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Wojtyłko M, Froelich A, Jadach B. Hypromellose-, Gelatin- and Gellan Gum-Based Gel Films with Chlorhexidine for Potential Application in Oral Inflammatory Diseases. Gels 2024; 10:265. [PMID: 38667684 PMCID: PMC11048945 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is constantly exposed to contact with an external environment. Pathogens can easily access and colonize it, causing a number of medical conditions that are usually accompanied by inflammation, which in turn require medical intervention and cause the deterioration of wellbeing. The aim of this study was to obtain polymer films that could be a carrier for chlorhexidine, an active substance used in the treatment of inflammation in the oral cavity, and at the same time act as a dressing for the application on the mucous membrane. Combinations of three biocompatible and biodegradable polymers were used to prepare the films. The obtained samples were characterized by assessing their water loss after drying, swelling ability, hygroscopicity and tensile strength. It was shown that the mixture of HPMC and gellan gum or gelatin could be used to prepare transparent, flexible polymer films with chlorhexidine. All tested films showed high hygroscopicity and swelling ability. However, it was observed that the composition containing gellan gum was more suitable for obtaining films with prolonged stay at the site of administration, which predisposes it to the role of a local dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wojtyłko
- 3D Printing Division, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Froelich
- 3D Printing Division, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Division of Industrial Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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2
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Ojsteršek T, Vrečer F, Hudovornik G. Comparative Fitting of Mathematical Models to Carvedilol Release Profiles Obtained from Hypromellose Matrix Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:498. [PMID: 38675159 PMCID: PMC11053526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The mathematical models available in DDSolver were applied to experimental dissolution data obtained by analysing carvedilol release from hypromellose (HPMC)-based matrix tablets. Different carvedilol release profiles were generated by varying a comprehensive selection of fillers and carvedilol release modifiers in the formulation. Model fitting was conducted for the entire relevant dissolution data, as determined by using a paired t-test, and independently for dissolution data up to approximately 60% of carvedilol released. The best models were selected based on the residual sum of squares (RSS) results used as a general measure of goodness of fit, along with the utilization of various criteria for visual assessment of model fit and determination of the acceptability of estimated model parameters indicating burst release or lag time concerning experimental dissolution results and previous research. In addition, a model-dependent analysis of carvedilol release mechanisms was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Ojsteršek
- KRKA, d. d., 8501 Novo Mesto, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Vrečer
- KRKA, d. d., 8501 Novo Mesto, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Gagliano C, Zeppieri M, Longo A, Rubegni G, Amato R, Foti R, Cappellani F, Cocuzza M, Visalli F, Cannizzaro L, Avitabile A, Gagliano G, Lapenna L, D’Esposito F. Efficacy and Safety of Artificial Tears Containing Lipidure and Hypromellose for the Treatment of Moderate Dry Eye Disease in Contact Lens Wearers. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:287. [PMID: 38399574 PMCID: PMC10890511 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) affects 5-50% of the global population and deeply influences everyday life activities. This study compared the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of novel Respilac artificial tears containing lipidure and hypromellose (HPMC) with the widely used Nextal artificial tears, which are also HPMC-based, for the treatment of moderate DED in contact lenses (CL) wearers. Materials and Methods: In a prospective, single-center, randomized investigation, 30 patients aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with moderate DED, and wearing CL were randomly assigned to the Respilac (n = 15) or Nextal group (n = 15). Patients self-administrated one drop of Respilac or Nextal in both eyes three times daily for 21 days. Changes in the endpoint (visual analogue scale (VAS) score for ocular tolerability, symptom assessment in dry eye (SANDE) score, non-invasive first break-up time (NIF-BUT) results, tear analysis value, meibography results, and CL tolerability results were assessed, comparing treatment groups and time-point evaluations. Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded and evaluated. Results: VAS scores decreased with time (p < 0.001) in both groups, showing no statistically significant difference among them (p = 0.13). Improvements were also detected from screening to end-of-treatment, which were indicated by the SANDE scores for severity and frequency (p < 0.001) and by tear analysis results (p < 0.001) with no observed difference between the Nextal and Respilac arms. NIF-BUT, meibography, and CL tolerability values were shown to be non-significantly affected by treatment and time. There were no AEs detected in this study cohort. Conclusions: Respilac was confirmed to be effective, safe, and well-tolerated. Lipidure-based ophthalmic solution was shown not to be inferior to the currently used Nextal, however, showing improvements in DED symptoms. Within the existing literature, our study is one of the first to report that MPC plus HPMC-containing eye drops are an effective option for the treatment of moderate dry eye disease and desiccation damage prevention in contact lens wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Piazza Università, 95123 Catania, Italy (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanni Rubegni
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Piazza Università, 95123 Catania, Italy (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Amato
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Foti
