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Huang W, Li N, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yin M, Lei QY. AHCYL1 senses SAH to inhibit autophagy through interaction with PIK3C3 in an MTORC1-independent manner. Autophagy 2021; 18:309-319. [PMID: 33993848 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1924038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH), an amino acid derivative, is a key intermediate metabolite in methionine metabolism, which is normally considered as a harmful by-product and hydrolyzed quickly once formed. AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine. There are two other members in the AHCY family, AHCYL1 (adenosylhomocysteinase like 1) and AHCYL2 (adenosylhomocysteinase like 2). Here we define AHCYL1 function as a SAH sensor to inhibit macroautophagy/autophagy through PIK3C3. The C terminus of AHCYL1 interacts with SAH specifically and the interaction with SAH promotes the binding of the N terminus to the catalytic domain of PIK3C3, resulting in inhibition of PIK3C3. More importantly, this observation was further validated in vivo, indicating that SAH functions as a signaling molecule. Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Heimgartner H, Strässler C. Heterospirocyclic 3-Amino-2H-azirines as Convenient Building Blocks in Peptide Synthesis. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Izquierdo J, Etxabe J, Duñabeitia E, Landa A, Oiarbide M, Palomo C. Enantioselective Synthesis of 5,5-Disubstituted Hydantoins by Brønsted Base/H-Bond Catalyst Assisted Michael Reactions of a Design Template. Chemistry 2018; 24:7217-7227. [PMID: 29575281 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the enantioselective synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted (quaternary) hydantoins was developed on the basis of an organocatalytic Michael reaction approach involving the use of 2-benzylthio-3,5-dihydroimidazol-4-ones as key hydantoin surrogates. The method is general with respect to the substitution pattern at the hydantoin N1 (alkyl, aryl, acyl), N3 (aryl), and C5 (linear/branched alkyl, aryl) positions and affords essentially single diastereomeric products with enantioselectivities higher than 95 % ee in most cases. Among the bifunctional Brønsted base/H-bond catalysts examined, a known squaramide-tertiary amine catalyst and a newly prepared squaramide-tertiary amine catalyst provide the highest selectivity so far with either nitroolefins or vinyl ketones as the acceptor components. Kinetic measurements support a first-order rate dependence on both reaction partners, the donor template and the Michael acceptor, whereas competitive 1 H NMR spectroscopy experiments reveal the high ability of the template for catalyst binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseba Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julen Etxabe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eider Duñabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Landa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Oiarbide
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
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Heimgartner H, Strässler C, Linden A. Synthesis of Tripeptides Containing Heterocyclic α-Amino Acids by Using Heterospirocyclic 3-Amino-2H-azirines. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ivachtchenko AV, Mitkin OD, Yamanushkin PM, Kuznetsova IV, Bulanova EA, Shevkun NA, Koryakova AG, Karapetian RN, Bichko VV, Trifelenkov AS, Kravchenko DV, Vostokova NV, Veselov MS, Chufarova NV, Ivanenkov YA. Discovery of novel highly potent hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor (AV4025). J Med Chem 2014; 57:7716-30. [PMID: 25148100 DOI: 10.1021/jm500951r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of next in class small-molecule hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitors with picomolar potency containing 2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-5-{4-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)buta-1,3-diynyl]phenyl}-1H-imidazole cores was designed based on the SAR studies available for the reported NS5A inhibitors. Compound 13a (AV4025), with (S,S,S,S)-stereochemistry (EC50 = 3.4 ± 0.2 pM, HCV replicon genotype 1b), was dramatically more active than were the compounds with two (S)- and two (R)-chiral centers. Human serum did not significantly reduce the antiviral activity (<4-fold). Relatively favorable pharmacokinetic features and good oral bioavailability were observed during animal studies. Compound 13a was well tolerated in rodents (in mice, LD50 = 2326 mg/kg or higher), providing a relatively high therapeutic index. During safety, pharmacology and subchronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs, it was not associated with any significant pathological or clinical findings. This compound is currently being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V Ivachtchenko
- Alla Chem LLC , 1835 East Hallandale Beach Boulevard 442, Hallandale Beach, Florida 33009, United States
