mammalian brain are located exclusively in the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus and send their axons all over the central nervous system. Active solely during waking, they maintain wakefulness and attention. Three of the four known histamine receptors and binding to glutamate NMDA receptors serve multiple functions in the brain, particularly control of excitability and plasticity. H1 and H2 receptor-mediated actions are mostly excitatory; H3 receptors act as inhibitory auto- and heteroreceptors. Mutual interactions with other transmitter systems form a network that links basic homeostatic and higher brain functions, including sleep-wake regulation, circadian and feeding rhythms, immunity, learning, and memory in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut L Haas
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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18
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Pekkonen E, Osipova D, Sauna-Aho O, Arvio M. Delayed auditory processing underlying stimulus detection in Down syndrome. Neuroimage 2007; 35:1547-50. [PMID: 17363283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by intellectual disability and development of dementia that are attributed to similar neuropathological features as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether DS patients have similar impairment of preattentive auditory processing as observed in AD. Sinusoidal tones were presented to DS patients and healthy controls, and evoked auditory evoked fields (AEF) were measured with a whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) system. Patients with DS had significantly delayed and attenuated N100m, and delayed but not attenuated P50m responses over both hemispheres. Present results indicate that preattentive auditory processing underlying stimulus detection is impaired in DS. Given that anticholinergic drugs modulate AEFs, degeneration of cholinergic system in DS could contribute to the damaged auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Pekkonen
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Mittheisz E, Seidl R, Prayer D, Waldenmair M, Neophytou B, Pötschger U, Minkov M, Steiner M, Prosch H, Wnorowski M, Gadner H, Grois N. Central nervous system-related permanent consequences in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007; 48:50-6. [PMID: 16470521 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permanent consequences in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are irreversible late sequelae related to the disease that may severely impair the quality of life of survivors. The frequency and pattern of permanent consequences affecting the central nervous system (CNS) remains to be determined. PROCEDURE In this single center study, 25 LCH patients observed for a median time of 10 years 3 months underwent a uniform thorough follow-up program including neuropsychological testing and electrophysiological evaluation. RESULTS Overall permanent consequences were seen in 9 of 25 patients. Intracranial abnormalities were the most frequent including diabetes insipidus (DI) in seven patients, anterior pituitary deficiencies in five patients, and neurodegenerative CNS disease in five patients. No patient had overt neurological symptoms upon neurological evaluation, but psychological testing revealed subtle deficits in short-term auditory memory (STAM) in 14 patients. Brain stem evoked potentials showed abnormalities in four of nine tested patients, all of these four had neurodegeneration on MRI. CONCLUSION Psychoneuroendocrine sequelae were found in an unexpectedly high number of patients in this single center study. Long-term follow-up focusing on such sequelae are important in LCH survivors, in order to detect early deficits, to monitor the evolution of the disease, and to provide specific support.
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Lalo E, Vercueil L, Bougerol T, Jouk PS, Debû B. Late event-related potentials and movement complexity in young adults with Down syndrome. Neurophysiol Clin 2005; 35:81-91. [PMID: 16087071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Through event-related potential (ERP) recording, to better understand the perceptive-motor slowness in adults with Down syndrome (DS); in particular, to assess whether motor preparation influences the speed of allocation of perceptual attention as reflected by the P3 latency. PATIENTS AND METHODS ERPs were obtained in adults with and without DS through an auditory oddball paradigm under a passive and two active (simple vs. complex motor response) conditions. Reaction times (RTs) were recorded in the two active conditions. RESULTS There was no influence of movement complexity on either RT or P3b latency in the control group. In the DS group, RT was delayed under simple vs. complex conditions whereas P3b latency was not affected. N2a and N2b were often missing in DS individuals. CONCLUSION Motor preparation processes per se rather than interaction with perceptual attention could be defective in individuals with DS when the motor component of the response is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lalo
- Université J. Fourier, Laboratoire Sport et Performance Motrice, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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21