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappellani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Piazza Università, 95123 Catania, Italy (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Willis Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Massimiliano Cocuzza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Piazza Università, 95123 Catania, Italy (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Federico Visalli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Piazza Università, 95123 Catania, Italy (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Ludovica Cannizzaro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Piazza Università, 95123 Catania, Italy (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Avitabile
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Piazza Università, 95123 Catania, Italy (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Piazza Università, 95123 Catania, Italy (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Lucia Lapenna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Di Venere’s Hospital of Bari, Via Ospedale di Venere, 1, 70012 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabiana D’Esposito
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Imperial College, London NW1 5QH, UK
- GENOFTA Srl, Sant’Agnello, 80065 Naples, Italy
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Matsushima Y, Hattori M, Tanaka A, Furubayashi T, Sakane T. Changes in Tablet Color Due to Light Irradiation: Photodegradation of the Coating Polymer, Hypromellose, by Titanium Dioxide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:26. [PMID: 38273054 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The color of the tablets and capsules produced by pharmaceutical companies is important from the perspectives of product branding and counterfeiting. According to some studies, light can change tablet color during storage. In this study, tablets comprising amlodipine besylate (AB), a well-known light-sensitive drug, were coated with commonly used coating materials and exposed to light. Compared to the tablets that were not exposed to light, the color of those exposed to light changed over time. In fact, a faster and more pronounced color change was observed in the tablets exposed to light; however, the amount of AB did not decrease significantly in these tablets. The coating materials and their amounts were varied to clarify the materials involved in the color change. Based on the results, titanium dioxide and hypromellose may be involved in the color change process. As titanium dioxide is a photocatalyst, it may induce or promote chemical changes in hypromellose upon light irradiation. Overall, care should be exercised during selection of the coating polymer because titanium dioxide may promote photodegradation of the coatings while protecting the tablet's active ingredient from light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushima
- Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 26-7, Ichiban-Cho, Kadoma, Osaka, 571-0033, Japan.
| | - Masaki Hattori
- Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 26-7, Ichiban-Cho, Kadoma, Osaka, 571-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
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5
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Zheng Z, Su Y, Schmidt-Rohr K. Corrected solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance peak assignment and side-group quantification of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetyl succinate pharmaceutical excipients. Magn Reson Chem 2023; 61:595-605. [PMID: 37649159 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetyl succinate (HPMCAS) is widely used as a pharmaceutical excipient, making a detailed understanding of its tunable structure important for formulation design. Several recently reported peak assignments in the solid-state 13 C NMR spectrum of HPMCAS have been corrected here using peak integrals in quantitative spectra, spectral editing, empirical chemical-shift predictions based on solution NMR, and full spectrum simulation analogous to deconvolution. Unlike in cellulose, the strong peak at 84 ppm must be assigned to C2 and C3 methyl ethers, instead of regular C4 of cellulose. The proposed assignment of signals at <65 ppm to OCH sites, including C5 of cellulose, could not be confirmed. CH2 spectral editing showed two resolved OCH2 bands, a more intense one from O-CH2 ethers of C6 at >69 ppm and a smaller one from its esters and possibly residual CH2 -OH groups, near 63 ppm. The strong intensities of resolved signals of acetyl, succinoyl, and oxypropyl substituents indicated the substitution of >85% of the OH groups in HPMCAS. The side-group concentrations in three different grades of HPMCAS were quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Mawla N, Alshafiee M, Gamble J, Tobyn M, Liu L, Walton K, Conway BR, Timmins P, Asare-Addo K. Comparative Evaluation of the Powder and Tableting Properties of Regular and Direct Compression Hypromellose from Different Vendors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2154. [PMID: 37631368 PMCID: PMC10459357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypromellose, a widely used polymer in the pharmaceutical industry, is available in several grades, depending on the percentage of substitution of the methoxyl and hydroxypropyl groups and molecular weight, and in various functional forms (e.g., suitable for direct compression tableting). These differences can affect their physicomechanical properties, and so this study aims to characterise the particle size and mechanical properties of HPMC K100M polymer grades from four different vendors. Eight polymers (CR and DC grades) were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy automated image analysis particle characterisation to examine the powder's particle morphology and particle size distribution. Bulk density, tapped density, and true density of the materials were also analysed. Flow was determined using a shear cell tester. Flat-faced polymer compacts were made at five different compression forces and the mechanical properties of the compacts were evaluated to give an indication of the powder's capacity to form a tablet with desirable strength under specific pressures. The results indicated that the CR grades of the polymers displayed a smaller particle size and better mechanical properties compared to the DC grade HPMC K100M polymers. The DC grades, however, had better flow properties than their CR counterparts. The results also suggested some similarities and differences between some of the polymers from the different vendors despite the similarity in substitution level, reminding the user that care and consideration should be given when substitution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Mawla
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (N.M.); (M.A.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Maen Alshafiee
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (N.M.); (M.A.); (B.R.C.)
