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Kanari N, Allain E, Shallari S, Diot F, Diliberto S, Patisson F, Yvon J. Thermochemical Route for Extraction and Recycling of Critical, Strategic and High-Value Elements from By-Products and End-of-Life Materials, Part II: Processing in Presence of Halogenated Atmosphere. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184203. [PMID: 32967371 PMCID: PMC7560452 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the treatment of copper anode slime (CAS) under an air atmosphere, several aspects of the interactions of its main components (CuAgSe, Cu2−xSeyS1−y, Ag3AuSe2) with oxygen were described in Part I. As a comparative and complementary study, this work deals with the thermal behavior of CAS under air in the presence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) between 195 and 770 °C. The preliminary thermal treatment of an e-waste sample containing brominated substances was also performed. The reaction products were systematically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy through energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the thermal behaviors of the studied samples in a halogenated medium. At low temperatures, the copper, silver and selenium compounds of the CAS reacted with the HCl, issued from PVC degradation, leading to the formation of their respective chlorides. Bromides of valuable metals (Cu, Pb, Sn…) were synthesized during the e-waste treatment at 500 °C and they were distributed between the solid residue and gaseous phase. The data obtained give an insight into the reactivity of several metals towards halogenated substances, which may be valuable information for conducting the extraction and recycling of targeted elements from industrial by-products and end-of-life materials by a thermochemical route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndue Kanari
- CNRS, GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (E.A.); (F.D.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-372-744-530
| | - Eric Allain
- CNRS, GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (E.A.); (F.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Seit Shallari
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1029 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Frédéric Diot
- CNRS, GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (E.A.); (F.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Sébastien Diliberto
- CNRS, Labex DAMAS, IJL, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabrice Patisson
- CNRS, Labex DAMAS, IJL, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Jacques Yvon
- CNRS, GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (E.A.); (F.D.); (J.Y.)
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Thermochemical Route for Extraction and Recycling of Critical, Strategic and High Value Elements from By-Products and End-of-Life Materials, Part I: Treatment of a Copper By-Product in Air Atmosphere. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12101625. [PMID: 31108914 PMCID: PMC6567012 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of our modern society requests a number of critical and strategic elements (platinum group metals, In, Ga, Ge…) and high value added elements (Au, Ag, Se, Te, Ni…) which are often concentrated in by-products during the extraction of base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn…). Further, recycling of end-of-life materials employed in high technology, renewable energy and transport by conventional extractive processes also leads to the concentration of such chemical elements and their compounds in metallurgical by-products and/or co-products. One of these materials, copper anode slime (CAS), derived from a copper electrolytic refining factory, was used for this study. The sample was subjected to isothermal treatment from 225 to 770 °C under air atmosphere and the reaction products were systematically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy through energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the thermal behavior of the treated sample. The main components of the anode slime (CuAgSe, Cu2-xSeyS1-y, Ag3AuSe2) react with oxygen, producing mostly copper and selenium oxides as well as Ag-Au alloys as final products at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Selenium dioxide (SeO2) is volatilized and recovered in pure state by cooling the gaseous phase, whilst copper(II) oxide, silver, gold and tellurium remain in the treatment residue.
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Zha G, Yang C, Wang Y, Guo X, Jiang W, Yang B. New vacuum distillation technology for separating and recovering valuable metals from a high value-added waste. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Investigation of an alternative chemical agent to recover valuable metals from anode slime. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Diaz LA, Lister TE. Economic evaluation of an electrochemical process for the recovery of metals from electronic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 74:384-392. [PMID: 29229181 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the market of electronic devices continues to evolve, the waste stream generated from antiquated technology is increasingly view as an alternative to substitute primary sources of critical a value metals. Nevertheless, the sustainable recovery of materials can only be achieved by environmentally friendly processes that are economically competitive with the extraction from mineral ores. Hence, This paper presents the techno-economic assessment for a comprehensive process for the recovery of metals and critical materials from e-waste, which is based in an electrochemical recovery (ER) technology. Economic comparison is performed with the treatment of e-waste via smelting, which is currently the primary route for recycling metals from electronics. Results indicate that the electrochemical recovery process is a competitive alternative for the recovery of value from electronic waste when compared with the traditional black Cu smelting process. A significantly lower capital investment, 2.9 kg e-waste per dollar of capital investment, can be achieved with the ER process vs. 1.3 kg per dollar in the black Cu smelting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Diaz
- Biological and Chemical Processing Department, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 38415-3731, USA
| | - Tedd E Lister
- Biological and Chemical Processing Department, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 38415-3731, USA.
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Wang S, Cui W, Zhang G, Zhang L, Peng J. Ultra fast ultrasound-assisted decopperization from copper anode slime. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 36:20-26. [PMID: 28069202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An ultra fast decopperization method from the anode slime has been developed based on the ultrasound-assisted leaching. The effects of parameters such as ultrasound power, leaching time, sulfuric acid concentration and liquid/solid ratio were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the concentration of Cu in residue was only 2.64%. The removal efficiency increases considerably and the decopperization time was significantly shortened comparing with conventional method (>10%, 24h). Se and Te have not been detected in lixivium, indicating the selective leaching of Cu. In addition, the mineralogical characteristics of the untreated anode slime and the residues after ultrasound-assisted decopperization are investigated. The results revealed that the increasing of decopperization efficiency was attributed to the change of the phase composition and the morphology and size of samples during ultrasound-assisted decopperization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Gengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Jinhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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Liu W, Yang T, Zhang D, Chen L, Liu Y. Pretreatment of copper anode slime with alkaline pressure oxidative leaching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kilic Y, Kartal G, Timur S. An investigation of copper and selenium recovery from copper anode slimes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hait J, Jana RK, Sanyal SK. Processing of copper electrorefining anode slime: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/174328509x431463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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