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Matsushima Y, Hattori M, Tanaka A, Furubayashi T, Sakane T. Changes in Tablet Color Due to Light Irradiation: Photodegradation of the Coating Polymer, Hypromellose, by Titanium Dioxide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:26. [PMID: 38273054 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The color of the tablets and capsules produced by pharmaceutical companies is important from the perspectives of product branding and counterfeiting. According to some studies, light can change tablet color during storage. In this study, tablets comprising amlodipine besylate (AB), a well-known light-sensitive drug, were coated with commonly used coating materials and exposed to light. Compared to the tablets that were not exposed to light, the color of those exposed to light changed over time. In fact, a faster and more pronounced color change was observed in the tablets exposed to light; however, the amount of AB did not decrease significantly in these tablets. The coating materials and their amounts were varied to clarify the materials involved in the color change. Based on the results, titanium dioxide and hypromellose may be involved in the color change process. As titanium dioxide is a photocatalyst, it may induce or promote chemical changes in hypromellose upon light irradiation. Overall, care should be exercised during selection of the coating polymer because titanium dioxide may promote photodegradation of the coatings while protecting the tablet's active ingredient from light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushima
- Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 26-7, Ichiban-Cho, Kadoma, Osaka, 571-0033, Japan.
| | - Masaki Hattori
- Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 26-7, Ichiban-Cho, Kadoma, Osaka, 571-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
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Swathy KK, Sarath Chandran C, Mukundan M, Sreejith KR, Sourav K, Jafna MC, Mukund AV, Kappally S, Nair RS, Joseph J. Optimised neem oil-bilayer tablets: A safe, effective and stable tool for the prevention of vector-borne disease outbreaks by Aedes albopictus. Exp Parasitol 2023; 251:108550. [PMID: 37230323 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The control of mosquito breeding is an essential step towards the reduction of vector-borne disease outbreaks. Synthetic larvicidal agents produce resistance in vectors and cause safety concerns in humans, animals and aquatic species. The drawback of synthetic larvicides opened a new avenue for natural larvicidal agents, but poor dosage accuracy, need for frequent applications, low stability and sustainability are the major challenges with them. Hence, this investigation aimed to overcome those drawbacks by developing bilayer tablets loaded with neem oil to prevent mosquito breeding in stagnant water. The optimised batch of neem oil-bilayer tablets (ONBT) had 65%w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M and 80%w/w ethylcellulose in its composition. After the completion of 4th week, 91.98 ± 0.871% azadirachtin was released from the ONBT, which was followed by a subsequent drop in the in vitro release. ONBT reported long-term larvicidal efficacy (>75%) and a good deterrent effect which was better than neem oil-based marketed products. The acute toxicity study on a non-target fish model (Poecilia reticulata), OECD Test No.203 confirmed the safety of the ONBT on non-target aquatic species. The accelerated stability studies predicted a good stability profile for the ONBT. The neem oil-based bilayer tablets can be used as an effective tool for the control of vector-borne diseases in society. The product may be a safe, effective and eco-friendly replacement for the existing synthetic as well as natural products in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Swathy
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, 670 503, India.
| | - C Sarath Chandran
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, 670 503, India.
| | - Minil Mukundan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, 670 503, India.
| | - K R Sreejith
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, 670 503, India.
| | - K Sourav
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, 670 503, India.
| | - M C Jafna
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, 670 503, India.
| | - Abhila V Mukund
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, 670 503, India.
| | - Shijina Kappally
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rajesh Sreedharan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jim Joseph
- Sance Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Pala, Kottayam, 686 573, Kerala, India.
