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Modi P, Shah BM, Patel S. Interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE): A comprehensive review on discovery and development of caspase-1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115861. [PMID: 37857145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-1 is a critical mediator of the inflammatory process by activating various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as pro-IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33. Uncontrolled activation of caspase-1 leads to various cytokines-mediated diseases. Thus, inhibition of Caspase-1 is considered therapeutically beneficial to halt the progression of such diseases. Currently, rilonacept, canakinumab and anakinra are in use for caspase-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases. However, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of these peptides limits their use as therapeutic agents. Therefore, several peptidomimetic inhibitors have been developed, but only a few compounds (VX-740, VX-765) have advanced to clinical trials; because of their toxic profile. Several small molecule inhibitors have also been progressing based on the three-dimensional structure of caspase-1. However there is no successful candidate available clinically. In this perspective, we highlight the mechanism of caspase-1 activation, its therapeutic potential as a disease target and potential therapeutic strategies targeting caspase-1 with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University Ahmedabad - 382 210, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University Ahmedabad - 382 210, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Complementary regulation of caspase-1 and IL-1β reveals additional mechanisms of dampened inflammation in bats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28939-28949. [PMID: 33106404 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003352117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats have emerged as unique mammalian vectors harboring a diverse range of highly lethal zoonotic viruses with minimal clinical disease. Despite having sustained complete genomic loss of AIM2, regulation of the downstream inflammasome response in bats is unknown. AIM2 sensing of cytoplasmic DNA triggers ASC aggregation and recruits caspase-1, the central inflammasome effector enzyme, triggering cleavage of cytokines such as IL-1β and inducing GSDMD-mediated pyroptotic cell death. Restoration of AIM2 in bat cells led to intact ASC speck formation, but intriguingly resulted in a lack of caspase-1 or consequent IL-1β activation. We further identified two residues undergoing positive selection pressures in Pteropus alecto caspase-1 that abrogate its enzymatic function and are crucial in human caspase-1 activity. Functional analysis of another bat lineage revealed a targeted mechanism for loss of Myotis davidii IL-1β cleavage and elucidated an inverse complementary relationship between caspase-1 and IL-1β, resulting in overall diminished signaling across bats of both suborders. Thus we report strategies that additionally undermine downstream inflammasome signaling in bats, limiting an overactive immune response against pathogens while potentially producing an antiinflammatory state resistant to diseases such as atherosclerosis, aging, and neurodegeneration.
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3
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Pavliuk OV, Bezugly YV, Kashkovsky VI. Ring closing metathesis strategies to isoxazole containing thiadiazepines. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv7i1p104-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic sulfamides are attractive molecules with potential application in medical chemistry. It is known that thiadiazepine-containing derivatives demonstrate promising value in the development of protease inhibitors such as HIV protease, serine protease and metaloprotease. We demonstrate here a comfortable synthetic sequence to symmetric thiadiazepines containing isoxazole substitutents. The structure of the obtained substances was confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexandr V. Pavliuk
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry,National Academy of Science of Ukraine
| | - Yuriy V. Bezugly
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry,National Academy of Science of Ukraine
| | - Volodimir I. Kashkovsky
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry,National Academy of Science of Ukraine
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4
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Truong BN, Le LH, Chau DKN, Duus F, Luu T. Ultrasound accelerated sulfonylation of amines by p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride using Mg–Al hydrotalcite as an efficient green base catalyst. J Sulphur Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2016.1193180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binh Nhat Truong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Luong Huu Le
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duy-Khiem Nguyen Chau
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Fritz Duus
- Department of Science, Systems and Models, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thi Xuan Thi Luu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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5
