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Brandner L, Müller TJJ. Multicomponent synthesis of chromophores – The one-pot approach to functional π-systems. Front Chem 2023; 11:1124209. [PMID: 37007054 PMCID: PMC10065161 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1124209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions, conducted in a domino, sequential or consecutive fashion, have not only considerably enhanced synthetic efficiency as one-pot methodology, but they have also become an enabling tool for interdisciplinary research. The highly diversity-oriented nature of the synthetic concept allows accessing huge structural and functional space. Already some decades ago this has been recognized for life sciences, in particular, lead finding and exploration in pharma and agricultural chemistry. The quest for novel functional materials has also opened the field for diversity-oriented syntheses of functional π-systems, i.e. dyes for photonic and electronic applications based on their electronic properties. This review summarizes recent developments in MCR syntheses of functional chromophores highlighting syntheses following either the framework forming scaffold approach by establishing connectivity between chromophores or the chromogenic chromophore approach by de novo formation of chromophore of interest. Both approaches warrant rapid access to molecular functional π-systems, i.e. chromophores, fluorophores, and electrophores for various applications.
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Gouda MA, Hussein BHM, Helal MH, Salem MA. A Review: Synthesis and Medicinal Importance of Nicotinonitriles and Their Analogous. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ulla; Taibah University; Medina Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Belal H. M. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ulla; Taibah University; Medina Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science; Northern Border University; Rafha Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Al-Azhar University; 11284 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Al-Azhar University; 11284 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science; King Khalid University; Mohail Asir Saudi Arabia
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El Hage K, Piquemal JP, Hobaika Z, Maroun RG, Gresh N. Could the “Janus-like” properties of the halobenzene CX bond (XCl, Br) be leveraged to enhance molecular recognition? J Comput Chem 2014; 36:210-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krystel El Hage
- Chemistry and Biology, Nucleo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT), UMR 8601 CNRS, UFR Biomédicale; Paris France
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR EGFEM, LSIM, Faculté des Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut; B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh Beirut 1107 2050 Lebanon
| | - Jean-Philip Piquemal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, UMR7616 CNRS; Paris France
| | - Zeina Hobaika
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR EGFEM, LSIM, Faculté des Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut; B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh Beirut 1107 2050 Lebanon
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR EGFEM, LSIM, Faculté des Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut; B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh Beirut 1107 2050 Lebanon
| | - Nohad Gresh
- Chemistry and Biology, Nucleo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT), UMR 8601 CNRS, UFR Biomédicale; Paris France
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Developing consensus 3D-QSAR and pharmacophore models for several beta-secretase, farnesyl transferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Mol Model 2011; 18:675-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xie A, Odde S, Prasanna S, Doerksen RJ. Imidazole-containing farnesyltransferase inhibitors: 3D quantitative structure-activity relationships and molecular docking. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2009; 23:431-48. [PMID: 19479325 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-009-9278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the most promising anticancer and recent antimalarial targets is the heterodimeric zinc-containing protein farnesyltransferase (FT). In this work, we studied a highly diverse series of 192 Abbott-initiated imidazole-containing compounds and their FT inhibitory activities using 3D-QSAR and docking, in order to gain understanding of the interaction of these inhibitors with FT to aid development of a rational strategy for further lead optimization. We report several highly significant and predictive CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The best model, composed of CoMFA steric and electrostatic fields combined with CoMSIA hydrophobic and H-bond acceptor fields, had r (2) = 0.878, q (2) = 0.630, and r (pred) (2) = 0.614. Docking studies on the statistical outliers revealed that some of them had a different binding mode in the FT active site based on steric bulk and available active site space, explaining why the predicted activities differed from the experimental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
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6
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Matter H, Nazaré M, Güssregen S, Will D, Schreuder H, Bauer A, Urmann M, Ritter K, Wagner M, Wehner V. Evidence for CCl/CBr⋅⋅⋅π Interactions as an Important Contribution to Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:2911-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Matter H, Nazaré M, Güssregen S, Will D, Schreuder H, Bauer A, Urmann M, Ritter K, Wagner M, Wehner V. Evidence for CCl/CBr⋅⋅⋅π Interactions as an Important Contribution to Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Lin TH, Lin GL. An Anchor-Dependent Molecular Docking Process for Docking Small Flexible Molecules into Rigid Protein Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2008; 48:1638-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ci800124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thy-Hou Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Liang Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
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9
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Rozema MJ, Fickes M, McLaughlin M, Rohde B, McDermott T. Enantioselective synthesis of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor, A-345665.0. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Sivozhelezov V, Pechkova E, Nicolini C. Mapping electrostatic potential of a protein on its hydrophobic surface: Implications for crystallization of Cytochrome P450scc. J Theor Biol 2006; 241:73-80. [PMID: 16406424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calculation and combined visualization of electrostatic and hydrophobic properties of Cytochrome P450scc based on two very different homology models allowed to identify extensive hydrophobic patches with neutral electrostatic potential and mutations removing such patches and thus expecting to facilitate crystallization of Cytochrome P450scc, especially for the nanotemplate crystallization method. Implications are discussed for optimizing crystallization and other aspects of protein surface properties and protein recognition.