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Nash A, Soheili A, Tambar UK. Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclic Amino Acid Derivatives via a [2,3]-Stevens Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis. Org Lett 2013; 15:4770-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Nash
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Arash Soheili
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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A compendium of cyclic sugar amino acids and their carbocyclic and heterocyclic nitrogen analogues. Amino Acids 2013; 45:613-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Oba M, Shimabukuro A, Ono M, Doi M, Tanaka M. Synthesis of both enantiomers of cyclic methionine analogue: (R)- and (S)-3-aminotetrahydrothiophene-3-carboxylic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Stoykova SA, Linden A, Heimgartner H. A novel 2H-azirin-3-amine as a synthon for a sulfur-containing dipeptide segment. J Sulphur Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2013.774401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Stoykova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Kumar V, Rana H, Sankolli R, Kaushik M. Highly efficient dialkylphosphate-mediated syntheses of hydantoins and a bicyclohydantoin under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Heimgartner H, Löpfe M, Linden A. N-Methyl-N-phenyl-5-oxa-1-azaspiro[2.5]oct-1-en-2-amine — Synthesis and Reactions of a Synthon for an Unknown α-Amino Acid. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-s(e)73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Taylor JC, Bock CW, Takusagawa F, Markham GD. Discovery of novel types of inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine synthesis by virtual screening. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5967-73. [PMID: 19739644 DOI: 10.1021/jm9006142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) lies at an intersection of nucleotide and amino acid metabolism and performs a multitude of metabolic functions. AdoMet formation is catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (ATP: L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase (MAT)), which is a target for development of anticancer and antimicrobial agents. High affinity MAT inhibitors have been found through computational docking of more than 200000 compounds for predicted binding to the crystallographically defined nucleotide binding region of the enzyme's active site. Two of the top scoring candidate compounds had IC(50) values less than 10 nM, more than 10000-fold lower than the substrates' K(M) values. The compounds are structurally unrelated to the natural ligands of the enzyme. The enzyme is protected from inhibition by ATP, but not by methionine, consistent with binding at the adenosyl region of the active site. These results validate in silico screening as a robust approach to the discovery of inhibitors of this chemotherapeutically relevant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Taylor
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
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Loy RN, Jacobsen EN. Enantioselective intramolecular openings of oxetanes catalyzed by (salen)Co(III) complexes: access to enantioenriched tetrahydrofurans. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2786-7. [PMID: 19199427 PMCID: PMC2765541 DOI: 10.1021/ja809176m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective intramolecular ring-opening of oxetanes with alcohols is catalyzed by (salen)Co(III) complexes. Either a monomeric or oligomeric catalyst can be used successfully in this transformation, providing 3-substituted tetrahydrofurans in both high yield and enantioselectivity. This methodology extends the range of electrophiles that can be activated toward highly enantioselective addition reactions by (salen)metal catalysts to an important new class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N. Loy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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14
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Kumar V, Kaushik MP, Mazumdar A. An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of N-1 Substituted Hydantoins. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Markham GD, Reczkowski RS. Structural studies of inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase by slow, tight-binding intermediate and product analogues. Biochemistry 2004; 43:3415-25. [PMID: 15035613 DOI: 10.1021/bi035953z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase (ATP: L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase) catalyzes a two-step reaction in which tripolyphosphate (PPPi) is a tightly bound intermediate. Diimidotriphosphate (O(3)P-NH-PO(2)-NH-PO(3); PNPNP), a non-hydrolyzable analogue of PPPi, is the most potent known inhibitor of AdoMet synthetase with a K(i) of 2 nM. The structural basis for the slow, tight-binding inhibition by PNPNP has been investigated by spectroscopic methods. UV difference spectra reveal environmental alterations of aromatic protein residues upon PNPNP binding to form the enzyme.2Mg(2+).PNPNP complex, and more extensive changes upon formation of the enzyme.2Mg(2+).PNPNP.AdoMet complex. Stopped-flow kinetic studies of complex formation revealed that two slow