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Tikhomirova AA, Swift KM, Haack RA, Macdonald PJ, Hershberger SJ, Tetin SY. Acridone and acridinium constructs with red-shifted emission. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9:025006. [PMID: 33721848 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abeed8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acridinium 9-carboxylic acid derivatives have been extensively used as chemiluminescent labels in diagnostic assays. Triggering acridinium with basic hydrogen peroxide produces a highly strained dioxetanone intermediate, which converts into an acridone in an electronically excited state and emits light at 420-440 nm. Here, we introduce a novel acridinium-fluorescein construct emitting at 530 nm, in which fluorescein is covalently attached to the acridinium N-10 nitrogen via a propyl sulfonamide linker. To characterize the spectral properties of the acridinium-fluorescein chemiluminophores, we synthesized the analogous acridone-fluorescein constructs. Both acridinium and acridone were linked to either 5- or 6-carboxyfluorescein and independently synthesized as individual structural isomers. Using fluorescent acridone-fluorophore tandems, we investigated and optimized the diluent composition to prevent dye aggregation. As monomolecular species, the acridone isomers demonstrated similar absorption, excitation, and emission spectra, as well as the expected fluorescence lifetimes and molecular brightness. Chemical triggering of acridinium-fluorescein tandems, as well as direct excitation of their acridone-fluorescein analogs, resulted in a nearly complete energy transfer from acridone to fluorescein. Acridone-based dyes can be studied with steady-state spectroscopy. Thus, they will serve as useful tools for structure and solvent optimizations, as well as for studying chemiluminescent energy transfer mechanisms in related acridinium-fluorophore tandems. Direct investigations of the light-emitting molecules generated in the acridinium chemiluminescent reaction empower further development of chemiluminescent labels with red-shifted emission. As illustrated by the two-color HIV model immunoassay, such labels can find immediate applications for multicolor detection in clinical diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Tikhomirova
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, United States of America
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Sharifian S, Homaei A, Hemmati R, B Luwor R, Khajeh K. The emerging use of bioluminescence in medical research. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:74-86. [PMID: 29477474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence is the light produced by a living organism and is commonly emitted by sea life with Ca2+-regulated photoproteins being the most responsible for bioluminescence emission. Marine coelenterates provide important functions involved in essential purposes such as defense, feeding, and breeding. In this review, the main characteristics of marine photoproteins including aequorin, clytin, obelin, berovin, pholasin and symplectin from different marine organisms will be discussed. We will focused on the recent use of recombinant photoproteins in different biomedical research fields including the measurement of Ca2+ in different intracellular compartments of animal cells, as labels in the design and development of binding assays. This review will also outline how bioluminescent photoproteins have been used in a plethora of analytical methods including ultra-sensitive assays and in vivo imaging of cellular processes. Due to their unique properties including elective intracellular distribution, wide dynamic range, high signal-to-noise ratio and low Ca2+-buffering effect, recombinant photoproteins represent a promising future analytical tool in several in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Grinstead K, Joel S, Zingg JM, Dikici E, Daunert S. Enabling Aequorin for Biotechnology Applications Through Genetic Engineering. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015:149-179. [PMID: 26475468 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, luminescent proteins have been studied for their potential application in a variety of detection systems. Bioluminescent proteins, which do not require an external excitation source, are especially well-suited as reporters in analytical detection. The photoprotein aequorin is a bioluminescent protein that can be engineered for use as a molecular reporter under a wide range of conditions while maintaining its sensitivity. Herein, the characteristics of aequorin as well as the engineering and production of aequorin variants and their impact on signal detection in biological systems are presented. The structural features and activity of aequorin, its benefits as a label for sensing and applications in highly sensitive detection, as well as in gaining insight into biological processes are discussed. Among those, focus has been placed on the highly sensitive calcium detection in vivo, in vitro DNA and small molecule sensing, and development of in vivo imaging technologies. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Grinstead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Smita Joel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Browne KA, Deheyn DD, Brown RC, Weeks I. Spectrally resolved chemiluminescent probes for sensitive multiplex molecular quantification. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9222-9. [PMID: 23088160 DOI: 10.1021/ac3017423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Luminophores are frequently utilized probe labels for detecting biological analytes. Multiple fluorescent luminophores, or fluorophores, can be readily distinguished from one another based on different energy excitation and emission wavelengths and lifetimes. However, suitable methods and reagents for distinguishing multiples of the much more sensitive chemically initiated luminophores have been limited. Herein we describe a new class of hybrid luminophore probes that emit light of distinct wavelength ranges and intensities upon energy transfer (ET) from an in-common, acridinium ester chemiluminophore to a covalently conjugated fluorophore. This format supports rapid, rational design of spectrally resolvable, chemically initiated probes. Time-resolved spectrographic and luminescence characterizations indicate that ET is not dependent on overlap in the emission spectrum of the luminophore and the absorption spectra of acceptors, suggesting a non-Förster resonance ET mechanism. Analysis of a combination of the chemiluminophore and new chemiluminophore-acceptor conjugate probes demonstrates the benefits of their use in sensitive, multiplex quantification of nucleic acid sequences indicative of environmentally relevant microbes without prior enzymatic amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Browne
- Gen-Probe Incorporated, 10210 Genetic Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States.
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Browne KA, Deheyn DD, El-Hiti GA, Smith K, Weeks I. Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Nucleic Acid Targets Using Chemiluminescent Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14637-48. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202221h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Browne
- Gen-Probe Incorporated, 10210 Genetic Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Ian Weeks
- Molecular Light Technology Research Limited (now Gen-Probe Cardiff Ltd.), 5 Chiltern Close, Cardiff Industrial Park, Cardiff, Wales CF14 5DL, U.K
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Ca2+-regulated photoproteins: effective immunoassay reporters. SENSORS 2010; 10:11287-300. [PMID: 22163526 PMCID: PMC3231056 DOI: 10.3390/s101211287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-regulated photoproteins of luminous marine coelenterates are of interest and a challenge for researchers as a unique bioluminescent system and as a promising analytical instrument for both in vivo and in vitro applications. The proteins are comprehensively studied as to biochemical properties, tertiary structures, bioluminescence mechanism, etc. This knowledge, along with available recombinant proteins serves the basis for development of unique bioluminescent detection systems that are “self-contained”, triggerable, fast, highly sensitive, and non-hazardous. In the paper, we focus on the use of photoproteins as reporters in binding assays based on immunological recognition element—bioluminescent immunoassay and hybridization immunoassay, their advantages and prospects.
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de Jong LAA, Uges DRA, Franke JP, Bischoff R. Receptor–ligand binding assays: Technologies and Applications. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 829:1-25. [PMID: 16253574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/02/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-ligand interactions play a crucial role in biological systems and their measurement forms an important part of modern pharmaceutical development. Numerous assay formats are available that can be used to screen and quantify receptor ligands. In this review, we give an overview over both radioactive and non-radioactive assay technologies with emphasis on the latter. While radioreceptor assays are fast, easy to use and reproducible, their major disadvantage is that they are hazardous to human health, produce radioactive waste, require special laboratory conditions and are thus rather expensive on a large scale. This has led to the development of non-radioactive assays based on optical methods like fluorescence polarization, fluorescence resonance energy transfer or surface plasmon resonance. In light of their application in high-throughput screening environments, there has been an emphasis on so called "mix-and-measure" assays that do not require separation of bound from free ligand. The advent of recombinant production of receptors has contributed to the increased availability of specific assays and some aspects of the expression of recombinant receptors will be reviewed. Applications of receptor-ligand binding assays described in this review will relate to screening and the quantification of pharmaceuticals in biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutea A A de Jong
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University Centre for Pharmacy, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Nicolas C, Herse C, Lacour J. Catalytic aerobic photooxidation of primary benzylic amines using hindered acridinium salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Adamczyk M, Akireddy SR, Johnson DD, Mattingly PG, Pan Y, Reddy RE. Synthesis of 3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2a]pyrazine-3-ones and their chemiluminescent properties. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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