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11
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Lane KT, Beese LS. Thematic review series: lipid posttranslational modifications. Structural biology of protein farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase type I. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:681-99. [PMID: 16477080 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r600002-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 proteins necessary for eukaryotic cell growth, differentiation, and morphology require posttranslational modification by the covalent attachment of an isoprenoid lipid (prenylation). Prenylated proteins include members of the Ras, Rab, and Rho families, lamins, CENPE and CENPF, and the gamma subunit of many small heterotrimeric G proteins. This modification is catalyzed by the protein prenyltransferases: protein farnesyltransferase (FTase), protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), and GGTase-II (or RabGGTase). In this review, we examine the structural biology of FTase and GGTase-I (the CaaX prenyltransferases) to establish a framework for understanding the molecular basis of substrate specificity and mechanism. These enzymes have been identified in a number of species, including mammals, fungi, plants, and protists. Prenyltransferase structures include complexes that represent the major steps along the reaction path, as well as a number of complexes with clinically relevant inhibitors. Such complexes may assist in the design of inhibitors that could lead to treatments for cancer, viral infection, and a number of deadly parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly T Lane
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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12
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Li Q, Claiborne A, Li T, Hasvold L, Stoll VS, Muchmore S, Jakob CG, Gu W, Cohen J, Hutchins C, Frost D, Rosenberg SH, Sham HL. Design, synthesis, and activity of 4-quinolone and pyridone compounds as nonthiol-containing farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5367-70. [PMID: 15454228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a part of our efforts to identify potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase (FTase), modification of the structure of tipifarnib through structure-based design was undertaken by replacing the 2-quinolones with 4-quinolones and pyridones, and subsequent relocation of the D-ring to the N-methyl group on the imidazole ring. This study has yielded a novel series of potent and selective FTase inhibitors. The X-ray structure of tipifarnib (1) in complex with FTase was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Cancer Research, GPRD, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6101, USA.
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13
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Li Q, Wang GT, Li T, Gwaltney SL, Woods KW, Claiborne A, Wang X, Gu W, Cohen J, Stoll VS, Hutchins C, Frost D, Rosenberg SH, Sham HL. Synthesis and activity of 1-aryl-1′-imidazolyl methyl ethers as non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5371-6. [PMID: 15454229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazole-containing methyl ethers (4-5) have been designed and synthesized as potent and selective farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) by transposition of the D-ring to the methyl group on the imidazole of the previously reported FTIs 3. Several compounds such as 4h and 5b demonstrate superior enzymatic activity to the current benchmark compound tipifarnib (1) with IC(50) values in the lower subnanomolar range, while maintaining excellent cellular activity comparable to tipifarnib. The compounds are characterized as being simple, easier to make, and possess no chiral center involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Cancer Research, GPRD, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6101, USA.
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Polley MJ, Winkler DA, Burden FR. Broad-Based Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Modeling of Potency and Selectivity of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Using a Bayesian Regularized Neural Network. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6230-8. [PMID: 15566293 DOI: 10.1021/jm049621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the enzyme farnesyltransferase show potential as novel anticancer agents. There are many known inhibitors, but efforts to build predictive SAR models have been hampered by the structural diversity and flexibility of inhibitors. We have undertaken for the first time a QSAR study of the potency and selectivity of a large, diverse data set of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. We used novel molecular descriptors based on binned atomic properties and invariants of molecular matrices and a robust, nonlinear QSAR mapping paradigm, the Bayesian regularized neural network. We have built robust QSAR models of farnesyltransferase inhibition, geranylgeranyltransferase inhibition, and in vivo data. We have derived a novel selectivity index that allows us to model potency and selectivity simultaneously and have built robust QSAR models using this index that have the potential to discover new potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Polley
- Centre for Complexity in Drug Design, CSIRO Molecular Science, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Clayton 3169, Australia
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15
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Wang L, Wang GT, Wang X, Tong Y, Sullivan G, Park D, Leonard NM, Li Q, Cohen J, Gu WZ, Zhang H, Bauch JL, Jakob CG, Hutchins CW, Stoll VS, Marsh K, Rosenberg SH, Sham HL, Lin NH. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of 4-[(4-Cyano-2-arylbenzyloxy)-(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]benzonitriles as Potent and Selective Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:612-26. [PMID: 14736242 DOI: 10.1021/jm030434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 4-[(4-cyano-2-arylbenzyloxy)-(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]benzonitriles have been synthesized as selective farnesyltransferase inhibitors using structure-based design. X-ray cocrystal structures of compound 20-FTase-HFP and A313326-FTase-HFP confirmed our initial design. The decreased interaction between the aryl groups and Ser 48 in GGTase-I binding site could be one possible reason to explain the improved selectivity for this new series of FTase inhibitors. Medicinal chemistry efforts led to the discovery of compound 64 with potent cellular activity (EC(50) = 3.5 nM) and outstanding pharmacokinetic profiles in dog (96% bioavailable, 18.4 h oral t(1/2), and 0.19 L/(h x kg) plasma clearance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Globe Pharmaceutical R and Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6101, USA.
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