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Statistical Design of Experiments Using R Program for the Optimization of an Extended-Release Neem Oil Matrix Tablet. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carvalho TC, La Cruz TE, Tábora JE. A photochemical kinetic model for solid dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 120:63-72. [PMID: 28834735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical kinetic models to describe the solution phase degradation of pharmaceutical compounds have been extensively reported, but formalisms applicable to the solid phase under polychromatic light have not received as much attention. The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model to describe the solid state photodegradation of pharmaceutical powder materials under different area/volumetric scales and light exposure conditions. The model considered the previous formalism presented for photodegradation kinetics in solution phase with important elements applied to static powder material being irradiated with a polychromatic light source. The model also included the influence of optical phenomena (i.e. reflectance, scattering factors, etc.) by applying Beer-Lambert law to light attenuation, including effects of powder density. Drug substance and drug product intermediates (blends and tablet cores) were exposed to different light sources and intensities. The model reasonably predicted the photodegradation levels of powder beds of drug substance and drug product intermediates under white and yellow lights with intensities around 5-11kLux. Importantly, the model estimates demonstrated that the reciprocity law for photoreactions was held. Further model evaluation showed that, due to light attenuation, the powder bed is in virtual darkness at cake depths greater than 500μm. At 100μm, the photodegradation of the investigated compound is expected to be close to 100% in 10days under white fluorescent halophosphate light at 9.5kLux. For tablets, defining the volume over exposed surface area ratio is more challenging. Nevertheless, the model can consider a bracket between worst and best cases to provide a reasonable photodegradation estimate. This tool can be significantly leveraged to simulate different light exposure scenarios while assessing photostability risk in order to define appropriate control strategy in manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Carvalho
- Drug Product Science & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., One Squibb Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Thomas E La Cruz
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., One Squibb Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jose E Tábora
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., One Squibb Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Fujimoto Y, Hirai N, Takatani-Nakase T, Takahashi K. Photostable Solid Dispersion of Nifedipine by Porous Calcium Silicate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 64:1218-21. [PMID: 27477662 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nifedipine (NIF) is a typical light-sensitive drug requiring protection from light during manufacture, storage, and handling of its dosage forms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of porous calcium silicate (PCS) for maintaining the photostability of NIF in a solid dispersion formulation. Adsorption solid dispersion (ASD) prepared using NIF and PCS as an amorphous formulation was more stable to light irradiation than a physical mixture of NIF and microcrystalline cellulose (a control physical mixture) as a crystalline formulation. In addition, PCS in physical mixtures with NIF adequately protected NIF from photodegradation, suggesting that this protective effect could be because of some screening effect by the porous structure of PCS blocking the passage of light reaching NIF in pores of PCS. These findings suggest that PCS is useful for improving the solubility and photostability of NIF in solid dispersion formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Fujimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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Carvalho TC, Escotet ML, Lin J, Sprockel OL. Assessing impact of manufacturing and package configurations to photosensitive compounds. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:936-44. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C. Carvalho
- Drug Product Science & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., New Brunswick, NJ, USA and
| | - Megerle L. Escotet
- Drug Product Science & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., New Brunswick, NJ, USA and
| | - Judy Lin
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Omar L. Sprockel
- Drug Product Science & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., New Brunswick, NJ, USA and
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Abstract
Abstract
Hypromellose, formerly known as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), is by far the most commonly employed cellulose ether used in the fabrication of hydrophilic matrices. Hypromellose provides the release of a drug in a controlled manner, effectively increasing the duration of release of a drug to prolong its therapeutic effect. This review provides a current insight into hypromellose and its applicability to hydrophilic matrices in order to highlight the basic parameters that affect its performance. Topics covered include the chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of hypromellose, hydration of the polymer matrices, the mechanism of drug release and the influence of tablet geometry on drug-release rate. The inclusion of drug-release modifiers within hypromellose matrices, the effects of dissolution media and the influence of both the external environment and microenvironment pH within the gel matrix on the properties of the polymer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi L Li
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutical Development, New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK
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Ochoa Machiste E, Segale L, Conti S, Fasani E, Albini A, Conte U, Maggi L. Effect of UV light exposure on hydrophilic polymers used as drug release modulators in solid dosage forms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(05)50020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The need for pædiatric formulation: oral administration of nifedipine in children, a proof of concept. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(05)50056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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