1
|
Das P, Gondo S, Nagender P, Uno H, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Access to benzo-fused nine-membered heterocyclic alkenes with a trifluoromethyl carbinol moiety via a double decarboxylative formal ring-expansion process under palladium catalysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3276-3281. [PMID: 29732106 PMCID: PMC5915791 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05447e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct access to pharmaceutically attractive benzo-fused nine-membered heterocyclic alkenes 3 with a trifluoromethyl carbinol moiety was achieved via a palladium-catalyzed double-decarboxylative formal ring-expansion process from six-membered trifluoromethyl benzo[d][1,3]oxazinones 1 to nine-membered trifluoromethyl benzo[c][1,5]oxazonines 3 in the presence of vinylethylene carbonates 2. Generation of a Pd-π-allyl zwitterionic intermediate was proposed in the catalytic cycle. The trifluoromethyl group in the benzoxazinanones 1 plays an important role throughout the transformation. Diastereoselective chemical transformations of products 3 were also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pulakesh Das
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences , Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Satoshi Gondo
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences , Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Punna Nagender
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences , Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Hiroto Uno
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences , Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences , Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences , Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Avenue , 321004 Jinhua , China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang D, Wan C, He M, Che C, Xiao Y, Fu B, Qin Z. Design, synthesis, crystal structure and fungicidal activity of ( E)-5-(methoxyimino)-3,5-dihydrobenzo[ e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1 H)-one analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1007-1014. [PMID: 30108816 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A practical method of four-step synthesis towards novel (E)-5-(methoxyimino)-3,5-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1H)-one antifungals is presented, where a commercially available pesticide and pharmacology intermediate, (E)-methyl 2-(2-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetate (1), was used as starting material. These compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure. Via in vitro fungicidal evaluation, the moderate to high activities of several compounds against eight phytopathogenic fungi were demonstrated. Especially, the fungicidal activities of compounds 5-03 and 5-09 were comparable to those of the controls azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin in precise virulence measurements for four fungi. These results suggested that dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]oxazepin-4(1H)-one analogues could be considered as potential fungicidal candidates for crop protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Yang
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Chuan Wan
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - MengMeng He
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Chuanliang Che
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Bin Fu
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 (0)10 62732958
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meiresonne T, Verniest G, De Kimpe N, Mangelinckx S. Synthesis of 2-Fluoro-1,4-benzoxazines and 2-Fluoro-1,4-benzoxazepin-5-ones by Exploring the Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution (SNV) Reaction of gem-Difluoroenamides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5111-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Meiresonne
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido Verniest
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carter PH, Dean T, Bhayana B, Khatri A, Rajur R, Gardella TJ. Actions of the small molecule ligands SW106 and AH-3960 on the type-1 parathyroid hormone receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:307-21. [PMID: 25584411 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTHR1) plays critical roles in regulating blood calcium levels and bone metabolism and is thus of interest for small-molecule ligand development. Of the few small-molecule ligands reported for the PTHR1, most are of low affinity, and none has a well-defined mechanism of action. Here, we show that SW106 and AH-3960, compounds previously identified to act as an antagonist and agonist, respectively, on the PTHR1, each bind to PTHR1-delNT, a PTHR1 construct that lacks the large amino-terminal extracellular domain used for binding endogenous PTH peptide ligands, with the same micromolar affinity with which it binds to the intact PTHR1. SW106 antagonized PTHR1-mediated cAMP signaling induced by the peptide analog, M-PTH(1-11), as well as by the native PTH(1-9) sequence, as tethered to the extracellular end of transmembrane domain (TMD) helix-1 of the receptor. SW106, however, did not function as an inverse agonist on either PTHR1-H223R or PTHR1-T410P, which have activating mutations at the cytoplasmic ends of TMD helices 2 and 6, respectively. The overall data indicate that SW106 and AH-3960 each bind to the PTHR1 TMD region and likely to within an extracellularly exposed area that is occupied by the N-terminal residues of PTH peptides. Additionally, they suggest that the inhibitory effects of SW106 are limited to the extracellular portions of the TMD region that mediate interactions with agonist ligands but do not extend to receptor-activation determinants situated more deeply in the helical bundle. The study helps to elucidate potential mechanisms of small-molecule binding at the PTHR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Percy H Carter