| | - John Gamble
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Moreton, Merseyside CH46 1QW, UK; (J.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mike Tobyn
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Moreton, Merseyside CH46 1QW, UK; (J.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Lande Liu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Karl Walton
- EPSRC Future Metrology Hub, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (N.M.); (M.A.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Peter Timmins
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (N.M.); (M.A.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (N.M.); (M.A.); (B.R.C.)
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7
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Kruk K, Szekalska M, Basa A, Winnicka K. The Impact of Hypromellose on Pharmaceutical Properties of Alginate Microparticles as Novel Drug Carriers for Posaconazole. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10793. [PMID: 37445975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a group of diseases which are challenging to treat because of drug-resistant fungi species, drug toxicity, and often severe patient conditions. Hence, research into new treatments, including new therapeutic substances and novel drug delivery systems, is being performed. Mucoadhesive dosage forms are beneficial to improving drug bioavailability by prolonging the residence time at the site of application. Sodium alginate is a natural polymer with favorable mucoadhesive and gelling properties, although its precipitation in acidic pH significantly disrupts the process of drug release in gastric conditions. Hypromellose is a hydrophilic, semi-synthetic cellulose derivative with mucoadhesive properties, which is widely used as a control release agent in pharmaceutical technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hypromellose on alginate microparticles with posaconazole, designed to modify drug release and to improve their mucoadhesive properties for both oral or vaginal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kruk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Basa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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8
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Ojsteršek T, Hudovornik G, Vrečer F. Comparative Study of Selected Excipients' Influence on Carvedilol Release from Hypromellose Matrix Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051525. [PMID: 37242767 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dosage forms based on hypromellose (HPMC) with prolonged/extended drug release are very important from the research and industrial viewpoint. In the present research, the influence of selected excipients on carvedilol release performance from HPMC-based matrix tablets was studied. A comprehensive group of selected excipients was used within the same experimental setup, including different grades of excipients. Compression mixtures were directly compressed using constant compression speed and main compression force. LOESS modelling was used for a detailed comparison of carvedilol release profiles via estimating burst release, lag time, and times at which a certain % of carvedilol was released from the tablets. The overall similarity between obtained carvedilol release profiles was estimated using the bootstrapped similarity factor (f2). In the group of water-soluble carvedilol release modifying excipients, which produced relatively fast carvedilol release profiles, POLYOXᵀᴹ WSR N-80 and Polyglykol® 8000 P demonstrated the best carvedilol release control, and in the group of water-insoluble carvedilol release modifying excipients, which produced relatively slow carvedilol release profiles, AVICEL® PH-102 and AVICEL® PH-200 performed best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Ojsteršek
- KRKA, d. d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8501 Novo Mesto, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Grega Hudovornik
- KRKA, d. d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8501 Novo Mesto, Slovenia
| | - Franc Vrečer
- KRKA, d. d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8501 Novo Mesto, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Weng J, Fink MK, Sharma A. A Critical Appraisal of the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Effects of Artificial Tear Ingredients and Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032758. [PMID: 36769079 PMCID: PMC9917348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease is among the most prevalent diseases affecting the ocular surface. Artificial tears remain the cornerstone therapy for its management. There are currently a wide variety of marketed artificial tears available to choose from. These artificial tears differ significantly in their composition and formulation. This article reviews the physicochemical and biological properties of artificial tear components and how these characteristics determine their use and efficacy in the management of dry eye. Furthermore, this article also discusses the various formulations of artificial tears such as macro and nanoemulsion and the type of preservatives present in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Weng
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Michael K. Fink
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-714-516-5498
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10
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Dular Vovko A, Hodžić B, Brec T, Hudovornik G, Vrečer F. Influence of Formulation Factors, Process Parameters, and Selected Quality Attributes on Carvedilol Release from Roller-Compacted Hypromellose-Based Matrix Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:876. [PMID: 35456710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of roller compaction is recently increasing. This study evaluates the combined effects of formulation factors, process parameters, and selected quality attributes on drug release from roller-compacted hypromellose-based matrix tablets containing carvedilol as a model drug. The influence of selected factors was statistically assessed and good predictive models were developed for various time points of the release profile. The results show that the release profile is mostly affected by the particle size distribution of granules and roll speed. This indicates that the roller compaction process has a major impact on drug release, which is also formulation dependent. A higher d50 and lower d90 value of spatial filtering technique-based particle size distribution results, a lower roll speed, increased hypromellose content, using microcrystalline cellulose as a filler, and higher tablet hardness, resulted in a decrease in the drug release rate. On the other hand, the effect of the roll pressure, size of screen apertures, and d10 values on drug release was insignificant. The significance of the factors was further explained by granule shape, their porosity, and friability evaluation, and by compressibility and compactibility studies of compression mixtures. Additionally, the spatial filtering technique demonstrated to be a promising tool in controlling the roller compaction process.