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Yoshida H, Ichinose F, Yoshitake T, Nakano Y, Todoroki K, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Simultaneous Determination of Histamine and Histidine by Liquid Chromatography Following Intramolecular Excimer-forming Fluorescence Derivatization with Pyrene-labeling Reagent. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:557-9. [PMID: 15068305 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective fluorometric method for the determination of histamine and histidine has been developed. This method is based on an intramolecular excimer-forming fluorescence derivatization with a pyrene reagent followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The analytes, containing two amino moieties in a molecule, were converted to the corresponding dipyrene-labeled derivatives by derivatization. The derivatives afforded intramolecular excimer fluorescence (440 - 540 nm), which can clearly be discriminated from the normal fluorescence (360 - 420 nm) emitted from reagent blanks. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) were femto mole levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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22
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Camarata S, Yoder P. Language transactions during development and intervention: theoretical implications for developmental neuroscience. Int J Dev Neurosci 2002; 20:459-65. [PMID: 12175887 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(02)00044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent modeling of language development and intervention for children with disabilities has increasingly focused on the interactions between adults and children. These models have resulted in a number of recent advances in the behavioral treatment of language abilities in children with disabilities. Because these interventions are associated with substantial growth in a number of skills including speech, grammar and vocabulary, these paradigms may provide a useful model for studying neurological development of these aspects of language. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential neurodevelopmental ramifications of this type of theoretical model for facilitating language growth in children with and without disabilities. Indeed, because intervention can sometimes trigger rapid advances in language skills and presumably, associated neurological organization, this may prove to be a very useful paradigm for understanding the neurological correlates of language growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Camarata
- John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development, P.O. Box 40, Peabody College, Nashville, TN 37202, USA.
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23
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Kim SH, Krapfenbauer K, Cheon MS, Fountoulakis M, Cairns NJ, Lubec G. Human brain cytosolic histamine-N-methyltransferase is decreased in Down syndrome and increased in Pick's disease. Neurosci Lett 2002; 321:169-72. [PMID: 11880199 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Histamine-N-methyltransferase (HMT) inactivates the neurotransmitter histamine. Central histaminergic deficits may contribute to the cognitive impairment of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). However, there is no evidence for histaminergic deficits in Pick's disease (PiD). HMT levels were measured in the frontal cortex and cerebellum of brains of patients with AD, DS, and PiD, and normal aged subjects using proteomics techniques. In frontal cortex, HMT was significantly decreased in DS, but significantly increased in PiD compared with controls. HMT levels were comparable in cerebellum of all groups. Elevated HMT in PiD could lead to increased histamine degradation that in turn would be in agreement with impaired cognitive functions of PiD. Decreased HMT in DS would be compatible with findings of decreased histamine synthesis, thus reflecting a compensation mechanism to antagonize reduced synthesis by decreased degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kim SH, Cairns N, Fountoulakisc M, Lubec G. Decreased brain histamine-releasing factor protein in patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2001; 300:41-4. [PMID: 11172935 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Histamine-releasing factor (HRF) stimulates secretion of histamine that is widely distributed in brain and released as neurotransmitter. Several studies suggested that histaminergic deficits could contribute to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based upon deranged histamine metabolism in brain of patients with AD and Down Syndrome (DS), we aimed to study HRF in brain of AD and DS. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy and specific software to quantify HRF. HRF was significantly reduced in temporal cortex, thalamus and caudate nucleus of DS and in temporal cortex of AD as compared to controls. This is the first report to show decreased HRF brain levels in DS and AD suggesting the explanation for the decreased cognitive function in neurodegenerative/dementing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Hansenne M. [The p300 cognitive event-related potential. I. Theoretical and psychobiologic perspectives]. Neurophysiol Clin 2000; 30:191-210. [PMID: 11013894 DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(00)00223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The P300 is a positive wave which arises when an attended stimulus is detected. Its parameters depend on a number of variables, in particular the subject's mental state, the task that has to be accomplished, the significance of the stimulus, and the degree of attention. It can be recorded with accuracy, and the different stages of information processing can therefore be analyzed. The P300 wave shows the modifications in neuronal activity which take place during the cognitive process: P300 latency provides an indirect indication of the duration of the processes involved in stimulus discrimination while its amplitude, which is influenced by a number of variables, provides an index of the intensity of the energetic activation or arousal involved. The P300 wave consists of several components which reflect distinct information-processing events (P3a, P3b, P3e, P-SR, P-CR). According to the theoretical models, it is hypothesized that P300 could either represent the adaptation of the working memory to further environmental input ('context updating'), or indicate a closing process ('context closure') in information processing. As regards the physiological aspect of P300 and its association with cortical networks, various studies have suggested that several cortical generators of P300 may co-exist: the medial temporal lobe, the temporo-parietal junction, and the medial and lateral frontal lobe. Psychopharmacological studies have shown that different neurotransmitter systems are involved in the generation and modulation of P300, namely the cholinergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic and gabaergic systems. It appears that the noradrenergic agonists increase the amplitude of P300, dopaminergic agonists may have a biphasic effect (increase/reduction), while cholinergic antagonists and gabaergic agonists reduce P300 amplitude and prolong its latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hansenne
- Université de Liège, service de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale, CHU du Sart-Tilman (B35), Belgique
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26
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Javitt DC, Jayachandra M, Lindsley RW, Specht CM, Schroeder CE. Schizophrenia-like deficits in auditory P1 and N1 refractoriness induced by the psychomimetic agent phencyclidine (PCP). Clin Neurophysiol 2000; 111:833-6. [PMID: 10802454 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The amplitude of the cortically generated auditory event-related potential (ERP) components P1 and N1 decreases as the interval between successive stimuli (ISI) decreases. Although the phenomenon of P1 and N1 refractoriness is well established, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study investigates P1 and N1 refractoriness in the awake monkey in order to investigate underlying mechanisms. METHODS Auditory ERP were obtained in response to repetitive auditory stimuli presented at 5 levels of ISI between 150 ms and 9 s, prior to and following administration of the selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist phencyclidine (PCP). RESULTS P1 and N1 amplitude declined in monkeys with decreasing ISI, with similar temporal characteristics to that observed in humans. PCP inhibited P1 and N1 generation at long, but not short, ISI producing a pattern similar to that recently observed in schizophrenic subjects. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that the primate P1/N1 model may be useful for investigating mechanisms underlying impaired information processing in schizophrenia, and that NMDA receptor dysfunction may play a key role in information processing dysfunction associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Javitt
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, USA.
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27
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Karrer JH, Karrer R, Bloom D, Chaney L, Davis R. Event-related brain potentials during an extended visual recognition memory task depict delayed development of cerebral inhibitory processes among 6-month-old infants with Down syndrome. Int J Psychophysiol 1998; 29:167-200. [PMID: 9664227 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(98)00015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of cerebral inhibitory processes among individuals with Down syndrome (DS) may be delayed at an early age. In support of this hypothesis, sensory-evoked potentials (EPs) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) have previously delineated altered habituation to stimuli among infants with DS. The purpose of the current study was to provide extended experience with visual stimuli among 6-month-old infants with and without DS (nDS) to determine if altered ERP and behavioral response decrements would be evident even after repeated presentations of stimuli. An 80/20% oddball paradigm was employed. Infants with DS and nDS were matched according to age and gender. Infants with DS demonstrated significantly larger Nc areas, Nc peak amplitudes, Nc2 areas and, inversely, significantly smaller peak Pb amplitudes when compared to infants nDS. Contrasts of the two study groups were most robust within ERP measures from frontal (Fz) and parietal (Pz) recording sites. Infants with DS also demonstrated a significantly slower decrement of most ERP components with repetitive stimulus experience. Most noteworthy was the observation of little or no decrement of ERP components at Fz among infants with DS. Both infants with DS and nDS demonstrated significantly larger Nc peak amplitudes, Nc areas, Nc2 areas, Pb peak amplitudes and NSW areas to rare stimuli. While significant probability and experiential trends were observed in visual fixation measures across both study groups, there were no significant differences of visual attention between infants with DS or nDS. These data demonstrate the value of ERPs within the study of atypical cognitive development during infancy and support the concept of altered inhibitory processes in the brain of infants with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Karrer
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Smith Mental Retardation and Human Development Research Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
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