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Kawarski M, Hagerman TK, Karver CE. Lazaroids U83836E and U74389G are potent, time-dependent inhibitors of caspase-1. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1049-54. [PMID: 25871734 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-1 is involved in inflammatory processes and is overactive in autoimmunity and autoinflammation. Antioxidant small molecules also play a role in the immune response by decreasing inflammation. An 84-membered library of pro- and antioxidant small molecules was screened for potential inhibitors of caspase-1. Thirteen compounds were discovered to reduce the activity of caspase-1 below 30%. The most potent inhibitors were lazaroid antioxidant molecules, U83836E (B8) and U74389G (B9), displaying apparent Ki values of 48.0 and 50.0 nm, respectively. Both demonstrated a time-dependent and reversible inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kawarski
- Department of Chemistry, DePaul University, 1110 W Belden Ave, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Thomas K Hagerman
- Department of Chemistry, DePaul University, 1110 W Belden Ave, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Caitlin E Karver
- Department of Chemistry, DePaul University, 1110 W Belden Ave, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
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6
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Yao L, Zhou Q, Han W, Wei S. Copper Powder Catalyzed Direct Ring-Opening Arylation of Benzazoles with Aryl Iodides in Polyethylene Glycol. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Casini A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Sulfonamide derivatives with protease inhibitory action as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.9.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Linton SD, Aja T, Allegrini PR, Deckwerth TL, Diaz JL, Hengerer B, Herrmann J, Jahangiri KG, Kallen J, Karanewsky DS, Meduna SP, Nalley K, Robinson ED, Roggo S, Rovelli G, Sauter A, Sayers RO, Schmitz A, Smidt R, Ternansky RJ, Tomaselli KJ, Ullman BR, Wiessner C, Wu JC. Oxamyl dipeptide caspase inhibitors developed for the treatment of stroke. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2685-91. [PMID: 15109679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Structural modifications were made to a previously described acyl dipeptide caspase inhibitor, leading to the oxamyl dipeptide series. Subsequent SAR studies directed toward the warhead, P2, and P4 regions of this novel peptidomimetic are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Linton
- Idun Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9380 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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9
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Becker JW, Rotonda J, Soisson SM, Aspiotis R, Bayly C, Francoeur S, Gallant M, Garcia-Calvo M, Giroux A, Grimm E, Han Y, McKay D, Nicholson DW, Peterson E, Renaud J, Roy S, Thornberry N, Zamboni R. Reducing the Peptidyl Features of Caspase-3 Inhibitors: A Structural Analysis. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2466-74. [PMID: 15115390 DOI: 10.1021/jm0305523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are cysteine proteases that specifically cleave Asp-Xxx bonds. They are key agents in inflammation and apoptosis and are attractive targets for therapy against inflammation, neurodegeneration, ischemia, and cancer. Many caspase structures are known, but most involve either peptide or protein inhibitors, unattractive candidates for drug development. We present seven crystal structures of inhibited caspase-3 that illustrate several approaches to reducing the peptidyl characteristics of the inhibitors while maintaining their potency and selectivity. The inhibitors reduce the peptidyl nature of inhibitors while preserving binding potency by (1). exploiting a hydrophobic binding site C-terminal to the cleavage site, (2). replacing the negatively charged aspartyl residue at P4 with neutral groups, and (3). using a peptidomimetic 5,6,7-tricyclic system or a pyrazinone at P2-P3. In addition, we have found that two nicotinic acid aldehydes induce a significant conformational change in the S2 and S3 subsites of caspase-3, revealing an unexpected binding mode. These results advance the search for caspase-directed drugs by revealing how unacceptable molecular features can be removed without loss of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Becker
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Metabolic Disorders, Merck Research Laboratory, PO Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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10
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Sugahara T, Fukuda H, Iwabuchi Y. Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry of Pentenocin B, a Novel Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2004; 69:1744-7. [PMID: 14987040 DOI: 10.1021/jo035430x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Four possible diastereomers of pentenocin B were synthesized in a stereocontrolled manner, and the first total synthesis of a natural enantiomer of (+)-pentenocin B unequivocally established the absolute stereochemistry to be 4S,5R,6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Sugahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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11
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Ullman BR, Aja T, Deckwerth TL, Diaz JL, Herrmann J, Kalish VJ, Karanewsky DS, Meduna SP, Nalley K, Robinson ED, Roggo SP, Sayers RO, Schmitz A, Ternansky RJ, Tomaselli KJ, Wu JC. Structure-activity relationships within a series of caspase inhibitors: effect of leaving group modifications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:3623-6. [PMID: 14505683 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Various aryloxy methyl ketones of the 1-naphthyloxyacetyl-Val-Asp backbone have been prepared. A systematic study of their structure-activity relationship (SAR) related to caspases 1, 3, 6, and 8 is reported. Highly potent irreversible broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors have been identified. Their efficacy in cellular models of cell death and inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ullman