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11
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Nirwan JS, Lou S, Hussain S, Nauman M, Hussain T, Conway BR, Ghori MU. Electrically Tunable Lens (ETL)-Based Variable Focus Imaging System for Parametric Surface Texture Analysis of Materials. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 13:17. [PMID: 35056182 PMCID: PMC8778955 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) are those with the ability to alter their optical power in response to an electric signal. This feature allows such systems to not only image the areas of interest but also obtain spatial depth perception (depth of field, DOF). The aim of the present study was to develop an ETL-based imaging system for quantitative surface analysis. Firstly, the system was calibrated to achieve high depth resolution, warranting the accurate measurement of the depth and to account for and correct any influences from external factors on the ETL. This was completed using the Tenengrad operator which effectively identified the plane of best focus as demonstrated by the linear relationship between the control current applied to the ETL and the height at which the optical system focuses. The system was then employed to measure amplitude, spatial, hybrid, and volume surface texture parameters of a model material (pharmaceutical dosage form) which were validated against the parameters obtained using a previously validated surface texture analysis technique, optical profilometry. There were no statistically significant differences between the surface texture parameters measured by the techniques, highlighting the potential application of ETL-based imaging systems as an easily adaptable and low-cost alternative surface texture analysis technique to conventional microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorabar Singh Nirwan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (J.S.N.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Shan Lou
- EPSRC Future Metrology Hub, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Saqib Hussain
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA;
| | - Muhammad Nauman
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
| | - Tariq Hussain
- System Engineering Department, Military Technological College, Muscat 111, Oman;
- The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solid Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (J.S.N.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (J.S.N.); (B.R.C.)
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Contreras-Salinas H, Barajas-Hernández M, Baiza-Durán LM, Orozco-Ceja V, Rodríguez-Herrera LY. Real-Life Active Surveillance of a Naphazoline/ Hypromellose Fixed Combination's Safety Profile in Peruvian Population. Integr Pharm Res Pract 2021; 10:127-133. [PMID: 34703789 PMCID: PMC8528543 DOI: 10.2147/iprp.s332421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Identifying the adverse reactions and the possible risks associated with the use of naphazoline 0.1% + hypromellose 0.5% (NAPH), thereby evaluating its tolerability and safety profile. Methods A total of 236 Peruvian patients were included in an active pharmacovigilance study drug event monitoring consisting in 2 phone calls conducted in order to register adverse drug reactions (ADRs), the product’s tolerability and to assess the risk concerning specific clinical and demographic characteristics using a binary logistic regression model. Results A total of 54 ADRs (one per patient) were reported after the use of NAPH; classified (according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities) into two groups of System Organ Class (SOC): eye disorders and nervous system disorders; and four groups of preferred term (PT): eye irritation, vision blurred, eye pruritus and headache. All ADRs were expected, mild and not serious. No risk factors related to the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were identified. Conclusion The low incidence of ADRs, their short recovery time, and their categorization as “mild” and “not serious” demonstrates the high tolerability in the studied population; therefore, according to the study, the safety profile for NAPH seems to be adequate, with a suitable tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vanessa Orozco-Ceja
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Laboratorios Sophia S.A. de C.V., Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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Nižić Nodilo L, Ugrina I, Špoljarić D, Amidžić Klarić D, Jakobušić Brala C, Perkušić M, Pepić I, Lovrić J, Saršon V, Safundžić Kučuk M, Zadravec D, Kalogjera L, Hafner A. A Dry Powder Platform for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Dexamethasone: Formulation Development and Nasal Deposition Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:795. [PMID: 34073500 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal route of administration offers a unique opportunity of brain targeted drug delivery via olfactory and trigeminal pathway, providing effective CNS concentrations at lower doses and lower risk for adverse reactions compared to systemic drug administration. Therefore, it has been recently proposed as a route of choice for glucocorticoids to control neuroinflammation processes in patients with severe Covid-19. However, appropriate delivery systems tailored to enhance their efficacy yet need to emerge. In this work we present the development of sprayable brain targeting powder delivery platform of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP). DSP-loaded microspheres, optimised employing Quality-by-Design approach, were blended with soluble inert carriers (mannitol or lactose monohydrate). Powder blends were characterized in terms of homogeneity, flow properties, sprayability, in vitro biocompatibility, permeability and mucoadhesion. Nasal deposition studies were performed using 3D printed nasal cavity model. Mannitol provided better powder blend flow properties compared to lactose. Microspheres blended with mannitol retained or enlarged their mucoadhesive properties and enhanced DSP permeability across epithelial model barrier. DSP dose fraction deposited in the olfactory region reached 17.0% revealing the potential of developed powder platform for targeted olfactory delivery. The observed impact of nasal cavity asymmetry highlighted the importance of individual approach when aiming olfactory region.
