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Synthesis and Intramolecular Cyclization of N-acyl- and N-allyl-N'-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl)thiourea. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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2
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Druzhinin SV, Balenkova ES, Nenajdenko VG. Recent advances in the chemistry of α,β-unsaturated trifluoromethylketones. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Ukrainets IV, Sidorenko LV, Gorokhova OV, Shishkin OV. 4-Hydroxyquinolones-2. 91. Synthesis and properties of ethyl 1-R-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-dihydropyridine-5-carboxylates. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-006-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Bouissane L, El Kazzouli S, Léonce S, Pfeiffer B, Rakib EM, Khouili M, Guillaumet G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-(7-indazolyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives as potent cell cycle inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:1078-88. [PMID: 16274996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe a new synthesis of N-(7-indazolyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives. These compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities toward L1210 murine leukemia cells. One of them, 4-methoxy-N-(3-chloro-7-indazolyl)benzenesulfonamide, was identified as the most potent with an IC(50) of 0.44 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bouissane
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 6005, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, France
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Kranjc A, Masic LP, Reven S, Mikic K, Prezelj A, Stegnar M, Kikelj D. Novel pyrazinone and pyridinone thrombin inhibitors incorporating weakly basic heterobicyclic P1-arginine mimetics. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:782-91. [PMID: 15890436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Revised: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological activity of new thrombin inhibitors with a pyridinone or pyrazinone core and different heterobicyclic P(1) arginine side-chain mimetics are described. The arginine side-chain mimetics used in this study are (+/-)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-5-ylmethanamine and both enantiomers thereof, (+/-)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine and the corresponding R enantiomer. Compound 25, the most potent in the series of pyrazinone inhibitors, exhibited a K(i) of 41 nM in vitro and high selectivity against trypsin and factor Xa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Kranjc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Srivastava S, Goswami LN, Dikshit DK. Progress in the design of low molecular weight thrombin inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2005; 25:66-92. [PMID: 15389730 DOI: 10.1002/med.20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular thrombosis and its complication, embolism, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Past few decades have seen a great deal of progress in the development of antithrombotic agents, though the current treatment options are limited to heparin, LMW heparins, and warfarin. Detailed understanding of the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of activation and regulation of blood coagulation have helped in developing specific inhibitors of enzymes, especially thrombin, within the coagulation cascade. Thrombin plays a central role in the coagulation cascade and so has become the primary target for the development of antithrombotic drugs. The review covers the main pharmacological aspects of haemostasis and thrombosis and provides an update on low molecular weight thrombin inhibitors along with the limitations of the prevalent antithrombotic agents. Recent developments in small molecule inhibitors of Protease Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) which can be helpful for the treatment of thrombotic and vascular proliferative disorders, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Kranjc A, Peterlin-Masic L, Ilas J, Prezelj A, Stegnar M, Kikelj D. