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Rajkovic A, Jovanovic J, Monteiro S, Decleer M, Andjelkovic M, Foubert A, Beloglazova N, Tsilla V, Sas B, Madder A, De Saeger S, Uyttendaele M. Detection of toxins involved in foodborne diseases caused by Gram‐positive bacteria. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1605-1657. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Rajkovic
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jelena Jovanovic
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Silvia Monteiro
- Laboratorio Analises, Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Marlies Decleer
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer SafetyService for Chemical Residues and Contaminants Brussels Belgium
| | - Astrid Foubert
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Natalia Beloglazova
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Nanotechnology Education and Research CenterSouth Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Varvara Tsilla
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Benedikt Sas
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Laboratorium for Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
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Gauglitz G. Critical assessment of relevant methods in the field of biosensors with direct optical detection based on fibers and waveguides using plasmonic, resonance, and interference effects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3317-3349. [PMID: 32313998 PMCID: PMC7214504 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct optical detection has proven to be a highly interesting tool in biomolecular interaction analysis to be used in drug discovery, ligand/receptor interactions, environmental analysis, clinical diagnostics, screening of large data volumes in immunology, cancer therapy, or personalized medicine. In this review, the fundamental optical principles and applications are reviewed. Devices are based on concepts such as refractometry, evanescent field, waveguides modes, reflectometry, resonance and/or interference. They are realized in ring resonators; prism couplers; surface plasmon resonance; resonant mirror; Bragg grating; grating couplers; photonic crystals, Mach-Zehnder, Young, Hartman interferometers; backscattering; ellipsometry; or reflectance interferometry. The physical theories of various optical principles have already been reviewed in detail elsewhere and are therefore only cited. This review provides an overall survey on the application of these methods in direct optical biosensing. The "historical" development of the main principles is given to understand the various, and sometimes only slightly modified variations published as "new" methods or the use of a new acronym and commercialization by different companies. Improvement of optics is only one way to increase the quality of biosensors. Additional essential aspects are the surface modification of transducers, immobilization strategies, selection of recognition elements, the influence of non-specific interaction, selectivity, and sensitivity. Furthermore, papers use for reporting minimal amounts of detectable analyte terms such as value of mass, moles, grams, or mol/L which are difficult to compare. Both these essential aspects (i.e., biochemistry and the presentation of LOD values) can be discussed only in brief (but references are provided) in order to prevent the paper from becoming too long. The review will concentrate on a comparison of the optical methods, their application, and the resulting bioanalytical quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Gauglitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Balahura LR, Stefan-Van Staden RI, Van Staden JF, Aboul-Enein HY. Advances in immunosensors for clinical applications. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 40:40-51. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1543704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana-Roxana Balahura
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Ioana Stefan-Van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jacobus Frederick Van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, The Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Umesha S, Manukumar HM. Advanced molecular diagnostic techniques for detection of food-borne pathogens: Current applications and future challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:84-104. [PMID: 26745757 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of disease-causing microbes from the food supply is a primary goal and this review deals with the overall techniques available for detection of food-borne pathogens. Now-a-days conventional methods are replaced by advanced methods like Biosensors, Nucleic Acid-based Tests (NAT), and different PCR-based techniques used in molecular biology to identify specific pathogens. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and pathogens are detected in contaminated food items that cause always diseases in human in any one or the other way. Identification of food-borne pathogens in a short period of time is still a challenge to the scientific field in general and food technology in particular. The low level of food contamination by major pathogens requires specific sensitive detection platforms and the present area of hot research looking forward to new nanomolecular techniques for nanomaterials, make them suitable for the development of assays with high sensitivity, response time, and portability. With the sound of these, we attempt to highlight a comprehensive overview about food-borne pathogen detection by rapid, sensitive, accurate, and cost affordable in situ analytical methods from conventional methods to recent molecular approaches for advanced food and microbiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umesha
- a Department of Studies in Biotechnology , University of Mysore, Manasagangotri , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | - H M Manukumar
- a Department of Studies in Biotechnology , University of Mysore, Manasagangotri , Mysore , Karnataka , India
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Integration of an Optical Ring Resonator Biosensor into a Self-Contained Microfluidic Cartridge with Active, Single-Shot Micropumps. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7090153. [PMID: 30404337 PMCID: PMC6189757 DOI: 10.3390/mi7090153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While there have been huge advances in the field of biosensors during the last decade, their integration into a microfluidic environment avoiding external tubing and pumping is still neglected. Herein, we show a new microfluidic design that integrates multiple reservoirs for reagent storage and single-use electrochemical pumps for time-controlled delivery of the liquids. The cartridge has been tested and validated with a silicon nitride-based photonic biosensor incorporating multiple optical ring resonators as sensing elements and an immunoassay as a potential target application. Based on experimental results obtained with a demonstration model, subcomponents were designed and existing protocols were adapted. The newly-designed microfluidic cartridges and photonic sensors were separately characterized on a technical basis and performed well. Afterwards, the sensor was functionalized for a protein detection. The microfluidic cartridge was loaded with the necessary assay reagents. The integrated pumps were programmed to drive the single process steps of an immunoassay. The prototype worked selectively, but only with a low sensitivity. Further work must be carried out to optimize biofunctionalization of the optical ring resonators and to have a more suitable flow velocity progression to enhance the system’s reproducibility.
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Silvestri EE, Perkins SD, Rice EW, Stone H, Schaefer FW. Review of processing and analytical methods for Francisella tularensis in soil and water. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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7
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Saravanan P, Rajaseger G, Eric YPH, Moochhala S. Botulinum Toxin: Present Knowledge and Threats. BIOLOGICAL TOXINS AND BIOTERRORISM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5869-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Integrated planar optical waveguide interferometer biosensors: A comparative review. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:287-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Singh AK, Stanker LH, Sharma SK. Botulinum neurotoxin: where are we with detection technologies? Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 39:43-56. [PMID: 22676403 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.691457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Because of its high toxicity, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) poses a significant risk to humans and it represents a possible biological warfare agent. Nevertheless, BoNT serotypes A and B are considered an effective treatment for a variety of neurological disorders. The growing applicability of BoNT as a drug, and its potential use as a biological threat agent, highlight the urgent need to develop sensitive detection assays and therapeutic counter measures. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in BoNT detection technologies but none have fully replaced the mouse lethality assay, the current "gold standard". Recently, new advances in robotics and the availability of new reagents have allowed development of methods for rapid toxin analysis. These technologies while promising need further refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Singh
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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A bioanalytical platform for simultaneous detection and quantification of biological toxins. SENSORS 2012; 12:2324-39. [PMID: 22438766 PMCID: PMC3304168 DOI: 10.3390/s120202324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevalent incidents support the notion that toxins, produced by bacteria, fungi, plants or animals are increasingly responsible for food poisoning or intoxication. Owing to their high toxicity some toxins are also regarded as potential biological warfare agents. Accordingly, control, detection and neutralization of toxic substances are a considerable economic burden to food safety, health care and military biodefense. The present contribution describes a new versatile instrument and related procedures for array-based simultaneous detection of bacterial and plant toxins using a bioanalytical platform which combines the specificity of covalently immobilized capture probes with a dedicated instrumentation and immuno-based microarray analytics. The bioanalytical platform consists of a microstructured polymer slide serving both as support of printed arrays and as incubation chamber. The platform further includes an easy-to-operate instrument for simultaneous slide processing at selectable assay temperature. Cy5 coupled streptavidin is used as unifying fluorescent tracer. Fluorescence image analysis and signal quantitation allow determination of the toxin's identity and concentration. The system's performance has been investigated by immunological detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and the plant toxin ricin. Toxins were detectable at levels as low as 0.5-1 ng · mL(-1) in buffer or in raw milk.
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Dorner MB, Schulz KM, Kull S, Dorner BG. Complexity of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Challenges for Detection Technology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45790-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Liu N, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Gao Z. Rapid Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by Two-Dimensional Molecularly Imprinted Film-Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalance. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.633186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Photonic biosensor assays to detect and distinguish subspecies of Francisella tularensis. SENSORS 2011; 11:3004-19. [PMID: 22163782 PMCID: PMC3231581 DOI: 10.3390/s110303004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of photonic biosensor assays to diagnose the category-A select agent Francisella tularensis was investigated. Both interferometric and long period fiber grating sensing structures were successfully demonstrated; both these sensors are capable of detecting the optical changes induced by either immunological binding or DNA hybridization. Detection was made possible by the attachment of DNA probes or immunoglobulins (IgG) directly to the fiber surface via layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. An optical fiber biosensor was tested using a standard transmission mode long period fiber grating of length 15 mm and period 260 μm, and coated with the IgG fraction of antiserum to F. tularensis. The IgG was deposited onto the optical fiber surface in a nanostructured film, and the resulting refractive index change was measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The presence of F. tularensis was detected from the decrease of peak wavelength caused by binding of specific antigen. Detection and differentiation of F. tularensis subspecies tularensis (type A strain TI0902) and subspecies holarctica (type B strain LVS) was further accomplished using a single-mode multi-cavity fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor. These sensors were prepared by depositing seven polymer bilayers onto the fiber tip followed by attaching one of two DNA probes: (a) a 101-bp probe from the yhhW gene unique to type-A strains, or (b) a 117-bp probe of the lpnA gene, common to both type-A and type-B strains. The yhhW probe was reactive with the type-A, but not the type-B strain. Probe lpnA was reactive with both type-A and type-B strains. Nanogram quantities of the target DNA could be detected, highlighting the sensitivity of this method for DNA detection without the use of PCR. The DNA probe reacted with 100% homologous target DNA, but did not react with sequences containing 2-bp mismatches, indicating the high specificity of the assay. These assays will fill an important void that exists for rapid, culture-free, and field-compatible diagnosis of F. tularensis.
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An overview of foodborne pathogen detection: In the perspective of biosensors. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:232-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 805] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pauly D, Kirchner S, Stoermann B, Schreiber T, Kaulfuss S, Schade R, Zbinden R, Avondet MA, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. Simultaneous quantification of five bacterial and plant toxins from complex matrices using a multiplexed fluorescent magnetic suspension assay. Analyst 2009; 134:2028-39. [PMID: 19768210 DOI: 10.1039/b911525k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteotoxins such as ricin, abrin, botulinum neurotoxins type A and B (BoNT/A, BoNT/B) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) are regarded as potential biological warfare agents which could be used for bioterrorism attacks on the food chain. In this study we used a novel immunisation strategy to generate high-affinity monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against native ricin, BoNT/A, and BoNT/B. The antibodies were used along with antibodies against SEB and abrin to establish a highly sensitive magnetic and fluorescent multiplex bead array with excellent sensitivities between 2 ng/L and 546 ng/L from a minimal sample volume of 50 microL. The assay was validated using 20 different related analytes and the assay precision was determined. Advancing the existing bead array technology, the novel magnetic and fluorescent microbeads proved amenable to enrichment procedures, by further increasing sensitivity to 0.3-85 ng/L, starting from a sample volume of 500 microL. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied for the simultaneous identification of the target toxins spiked into complex food matrices like milk, baby food and yoghurt. On the basis of our results, the assay appears to be a good tool for large-scale screening of samples from the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pauly