isomerizations follow PNPNP binding in the presence of AdoMet, in contrast to the lower affinity, rapid-equilibrium binding in the absence of AdoMet. (31)P NMR spectra of enzyme complexes with PNPNP revealed electronic perturbations of each phosphorus atom by distinct upfield chemical shifts for each of the three phosphoryl groups in the enzyme.2Mg(2+).PNPNP complex, and further upfield shifts of at least 2 resonances in the complex with AdoMet. Comparison of the chemical shifts for the enzyme-bound PNPNP with the enzyme complexes containing either the product analogue O(3)P-NH-PO(3) or O(3)P-O-PO(2)-NH-PO(3) indicates that the shifts on binding are largest at the binding sites corresponding to those for the alpha and gamma phosphoryl groups of the nucleotide (-3.1 to -4.1 ppm), while the resonance at the beta phosphoryl group position shifts by -2.1 ppm. EPR spectra of Mn(2+) complexes demonstrate spin coupling between the two Mn(2+) in both enzyme.2Mn(2+).PNPNP and enzyme.2Mn(2+).PNPNP.AdoMet, indicating that the metal ions have comparable distances in both cases. The combined results indicate that formation of the highest affinity complex is associated with protein side chain rearrangements and increased electron density at the ligand phosphorus atoms, likely due to ionization of an -NH- group of the inhibitor. The energetic feasibility of ionization of a -NH- group when two Mg(2+) ions are bound to O(3)P-NH-PO(3) is supported by density functional theoretical calculations on model chelates. This mode of interaction is uniquely available to compounds with P-NH-P linkages and may be possible with other proteins in which multiple cations coordinate a polyphosphate chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Markham
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111-2497, USA.
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Berger BJ, Knodel MH. Characterisation of methionine adenosyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis. BMC Microbiol 2003; 3:12. [PMID: 12809568 PMCID: PMC165446 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-3-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2003] [Accepted: 06/16/2003] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis remains a serious world-wide health threat which requires the characterisation of novel drug targets for the development of future antimycobacterials. One of the key obstacles in the definition of new targets is the large variety of metabolic alterations that occur between cells in the active growth and chronic/dormant phases of tuberculosis. The ideal biochemical target should be active in both growth phases. Methionine adenosyltransferase, which catalyses the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP, is involved in polyamine biosynthesis during active growth and is also required for the methylation and cyclopropylation of mycolipids necessary for survival in the chronic phase. RESULTS The gene encoding methionine adenosyltransferase has been cloned from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the model organism M. smegmatis. Both enzymes retained all amino acids known to be involved in catalysing the reaction. While the M. smegmatis enzyme could be functionally expressed, the M. tuberculosis homologue was insoluble and inactive under a large variety of expression conditions. For the M. smegmatis enzyme, the Vmax for S-adenosylmethionine formation was 1.30 micromol/min/mg protein and the Km for methionine and ATP was 288 microM and 76 microM respectively. In addition, the enzyme was competitively inhibited by 8-azaguanine and azathioprine with a Ki of 4.7 mM and 3.7 mM respectively. Azathioprine inhibited the in vitro growth of M. smegmatis with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 microM, while the MIC for 8-azaguanine was >1.0 mM. CONCLUSION The methionine adenosyltransferase from both organisms had a primary structure very similar those previously characterised in other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The kinetic properties of the M. smegmatis enzyme were also similar to known prokaryotic methionine adenosyltransferases. Inhibition of the enzyme by 8-azaguanine and azathioprine provides a starting point for the synthesis of higher affinity purine-based inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Berger
- Chemical & Biological Defence Section, Defence R&D Canada – Suffield, PO Box 4000, Medicine Hat, AB, T1A 8K6, Canada
| | - Marvin H Knodel
- Chemical & Biological Defence Section, Defence R&D Canada – Suffield, PO Box 4000, Medicine Hat, AB, T1A 8K6, Canada
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The reactivities of dehydroalanine derivatives towards 1,3-dienyl cobaloxime complex: new routes to functionalised carbocyclic amino acids. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Dapporto P, Paoli P, Rossi P, Altamura M, Perrotta E, Nannicini R. Structural characterisation of a tetrasubstituted hydantoin by experimental and theoretical approaches: X-ray and ab initio studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(00)00514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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