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Deng X, Zhu Y, Dai P, Yu M, Chen L, Zhu C, You X, Li L, Zeng Y. Three polypeptides screened from phage display random peptide library may be the receptor polypeptide of Mycoplasma genitalium adhesion protein. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Iverson-Cabral SL, Wood GE, Totten PA. Analysis of the Mycoplasma genitalium MgpB Adhesin to Predict Membrane Topology, Investigate Antibody Accessibility, Characterize Amino Acid Diversity, and Identify Functional and Immunogenic Epitopes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138244. [PMID: 26381903 PMCID: PMC4575044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen and is associated with reproductive tract disease that can be chronic in nature despite the induction of a strong antibody response. Persistent infection exacerbates the likelihood of transmission, increases the risk of ascension to the upper tract, and suggests that M. genitalium may possess immune evasion mechanism(s). Antibodies from infected patients predominantly target the MgpB adhesin, which is encoded by a gene that recombines with homologous donor sequences, thereby generating sequence variation within and among strains. We have previously characterized mgpB heterogeneity over the course of persistent infection and have correlated the induction of variant-specific antibodies with the loss of that particular variant from the infected host. In the current study, we examined the membrane topology, antibody accessibility, distribution of amino acid diversity, and the location of functional and antigenic epitopes within the MgpB adhesin. Our results indicate that MgpB contains a single transmembrane domain, that the majority of the protein is surface exposed and antibody accessible, and that the attachment domain is located within the extracellular C-terminus. Not unexpectedly, amino acid diversity was concentrated within and around the three previously defined variable regions (B, EF, and G) of MgpB; while nonsynonymous mutations were twice as frequent as synonymous mutations in regions B and G, region EF had equal numbers of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations. Interestingly, antibodies produced during persistent infection reacted predominantly with the conserved C-terminus and variable region B. In contrast, infection-induced antibodies reacted poorly with the N-terminus, variable regions EF and G, and intervening conserved regions despite the presence of predicted B cell epitopes. Overall, this study provides an important foundation to define how different segments of the MgpB adhesin contribute to functionality, variability, and immunogenicity during persistent M. genitalium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L. Iverson-Cabral
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gwendolyn E. Wood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Totten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, Pathobiology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Zeng Y, Liu L, He J, Liu Y, Zhu C, You X, Wu Y. Screening and identification of the mimic epitope of the adhesion protein of Mycoplasma genitalium. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:898-908. [DOI: 10.1139/w2012-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium adhesion protein (MgPa) is the major adhesion protein of M. genitalium, and its C-terminal domain (amino acid 1075–1444) is the most immunogenic region. However, the exact epitopes of the adhesion protein of M. genitalium are still unclear. We used the purified polyclonal antibody against the recombinant adhesion protein to screen the mimic epitopes of MgPa using a random 12-peptide phage display library. Immunoscreening via the phage display peptide library revealed that 3 motifs (P-S-A-A/V-X-R-F/W-E/S-L-S-P, A-K-I/L-T/Q-X-T-L-X-L, and K-S-L-S-R-X-D-X-I) may represent 3 different mimotopes of MgPa. Results of bioinformatics analysis by MIMOX demonstrated that the key consensus amino acid residues in the aligned mimotopes may be S, A, and F for cluster 1; A, K, I, T, and L for cluster 2; and K, S, L, R, D, and I for cluster 3. Three representative phages could recognize sera from M. genitalium-positive patients to varying degrees, whereas they could not recognize the sera from Mycoplasma pneumoniae -positive patients or the sera from healthy people. These findings will help to clarify the mimic epitopes of MgPa to facilitate diagnosis of the antigen and to understand the antigenic structure of MgPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangzhuan Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiming Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China
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Svenstrup HF, Jensen JS, Gevaert K, Birkelund S, Christiansen G. Identification and characterization of immunogenic proteins of mycoplasma genitalium. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:913-22. [PMID: 16893992 PMCID: PMC1539121 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00048-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium causes nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis. M. genitalium was detected by PCR in 17 urethral swabs obtained from 99 men with and without urethritis (J. S. Jensen, R. Orsum, B. Dohn, S. Uldum, A. M. Worm, and K. Lind, Genitourin. Med. 69:265-269, 1993), and later, four M. genitalium strains were isolated (J. S. Jensen, H. T. Hansen, and K. Lind, J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:286-291, 1996). The objective of this study was to characterize immunogenic proteins of M. genitalium by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting by using a hyperimmune rabbit serum against M. genitalium G37, determine their identity by mass spectrometry, and develop an M. genitalium-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) free from cross-reactivity with M. pneumoniae antibodies. Using recombinant fragments of the C-terminal part of MgPa (rMgPa), we developed a specific ELISA for detection of M. genitalium antibodies. This antigen did not bind M. pneumoniae antibodies. Using serum samples from the 99 men with and without urethritis, we found that 26 had immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to M. genitalium. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between PCR and IgG antibodies to M. genitalium (odds ratio [OR], 5.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3 to 21.5; P = 0.002). Furthermore, men with recurrent urethritis were more likely to have antibodies to M. genitalium than were those without recurrent urethritis (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.1 to 14.5; P = 0.0383) and they had significantly higher antibody titers. By use of the rMgPa ELISA, this study further substantiates the importance of M. genitalium as a cause of male urethritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Friis Svenstrup
