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Richardson P. Applications of fluorine to the construction of bioisosteric elements for the purposes of novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1261-1286. [PMID: 34074189 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1933427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction There continues to be an exponential rise in the number of small molecule drugs that contain either a fluorine atom or a fluorinated fragment. While the unique properties of fluorine enable the precise modulation of a molecule's physicochemical properties, strategic bioisosteric replacement of fragments with fluorinated moieties represents an area of significant growth.Areas covered This review discusses the strategic employment of fluorine substitution in the design and development of bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry. In addition, the classic exploitation of trifluoroethylamine group as an amide bioisostere is discussed. In each of the case studies presented, emphasis is placed on the context-dependent influence of the fluorinated fragment on the overall properties/binding of the compound of interest.Expert opinion Whereas utilization of bioisosteric replacements to modify molecular structures is commonplace within drug discovery, the overarching lesson to be learned is that the chances of success with this strategy significantly increase as the knowledge of the structure/environment of the biological target grows. Coupled to this, breakthroughs and learnings achieved using bioisosteres within a specific program are context-based, and though may be helpful in guiding future intuition, will not necessarily be directly translated to future programs. Another important point is to bear in mind what implications a structural change based on a bioisosteric replacement will have on the candidate molecule. Finally, the development of new methods and reagents for the controlled regioselective introduction of fluorine and fluorinated moieties into biologically relevant compounds particularly in drug discovery remains a contemporary challenge in organic chemistry.
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Chen T, Zhu G, Meng X, Zhang X. Recent developments of small molecules with anti-inflammatory activities for the treatment of acute lung injury. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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O’Sullivan S, Wang J, Radomski MW, Gilmer JF, Medina C. Novel Barbiturate-Nitrate Compounds Inhibit the Upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Expression in Intestinal Inflammation through a cGMP-Mediated Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050808. [PMID: 32466182 PMCID: PMC7277209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease. Barbiturate nitrate hybrid compounds have been designed to inhibit MMP secretion and enzyme activity. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of barbiturate-nitrate hybrid compounds and their component parts using models of intestinal inflammation in vitro. Cytokine-stimulated Caco-2 cells were used in all in vitro experiments. The NO donors SNAP and DETA-NONOate were used to study the effect of NO on MMP-9 mRNA. Mechanistic elucidation was carried out using the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, ODQ, and the cGMP analogue, 8-Bromo-cGMP. Further experiments were carried out to elucidate the role of NF-κB. NO donors exerted an inhibitory effect on MMP-9 mRNA in cytokine-stimulated cells. While the non-nitrate barbiturates had a limited effect on MMP-9 expression, the hybrid compounds inhibited MMP-9 expression through its NO-mimetic properties. No effect could be observed on mRNA for MMP-1 or MMP-2. The sGC inhibitior, ODQ, abolished the nitrate-barbiturate inhibition of MMP-9 gene expression, an effect which was reversed by 8-Br-cGMP. This study shows that the barbiturate scaffold is suitable for hybrid design as an MMP-9 inhibitor in cytokine-stimulated Caco-2 cells. The inhibition of MMP-9 levels was largely mediated through a reduction in its mRNA by a sGC/cGMP pathway mediated mechanism.
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Schwegmann K, Hohn M, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Riemann B, Haufe G, Wagner S, Breyholz HJ. Optimizing the Biodistribution of Radiofluorinated Barbiturate Tracers for Matrix Metalloproteinase Imaging by Introduction of Fluorescent Dyes as Pharmacokinetic Modulators. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1117-1132. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schwegmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hohn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Breyholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Breyholz HJ, Kopka K, Schäfers M, Wagner S. Syntheses of Radioiodinated Pyrimidine-2,4,6-Triones as Potential Agents for Non-Invasive Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10020049. [PMID: 28556793 PMCID: PMC5490406 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression or activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is observed in many kinds of live-threatening diseases. Therefore, MMP imaging for example with radiolabelled MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) potentially represents a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics using non-invasive single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. This work includes the organic chemical syntheses and in vitro evaluation of five iodinated barbiturate based MMPIs and the selection of derivative 9 for radiosyntheses of isotopologues [123I]9 potentially useful for MMP SPECT imaging and [124I]9 for MMP PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Breyholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Investigational and Therapeutic Tools in Unrestrained Tissue Remodeling and Pathological Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:355-420. [PMID: 28662828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that degrade various proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs may also regulate the activity of membrane receptors and postreceptor signaling mechanisms and thereby affect cell function. The MMP family includes collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and other MMPs. Inactive proMMPs are cleaved by other MMPs or proteases into active MMPs, which interact with various protein substrates in ECM and cell surface. MMPs regulate important biological processes such as vascular remodeling and angiogenesis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm. The role of MMPs is often assessed by measuring their mRNA expression, protein levels, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. MMP inhibitors are also used to assess the role of MMPs in different biological processes and pathological conditions. MMP activity is regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the MMP/TIMP balance could determine the net MMP activity, ECM turnover, and tissue remodeling. Also, several synthetic MMP inhibitors have been developed. Synthetic MMP inhibitors include a large number of zinc-binding globulins (ZBGs), in addition to non-ZBGs and mechanism-based inhibitors. MMP inhibitors have been proposed as potential tools in the management of osteoarthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. However, most MMP inhibitors have broad-spectrum actions on multiple MMPs and could cause undesirable musculoskeletal side effects. Currently, doxycycline is the only MMP inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration. New generation biological and synthetic MMP inhibitors may show greater MMP specificity and fewer side effects and could be useful in targeting specific MMPs, reducing unrestrained tissue remodeling, and the management of MMP-related pathological disorders.
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He W, Jiang J, Yu ZQ, Zhou JH. Novel 5-Hydroxy, 5-Substituted Benzenesulfonamide Pyrimidine-2,4,6-Triones Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibition of the Gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:251-7. [PMID: 27455162 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical Research A novel series of ten 5-hydroxy, 5-substituted benzene sulfonamide pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones were synthesized and their structures ascertained using (1) H-NMR, (13) C-NMR, mass and elemental analysis. These compounds were subsequently tested for inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 where most exhibited activity with compound 5i being the most potent against MMP-2 and MMP-9 with IC50 values of 2.35 nM and 8.24 nM, respectively. Compound 5i was further analyzed in a mouse LPS-induced acute lung injury model where it had protective activity. Histochemical studies indicated that 5i improved the vascular integrity of the lung. Drug Dev Res 77 : 251-257, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Qian Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Best D, Burns DJ, Lam HW. Direct Synthesis of 5-Aryl Barbituric Acids by Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Reactions of Arenes with Diazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7410-3. [PMID: 25959544 PMCID: PMC4479025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A commercially available rhodium(II) complex catalyzes the direct arylation of 5-diazobarbituric acids with arenes, allowing straightforward access to 5-aryl barbituric acids. Free N—H groups are tolerated on the barbituric acid, with no complications arising from N—H insertion processes. This method was applied to the concise synthesis of a potent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Best
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - David J Burns
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK).
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Best D, Burns DJ, Lam HW. Direct Synthesis of 5-Aryl Barbituric Acids by Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Reactions of Arenes with Diazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-hydroxy, 5-substituted-pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones as potent inhibitors of gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:368-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Gupta SP, Patil VM. Specificity of binding with matrix metalloproteinases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 103:35-56. [PMID: 22642189 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0364-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate a wide range of biological functions; hence, they have invited great attention for the studies on their structures and functions, and since their overactivation leads to several diseases, the design and discovery of their potent inhibitors have become the need of the day. Since there have been so far discovered 28 different types of human MMPs, the specificity of binding of inhibitors with each different MMP needs special attention. The chapter presents the X-ray crystallographic and NMR studies on three-dimensional structures of a number of MMPs to reveal their catalytic site, subsites, specificity of binding with substrate and inhibitors, and catalytic mechanism. In addition to catalytic site, MMPs possess some subsites designated by unprimed and primed S, e.g., S1, S2, S3 and S1', S2', S3'. Among these, the S1' pocket varies the most among the different MMPs varying in both the amino acid makeup and depth of the pocket (shallow, intermediate, and deep pocket MMPs). This, along with the flexibility in the structures of MMPs, could be of great help in the design and the development of selective MMP inhibitors (MMPIs). The determination of affinity of inhibitors and the cleavage position of peptide substrates is mainly based on P1'-S1' interaction (P1', the group in inhibitor or substrate binding to S1' pocket of the enzyme), and it is the main determinant for the affinity of inhibitors and the cleavage position of peptide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya P Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as investigative tools in the pathogenesis and management of vascular disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 103:209-79. [PMID: 22642194 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0364-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs could also regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates and consequently affect different cellular functions. Members of the MMPs family include collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and others. Pro-MMPs are cleaved into active MMPs, which in turn act on various substrates in the ECM and on the cell surface. MMPs play an important role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. MMPs may also be involved in vascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and varicose veins. MMPs also play a role in the hemodynamic and vascular changes associated with pregnancy and preeclampsia. The role of MMPs is commonly assessed by measuring their gene expression, protein amount, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. Because there are no specific activators of MMPs, MMP inhibitors are often used to investigate the role of MMPs in different physiologic processes and in the pathogenesis of specific diseases. MMP inhibitors include endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and pharmacological inhibitors such as zinc chelators, doxycycline, and marimastat. MMP inhibitors have been evaluated as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer, autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease. Although several MMP inhibitors have been synthesized and tested both experimentally and clinically, only one MMP inhibitor, i.e., doxycycline, is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This is mainly due to the undesirable side effects of MMP inhibitors especially on the musculoskeletal system. While most experimental and clinical trials of MMP inhibitors have not demonstrated significant benefits, some trials still showed promising results. With the advent of new genetic and pharmacological tools, disease-specific MMP inhibitors with fewer undesirable effects are being developed and could be useful in the management of vascular disease.
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Giangreco I, Lattanzi G, Nicolotti O, Catto M, Laghezza A, Leonetti F, Stefanachi A, Carotti A. Insights into the complex formed by matrix metalloproteinase-2 and alloxan inhibitors: molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25597. [PMID: 21998672 PMCID: PMC3187794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are well-known biological targets implicated in tumour progression, homeostatic regulation, innate immunity, impaired delivery of pro-apoptotic ligands, and the release and cleavage of cell-surface receptors. Hence, the development of potent and selective inhibitors targeting these enzymes continues to be eagerly sought. In this paper, a number of alloxan-based compounds, initially conceived to bias other therapeutically relevant enzymes, were rationally modified and successfully repurposed to inhibit MMP-2 (also named gelatinase A) in the nanomolar range. Importantly, the alloxan core makes its debut as zinc binding group since it ensures a stable tetrahedral coordination of the catalytic zinc ion in concert with the three histidines of the HExxHxxGxxH metzincin signature motif, further stabilized by a hydrogen bond with the glutamate residue belonging to the same motif. The molecular decoration of the alloxan core with a biphenyl privileged structure allowed to sample the deep S1′ specificity pocket of MMP-2 and to relate the high affinity towards this enzyme with the chance of forming a hydrogen bond network with the backbone of Leu116 and Asn147 and the side chains of Tyr144, Thr145 and Arg149 at the bottom of the pocket. The effect of even slight structural changes in determining the interaction at the S1′ subsite of MMP-2 as well as the nature and strength of the binding is elucidated via molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. Among the herein presented compounds, the highest affinity (pIC50 = 7.06) is found for BAM, a compound exhibiting also selectivity (>20) towards MMP-2, as compared to MMP-9, the other member of the gelatinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Giangreco
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lattanzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Centro Ricerche Tires, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail: (GL); (ON)
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Centro Ricerche Tires, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail: (GL); (ON)
| | - Marco Catto
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Carotti
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Centro Ricerche Tires, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Radiofluorinated pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones as molecular probes for noninvasive MMP-targeted imaging. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:777-89. [PMID: 20373323 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases. Representing a subfamily of the metzincin superfamily, MMPs are involved in the proteolytic degradation of components of the extracellular matrix. Unregulated MMP expression, MMP dysregulation and locally increased MMP activity are common features of various diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, arthritis, and others. Therefore, activated MMPs are suitable biological targets for the specific visualization of such pathologies, in particular by using radiolabeled MMP inhibitors (MMPIs). The aim of this work was to develop a radiofluorinated molecular probe for noninvasive in vivo imaging for the detection of up-regulated levels of activated MMPs in the living organism. Fluorinated MMPIs (26, 31 and 38) based on the pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione lead structure RO 28-2653 (1) were synthesized, and their MMP inhibition potency was evaluated in vitro. The radiosynthesis and the in vivo biodistribution of the first (18)F-labeled prototype, MMP-targeted tracer [(18)F]26, suitable for molecular imaging by means of positron emission tomography (PET) were realized.
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15
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Li JJ, Johnson AR. Selective MMP13 inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2010; 31:863-94. [PMID: 20196103 DOI: 10.1002/med.20204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacology of MMP13 and MMP13 selective inhibitors is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jack Li
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.
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Tochtrop GP, Sadhukhan S, Koner RR, Ghosh S. The syntheses and applications of β-benzylmercaptoethylamine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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To bind zinc or not to bind zinc: an examination of innovative approaches to improved metalloproteinase inhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1803:72-94. [PMID: 19712708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This short review highlights some recent advances in matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) design and development. Three distinct approaches to improved MMP inhibition are discussed: (1) the identification and investigation of novel zinc-binding groups (ZBGs), (2) the study of non-zinc-binding MMPi, and (3) mechanism-based MMPi that form covalent adducts with the protein. Each of these strategies is discussed and their respective advantages and remaining challenges are highlighted. The studies discussed here bode well for the development of ever more selective, potent, and well-tolerated MMPi for treating several important disease pathologies.
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Ghosh S, Tochtrop GP. A new strategy for the synthesis of β-benzylmercaptoethylamine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:1723-1726. [PMID: 23741077 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a new experimental approach to the synthesis of the β-benzylmercaptoethylamine functionality and illustrate its synthetic utility in multi-component reactions. Although prevalent in modern organic synthesis, no general methods have been described for this functionality. Using a carefully developed LiOH-water-ethanol reaction mixture we were able to produce a diverse collection of β-benzylmercaptoethylamines containing a range of sensitive functional groups in excellent yields. To further illustrate their utility in molecular library synthesis, we also report the use of β-benzylmercaptoethylamines in five different multi-component reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
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19
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Lauer-Fields JL, Minond D, Chase PS, Baillargeon PE, Saldanha SA, Stawikowska R, Hodder P, Fields GB. High throughput screening of potentially selective MMP-13 exosite inhibitors utilizing a triple-helical FRET substrate. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:990-1005. [PMID: 18358729 PMCID: PMC3298815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The major components of the cartilage extracellular matrix are type II collagen and aggrecan. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) has been implicated as the protease responsible for collagen degradation in cartilage during osteoarthritis (OA). In the present study, a triple-helical FRET substrate has been utilized for high throughput screening (HTS) of MMP-13 with the MLSCN compound library (n approximately 65,000). Thirty-four compounds from the HTS produced pharmacological dose-response curves. A secondary screen using RP-HPLC validated 25 compounds as MMP-13 inhibitors. Twelve of these compounds were selected for counter-screening with 6 representative MMP family members. Five compounds were found to be broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors, 3 inhibited MMP-13 and one other MMP, and 4 were selective for MMP-13. One of the selective inhibitors was more active against MMP-13 triple-helical peptidase activity compared with single-stranded peptidase activity. Since the THP FRET substrate has distinct conformational features that may interact with MMP secondary binding sites (exosites), novel non-active site-binding inhibitors may be identified via HTS protocols utilizing such assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle L. Lauer-Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- Lead Identification Department, The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, 5353 Parkside Drive, RF-1, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Peter S. Chase
- Lead Identification Department, The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, 5353 Parkside Drive, RF-1, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Pierre E. Baillargeon
- Lead Identification Department, The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, 5353 Parkside Drive, RF-1, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - S. Adrian Saldanha
- Lead Identification Department, The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, 5353 Parkside Drive, RF-1, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Roma Stawikowska
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
| | - Peter Hodder
- Lead Identification Department, The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, 5353 Parkside Drive, RF-1, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Gregg B. Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
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20
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Jagodzinska M, Huguenot F, Candiani G, Zanda M. Assessing the Bioisosterism of the Trifluoromethyl Group with a Protease Probe. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:49-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jagodzinska
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano (Italy)
| | - Florent Huguenot
- C.N.R.–Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano (Italy), Fax: (+39) 02‐2399‐3080
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano (Italy)
| | - Matteo Zanda
- C.N.R.–Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano (Italy), Fax: (+39) 02‐2399‐3080
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21
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Novel multicomponent reactions of primary amines and alkyl propiolates with alloxan derivatives in water. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Potent, selective spiropyrrolidine pyrimidinetrione inhibitors of MMP-13. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Poroikov V, Filimonov D, Lagunin A, Gloriozova T, Zakharov A. PASS: identification of probable targets and mechanisms of toxicity. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 18:101-10. [PMID: 17365962 DOI: 10.1080/10629360601054032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of chemical compound is a complex phenomenon that may be caused by its interaction with different targets in the organism. Two distinct types of toxicity can be broadly specified: the first one is caused by the strong compound's interaction with a single target (e.g. AChE inhibition); while the second one is caused by the moderate compound's interaction with many various targets. Computer program PASS predicts about 2500 kinds of biological activities based on the structural formula of chemical compounds. Prediction is based on the robust analysis of structure-activity relationships for about 60,000 biologically active compounds. Mean accuracy exceeds 90% in leave-one-out cross-validation. In addition to some kinds of adverse effects and specific toxicity (e.g. carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, etc.), PASS predicts approximately 2000 kinds of biological activities at the molecular level, that providing an estimated profile of compound's action in biological space. Such profiles can be used to recognize the most probable targets, interaction with which might be a reason of compound's toxicity. Applications of PASS predictions for analysis of probable targets and mechanisms of toxicity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaya Street 10, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
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24
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Duan JJW, Chen L, Lu Z, Jiang B, Asakawa N, Sheppeck JE, Liu RQ, Covington MB, Pitts W, Kim SH, Decicco CP. Discovery of low nanomolar non-hydroxamate inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:266-71. [PMID: 17027261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using a pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione motif as a zinc-binding group, a series of selective inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) was discovered. Optimization of initial lead 1 resulted in a potent inhibitor (51), with an IC(50) of 2 nM in a porcine TACE assay. To the best of our knowledge, compound 51 and related analogues represent first examples of non-hydroxamate-based inhibitors of TACE with single digit nanomolar potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J-W Duan
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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25
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Reiter LA, Freeman-Cook KD, Jones CS, Martinelli GJ, Antipas AS, Berliner MA, Datta K, Downs JT, Eskra JD, Forman MD, Greer EM, Guzman R, Hardink JR, Janat F, Keene NF, Laird ER, Liras JL, Lopresti-Morrow LL, Mitchell PG, Pandit J, Robertson D, Sperger D, Vaughn-Bowser ML, Waller DM, Yocum SA. Potent, selective pyrimidinetrione-based inhibitors of MMP-13. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5822-6. [PMID: 16942871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using SAR from two related series of pyrimidinetrione-based inhibitors, compounds with potent MMP-13 inhibition and >100-fold selectivity against other MMPs have been identified. Despite high molecular weights, clogPs, and polar surface areas, the compounds are generally well absorbed and have excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) properties when dosed as sodium salts. In a rat fibrosis model, a compound from the series displayed no fibrosis at exposures many fold greater than its MMP-13 IC50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Reiter
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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26
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Pirard B, Matter H. Matrix Metalloproteinase Target Family Landscape: A Chemometrical Approach to Ligand Selectivity Based on Protein Binding Site Analysis. J Med Chem 2005; 49:51-69. [PMID: 16392792 DOI: 10.1021/jm050363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into the structural determinants for the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, we characterized the binding sites of 56 MMP structures and one TACE (tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme) structure using molecular interaction fields (MIFs). These MIFs were produced by two approaches: the GRID force field and the knowledge-based potential DrugScore. The subsequent statistical analysis using consensus principal component analysis (CPCA) for the entire binding site and each subpockets revealed both approaches to encode similar information about discriminating regions. However, the relative importance of the probes varied between both approaches. The CPCA models provided the following ranking of the six subpockets based on the opportunity for selective interactions with different MMPs: S1' > S2, S3, S3' > S1, S2'. The interpretation of these models agreed with experimental binding modes inferred from crystal structures or docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Pirard
- Science and Medical Affairs, Chemical Sciences, Drug Design, Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH, a Company of the Sanofi-Aventis Group, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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27
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Duan JJW, Lu Z, Wasserman ZR, Liu RQ, Covington MB, Decicco CP. Non-hydroxamate 5-phenylpyrimidine-2,4,6-trione derivatives as selective inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2970-3. [PMID: 15908214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) were discovered with a pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione in place of the commonly used hydroxamic acid. These non-hydroxamate TACE inhibitors were developed by incorporating a 4-(2-methyl-4-quinolinylmethoxy)phenyl group, an optimized TACE selective P1' group. Several leads were identified with IC50 values around 100 nM in a porcine TACE assay and selective over MMP-1, -2, -9, -13, and aggrecanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J-W Duan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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28
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Breyholz HJ, Schäfers M, Wagner S, Höltke C, Faust A, Rabeneck H, Levkau B, Schober O, Kopka K. C-5-Disubstituted Barbiturates as Potential Molecular Probes for Noninvasive Matrix Metalloproteinase Imaging. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3400-9. [PMID: 15857146 DOI: 10.1021/jm049145x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between inflammation, metastasis, or atherosclerosis and the unbalanced or culminated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The molecular imaging of locally upregulated MMP activity in vivo is a clinical challenge. Actually, radioligands based on nonpeptidyl MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) are currently in development as putative radiopharmaceutical agents for the noninvasive in vivo assessment of activated MMPs. Nonpeptidyl MMPIs bind to the zinc active site of the activated enzyme via mono- (e.g. carboxylate) or bidentate (e.g. hydroxamate) complexation thereby exhibiting a broad-spectrum MMP binding potency. Thus, these mentioned endopeptidase inhibitors should be useable lead compounds for the redevelopment as diagnostic MMPI radiotracers. Recently, the non-hydroxamate C-5-disubstituted pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones were disclosed as subgroup-selective MMP inhibitors. We here describe a set of fine-tuned barbiturates as a new class of MMPI radiotracers for the noninvasive in vivo visualization of activated MMPs using scintigraphic techniques such as SPECT or PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Breyholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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29
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Breuer E, Frant J, Reich R. Recent non-hydroxamate matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Blagg JA, Noe MC, Wolf-Gouveia LA, Reiter LA, Laird ER, Chang SPP, Danley DE, Downs JT, Elliott NC, Eskra JD, Griffiths RJ, Hardink JR, Haugeto AI, Jones CS, Liras JL, Lopresti-Morrow LL, Mitchell PG, Pandit J, Robinson RP, Subramanyam C, Vaughn-Bowser ML, Yocum SA. Potent pyrimidinetrione-based inhibitors of MMP-13 with enhanced selectivity over MMP-14. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1807-10. [PMID: 15780611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Revised: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Through the use of computational modeling, a series of pyrimidinetrione-based inhibitors of MMP-13 was designed based on a lead inhibitor identified through file screening. Incorporation of a biaryl ether moiety at the C-5 position of the pyrimidinetrione ring resulted in a dramatic enhancement of MMP-13 potency. Protein crystallography revealed that this moiety binds in the S(1)(') pocket of the enzyme. Optimization of the C-4 substituent of the terminal aromatic ring led to incorporation of selectivity versus MMP-14 (MT-1 MMP). Structure activity relationships of the biaryl ether substituent are presented as is pharmacokinetic data for a compound that meets our in vitro potency and selectivity goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Blagg
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, MS8220-2471, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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31
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Connell RD, Beebe JS. Patent focus on cancer chemotherapeutics. IV Angiogenesis agents: April 2001 - August 2001. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.11.12.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Kim SH, Pudzianowski AT, Leavitt KJ, Barbosa J, McDonnell PA, Metzler WJ, Rankin BM, Liu R, Vaccaro W, Pitts W. Structure-based design of potent and selective inhibitors of collagenase-3 (MMP-13). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1101-6. [PMID: 15686921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Computer aided drug design led to a new class of spiro-barbiturates (e.g., 4a, MMP-13 K(i)=4.7 nM) that are potent inhibitors of MMP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soong-Hoon Kim
- Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Pharmaceutical Research Institute, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08560, USA.
