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Jiang X, Zhu L, Wei Q, Lu W, Yu J, Zhu S. Enhancing SN38 prodrug delivery using a self-immolative linker and endogenous albumin transport. J Control Release 2024; 369:622-629. [PMID: 38604383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the delivery and release efficiency of hydroxyl agents, constrained by high pKa values and issues of release rate or unstable linkage, is a critical challenge. To address this, a self-immolative linker, composed of a modifiable p-hydroxybenzyl ether and a fast cyclization adapter (N-(ortho-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylcarbamate) was strategically designed, for the synthesis of prodrugs. The innovative linker not only provides a side chain modification but also facilitates the rapid release of the active payloads, thereby enabling precise drug delivery. Particularly, five prodrug model compounds (J1, J2, J3, J5 and J6) were synthesized to evaluate the release rates by using β-glucuronic acid as trigger and five hydroxyl compounds as model payloads. Significantly, all prodrug model compounds could efficiently release the hydroxyl payloads under the action of β-glucuronidase, validating the robustness of the linker. And then, to assess the drug delivery and release efficiency using endogenous albumin as a transport vehicle, J1148, a SN38 prodrug modified with maleimide side chain was synthesized. Results demonstrated that J1148 covalently bound to plasma albumin through in situ Michael addition, effectively targeting the tumor microenvironment. Activated by β-glucuronidase, J1148 underwent a classical 1, 6-elimination, followed by rapid cyclization of the adapter, thereby releasing SN38. Impressively, J1148 showed excellent therapeutic efficacy against human colonic cancer xenograft model, leading to a significant reduction or even disappearance of tumors (3/6 of mice cured). These findings underscore the potential of the designed linker in the delivery system of hydroxyl agents, positioning it at the forefront of advancements in drug delivery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Lingyi Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Qingyu Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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2
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Herceg V, Adriouach S, Janikowska K, Allémann E, Lange N, Babič A. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of β-glucuronidase-sensitive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis of breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:372-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Huvelle S, Alouane A, Le Saux T, Jullien L, Schmidt F. Syntheses and kinetic studies of cyclisation-based self-immolative spacers. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3435-3443. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical activation has allowed the precise determination of the disassembly times of cyclisation-based self-immolative spacers. Results confirmed large differences with previously studied elimination-based self-immolative spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Huvelle
- Institut Curie
- PSL Research University
- CNRS UMR3666
- INSERM U1143
- Paris
| | - Ahmed Alouane
- Institut Curie
- PSL Research University
- CNRS UMR3666
- INSERM U1143
- Paris
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- École Normale Supérieure
- PSL Research University
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Département de Chimie
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- École Normale Supérieure
- PSL Research University
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Département de Chimie
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie
- PSL Research University
- CNRS UMR3666
- INSERM U1143
- Paris
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4
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Guan X. Metabolic Activation and Drug Targeting. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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5
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Alouane A, Labruère R, Le Saux T, Schmidt F, Jullien L. Self-immolative spacers: kinetic aspects, structure-property relationships, and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7492-509. [PMID: 26053475 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative spacers are covalent assemblies tailored to correlate the cleavage of two chemical bonds after activation of a protective part in a precursor: Upon stimulation, the protective moiety is removed, which generates a cascade of disassembling reactions leading to the temporally sequential release of smaller molecules. Originally introduced to overcome limitations for drug delivery, self-immolative spacers have gained wide interest in medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, and material science. For most applications, the kinetics of the disassembly of the activated self-immolative spacer governs functional properties. This Review addresses kinetic aspects of self-immolation. It provides information for selecting a particular self-immolative motif for a specific demand. Moreover, it should help researchers design kinetic experiments and fully exploit the rich perspectives of self-immolative spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alouane
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France).,INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France)
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France)
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France). .,CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France). .,INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France).
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France). .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France). .,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).