- Endocrine Unit (T.D., A.K., T.J.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02492; Department of Photomedicine (B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02492; CreaGen Biosciences, Inc (R.R.), Woburn, Massachusetts 01801; and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co (P.H.C.), Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Moliner F, Bigatti M, De Rosa C, Banfi L, Riva R, Basso A. Synthesis of triazolo-fused benzoxazepines and benzoxazepinones via Passerini reactions followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Mol Divers 2014; 18:473-82. [PMID: 24894969 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Azidobenzaldehydes can be used in Passerini three-component condensations to synthesize small collections of triazolo-fused heterocycles in an efficient and combinatorial fashion upon post-condensation azide-alkyne cycloadditions. Triazolo-fused benzoxazepinones were obtained in moderate to good overall yields with a concise two-step protocol. Triazolo-fused benzoxazepines were instead prepared by means of a longer, yet straightforward route comprising a Passerini reaction, hydrolysis of the ester moiety, O-alkylation with propargylic bromides, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Moliner
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 , Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amiri M, Ajloo D. QSAR and docking studies on the diaryltriazine analogs as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
7
|
Zhan P, Chen X, Li D, Fang Z, De Clercq E, Liu X. HIV-1 NNRTIs: structural diversity, pharmacophore similarity, and implications for drug design. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E1-72. [PMID: 21523792 DOI: 10.1002/med.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nowadays represent very potent and most promising anti-AIDS agents that specifically target the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). However, the effectiveness of NNRTI drugs can be hampered by rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses and severe side effects upon long-term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel, highly potent NNRTIs with broad spectrum antiviral activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties, and more efficient strategies that facilitate and shorten the drug discovery process would be extremely beneficial. Fortunately, the structural diversity of NNRTIs provided a wide space for novel lead discovery, and the pharmacophore similarity of NNRTIs gave valuable hints for lead discovery and optimization. More importantly, with the continued efforts in the development of computational tools and increased crystallographic information on RT/NNRTI complexes, structure-based approaches using a combination of traditional medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and computational chemistry are being used increasingly in the design of NNRTIs. First, this review covers two decades of research and development for various NNRTI families based on their chemical scaffolds, and then describes the structural similarity of NNRTIs. We have attempted to assemble a comprehensive overview of the general approaches in NNRTI lead discovery and optimization reported in the literature during the last decade. The successful applications of medicinal chemistry strategies, crystallography, and computational tools for designing novel NNRTIs are highlighted. Future directions for research are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan HA, Kou KGM, Dong VM. Nitrogen-directed ketone hydroacylation: Enantioselective synthesis of benzoxazecinones. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
9
|
Avery LB, Parsons TL, Meyers DJ, Hubbard WC. A highly sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) technique for quantitation of protein free and bound efavirenz (EFV) in human seminal and blood plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:3217-24. [PMID: 21036679 PMCID: PMC3000541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A combined UPLC-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) technique has been validated for quantitation of protein free efavirenz (EFV) as well as total concentrations of EFV in human blood and seminal plasma. The analytical method possesses capabilities for concentration measurements of EFV ranging from 0.5 to 10,000ng/ml with an accuracy (%dev) of -5.2-8.0% and precision (%CV) of <8%. Standard curves were linear with coefficients of variation (r(2)) >0.98. The method employs a racemic fluorinated analog of EFV (F-EFV) as the internal standard. EFV and F-EFV were eluted from a reverse-phase UPLC column via gradient elution with detection via negative ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). EFV and F-EFV, respectively, were detected via the following MRM transitions: m/z 314.0>244.1 and m/z 298.0>227.9. The time required for the analysis of each sample was 8.0min. The analytical technique is capable of a reliable detection limit of ∼15-20fmol of EFV injected on column.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Avery
