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Sharafeldin M, Kadimisetty K, Bhalerao KS, Chen T, Rusling JF. 3D-Printed Immunosensor Arrays for Cancer Diagnostics. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164514. [PMID: 32806676 PMCID: PMC7472114 DOI: 10.3390/s20164514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Detecting cancer at an early stage of disease progression promises better treatment outcomes and longer lifespans for cancer survivors. Research has been directed towards the development of accessible and highly sensitive cancer diagnostic tools, many of which rely on protein biomarkers and biomarker panels which are overexpressed in body fluids and associated with different types of cancer. Protein biomarker detection for point-of-care (POC) use requires the development of sensitive, noninvasive liquid biopsy cancer diagnostics that overcome the limitations and low sensitivities associated with current dependence upon imaging and invasive biopsies. Among many endeavors to produce user-friendly, semi-automated, and sensitive protein biomarker sensors, 3D printing is rapidly becoming an important contemporary tool for achieving these goals. Supported by the widely available selection of affordable desktop 3D printers and diverse printing options, 3D printing is becoming a standard tool for developing low-cost immunosensors that can also be used to make final commercial products. In the last few years, 3D printing platforms have been used to produce complex sensor devices with high resolution, tailored towards researchers’ and clinicians’ needs and limited only by their imagination. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing, 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has drastically reduced the time of sensor and sensor array development while offering excellent sensitivity at a fraction of the cost of conventional technologies such as photolithography. In this review, we offer a comprehensive description of 3D printing techniques commonly used to develop immunosensors, arrays, and microfluidic arrays. In addition, recent applications utilizing 3D printing in immunosensors integrated with different signal transduction strategies are described. These applications include electrochemical, chemiluminescent (CL), and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) 3D-printed immunosensors. Finally, we discuss current challenges and limitations associated with available 3D printing technology and future directions of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.S.); (K.S.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Karteek Kadimisetty
- LifeSensors Inc., 271 Great Valley Parkway, Suite 100, Malvern, PA 19355, USA;
| | - Ketki S. Bhalerao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.S.); (K.S.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.S.); (K.S.B.); (T.C.)
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.S.); (K.S.B.); (T.C.)
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Jantra J, Zór K, Sanders M, De Saeger S, Hedström M, Mattiasson B. Development of an automated flow‐based spectrophotometric immunoassay for continuous detection of zearalenone. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:375-382. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongjit Jantra
- Division of BiotechnologyLund University Lund Sweden
- King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangPrince of Chumphon Campus Pathiu Chumphon Thailand
| | - Kinga Zór
- Division of BiotechnologyLund University Lund Sweden
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN)Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Melanie Sanders
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public HealthFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public HealthFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Martin Hedström
- Division of BiotechnologyLund University Lund Sweden
- CapSenze Biosystems AB Lund Sweden
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Division of BiotechnologyLund University Lund Sweden
- CapSenze Biosystems AB Lund Sweden
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Lim CW, Lai KY, Ho WT, Chan SH. Isotopic dilution assay development of nisin A in cream cheese, mascarpone, processed cheese and ripened cheese by LC-MS/MS method. Food Chem 2019; 292:58-65. [PMID: 31054692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current food safety concern for food integrity demands the availability of an accurate, easy and reliable analytical tool for assay development of nisin A in cheese. To address this, we report the application of isotopically labelled peptide sequence MSTKDFNLDLVSVSKKDSGASP(R) (without thioether bridges) as internal standard for determination of nisin A in cream cheese, mascarpone, processed cheese and ripened cheese without the need for matrix-matched calibration by triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Full method validation was performed according to the modified Commission Decision 2002/657/EC criteria and method robustness was checked on 10 random cheese samples. Internal standard provided significant improvement (p < 0.05) in method precision for determination of nisin A in all four types of cheese. Significant losses (p < 0.05) for Nisin A in cheese was observed one week later. A fit-for-purpose method using internal standard procedure for accurate quantitation of Nisin A in cheese becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wei Lim
- Food Safety Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore.
| | - Kit Yee Lai
- Food Safety Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore
| | - Wei Ting Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Science Drive 2, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Sheot Harn Chan
- Food Safety Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore
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Nandakumar R, Talapatra K. Quantitative profiling of bacteriocins present in dairy-free probiotic preparations of Lactobacillus acidophilus by nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1999-2008. [PMID: 24565320 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are a heterogeneous group of ribosomally synthesized peptides or proteins with antimicrobial activity, produced predominantly by lactic acid bacteria, with potential applications as biopreservatives and probiotics. We describe here a novel strategy based on a bottom-up, shotgun proteomic approach using nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) with multiple fragmentation techniques for the quantitative profiling of bacteriocins present in the probiotic preparations of Lactobacillus acidophilus. A direct LC-MS/MS analysis with alternate collision-induced dissociation, high-energy collision dissociation, and electron-transfer dissociation fragmentation following a filter-assisted size-exclusion sample prefractionation has resulted in the identification of peptides belonging to 37 bacteriocins or related proteins. Peptides from lactacin F, helveticin J, lysin, avicin A, acidocin M, curvaticin FS47, and carocin D were predominant. The process of freeze drying under vacuum was observed to affect both the diversity and abundance of bacteriocins. Data acquisition using alternating complementary peptide fragmentation modes, especially electron-transfer dissociation, has significantly enhanced the peptide sequence coverage and number of bacteriocin peptides identified. Multi-enzyme proteolytic digestion was observed to increase the sample complexity and dynamic range, lowering the chances of detection of low-abundant bacteriocin peptides by LC-MS/MS. An analytical platform integrating size exclusion prefractionation, nanoLC-MS/MS analysis with multiple fragmentation techniques, and data-dependent decision tree-driven bioinformatic data analysis is novel in bacteriocin research and suitable for the comprehensive bioanalysis of diverse, low-abundant bacteriocins in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Nandakumar
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588.
| | - Kesh Talapatra
- Natren Inc., 2382 Townsgate Rd, Westlake Village, CA 91361
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5
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Graphene oxide based ultrasensitive flow-through chemiluminescent immunoassay for sub-picogram level detection of chicken interferon-γ. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 51:356-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang Z, Zong C, Ju H, Yan F. Streptavidin-functionalized capillary immune microreactor for highly efficient chemiluminescent immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:143-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Schneider N, Werkmeister K, Pischetsrieder M. Analysis of nisin A, nisin Z and their degradation products by LCMS/MS. Food Chem 2011; 127:847-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Mattiasson B, Teeparuksapun K, Hedström M. Immunochemical binding assays for detection and quantification of trace impurities in biotechnological production. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 28:20-7. [PMID: 19896744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New, highly sensitive, biosensor concepts make it possible to assay biomacromolecules at concentrations that previously were far below the limit of detection. The previous generation of assays used in quality control situations during biotechnological production was designed primarily for monitoring target molecules, which typically appeared in high concentrations. Hence, novel analytical techniques with high sensitivity should become increasingly important in meeting the demands from regulatory agencies with regard to declaring levels of impurities in biopharmaceuticals. Such techniques also open up opportunities for a range of other challenging measurements, for example, in the area of biohazards. This review describes the development of immuno-based biosensors and exemplifies these by presenting analyses of common impurities in biopharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Schirmer C, Meisel H. Synthesis and Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) with Affinity for the Polypeptide Nisin. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-008-9061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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MIRHOSSEINI MAHBOUBEH, NAHVI IRAJ, EMTIAZI GITI, TAVASOLI MANOUCHER. Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from dairy products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Lin J, Qu W, Zhang S. Disposable biosensor based on enzyme immobilized on Au–chitosan-modified indium tin oxide electrode with flow injection amperometric analysis. Anal Biochem 2007; 360:288-93. [PMID: 17134672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode is used to fabricate a novel disposable biosensor combined with flow injection analysis for the rapid determination of H2O2. The biosensor is prepared by entrapping horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme in colloidal gold nanoparticle-modified chitosan membrane (Au-chitosan) to modify the ITO electrode. The biosensor is characterized by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and electrochemical methods. Parameters affecting the performance of the biosensor, including concentrations of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and pH of substrate solution, were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, H2O2 could be determined in the linear calibration range from 0.01 to 0.5 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 (n=8). The amperometric response of the biosensor did not show an obvious decrease after the substrates were injected continuously 34 times into the flow cell. The prepared biosensor not only is economic and disposable, due to the low-cost ITO film electrode obtained from industrial mass production, but also is capable with good detection precision, acceptable accuracy, and storage stability for the fabrication in batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wu Z, Li X. Modification of the data-processing method for the turbidimetric bioassay of nisin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 74:511-6. [PMID: 17063329 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The data processing method of the turbidimetric bioassay of nisin was modified to facilitate its industrial application. The influence of the initial indicator concentration was minimized by a redefined specific dose of the bacteriocin as the quotient