- Idun Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9380 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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12
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Supuran CT, Casini A, Scozzafava A. Protease inhibitors of the sulfonamide type: anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antiviral agents. Med Res Rev 2003; 23:535-58. [PMID: 12789686 DOI: 10.1002/med.10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The sulfonamides constitute an important class of drugs, with several types of pharmacological agents possessing antibacterial, anticarbonic anhydrase, diuretic, hypoglycemic, and antithyroid activity among others. A large number of structurally novel sulfonamide derivatives have ultimately been reported to show substantial protease inhibitory properties. Of particular interest are some metalloprotease inhibitors belonging to this class, which by inhibiting several matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) show interesting antitumor properties. Some of these compounds are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. The large number of sulfonamide MMP inhibitors ultimately reported also lead to the design of effective tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors, potentially useful in the treatment of inflammatory states of various types. Since both MMPs and TACE contribute synergistically to the pathophysiology of many diseases, such as arthritis, bacterial meningitis, tumor invasion; the dual inhibition of these enzymes emerged as an interesting target for the drug design of anticancer/antiinflammatory drugs, and many such sulfonamide derivatives were recently reported. Human neutrophyl elastase (HNE) inhibitors of the sulfonamide type may also be useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, such as emphysema, cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, ischemia reperfusion injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Inhibition of some cysteine proteases, such as several caspase and cathepsin isozymes, may lead to the development of pharmacological agents effective for the management of several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, brain damage, and stroke. Another research line that progressed much in the last time regards different sulfonamides with remarkable antiviral activity. Some clinically used HIV protease inhibitors (such as amprenavir) possess sulfonamide moieties in their molecules, which are critical for the potency of these drugs, as shown by means of X-ray crystallography, whereas a very large number of other derivatives are constantly being synthesized and evaluated in order to obtain compounds with lower toxicity or augmented activity against viruses resistant to the such first generation drugs. Other viral proteases, such as those isolated from several types of herpes viruses may be inhibited by sulfonamide derivatives, leading thus to more effective classes of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Rm. 188, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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13
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Linton SD, Karanewsky DS, Ternansky RJ, Wu JC, Pham B, Kodandapani L, Smidt R, Diaz JL, Fritz LC, Tomaselli KJ. Acyl dipeptides as reversible caspase inhibitors. Part 1: Initial Lead Optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2969-71. [PMID: 12270185 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Parallel synthesis was used to explore the SAR of a peptidomimetic caspase inhibitor. The most potent compound had nanomolar activity against caspases 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Linton
- Idun Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9380 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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14
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Linton SD, Karanewsky DS, Ternansky RJ, Chen N, Guo X, Jahangiri KG, Kalish VJ, Meduna SP, Robinson ED, Ullman BR, Wu JC, Pham B, Kodandapani L, Smidt R, Diaz JL, Fritz LC, von Krosigk U, Roggo S, Schmitz A, Tomaselli KJ. Acyl dipeptides as reversible caspase inhibitors. Part 2: further optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2973-5. [PMID: 12270186 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new structural class of broad spectrum caspase inhibitors was optimized for its activity against caspases 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8. The most potent compound had low nanomolar broad spectrum activity, in particular, single digit nanomolar inhibitory activity against caspase 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Linton
- Idun Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9380 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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15
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Hernandez AA, Roush WR. Recent advances in the synthesis, design and selection of cysteine protease inhibitors. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2002; 6:459-65. [PMID: 12133721 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(02)00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cysteine proteases is emerging as an important strategy for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. Intense efforts involving structure-based inhibitor design have been directed toward several cysteine proteases, including cathepsin K, calpain, human rhinovirus 3C protease and several parasitic cysteine protease targets. Other successful recent efforts have involved combinatorial synthesis and screening for identification of new inhibitor templates.
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