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Hiraki Y, Araki R, Fujiwara H, Ago Y, Tanaka T, Toume K, Matsumoto K, Yabe T. Kamiuntanto increases prefrontal extracellular serotonin levels and ameliorates depression-like behaviors in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 139:72-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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A silk peptide fraction restores cognitive function in AF64A-induced Alzheimer disease model rats by increasing expression of choline acetyltransferase gene. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 314:48-54. [PMID: 27871887 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a silk peptide fraction obtained by incubating silk proteins with Protease N and Neutrase (SP-NN) on cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer disease model rats. In order to elucidate underlying mechanisms, the effect of SP-NN on the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA was assessed in F3.ChAT neural stem cells and Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells; active amino acid sequence was identified using HPLC-MS. The expression of ChAT mRNA in F3.ChAT cells increased by 3.79-fold of the control level by treatment with SP-NN fraction. The active peptide in SP-NN was identified as tyrosine-glycine with 238.1 of molecular weight. Male rats were orally administered with SP-NN (50 or 300mg/kg) and challenged with a cholinotoxin AF64A. As a result of brain injury and decreased brain acetylcholine level, AF64A induced astrocytic activation, resulting in impairment of learning and memory function. Treatment with SP-NN exerted recovering activities on acetylcholine depletion and brain injury, as well as cognitive deficit induced by AF64A. The results indicate that, in addition to a neuroprotective activity, the SP-NN preparation restores cognitive function of Alzheimer disease model rats by increasing the release of acetylcholine.
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Wang J, Wang X, Lv B, Yuan W, Feng Z, Mi W, Zhang H. Effects of Fructus Akebiae on learning and memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced animal model of dementia. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:671-675. [PMID: 25009638 PMCID: PMC4079397 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructus Akebiae (FAE) is a component of traditional Chinese medicines used for the clinical treatment of amnesia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of FAE extract on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatment with FAE (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) was investigated in scopolamine-treated animals, and its effects on different types of memory were examined using the T-maze, the Morris water maze task, the novel object recognition test, the passive avoidance task and the step-down test. The results revealed that 5 and 10 mg/kg FAE attenuated scopolamine-mediated impairment of cognition, including spatial, episodic, aversive, and short- and long-term memory. Overall, these results suggest that FAE is an effective cognitive enhancer, and thus highlights the value of a multi-target strategy to address the complexity of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
| | - Baosheng Lv
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Weixiu Yuan
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zeguo Feng
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Oh HK, Park SJ, Bae SG, Kim MJ, Jang JH, Ahn YJ, Woo H, Kwon G, Ryu JH. Kami-ondam-tang, a traditional herbal prescription, attenuates the prepulse inhibition deficits and cognitive impairments induced by MK-801 in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:600-607. [PMID: 23376282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kami-ondam-tang (KODT) has been used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, including neurosis and insomnia, in traditional herbal medicine. However, the mechanisms of this drug have not been well characterized in the treatment of schizophrenia-like behaviors. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated whether schizophrenia-like behaviors induced by MK-801, a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, could be attenuated by KODT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute systemic administration of MK-801 was used to establish an animal model of schizophrenia. The effects of KODT on the MK-801-induced prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits, hyperlocomotion, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairment were assessed. We also examined the changes in the expression levels of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) after the administration of KODT with MK-801 in the cortical and hippocampal tissues. RESULTS The acoustic startle response test showed that the acoustic startle enhancement and PPI deficits induced by MK-801 were attenuated by KODT. Moreover, KODT ameliorated social and objective recognition impairments that were induced by MK-801 in the social novelty preference test and the novel object recognition test. In addition, the upregulation of phosphorylated Akt or phosphorylated ERK expression induced by MK-801 was blocked by KODT in the cortex. However, MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion was not affected by KODT in the open field test. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that KODT attenuates MK-801-induced PPI disruption, social interaction deficits, and cognitive impairments, possibly, by regulating of cortical Akt and ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyong Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Hong JG, Kim DH, Park SJ, Kim JM, Cai M, Liu X, Lee CH, Ryu JH. The memory-enhancing effects of Kami-ondam-tang in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:251-256. [PMID: 21619923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kami-ondam-tang (KOT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat mental and neuropsychiatric disorders, including dementia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of KOT on cognition and the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the passive avoidance task, we investigated the effect of sub-chronic administration of KOT on the cognition of mice. We also examined the expressions of protein kinase B (Akt), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and doublecortin (DCX) in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus regions using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS The administration of KOT (50mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 14 days significantly increased step-through latency in the passive avoidance task compared with vehicle-treated controls. Furthermore, KOT administration (50mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the expressions of phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated CREB and BDNF in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus. In addition, KOT administration resulted in a significant increase in the number of DCX-immunopositive cells in the dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that KOT enhances cognitive performance through the upregulation of Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gyu Hong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Fujiwara H, Takayama S, Iwasaki K, Tabuchi M, Yamaguchi T, Sekiguchi K, Ikarashi Y, Kudo Y, Kase Y, Arai H, Yaegashi N. Yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, ameliorates memory disturbance and abnormal social interaction with anti-aggregation effect of cerebral amyloid β proteins in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. Neuroscience 2011; 180:305-13. [PMID: 21303686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ) is a consistent pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Therefore, inhibition of Aβ aggregation in the brain is an attractive therapeutic and preventive strategy in the development of disease-modifying drugs for AD. An in vitro study demonstrated that yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese medicine, inhibited Aβ aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. An in vivo study demonstrated that YKS and Uncaria hook (UH), a constituent of YKS, prevented the accumulation of cerebral Aβ. YKS also improved the memory disturbance and abnormal social interaction such as increased aggressive behavior and decreased social behavior in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. These results suggest that YKS is likely to be a potent and novel therapeutic agent to prevent and/or treat AD, and that this may be attributed to UH.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fujiwara
- Department of Traditional Asian Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Kogure T, Tatsumi T, Oku Y. Four cases of dysthymic disorder and general malaise successfully treated with traditional herbal (kampo) medicines: kamiuntanto. INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE INSIGHTS 2010; 5:1-6. [PMID: 21614161 PMCID: PMC3095185 DOI: 10.4137/imi.s4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditional herbal (Kampo) medicines have been used since ancient times to treat patients with mental disorders. In the present report, we describe four patients with dysthymia successfully treated with Kampo medicines: Kamiuntanto (KUT). These four patients fulfilled the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for dysthymic disorder with easy fatigability and sleeplessness, but did not fulfill the criteria for major depressive disorder. Treatment with KUT relieved depressive status, fatigue and sleeplessness in these patients. As a result, their QOL (quality of life) was considerably improved. KUT may be useful as an additional or alternative treatment for dysthymia, especially in the field of primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kogure
- Department of Integrated Japanese Oriental Medicine, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Japan
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Higashi K, Rakugi H, Yu H, Moriguchi A, Shintani T, Ogihara T. Effect of kihito extract granules on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's-type dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2007.00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim JH, Ha HC, Lee MS, Kang JI, Kim HS, Lee SY, Pyun KH, Shim I. Effect of Tremella fuciformis on the neurite outgrowth of PC12h cells and the improvement of memory in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:708-14. [PMID: 17409507 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the neuritogenic effects of Tremella fuciformis (TF), which has been valued in traditional Chinese medicine as a remedy with nutritive and tonic actions, on PC12h cells. The cognitive improving effects of TF on scopolamine-induced (2 mg/kg, s.c.) amnesia in rats were also evaluated with using the Morris water maze task and by performing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry. The water extract of TF (0.01-1 microg/ml) promoted neurite outgrowth of the PC12h cells in a dose dependent manner. TF was highly efficient at the concentration range of 0.1-1 microg/ml. Oral daily treatment with TF (100 or 400 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced deficit in learning and memory, and it alleviated decrease in cholinergic immunoreactivity induced by scopolamine in the medial septum and hippocampus. The results demonstrate that the promotion of neuritogenesis in neuronal culture cells by TF water extract is related with its activity for improving the performance of rats on a spatial learning and memory task. Moreover, the impairments of spatial learning and memory may be attributable to the decrease in activation of the septohippocampal cholinergic system and that TF ameliorated learning and memory deficits partly through its increasing the central cholinergic activity. Therefore, TF could represent a potentially useful agent that is able to improve the function of impaired cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Immunology and Cell Biology Core Lab, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