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Bartholin Building, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Keeler CL, Hnatow LL, Whetzel PL, Dohms JE. Cloning and characterization of a putative cytadhesin gene (mgc1) from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infect Immun 1996; 64:1541-7. [PMID: 8613358 PMCID: PMC173959 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.5.1541-1547.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A 150-kDa cytadhesin-like protein from Mycoplasma gallisepticum has been identified. A previously described 583-bp fragment (J.E. Dohms, L.L. Hnatow, P. Whetzel, R. Morgan and C.L. Keeler, Jr., Avian Dis. 37:380-388, 1993) was used to probe a genomic library of M. gallisepticum DNA. An 8.0-kb SacI fragment was identified, cloned, and partially sequenced. Analysis of the resulting 3,750-bp sequence revealed the presence of a 3,366-nucleotide open reading frame, mgc1. The 1,122-amino-acid protein encoded by this open reading frame, MGC1, has characteristics of a class I membrane protein and has homology with the MgPa cytadhesin of Mycoplasma genitalium (26.3%) and the P1 cytadhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (28.7%). A portion of MGC1 was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and used to produce antiserum in rabbits. The antiserum recognizes a 150-kDa protein from M. gallisepticum. The protein is sensitive to trypsin, confirming that it is surface exposed. Primer extension analysis indicates that the mgc1 RNA starts within an upstream open reading frame, suggesting complex control of its expression. This is the first description of a functional gene from M. gallisepticum showing homology to cytadhesin genes from human mycoplasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Keeler
- Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19717-1303, USA.
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Tham TN, Ferris S, Bahraoui E, Canarelli S, Montagnier L, Blanchard A. Molecular characterization of the P1-like adhesin gene from Mycoplasma pirum. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:781-8. [PMID: 8300531 PMCID: PMC205115 DOI: 10.1128/jb.176.3.781-788.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A DNA fragment has been isolated from the genome of Mycoplasma pirum by use of a genetic probe derived from the conserved region within the genes for the major adhesins of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A gene encoding an adhesin-like polypeptide was localized, and sequence analysis indicated a G + C content of only 28%, with A- and T-rich codons being preferentially used. A total of 91% of positions 3 were either A or T. The deduced polypeptide is 1,144 amino acids long (126 kDa) and shows 26% identity with the adhesins of M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae. Other features in common with these two membrane proteins include a similar hydropathic profile and a proline-rich C terminus. Antibodies were prepared by using as an immunogen a peptide derived from the C terminus of the M. pirum adhesin-like polypeptide and were found to recognize on immunoblots a 126-kDa polypeptide from an M. pirum cellular extract. The characterization of the adhesin-like gene is a first step toward a better understanding of the mechanisms allowing this human mycoplasma to attach to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tham
- Departement du SIDA et des Rétrovirus, Oncologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Sachse K, Pfützner H, Heller M, Hänel I. Inhibition of Mycoplasma bovis cytadherence by a monoclonal antibody and various carbohydrate substances. Vet Microbiol 1993; 36:307-16. [PMID: 7505986 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90097-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of Mycoplasma bovis to permanent embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells was studied in order to identify factors participating in the adhesion process. A monoclonal antibody directed against a 26 kDa protein of M. bovis was shown to reduce cytadherence of strains 120 and 454 by 46% and 70%, respectively. In uninhibited assays, strain 120 which exhibits an intense 26 kDa band in electrophoretic protein patterns adhered more strongly to EBL cell monolayers than strain 454 whose corresponding band is considerably weaker. The findings indicate involvement of the 26 kDa protein in M. bovis adherence. In further inhibition experiments, the ability of N-acetyl-neuraminlactose, glycophorin and dextran sulfate to significantly reduce adherence could be demonstrated. This suggests participation of sialic acid residues and probably also sulfatide groups as binding receptors. The data point to a complex adhesion mechanism with similarities to M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sachse
- Research Institute for Bacterial Animal Diseases, Jena, Germany
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Jacobs E, Watter T, Schaefer HE, Bredt W. Comparison of host responses after intranasal infection of guinea-pigs with Mycoplasma genitalium or with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 1991; 10:221-9. [PMID: 1895924 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(91)90056-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Guinea-pigs were infected intranasally with Mycoplasma genitalium or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The lung lesions produced by the two mycoplasmas were comparable in extent and histological pattern. Sera of both animal groups taken 2 weeks after infection reacted strongly in the complement fixation test with the M. pneumoniae glycolipid extract. In an ELISA using the respective adherence proteins (P1-protein of M. pneumoniae and MgPa of M. genitalium), strong specific activity, but also considerable cross-reactions were found. Epitope analysis by using overlapping octapeptides of a P1-region immunologically active in human M. pneumoniae infections and of the corresponding MgPa-region revealed six common epitopes but also one M. genitalium and two M. pneumoniae specific determinants. For analysis of a possible pathogenicity of M. genitalium in the human respiratory tract species-specific tests have to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jacobs
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Germany
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