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6
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Alouane A, Labruère R, Le Saux T, Schmidt F, Jullien L. Selbstzerlegende Spacer: kinetische Aspekte, Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Stachulski AV, Meng X. Glucuronides from metabolites to medicines: a survey of the in vivo generation, chemical synthesis and properties of glucuronides. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:806-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Amplified release through the stimulus triggered degradation of self-immolative oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1031-45. [PMID: 21996055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous delivery systems based on polymers, dendrimers, and nano-scale assemblies have been developed to improve the properties of drug molecules. In general, for the drug molecules to be active, they must be released from these delivery systems, ideally in a selective manner at the therapeutic target. As the changes in physiological conditions are relatively subtle from one tissue to another and the concentrations of specific enzymes are often quite low, a release strategy involving the amplification of a biological signal is particularly attractive. This article describes the development of oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers based on self-immolative spacers. This new class of molecules is designed to undergo a cascade of intramolecular reactions in response to the cleavage of a trigger moiety, resulting in molecular fragmentation and the release of multiple reporter or drug molecules. Progress in the development of these materials as drug delivery vehicles and sensors will be highlighted.
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9
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Niculescu-Duvaz D, Negoita-Giras G, Niculescu-Duvaz I, Hedley D, Springer CJ. Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapies. PRODRUGS AND TARGETED DELIVERY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527633166.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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10
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DeWit MA, Gillies ER. Design, synthesis, and cyclization of 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives: potential candidates as self-immolative spacers. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1846-54. [PMID: 21267507 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-immolative spacers have gained significant interest in recent years due to their utility in numerous prodrug, sensor and drug delivery systems. However, there are a very limited number of spacers that are capable of undergoing spontaneous and rapid reactions under mild conditions. To address this need, 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives were explored as a potential class of self-immolative spacers. Using a modular approach, eleven N- and α-substituted derivatives of 4-aminobutyric acid were synthesized, and their intramolecular cyclizations to γ-lactams were studied. Kinetics experiments were carried out at physiological pH and temperature, and the observed half-lives for the spacers ranged from 2 to 39 s, depending on the molecular structure. In addition, the pH dependence of the cyclization rate was also explored and it was found that cyclization still occurred rapidly at mildly acidic pH. Therefore, this class of compounds exhibits promise for incorporation into a variety of self-immolative systems where rapid cyclization reactions are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A DeWit
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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11
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Wei G, Loktionova NA, Pegg AE, Moschel RC. β-Glucuronidase-Cleavable Prodrugs of O6-Benzylguanine and O6-Benzyl-2‘-deoxyguanosine. J Med Chem 2004; 48:256-61. [PMID: 15634019 DOI: 10.1021/jm0493865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronic acid linked prodrugs of O(6)-benzylguanine and O(6)-benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine were synthesized. The prodrugs were found to be quite stable at physiological pH and were more than 200-fold less active as inactivators of O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (alkyltransferase) than either O(6)-benzylguanine or O(6)-benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine. Beta-glucuronidase from both Escherichia coli and bovine liver cleaved the prodrugs efficiently to release O(6)-benzylguanine and O(6)-benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine, respectively. In combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), the prodrugs were not effective adjuvants for HT29 cell killing. However, as expected, incubation of these prodrugs with beta-glucuronidase in the culture medium led to much more efficient cell killing by BCNU as a result of the liberation of the more potent inactivators, O(6)-benzylguanine and O(6)-benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine. These prodrugs may be useful for prodrug monotherapy of necrotic tumors that liberate beta-glucuronidase or for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy with antibodies that can deliver beta-glucuronidase to target tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Wei
- Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, PO Box B, Bldg. 538, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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12
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Schmidt F, Monneret C. Prodrug Mono Therapy: synthesis and biological evaluation of an etoposide glucuronide-prodrug. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2277-83. [PMID: 12713838 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A glucuronide-based prodrug of etoposide has been synthesized for a Prodrug Mono Therapy strategy. The aim is to selectively liberate the active compound by beta-D-glucuronidase already present in necrotic tumours. Outside from these sites, this enzyme is known to be localised inside the lysosomes. The three components of this prodrug are the glucuronic acid (substrate of the enzyme), the spacer (for a faster cleavage), and the active etoposide. In vitro, the prodrug was shown to be less cytotoxic and more water-soluble than etoposide itself. Finally, in the presence of the beta-D-glucuronidase, cleavage of the prodrug with complete release of the drug has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Schmidt
- UMR 176 CNRS/Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Cedex 05, Paris, France.