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Osler 527, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carter PH, Liu RQ, Foster WR, Tamasi JA, Tebben AJ, Favata M, Staal A, Cvijic ME, French MH, Dell V, Apanovitch D, Lei M, Zhao Q, Cunningham M, Decicco CP, Trzaskos JM, Feyen JHM. Discovery of a small molecule antagonist of the parathyroid hormone receptor by using an N-terminal parathyroid hormone peptide probe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6846-51. [PMID: 17428923 PMCID: PMC1871873 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605125104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Once-daily s.c. administration of either human parathyroid hormone (PTH)-(1-84) or recombinant human PTH-(1-34) provides for dramatic increases in bone mass in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. We initiated a program to discover orally bioavailable small molecule equivalents of these peptides. A traditional high-throughput screening approach using cAMP activation of the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PPR) as a readout failed to provide any lead compounds. Accordingly, we designed a new screen for this receptor that used a modified N-terminal fragment of PTH as a probe for small molecule binding to the transmembrane region of the PPR, driven by the assumption that the pharmacological properties (agonist/antagonist) of compounds that bound to this putative signaling domain of the PPR could be altered by chemical modification. We developed DPC-AJ1951, a 14 amino acid peptide that acts as a potent agonist of the PPR, and characterized its activity in ex vivo and in vivo assays of bone resorption. In addition, we studied its ability to initiate gene transcription by using microarray technology. Together, these experiments indicated that the highly modified 14 amino acid peptide induces qualitatively similar biological responses to those produced by PTH-(1-34), albeit with lower potency relative to the parent peptide. Encouraged by these data, we performed a screen of a small compound collection by using DPC-AJ1951 as the ligand. These studies led to the identification of the benzoxazepinone SW106, a previously unrecognized small molecule antagonist for the PPR. The binding of SW106 to the PPR was rationalized by using a homology receptor model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Percy H Carter
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duchowicz PR, Fernández M, Caballero J, Castro EA, Fernández FM. QSAR for non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5876-89. [PMID: 16766190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
By means of QSAR algorithms we model the potency pIC(90) [mM] of 154 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) of the wild-type HIV-1 virus, considered as the second generation analogues of Efavirenz. In addition, 56 inhibitors of the K-103N viral mutant form are also investigated. A pool of 1494 theoretical molecular descriptors provided mainly by the Dragon 5 software is explored by several methods of variable selection: forward stepwise regression, the replacement method, and the genetic algorithm approach. The optimal models found include up to seven parameters: R = 0.7991, R(l-20%-o) = 0.7233 for the case of wild-type, and R = 0.9261, R(l-5%-o) = 0.8802 for the K-103N mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo R Duchowicz
- INIFTA, División Química Teórica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64, Suc. 4 C. C. 16, (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Z, Zheng M, Du L, Shen J, Luo X, Zhu W, Jiang H. Towards discovering dual functional inhibitors against both wild type and K103N mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptases: molecular docking and QSAR studies on 4,1-benzoxazepinone analogues. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2006; 20:281-93. [PMID: 16897578 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-006-9050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To find useful information for discovering dual functional inhibitors against both wild type (WT) and K103N mutant reverse transcriptases (RTs) of HIV-1, molecular docking and 3D-QSAR approaches were applied to a set of twenty-five 4,1-benzoxazepinone analogues of efavirenz (SUSTIVA), some of them are active against the two RTs. 3D-QSAR models were constructed, based on their binding conformations determined by molecular docking, with r(2)(cv) values ranging from 0.656 to 0.834 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. The models were then validated to be highly predictive and extrapolative by inhibitors in two test sets with different molecular skeletons. Furthermore, CoMFA models were found to be well matched with the binding sites of both WT and K103N RTs. Finally, a reasonable pharmacophore model of 4,1-benzoxazepinones were established. The application of the model not only successfully differentiated the experimentally determined inhibitors from non-inhibitors, but also discovered two potent inhibitors from the compound database SPECS. On the basis of both the 3D-QSAR and pharmacophore models, new clues for discovering and designing potent dual functional drug leads against HIV-1 were proposed: (i) adopting positively charged aliphatic group at the cis-substituent of C3; (ii) reducing the electronic density at the position of O4; (iii) positioning a small branched aliphatic group at position of C5; (iv) using the negatively charged bulky substituents at position of C7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshan Zhang
- Center for Drug Discovery and Design, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pungpo P, Saparpakorn P, Wolschann P, Hannongbua S. Computer-aided molecular design of highly potent HIV-1 RT inhibitors: 3D QSAR and molecular docking studies of efavirenz derivatives. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2006; 17:353-70. [PMID: 16920659 DOI: 10.1080/10629360600884520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ligand- and structure-based design approaches have been applied to an extended series of 74 efavirenz compounds effectively inhibiting wild type (WT) and mutant type (K103N) HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). For ligand-based approach, three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) methods, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), were performed. The starting geometry of efavirenz was obtained from X-ray crystallographic data. The efavirenz derivatives were constructed and fully optimized by ab-initio molecular orbital method at HF/3-21G level. Reliable QSAR models for high predictive abilities were developed. Regarding WT and K103N inhibitions, CoMFA models with r2/cv = 0.651 and 0.678 and CoMSIA models with r2/cv = 0.662 and 0.743 were derived, respectively. The interpretation obtained from the models highlights different structural requirements for inhibition of WT and K103N HIV-1 RT. To elucidate potential binding modes of efavirenz derivatives in the binding pocket of WT and K103N HIV-1 RT, structure-based approach based on computational docking studies of selected efavirenz compounds were performed by using GOLD and FlexX programs. The results derived from docking analysis give additional information and further probe the inhibitor-enzyme interactions. The correlation of the results obtained from 3D QSAR and docking models validate each other and lead to better understanding of the structural requirements for the activity. Therefore, these integrated results are informative to provide key features and a helpful guideline for novel compound design active against HIV-1 RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pungpo
- Faculty of Science, Ubonratchathani University, Warinchamrap, UbonRatchathani, 34190, Thailand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yadav A, Singh SK. Threshold interaction energy of NRTI's (2′-deoxy 3′-substituted nucleosidic analogs of reverse transcriptase inhibitors) to undergo competitive inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2677-80. [PMID: 15109677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 01/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A quantum pharmacological study has been carried out on nucleosidic inhibitors for HIV-1RT where ab initio HF molecular orbital calculations in conjunction with other quantum mechanical techniques have been utilized in a systematic manner to understand the pharmacophoric features and evaluate specific drug-receptor interactions. The interaction energy between the drug and the closest asp 185 of the catalytic triad has been indicated to be crucial in determining the potency of the nucleosidic drug. This study also emphasizes on identifying important specific drug-receptor interactions and evaluating them at the microscopic level to understand the potency regulation as minor conformational changes may lead to significant difference in interaction energies. Although based on relatively few points our correlation of interaction energies with potency data indicates requirement of approximately 13 kcal/mol threshold interaction energy for the drug to undergo efficient competitive inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Engineering and Technology, CSJM University, Kanpur 208024, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Udier-Blagović M, Watkins EK, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen WL. Activity predictions for efavirenz analogues with the K103N mutant of HIV reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3337-40. [PMID: 12951121 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo-extended linear response (MC/ELR) calculations are used to examine the binding of efavirenz analogues with the K103N mutant of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIVRT). A regression equation previously reported for the wild type (WT) enzyme is shown to predict 47 experimental activities for the K103N mutant with a q(2)=0.55 and avg error of only 0.46 kcal/mol. Further analysis identifies the key features for binding to the K103N mutant: ligand flexibility, burial of hydrophobic surface area, and protein-ligand van der Waals interactions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- M A. Walker
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pharmaceutical Research Inst, 06492, Tel.: +39 02 2950 2223; fax: +39 02 2951 4197, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|