- Center for Biological Safety, Microbial Toxins (ZBS3), Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Labib M, Hedström M, Amin M, Mattiasson B. A capacitive biosensor for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1539-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Pohanka M, Skládal P. Piezoelectric immunosensor for the direct and rapid detection of Francisella tularensis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008; 52:325-30. [PMID: 18062180 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel immunosensing device based on a piezoelectric sensor for direct detection of the biological warfare agent Francisella tularensis was developed. This sensor includes mouse polyclonal antibody immobilized in a layer of protein A covalently linked to the gold electrode of the sensor. The immunosensor is able to detect F. tularensis with the limit of detection 10(5) CFU/mL with a typical measuring cycle > 5 min. The sensor was successfully evaluated for rapid detection of F. tularensis spikes in drinking water and milk; no deterioration of sensitivity in comparison with buffer solutions was observed. The proposed concept of a rapid measurement of microbial agents seems to be promising for evaluation of samples after short pre-cultivation enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pohanka
- Center of Biological Defense, 561 66 Tĕchonín, Czechia
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18
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Antimicrobial Peptides: New Recognition Molecules for Detecting Botulinum Toxins. SENSORS 2007; 7:2808-2824. [PMID: 28903262 PMCID: PMC3965214 DOI: 10.3390/s7112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for protection against harmful microbes. The present study describes detection of botulinum neurotoxoids A, B and E using AMPs as recognition elements in an array biosensor. While AMP affinities were similar to those for anti-botulinum antibodies, differences in binding patterns were observed and can potentially be used for identification of toxoid serotype. Furthermore, some AMPs also demonstrated superior detection sensitivity compared to antibodies: toxoid A could be detected at 3.5 LD50 of the active toxin in a 75-min assay, whereas toxoids B and E were detected at 14 and 80 LD50 for their respective toxins.
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Ler SG, Lee FK, Gopalakrishnakone P. Trends in detection of warfare agents. Detection methods for ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B and T-2 toxin. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:1-12. [PMID: 16996531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the different detection methods available for ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and T-2 toxin is presented here. These toxins are potential biological warfare agents (BWA). The aim of this review is not to cover all the papers that had been published but rather to give an overall picture of the trend in the detection methodologies for potential biological warfare agents as we do see the emerging threats from these three toxins. The advantages and disadvantages of each methodology as well as the detection limit will be reviewed. It seems that mass spectrometry has created a niche for analysis of proteinaceous toxins, ricin and SEB as well as molecular toxin, T-2 toxin given its high sensitivity, high selectivity, high specificity and capability to identify and quantify unknown agents simultaneously in a short time frame. But its main drawbacks are its sophisticated instrumentation and its high cost. Improvised immunoassay may be an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siok Ghee Ler
- Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Gooding JJ. Biosensor technology for detecting biological warfare agents: Recent progress and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Sapsford KE, Taitt CR, Loo N, Ligler FS. Biosensor detection of botulinum toxoid A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:5590-2. [PMID: 16151154 PMCID: PMC1214668 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.9.5590-5592.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays were developed for the simultaneous detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B and botulinum toxoid A in buffer, with limits of detection of 0.1 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively. The toxins were also spiked and measured in a variety of food samples, including canned tomatoes, sweet corn, green beans, mushrooms, and tuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- George Mason University, 10910 University Boulevard, MS 4E3, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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Scarlatos A, Welt BA, Cooper BY, Archer D, DeMarse T, Chau KV. Methods for Detecting Botulinum Toxin with Applicability to Screening Foods Against Biological Terrorist Attacks. J Food Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb11525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Rucker VC, Havenstrite KL, Herr AE. Antibody microarrays for native toxin detection. Anal Biochem 2005; 339:262-70. [PMID: 15797567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed antibody-based microarray techniques for the multiplexed detection of cholera toxin beta-subunit, diphtheria toxin, anthrax lethal factor and protective antigen, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B, and tetanus toxin C fragment in spiked samples. Two detection schemes were investigated: (i) a direct assay in which fluorescently labeled toxins were captured directly by the antibody array and (ii) a competition assay that employed unlabeled toxins as reporters for the quantification of native toxin in solution. In the direct assay, fluorescence measured at each array element is correlated with labeled toxin concentration to yield baseline binding information (Langmuir isotherms and affinity constants). Extending from the direct assay, the competition assay yields information on the presence, identity, and concentration of toxins. A significant advantage of the competition assay over reported profiling assays is the minimal sample preparation required prior to analysis because the competition assay obviates the need to fluorescently label native proteins in the sample of interest. Sigmoidal calibration curves and detection limits were established for both assay formats. Although the sensitivity of the direct assay is superior to that of the competition assay, detection limits for unmodified toxins in the competition assay are comparable to values reported previously for sandwich-format immunoassays of antibodies arrayed on planar substrates. As a demonstration of the potential of the competition assay for unlabeled toxin detection, we conclude with a straightforward multiplexed assay for the differentiation and identification of both native S. aureus enterotoxin B and tetanus toxin C fragment in spiked dilute serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Rucker
- Biosystems Research Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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Pohanka M, Skládal P. Piezoelectric Immunosensor forFrancisella tularensisDetection Using Immunoglobulin M in a Limiting Dilution. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200047764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Vernozy-Rozand C, Mazuy-Cruchaudet C, Bavai C, Richard Y. Comparison of three immunological methods for detecting staphylococcal enterotoxins from food. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 39:490-4. [PMID: 15548300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immunologically based assays for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins are numerous. These techniques include radio immunosorbent assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), some of which are available as commercial kits. The purpose of this study was to compare the performances of three commercial immunoassays. METHODS AND RESULTS Two automated detection systems, VIDAS SET bioMèrieux, VIDAS SET2 bioMérieux and an ELISA method, TRANSIA PLATE Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Diffchamb were compared for detecting different quantities of purified staphylococcal enterotoxins (A, B, C2, D and E) added to food. CONCLUSIONS VIDAS SET2 had a greater specificity (100%) and sensitivity than VIDAS SET and TRANSIA PLATE Staphylococcal Enterotoxins. More precisely, VIDAS SET2 could detect <0.5 ng g(-1) of toxins A and B, <1 ng g(-1) of toxins C2 and E and 1 ng g(-1) of toxins D and E. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Because staphylococcal food poisoning (resulting from ingestion of low levels of staphylococcal enterotoxins) is one of the most common forms of foodborne illness there is a need for specific and sensitive methods for detecting these enterotoxins. VIDAS SET2 appears to be suitable for detecting staphylococcal enterotoxins from food.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vernozy-Rozand
- Unité de Microbiologie Alimentaire et Prèvisionnelle - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'étoile France.
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Lechuga LM. Chapter 5 Optical biosensors. BIOSENSORS AND MODERN BIOSPECIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(05)44005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Oh BK, Lee W, Kim YK, Lee WH, Choi JW. Surface plasmon resonance immunosensor using self-assembled protein G for the detection of Salmonella paratyphi. J Biotechnol 2004; 111:1-8. [PMID: 15196764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Revised: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based immunosensor using self-assembled protein G was developed for the detection of Salmonella paratyphi. In order to endow a solid substrate binding affinity to protein G, the free amine (-NH2) of protein G was substituted into thiol (-SH) using 2-iminothiolane. Thus, self-assembled protein G was fabricated on gold (Au) substrate. The formation of protein G layer on Au surface, and the binding of antibody and antigen in series were confirmed by SPR spectroscopy. The surface morphology analysis of the protein G layer on Au surface was performed by atomic force microscope (AFM). Consequently, an immunosensor based on SPR for the detection of S. paratyphi using self-assembled protein G was developed with a detection range of 10(2)-10(7) CFU/ml. The current fabrication technique of a SPR immunosensor for the detection of S. paratyphi could be applied to construct other immnosensors or protein chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Keun Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 1 Shinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
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Keren S, Horowitz M. Distributed three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating refractometer for biochemical sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2003; 28:2037-2039. [PMID: 14587807 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.002037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a three-dimensional (3-D) distributed refractometer that measures refractive index in a small volume. The sensor is based on an evanescent-wave fiber Bragg grating that is interrogated by low-coherence spectral interferometry. The measurement can be performed on a short time scale without the need for a mechanical scan. The new sensor was used to simultaneously measure glucose concentration in several droplets along a single sensor and to interrogate the time-dependent evaporation process of a water droplet. The new measurement technique might enable novel 3-D distributed sensors to be developed and multiple discrete measurements to be made in a small volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keren
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Miyamoto T, Kamikado H, Kobayashi H, Honjoh KI, Iio M. Immunomagnetic flow cytometric detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in raw and dry milk. J Food Prot 2003; 66:1222-6. [PMID: 12870756 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-66.7.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in raw and dry milk samples with the use of antibody-based immunomagnetic separation (IMS) in conjunction with flow cytometry (FCM) was developed. Sheep anti-SEB immunoglobulin G (IgG) was immobilized on Dynabeads M-280. The SEB initially binds to the capturing antibody, which is bound on the magnetic beads. The rabbit anti-SEB IgG binds to the captured toxin and is further labeled with a Cy5-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody. The percentage of the beads that were fluorescent was measured by FCM. FCM was carried out for 1 min, and the data obtained were expressed as histograms for particle size (forward light scatter) and histograms for fluorescence intensity. A peak corresponding to the magnetic beads was clearly distinguished from a peak derived from contaminating particles in the sample solution. In the absence of SEB, about 10% of the beads emitted fluorescence. The percentage of fluorescent beads and the fluorescence intensity increased with increasing SEB concentrations. For this IMS-FCM assay, the lower limits of detection for SEB were estimated to be 0.01 and 0.25 ng/ml for buffer and milk samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Kuhlmeier D, Rodda E, Kolarik LO, Furlong DN, Bilitewski U. Application of atomic force microscopy and grating coupler for the characterization of biosensor surfaces. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:925-36. [PMID: 12713916 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and an optical grating coupler system were used to improve the understanding of the biosensing layer on a Ta(2)O(5)-light-guiding surface. Exemplary, we investigated the immobilization of the protein avidin, the subsequent binding of biotinylated oligonucleotides and hybridization of a complementary 12-mer. The AFM measurements revealed the height of approximately 1.6 nm for a single avidin molecule, while the thickness of the avidin layer on the biosensor surface seemed to be 2.8-3.0 nm. This result lead to the conclusion that the protein was not forming a simple monolayer. However, the thickness of the avidin layer could not be determined directly, but only after shifting of protein by the tip of the AFM leading to grooves of 1 micro m(2) and approximately 3 nm depth. As the height of oxide particles forming the waveguide surface was also in the range of 1.5 nm, the depth of these grooves could also be a result of the deposition of proteins on top of the oxide particles. This was consistent with the increased roughness of the surface after protein binding. Thus, investigations with the grating coupler were used to determine quantitatively the amount of immobilized avidin. On a biotinylated surface the amount of immobilized avidin lead to the assumption of a complete monolayer, whereas simple adsorption proved to be less efficient. A binding ratio of 1:1.3 for avidin and a biotinylated oligonucleotide was achieved. Up to 83% of the bound single strand were accessible for a subsequent hybridization reaction with a 12-mer. These results supported the model of avidin being deposited mainly on top of the oxide particles leading to the picture of a 'rough' complete protein monolayer, which was postulated from the AFM investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kuhlmeier
- German Research Centre for Biotechnology Ltd. (GBF), Division of Biochemical Engineering, Mascheroder Weg 1, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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Naimushin AN, Soelberg SD, Nguyen DK, Dunlap L, Bartholomew D, Elkind J, Melendez J, Furlong CE. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B at femtomolar levels with a miniature integrated two-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:573-84. [PMID: 11959480 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors offer the capability for continuous real-time monitoring. The commercial instruments available have been large in size, expensive, and not amenable to field applications. We report here an SPR sensor system based on a prototype two-channel system similar to the single channel Spreeta devices. This system is an ideal candidate for field use. The two-channel design provides a reference channel to compensate for bulk refractive index (RI), non-specific binding and temperature variations. The SPR software includes a calibration function that normalizes the response from both channels, thus enabling accurate referencing. In addition, a temperature-controlled enclosure utilizing a thermo-electric module based on the Peltier effect provides the temperature stability necessary for accurate measurements of RI. The complete SPR sensor system can be powered by a 12V battery. Pre-functionalized, disposable, gold-coated thin glass slides provide easily renewable sensor elements for the system. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), a small protein toxin was directly detectable at sub-nanomolar levels and with amplification at femtomolar levels. A regeneration procedure for the sensor surface allowed for over 60 direct detection cycles in a 1-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei N Naimushin