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Ward A, Brown B, Walton K, Timmins P, Conway BR, Asare-Addo K. Application of Focus Variation Microscopy and Dissolution Imaging in Understanding the Behaviour of Hydrophilic Matrices. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1162. [PMID: 33260657 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic matrix systems can be found in a wide range of extended release pharmaceutical formulations. The main principle of these systems is that upon contact with water, the hydrophilic component swells to form a hydrated gel layer which controls drug release. The following work demonstrates an explorative study into the use of dissolution imaging and focus variation microscopy with hydrophilic polymers. This study investigated the surface properties of xanthan gum (XG), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC) compacts with each of these three hydrophilic polymers from one of each classification of natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic polymer using a focus variation instrument. The auto correlation length (Sal) showed all surface profiles from the compacts displayed a value below 0.1 mm, indicating that only high frequency components (i.e., roughness) were considered and that the analysis had been successful. The developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr) displayed values below 5% in line with ISO guidelines for all the polymers studied with their texture aspect ratio values (Str) > 0.5, indicating uniformity of the surfaces of the produced compacts. Of the various parameters studied, areal material ratio (Smr2) predicted XG to wet and hydrate quicker than PEO, with PEO also wetting and hydrating quicker than the HPMC. The dissolution imaging and initial swelling studies proved to concur with the findings from the areal material ratio (Smr2) parameter, suggesting porosity was not an indicator for the ease with which water ingress occurs. This study suggests the Smr2 surface parameter to potentially predict wetting and initial hydration of hydrophilic polymers, however care should be taken as this study consists of a selected number of hydrophilic polymers.
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Mawla N, Hanley S, Walton K, Kaialy W, Hussain T, Ward A, Brown J, Conway BR, Timmins P, Asare-Addo K. Imaging of the Effect of Alcohol-Containing Media on the Performance of Hypromellose Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets: Comparison of Direct Compression and Regular Grades of Polymer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E889. [PMID: 32961942 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the ingestion of drug products with alcohol could have adverse effects on the release of drugs from dosage forms, it is important to understand the mechanisms underpinning the influence on drug release by evaluating the effect of alcohol-containing media on the behaviour of pharmaceutical excipients. In this work, the effect of hydroalcoholic media containing up to 40% v/v absolute ethanol was evaluated, employing both the regular (CR) and direct compression grades (DC) of hypromellose. X-ray microtomography (XµT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used as complementary techniques in determining the influence of the media composition on the ability of the CR and DC polymers to form and evolve the gel layer that controls drug release. Particle and powder properties of the polymer were characterised to determine any relationship to performance in hydroalcoholic media. Triboelectrification results showed the CR grade formulation to charge electropositively whereas the DC grade charged electronegatively. The flow properties also showed the DC grade to have a superior flow as compared to its CR counterpart. Differences in particle morphology between the grades influenced charging and flow behaviour of the powders; however, it did not seem to impact significantly either on the mechanical strength or the drug release properties of the compacted formulation using the model drug propranolol HCl. XµT and MRI imaging were successfully used as complementary techniques in determining the gel layer/hydration layer thickness measurements as the layer developed, as well as following ingress of hydroalcoholic media and its impact on the dry core. The result showed that although differences were present in the gel layer thickness potentially due to differences in particle morphology, this also did not impact significantly on the dissolution process, especially in acidic and hydroalcoholic media.