between the titer of the added bacteriocin and the initial population density of the indicator in the suspension. It was found that dc = 0.125 microg ml(-1) was the critical dose of nisin that can cause a complete inhibition of the indicator, Pediococcus acidilactici UL5, with an initial OD of 0.135. To eliminate the interference of the cell debris, an equation, epsilonI = ODi(1-di)/OD0 = epsilonA(1-di/dc), exploiting dc, was formulated to obtain the intrinsic survival proportion. The use of the specific dose of the bacteriocin and the intrinsic survival proportion as parameters of the dose/response curve greatly enhanced its repeatability and feasibility. A dual-dosage approach was developed to further simplify the conventional standard dose/response curve method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ahlqvist J, Dainiak MB, Kumar A, Hörnsten EG, Galaev IY, Mattiasson B. Monitoring the production of inclusion bodies during fermentation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of intact inclusion bodies using cryogel minicolumn plates. Anal Biochem 2006; 354:229-37. [PMID: 16729960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel minicolumn chromatographic method to monitor the production of inclusion bodies during fermentation and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system allowing direct analysis of the particles with surface-displayed antigens are described. A 33-kDa protein containing 306 amino acids with three sulfur bridges produced as inclusion bodies was labeled with polyclonal antibodies against 15 amino acid (anti-A15) and 17 amino acid (anti-B17) residues at the N- and C-terminal ends of the protein, respectively. Labeled particles were bound to macroporous monolithic protein A-cryogel adsorbents inserted into the open-ended wells of a 96-well plate (referred to as protein A-cryogel minicolumn plate). The concept behind this application is that the binding degree of inclusion bodies from lysed fermentation broth to the cryogel minicolumns increases with an increase in their concentration during fermentation. The technique allowed us to monitor the increase in the production levels of the inclusion bodies as the fermentation process progressed. The system also has a built-in quality parameter to ensure that the target protein has been fully expressed. Alternatively, inclusion bodies immobilized on phenyl-cryogel minicolumn plate were used in indirect ELISA based on anti-A15 and anti-B17 antibodies against terminal amino acid residues displayed on the surface of inclusion bodies. Drainage-protected properties of the cryogel minicolumns allow performance of successive reactions with tested immunoglobulin G (IgG) samples and enzyme-conjugated secondary IgG and of enzymatic reaction within the adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Ahlqvist
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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15
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Wu J, Tang J, Dai Z, Yan F, Ju H, El Murr N. A disposable electrochemical immunosensor for flow injection immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:102-8. [PMID: 16427775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new simple immunoassay method for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection using a disposable immunosensor coupled with a flow injection system was developed. The immunosensor was prepared by coating CEA/colloid Au/chitosan membrane at a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Using a competitive immunoassay format, the immunosensor inserted in the flow system with an injection of sample and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled CEA antibody was used to trap the labeled antibody at room temperature for 35 min. The current response obtained from the labeled HRP to thionine-H(2)O(2) system decreased proportionally to the CEA concentration in the range of 0.50-25 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9981 and a detection limit of 0.22 ng/ml (S/N=3). The immunoassay system could automatically control the incubation, washing and current measurement steps with good stability and acceptable accuracy. Thus, the proposed method proved its potential use in clinical immunoassay of CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Fu Z, Hao C, Fei X, Ju H. Flow-injection chemiluminescent immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein based on epoxysilane modified glass microbeads. J Immunol Methods 2006; 312:61-7. [PMID: 16647079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2005] [Revised: 01/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A flow-injection chemiluminescent immunoassay system based on a novel transparent immunoaffinity reactor is proposed for the quantitation of alpha-fetoprotein. The reactor prepared with alpha-fetoprotein immobilized epoxysilane modified glass microbeads was used as an immunosensor for chemiluminescent detection. With a non-competitive immunoassay format, the proposed immunosensor system is a low cost, flexible and rapid assay for alpha-fetoprotein. After an off-line incubation of the analyte alpha-fetoprotein with horseradish peroxidase-labeled alpha-fetoprotein antibody as enzyme tracer, the mixture was injected into the reactor, which led to trapping of the free enzyme tracer by the reactor. The trapped enzyme tracer was detected by the p-iodophenol-luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence system. Under optimal conditions, the decrease in chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the alpha-fetoprotein concentration in the range of 5.0-100 ng/ml with a detection limit of 2.7 ng/ml at a signal/noise ratio of 3. The immunosensor system showed an acceptable reproducibility and stability. Clinical serum samples were assayed with this method and the results were in acceptable agreement with those obtained from immunoradiometric assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Kumar M, Chouhan R, Thakur M, Amita Rani B, Mattiasson B, Karanth N. Automated flow enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for analysis of methyl parathion. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Yan F, Zhou J, Lin J, Ju H, Hu X. Flow injection immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen combined with time-resolved fluorometric detection. J Immunol Methods 2005; 305:120-7. [PMID: 16146635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Revised: 01/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence has been developed for immunoassay to obtain higher sensitivity than usual immunoassays. In this paper, a simple, sensitive and specific method was developed for immunoassay of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by combining time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) and flow injection analysis. Based on a sandwich immunoassay format, a monoclonal antibody immobilized immunoaffinity column inserted in a flow system was used for immunoreactions. The cleaved solution was collected after the reaction between the immunocomplex in the immunoaffinity column and the enhancement solution that was used to cleave the Eu-labels from the immunocomplex, and then detected by time-resolved fluorescence. Serum CEA could be detected in the linear range from 2.5 to 100 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and the detection limit of 1.0 ng/ml. Twenty human serum samples detected by this method were in good agreement with the results obtained by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. This method could be further developed for fast practical clinical detection of serum CEA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Prevention and Cure, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Lin J, Ju H. Electrochemical and chemiluminescent immunosensors for tumor markers. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1461-70. [PMID: 15626599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The determination of serum tumor markers plays an important role in clinical diagnoses for the patients with certain tumor-associated disease. Although many commercial kits have been applied in clinical immunoassays, conventional methods always have some disadvantages, resulting in the need of other new, efficient, and easily automated methods. Immunosensors, considered as a major development in immunochemical field, have attracted considerable attention. With the aim of rapid screening, many immunosensors that are small, semi-automated and portable are being developed. This brief review focuses on the current research of immunosensors for tumor markers based on the electrochemical and chemiluminescent detection with emphasis on recent advances, challenges, and trends. The works on series of novel immunosensors developed for the determination of tumor markers in our group in the last few years are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Lin J, Yan F, Hu X, Ju H. Chemiluminescent immunosensor for CA19-9 based on antigen immobilization on a cross-linked chitosan membrane. J Immunol Methods 2004; 291:165-74. [PMID: 15345314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Revised: 04/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemiluminescent immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) based on the immobilization of CA19-9 on the cross-linked chitosan membrane was developed. The different membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared spectrum, respectively. Based on a noncompetitive immunoassay format, this proposed chemiluminescent immunosensor enabled a low-cost, flexible and rapid determination for CA19-9 in combination with flow injection analysis (FIA). After an off-line incubation of the analyte CA19-9 with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anti-CA19-9, the mixture was injected into the immunosensor, which led to the trapping of free HRP-labeled anti-CA19-9 by the immobilized antigen in the immunosensor. The trapped HRP-labeled antibody was detected by chemiluminescence due to its catalytic activity following the reaction of luminol and H2O2. Under optimal conditions, the decreased chemiluminescent signal of the immunosensor was proportional to the CA19-9 concentration in the range of 2.0-25 U/ml with a detection limit of 1.0 U/ml. The immunosensor showed an acceptable accuracy and good reproducibility. The results of 20 human serum samples detected by this method were in acceptable agreement with those obtained by immunoradiometric assay. The proposed immunosensor provided a new promising tool for practical clinical detection of the serum CA19-9 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Science, Laboratory of Life Analytical Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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21
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Lin J, Yan F, Ju H. Noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen by flow injection chemiluminescence. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 341:109-15. [PMID: 14967165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2003] [Revised: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, many automated immunoassay analyzers have been developed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to overcome the shortcomings in traditional immunoassay methods that are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Flow injection immunoassay (FIIA) has been increasingly applied to laboratory medicine due to its ease in automation, rapid speed and reproducible results. It is important to develop a FIIA method for CEA determination. METHODS Based on a noncompetitive immunoassay format, a CEA-immobilized immunoaffinity column inserted in the flow system was used to trap the unbound horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody after an off-line incubation of CEA and HRP-labeled anti-CEA. The trapped enzyme conjugate was detected by injecting substrates to produce an enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). RESULTS The linear range for CEA was 1.0-25 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and a detection limit of 0.5 ng/ml. The sampling and chemiluminescence detection time for one sample was 5 min after a preincubation procedure of 25 min. Twenty five human serum samples detected by this method were in good agreement with the results obtained by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). CONCLUSIONS This method could be used for rapid analysis of CEA and potentially other antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Reunanen J, Saris PEJ. Microplate bioassay for nisin in foods, based on nisin-induced green fluorescent protein fluorescence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:4214-8. [PMID: 12839802 PMCID: PMC165165 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.7.4214-4218.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A plasmid coding for the nisin two-component regulatory proteins, NisK and NisR, was constructed; in this plasmid a gfp gene (encoding the green fluorescent protein) was placed under control of the nisin-inducible nisF promoter. The plasmid was transformed into non-nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain MG1614. The new strain could sense extracellular nisin and transduce it to green fluorescent protein fluorescence. The amount of fluorescence was dependent on the nisin concentration, and it could be measured easily. By using this strain, an assay for quantification of nisin was developed. With this method it was possible to measure as little as 2.5 ng of pure nisin per ml in culture supernatant, 45 ng of nisin per ml in milk, 0.9 microg of nisin in cheese, and 1 microg of nisin per ml in salad dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reunanen
- Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Luo JX, Yang XC. Flow injection chemiluminescent immunoassay with para-phenylphenol and sodium tetraphenylborate as synergistic enhancers. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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