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33
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Engel CK, Pirard B, Schimanski S, Kirsch R, Habermann J, Klingler O, Schlotte V, Weithmann KU, Wendt KU. Structural Basis for the Highly Selective Inhibition of MMP-13. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:181-9. [PMID: 15734645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Revised: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are under investigation for the treatment of cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Here, we report a class of highly selective MMP-13 inhibitors (pyrimidine dicarboxamides) that exhibit no detectable activity against other MMPs. The high-resolution X-ray structures of three molecules of this series bound to MMP-13 reveal a novel binding mode characterized by the absence of interactions between the inhibitors and the catalytic zinc. The inhibitors bind in the S1' pocket and extend into an additional S1' side pocket, which is unique to MMP-13. We analyze the determinants for selectivity and describe the rational design of improved compounds with low nanomolar affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Engel
- Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH, A Company of the Sanofi-Aventis Group, Industrial Park Hoechst, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
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34
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Verma RP, Kurup A, Hansch C. On the role of polarizability in QSAR. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:237-55. [PMID: 15582468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The polarizability of a molecule, an important physical property, is currently attracting our attention particularly in the area of QSAR for chemical-biological interactions. In this report, the polarizability effects on ligand-substrate interactions has been discussed in terms of NVE (number of valence electrons) using additive values for valence electrons and the formulation of a total number of 51 QSAR. The QSAR model can be illustrated by Eq. I. log 1/C = a(NVE) +/- constant
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35
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Daniewski AR, Liu W, Okabe M. An Improved Synthesis of the Selective Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor, Ro 28-2653. Org Process Res Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/op049965j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej R. Daniewski
- Chemical Synthesis - Process Research, Non-Clinical Development, Pre-Clinical Research and Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, U.S.A
| | - Wen Liu
- Chemical Synthesis - Process Research, Non-Clinical Development, Pre-Clinical Research and Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, U.S.A
| | - Masami Okabe
- Chemical Synthesis - Process Research, Non-Clinical Development, Pre-Clinical Research and Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, U.S.A
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36
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Dunten P, Kammlott U, Crowther R, Levin W, Foley LH, Wang P, Palermo R. X-ray structure of a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor complexed to stromelysin. Protein Sci 2001; 10:923-6. [PMID: 11316871 PMCID: PMC2374200 DOI: 10.1110/ps.48401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new class of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors has been identified by screening a collection of compounds against stromelysin. The inhibitors, 2,4,6-pyrimidine triones, have proven to be potent inhibitors of gelatinases A and B. An X-ray crystal structure of one representative compound bound to the catalytic domain of stromelysin shows that the compounds bind at the active site and ligand the active-site zinc. The pyrimidine triones mimic substrates in forming hydrogen bonds to key residues in the active site, and provide opportunities for placing appropriately chosen groups into the S1' specificity pocket of MMPS: A number of compounds have been synthesized and assayed against stromelysin, and the variations in potency are explained in terms of the binding mode revealed in the X-ray crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dunten
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA.
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