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13
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Angenault S, Thirot S, Schmidt F, Monneret C, Pfeiffer B, Renard P. Cancer chemotherapy: a SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) glucuronide prodrug for treatment by a PMT (Prodrug MonoTherapy) strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:947-50. [PMID: 12617927 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A glucuronide-based prodrug of SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) has been synthesized for use in a Prodrug MonoTherapy Strategy (PMT). Since this prodrug is significantly less cytotoxic than SN-38 itself and efficiently releases the drug in vitro in the presence of beta-D-glucuronidase, it can be considered as an appropriate candidate for cancer treatment by a PMT strategy.
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14
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Schmidt F, Ungureanu I, Duval R, Pompon A, Monneret C. Cancer Chemotherapy: A Paclitaxel Prodrug for ADEPT (Antibody‐Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy). European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200106)2001:11<2129::aid-ejoc2129>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Schmidt
- UMR 176 CNRS‐Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, F‐75248 Paris Cedex 05. France, Fax: (internat.) +33‐1/4234‐6631
| | - Ioana Ungureanu
- UMR 176 CNRS‐Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, F‐75248 Paris Cedex 05. France, Fax: (internat.) +33‐1/4234‐6631
| | - Romain Duval
- UMR 176 CNRS‐Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, F‐75248 Paris Cedex 05. France, Fax: (internat.) +33‐1/4234‐6631
| | - Alain Pompon
- UMR 5625 CNRS, Université de Montpellier II, 2 Place Eugène Bataillon, F‐34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Claude Monneret
- UMR 176 CNRS‐Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, F‐75248 Paris Cedex 05. France, Fax: (internat.) +33‐1/4234‐6631
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15
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Leenders RG, Damen EW, Bijsterveld EJ, Scheeren HW, Houba PH, van der Meulen-Muileman IH, Boven E, Haisma HJ. Novel anthracycline-spacer-beta-glucuronide,-beta-glucoside, and -beta-galactoside prodrugs for application in selective chemotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1597-610. [PMID: 10482452 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of anthracycline prodrugs containing an immolative spacer was synthesized for application in selective chemotherapy. The prodrugs having the general structure anthracycline-spacer-beta-glycoside were designed to be activated by beta-glucuronidase or beta-galactosidase. Prodrugs with -chloro, -bromo or -n-hexyl substituents on the spacer were synthesized as well as prodrugs containing a -beta-glucuronyl, -beta-glucosyl or -beta-galactosyl carbamate specifier. The key step in the synthesis of all prodrugs is the highly beta-diastereoselective addition reaction of the anomeric hydroxyl of a glycosyl donor to a spacer isocyanate resulting in the respective beta-glycosyl carbamate pro-moieties. The resulting protected pro-moieties were coupled to an anthracycline. Prodrugs were evaluated with respect to activation rate by the appropriate enzyme and additionally, their IC50 values were determined. Optimal prodrugs in this study were at least 100- to 200-fold less toxic than their corresponding drug in vitro and were activated to the parent drug in a half-life time of approximately 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Leenders
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Center for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, The Netherlands
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16
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Dubowchik GM, Walker MA. Receptor-mediated and enzyme-dependent targeting of cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Ther 1999; 83:67-123. [PMID: 10511457 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(99)00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This review is a survey of various approaches to targeting cytotoxic anticancer drugs to tumors primarily through biomolecules expressed by cancer cells or associated vasculature and stroma. These include monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates; enzyme prodrug therapies, such as antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, and bacterial-directed enzyme prodrug therapy; and metabolism-based therapies that seek to exploit increased tumor expression of, e.g., proteases, low-density lipoprotein receptors, hormones, and adhesion molecules. Following a discussion of factors that positively and negatively affect drug delivery to solid tumors, we concentrate on a mechanistic understanding of selective drug release or generation at the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Dubowchik
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
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18
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Niculescu-Duvaz D, Niculescu-Duvaz I, Friedlos F, Martin J, Spooner R, Davies L, Marais R, Springer CJ. Self-immolative nitrogen mustard prodrugs for suicide gene therapy. J Med Chem 1998; 41:5297-309. [PMID: 9857097 DOI: 10.1021/jm980425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four new potential self-immolative prodrugs derived from phenol and aniline nitrogen mustards, four model compounds derived from their corresponding fluoroethyl analogues and two new self-immolative linkers were designed and synthesized for use in the suicide gene therapy termed GDEPT (gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy). The self-immolative prodrugs were designed to be activated by the enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) releasing an active drug by a 1, 6-elimination mechanism via an unstable intermediate. Thus, N-[(4-¿[4-(bis¿2-chloroethyl¿amino)phenoxycarbonyloxy]methyl¿pheny l)c arbamoyl]-L-glutamic acid (23), N-[(4-¿[4-(bis¿2-chloroethyl¿amino)phenoxycarbonyloxy]methyl¿pheno xy) carbonyl]-L-glutamic acid (30), N-[(4-¿[N-(4-¿bis[2-chloroethyl]amino¿phenyl)carbamoyloxy]methyl¿+ ++phen oxy)carbonyl]-L-glutamic acid (37), and N-[(4-¿[N-(4-¿bis[2-chloroethyl]amino¿phenyl)carbamoyloxy]methyl¿+ ++phen yl)carbamoyl]-L-glutamic acid (40) were synthesized. They are bifunctional alkylating agents in which the activating effects of the phenolic hydroxyl or amino functions are masked through an oxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl bond to a benzylic spacer which is itself linked to a glutamic acid by an oxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl bond. The corresponding fluoroethyl compounds 25, 32, 42, and 44 were also synthesized. The rationale was to obtain model compounds with greatly reduced alkylating abilities that would be much less reactive with nucleophiles compared to the corresponding chloroethyl derivatives. This enabled studies of these model compounds as substrates for CPG2, without incurring the rapid and complicated decomposition pathways of the chloroethyl derivatives. The prodrugs were designed to be activated to their corresponding phenol and aniline nitrogen mustard drugs by CPG2 for use in GDEPT. The synthesis of the analogous novel parent drugs (21b, 51) is also described. A colorectal cell line was engineered to express CPG2 tethered to the outer cell surface. The phenylenediamine compounds were found to behave as prodrugs, yielding IC50 prodrug/IC50 drug ratios between 20- and 33-fold (for 37 and 40) and differentials of 12-14-fold between CPG2-expressing and control LacZ-expressing clones. The drugs released are up to 70-fold more potent than 4-[(2-chloroethyl)(2-mesyloxyethyl)amino]benzoic acid that results from the prodrug 4-[(2-chloroethyl)(2-mesyloxyethyl)amino]benzoyl-L-glutamic acid (CMDA) which has been used previously for GDEPT. These data demonstrate the viability of this strategy and indicate that self-immolative prodrugs can be synthesized to release potent mustard drugs selectively by cells expressing CPG2 tethered to the cell surface in GDEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Niculescu-Duvaz
- CRC Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
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19
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Papot S, Combaud D, Gesson JP. A new spacer group derived from arylmalonaldehydes for glucuronylated prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2545-8. [PMID: 9873577 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new glucuronylated prodrug of doxorubicin, potentially useful for ADEPT or PMT cancer chemotherapy, has been prepared from 4-methyl phenyl malonaldehyde. The enol ether spacer, linked via a carbamate to the 3'-amino group of doxorubicin is rapidly cleaved after beta-glucuronidase (E coli) catalyzed hydrolysis at pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papot
- Laboratoire de Chimie 12, Université de Poitiers et CNRS, Poitiers, France
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Nudelman A, Ruse M, Gottlieb HE, Fairchild C. Studies in sugar chemistry. VII. Glucuronides of podophyllum derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1997; 330:285-9. [PMID: 9396386 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19973300904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor activities of several glucuronide methyl esters of podophyllum derivatives were tested in vitro against two human tumor cell lines and their drug resistant sublines. The most active compound studied was methyl (4'-carbobenzoxy-4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-D-glucopyranoside)uronat e 19. Compound 19 was as potent in a colon carcinoma model and was twice as potent in a lung carcinoma model as etoposide 6. In vivo, however, in a mouse leukemia P388 model, it had only marginal activity, with a maximum T/C% value of 125 at 37 mg/kg (iv).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nudelman
- Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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