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Hu M, Zhu Z, Wu Y, Meng Q, Luo J, Wang H. Exploring the Potential of Hydrophilic Matrix Combined with Insoluble Film Coating: Preparation and Evaluation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Extended Release Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:93. [PMID: 32076885 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-1628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential utility of combination of hydrophilic matrix with membrane-controlled technology, the present study prepared tablets of a water-soluble model drug (ambroxol hydrochloride), through process of direct compression and spray coating. Single-factor experiments were accomplished to optimize the formulation. In vivo pharmacokinetics was then performed to evaluate the necessity and feasibility of further development of this simple process and low-cost approach. Various release rates could be easily obtained by adjusting the viscosity and amount of hypromellose, pore-former ratios in coating dispersions and coating weight gains. Dissolution profiles of coated tablets displayed initial delay, followed by near zero-order kinetics. The pharmacokinetic study of different formulations showed that lag time became longer as the permeability of coating membrane decreased, which was consistent with the in vitro drug release trend. Besides, in vitro/in vivo correlation study indicated that coated tablets exhibited a good correlation between in vitro release and in vivo absorption. The results, therefore, demonstrated that barrier-membrane-coated matrix formulations were extremely promising for further application in industrialization and commercialization.
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Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hypromellose) is a widely known excipient commonly used in the preparation of drug formulations. It can interact with some active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), thereby contributing to a reduction in crystallinity, serve as a solvent for API or form stable dispersion with no tendency to aggregation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hypromellose on the solubility, miscibility and amorphization of paracetamol in mixture with this polymer. Homogenized mixtures of paracetamol with hypromellose were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman methods to obtain a deeper insight into the interactions between ingredients in solid state including phase diagram construction for crystalline API and amorphous polymer. A DSC study revealed potential interaction between ingredients resulting in reduced paracetamol crystallinity. This was proved using heating-cooling-heating test to confirm paracetamol amorphization. FT-IR and Raman investigations excluded chemical reaction and hydrogen bonding between ingredients. The phase diagram developed facilitates predictions on the solubility of API in polymer, on the mutual miscibility of ingredients and on the temperature of mixture glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Leyk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Grdešič P, Sovány T, German Ilić I. High-shear granulation of high-molecular weight hypromellose: effects of scale-up and process parameters on flow and compaction properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1770-1782. [PMID: 29968491 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1496447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Knowledge of the effects of high-shear granulation process parameters and scale-up on the properties of the produced granules is essential for formulators who face challenges regarding poor flow and compaction during development of modified release tablets based on high-molecular weight hypromellose (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)) polymers. Almost none of the existing studies deal with realistic industrial formulation. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the effects of scale-up and critical process parameters (CPPs) of high-shear granulation on the quality attributes of the granules, particularly in terms of the flow and compaction, using a realistic industrial formulation based on HPMC K100M polymer. METHODS The flow properties were determined using flow time, Carr index, tablet mass, and crushing strength variations. The compaction properties were quantified using the 'out-of-die' Heckel and modified Walker models, as well as the tensile strength profile and elastic recovery. High-shear granulation was performed at different scales: 4 L, 300 L, and 600 L. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The scale itself had larger effects on the granule properties than the CPPs, which demonstrated high robustness of formulation on the individual scale level. Nevertheless, to achieve the desired flow and compaction, the values of the CPPs need to be precisely selected to fine-tune the process conditions. The best flow was achieved at high volumes of water addition, where larger and more spherical granules were obtained. The CPPs showed negligible influence on the compaction with no practical implications, however, the volume of water addition volume was identified as having the largest effects on compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Grdešič
- a Krka, d.d., Novo mesto , Šmarješka cesta 6 , Novo mesto , Slovenia
| | - Tamás Sovány
- b Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6 , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Ilija German Ilić
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , Ljubljana , 1000 , Slovenia
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Abstract