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Iwasaki K, Seki T, Arai H, Sasaki H. Combinational Western and oriental medicine therapies for geriatric syndrome. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2005.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nakagawasai O. Behavioral and neurochemical alterations following thiamine deficiency in rodents: relationship to functions of cholinergic neurons. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2005; 125:549-54. [PMID: 15997211 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.125.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficits are induced during the late stage (20-25 days) of thiamine-deficient (TD) feeding. In this review, the role of cholinergic neurons on the memory deficit induced by TD feeding are summarized. Although memory deficit cannot be suppressed by an injection of thiamine once it appears, such impairment was found to be protected by early treatment with thiamine during TD feeding. Administration of muscarinic M(1) agonist McN-A-343 reversed the memory deficit observed in TD mice, although the muscarinic M(2) antagonist methoctramine did not. The "kampo" (traditional herbal) medicine, "kami-untan-to" (KUT), protected against the memory deficit observed in TD mice. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) fluorescence intensity, a marker of presynapse of cholinergic neurons, was decreased in the cortex and hippocampus at an early stage (14th day) of TD, and it was decreased in a wide range of brain areas at a late stage (25th day) of TD. Early KUT treatment inhibited the reduction of ChAT in the hippocampus of TD mice. These findings suggested that the memory deficit may be caused by a reduction in the cholinergic function at an early stage of TD, and that the activation of cholinergic neurons may play an important role in the improvement of TD-induced memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Nakagawasai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Ohrui T, Matsui T, Yamaya M, Kubo H, Arai H, Sasaki H. A new therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2003.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nakagawasai O, Yamadera F, Iwasaki K, Arai H, Taniguchi R, Tan-No K, Sasaki H, Tadano T. Effect of kami-untan-to on the impairment of learning and memory induced by thiamine-deficient feeding in mice. Neuroscience 2004; 125:233-41. [PMID: 15051162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that thiamine deficient (TD) mice show an impairment of learning and memory on the 20th day after start of TD feeding. Interestingly, it has been reported that the kampo medicine, "kami-untan-to" (KUT) may be useful as a potential therapeutic agent in diseases associated with cholinergic deficit such as Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of KUT on the impairment of memory-related behavior concomitant with psychoneuronal symptoms after TD feeding in mice. Oral administration of KUT had no effect on the food intake, body weight or locomotor activity in TD mice, but the mortality rate in the KUT-treated TD group was significantly lower compared with that in the non-treated TD group. Daily administration of KUT from the 1st day of TD feeding protected against the impairment of memory-related behavior induced by TD. The intensity of the choline acetyltransferase fluorescence decreased in the field of CA1 and dentate gyrus in the hippocampus in TD mice compared with pair-fed mice as the control group, and KUT treatment inhibited this decrease. These results suggest that the effect of KUT on the impairment of memory-related behavior induced by TD feeding may be closely related to the activation of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nakagawasai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Yabe T, Tuchida H, Kiyohara H, Takeda T, Yamada H. Induction of NGF synthesis in astrocytes by onjisaponins of Polygala tenuifolia, constituents of kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, Ninjin-yoei-to. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 10:106-114. [PMID: 12725562 DOI: 10.1078/094471103321659799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a kampo medicine, Ninjin-yoei-to (NYT; Ren-shen-yang-rong-tang in Chinese) on nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion from the cultured rat astrocytes was examined in vitro. When rat embryo astrocytes were cultured in the presence of NYT for 24 h, the amount of NGF in the medium was significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. Among 14 kinds of component herbs in NYT, the roots of Polygala tenuifolia and roots of Panax ginseng extracts increased NGF levels from the astrocytes. Saponin fraction from the roots of P. tenuifolia enhanced the production of NGF, however phenolic glycoside fraction showed no effect. Onjisaponins A, B, E, F and G as major saponins of the root of P. tenuifolia strongly increased the NGF level, whereas ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 did not affect the NGF level. Onjisaponin F also induced ChAT mRNA level in rat basal forebrain cells. These results indicate the possibility that NYT and/or onjisaponins in P. tenuifolia may have potential therapeutic effects for the treatment of Alzheimer disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yabe
- Oriental Medicine Research Center, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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