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. USA
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Slavík R, Homola J, Brynda E. A miniature fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor for fast detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:591-5. [PMID: 11959482 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is reported. The sensor is based on spectral interrogation of surface plasmons in a miniature sensing element based on a side-polished single-mode optical fiber with a thin metal overlayer. For specific detection of SEB, the SPR sensor is functionalized with a covalently crosslinked double-layer of antibodies against SEB. The SPR biosensor is demonstrated to be able to detect ng/ml concentrations of SEB in less than 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Slavík
- Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, AS CR, Chaberská 57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic
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Homola J, Dostálek J, Chen S, Rasooly A, Jiang S, Yee SS. Spectral surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 75:61-9. [PMID: 11999118 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluates a newly developed wavelength modulation-based SPR biosensor for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in milk. Two modes of operation of the SPR biosensor are described: direct detection of SEB and sandwich assay. In the sandwich assay detection mode, secondary antibodies are bound to the already captured toxin to amplify sensor response. Samples including SEB in buffer and SEB in milk were analyzed in this work. The SPR biosensor has been shown to be capable of directly detecting concentrations of SEB in buffer as low as 5 ng/ml. In sandwich detection mode, the lowest detection limit was determined to be 0.5 ng/ml for both buffer and milk samples. The reported wavelength modulation-based SPR sensor provides a generic platform which can be tailored for detection of various foodborne pathogens and agents for food analysis and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirí Homola
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
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Pavlin JA, Gilchrist MJR, Osweiler GD, Woollen NE. Diagnostic analyses of biological agent-caused syndromes: laboratory and technical assistance. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2002; 20:331-50. [PMID: 12120482 DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8627(01)00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of a bioterrorism attack can be greatly reduced by collaboration among primary healthcare providers, laboratories, the veterinary community, public health officials, and emergency response personnel. Improved communication and coordination are essential to make this happen. As a first-line provider, the emergency physician must keep in mind the possibility of bioterrorism and alert the laboratory so that samples can be processed in the correct fashion. New and exciting developments in laboratory organization, communication, and diagnostic capabilities will ensure that all patients receive the best possible care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Pavlin
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosensors are affinity ligand-based biosensor solid-state devices in which the immunochemical reaction is coupled to a transducer. The fundamental basis of all immunosensors is the specificity of the molecular recognition of antigens by antibodies to form a stable complex. This is similar to the immunoassay methodology. Immunosensors can be categorized based on the detection principle applied. The main developments are electrochemical, optical, and microgravimetric immunosensors. In contrast to immunoassay, modern transducer technology enables the label-free detection and quantification of the immune complex. METHODS The analysis of trace substances in environmental science, pharmaceutical and food industries is a challenge since many of these applications demand a continuous monitoring mode. The use of immunosensors in these applications is most appropriate. Similarly, a series of clinical problems may be solved by continuous monitoring of certain analytes. CONCLUSIONS Clinical chemists should take advantage of immunosensors in clinical diagnostics. There are many recent developments in the immunosensor field which have potential impacts. The future role of this technique in intralaboratory, as well as bedside testing, will become even more important as the clinical laboratory is faced with increasing pressure to contain costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Luppa
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
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