Swelling, erosion, deformation, and consolidation properties can affect the performance of cellulose ethers, the most commonly used matrix former in hydrophilic sustained tablet formulations. The present study was designed to comparatively evaluate the swelling, erosion, compression, compaction, and relaxation properties of the cellulose ethers in a comprehensive study using standardised conditions. The interrelationship between various compressional models and the inherent deformation and consolidation properties of the polymers on the derived swelling and erosion parameters are consolidated. The impact of swelling (Kw) on erosion rates (KE) and the inter-relationship between Heckel and Kawakita plasticity constants was also investigated. It is evident from the findings that the increases in both substitution and polymer chain length led to higher Kw, but a lower KE; this was also true for all particle size fractions regardless of polymer grade. Smaller particle size and high substitution levels tend to increase the relative density of the matrix but reduce porosity, yield pressure (Py), Kawakita plasticity parameter (b-1) and elastic relaxation. Both KW versus KE (R2 = 0.949-0.980) and Py versus. b-1 correlations (R2 = 0.820-0.934) were reasonably linear with regards to increasing hydroxypropyl substitution and molecular size. Hence, it can be concluded that the combined knowledge of swelling and erosion kinetics in tandem with the in- and out-of-die compression findings can be used to select a specific polymer grade and further to develop and optimize formulations for oral controlled drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Ghori
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- b School of Chemical Engineering , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Alan M Smith
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Barbara R Conway
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate , Huddersfield , UK
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Ueda K, Higashi K, Moribe K. Direct NMR Monitoring of Phase Separation Behavior of Highly Supersaturated Nifedipine Solution Stabilized with Hypromellose Derivatives. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2314-2322. [PMID: 28558250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the phase separation behavior and maintenance mechanism of the supersaturated state of poorly water-soluble nifedipine (NIF) in hypromellose (HPMC) derivative solutions. Highly supersaturated NIF formed NIF-rich nanodroplets through phase separation from aqueous solution containing HPMC derivative. Dissolvable NIF concentration in the bulk water phase was limited by the phase separation of NIF from the aqueous solution. HPMC derivatives stabilized the NIF-rich nanodroplets and maintained the NIF supersaturation with phase-separated NIF for several hours. The size of the NIF-rich phase was different depending on the HPMC derivatives dissolved in aqueous solution, although the droplet size had no correlation with the time for which NIF supersaturation was maintained without NIF crystallization. HPMC acetate and HPMC acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) effectively maintained the NIF supersaturation containing phase-separated NIF compared with HPMC. Furthermore, HPMC-AS stabilized NIF supersaturation more effectively in acidic conditions. Solution 1H NMR measurements of NIF-supersaturated solution revealed that HPMC derivatives distributed into the NIF-rich phase during the phase separation of NIF from the aqueous solution. The hydrophobicity of HPMC derivative strongly affected its distribution into the NIF-rich phase. Moreover, the distribution of HPMC-AS into the NIF-rich phase was promoted at lower pH due to the lower aqueous solubility of HPMC-AS. The distribution of a large amount of HPMC derivatives into NIF-rich phase induced the strong inhibition of NIF crystallization from the NIF-rich phase. Polymer distribution into the drug-rich phase directly monitored by solution NMR technique can be a useful index for the stabilization efficiency of drug-supersaturated solution containing a drug-rich phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Lai WF, Shum HC. Hypromellose-graft-chitosan and Its Polyelectrolyte Complex as Novel Systems for Sustained Drug Delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:10501-10510. [PMID: 25946653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes formed between chitosan (CS) and anionic polymers have attracted increasing interest in drug delivery. In this study, CS is copolymerized with hypromellose via a coupling reagent-mediated approach to form a water-soluble, nontoxic CS derivative, namely hypromellose-graft-CS (HC), which is subsequently complexed with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to generate a polyampholytic hydrogel. When compared with conventional CS, HC is highly water-soluble across a wide pH range, and has a substantially higher pH buffering capacity to provide a pH-stable environment for delivery of drugs. In addition, the polyelectrolyte complex of HC exhibits a drug encapsulation efficiency of over 90% in all drugs tested, which is 1-2 fold higher than the efficiency attainable by the polyelectrolyte complex of conventional CS, with a 2-3 fold longer duration of sustained drug release. Our results indicate that as a novel polymer, HC has excellent promise for future pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- ‡HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
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Roy H, Rao PV, Panda SK, Biswal AK, Parida KR, Dash J. Composite alginate hydrogel microparticulate delivery system of zidovudine hydrochloride based on counter ion induced aggregation. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2014; 4:S31-6. [PMID: 25298940 PMCID: PMC4181129 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.140728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study deals with preparation of zidovudine loaded microparticle by counter ion induced aggregation method. During this study effect of polyacrylates and hypromellose polymers on release study were investigated. Materials and Methods: The ion induced aggregated alginate based microparticles were characterized for surface morphology, particle size analysis, drug entrapment study, in-vitro study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study. Results and Discussion: The result showed Eudragit RL-100 (ERL) based formulations had smoother surface as well as their mean particle sizes were found greater compared with Eudragit RS-100 (ERS) microparticles. Furthermore, drug entrapments were found to be more in ERL formulae as compared with ERS. RL3 released 101.05% drug over a period of 8th h and followed Higuchi profile and Fickian diffusion. Moreover, data obtained illustrated that, higher amount of quaternary ammonium group, alkali value, and glass transition temperature may be possible reason for improving permeability of ERL based formulations. It was also noticed, hyroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M premium grade polymer sustained drug release more than HPMC K15M. In addition, drug-excipient interaction study was carried out by FTIR and DSC study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harekrishna Roy
- Department of Pharmatechnology, Vikas College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Venkateswar Rao
- Department of Pharmatechnology, Vikas College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Technology , VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kirti Ranjan Parida
- Department of Biosciences and Technology , VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jharana Dash
- Department of Quality and Assurance, Microlabs Ltd., Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mehta RY, Missaghi S, Tiwari SB, Rajabi-Siahboomi AR. Application of ethylcellulose coating to hydrophilic matrices: a strategy to modulate drug release profile and reduce drug release variability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1049-59. [PMID: 24848757 PMCID: PMC4179654 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic matrix tablets are commonly used for extended release dosage forms. For low aqueous-solubility drugs, there may be challenges in modulation of release profiles and achieving consistent release in physiological conditions. To evaluate potential formulation strategies, matrix tablets of a low-soluble drug, hydrochlorothiazide, were developed using hypromellose and two fillers of different solubility, lactose (soluble) or partially pregelatinized maize starch (partially soluble). Additionally, application of an insoluble barrier membrane, aqueous ethylcellulose coating system, and a hydrophilic pore former onto matrix tablets was evaluated. Drug release from uncoated matrix tablets was variable at different agitation rates. Evaluation of tablets in bio-relevant media using physiologically relevant residence time indicated variable and higher initial release rate for uncoated matrices containing lactose but more robust behavior for tablets containing partially pregelatinized starch. Such in vitro behavior may lead to erratic drug release in vivo, when comparing fed versus fasted conditions. Dissolution profiles from barrier membrane-coated tablets showed initial delay, followed by zero-order release kinetics, with reduction or elimination of variability compared to uncoated matrices. Such reduced variability may mitigate mechanical effects of post-prandial stomach. Effects of coating weight gain and inclusion levels of pore former were evaluated and found to be critical in achieving robust and stable release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raxit Y. Mehta
- Global Headquarters, Colorcon, Inc., 275 Ruth Rd., Harleysville, Pennsylvania 19438 USA
| | - Shahrzad Missaghi
- Global Headquarters, Colorcon, Inc., 275 Ruth Rd., Harleysville, Pennsylvania 19438 USA
| | - Sandip B. Tiwari
- Global Headquarters, Colorcon, Inc., 275 Ruth Rd., Harleysville, Pennsylvania 19438 USA
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O'Donnell KP, Woodward WHH. Dielectric spectroscopy for the determination of the glass transition temperature of pharmaceutical solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:959-68. [PMID: 24842545 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.919314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate analytical techniques for the measurement of the glass transition temperature of HPMC and formulated solid dispersions thereof. Unmodified samples of various grades of HPMC and solid dispersions of HPMC and itraconazole produced by hot melt extrusion were analyzed by thermomechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermally stimulated depolarization current and dielectric spectroscopy. It was found that dielectric spectroscopy offers the best accuracy and reproducibility for analysis of the base HPMC powders regardless of the substitution type or viscosity grade and that the obtained results were not frequency dependent. The results of dielectric measurements of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion were compared with predicted values of the Gordon-Taylor equation. It was found that time-temperature superposition effects and small molecule frequency dependence makes broadly applying determination of the glass transition temperature in drug dispersions by dielectric spectroscopy prohibitively difficult.
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Mohamed FAA, Roberts M, Seton L, Ford JL, Levina M, Rajabi-Siahboomi AR. The effect of HPMC particle size on the drug release rate and the percolation threshold in extended-release mini-tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 41:70-8. [PMID: 24134563 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.845843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The particle size of HPMC is a critical factor that can influence drug release rate from hydrophilic matrix systems. Percolation theory is a statistical tool which is used to study the disorder of particles in a lattice of a sample. The percolation threshold is the point at which a component is dominant in a cluster resulting in significant changes in drug release rates. Mini-tablets are compact dosage forms of 1.5-4 mm diameter, which have potential benefits in the delivery of drug to some patient groups such as pediatrics. In this study, the effect of HPMC particle size on hydrocortisone release and its associated percolation threshold for mini-tablets and tablets was assessed. For both mini-tablets and tablets, large polymer particles reduced tensile strength, but increased the drug release rate and the percolation threshold. Upon hydration, compacts with 45-125 μm HPMC particles formed a strong gel layer with low porosity, reducing hydrocortisone release rates. In comparison, faster drug release rates were obtained when 125-355 µm HPMC particles were used, due to the greater pore sizes that resulted in the formation of a weaker gel. Using 125-355 µm HPMC particles increased the percolation threshold for tablets and to a greater extent for mini-tablets. This work has demonstrated the importance of HPMC particle size in ER matrices, the effects of which are even more obvious for mini-tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiezah A A Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK and
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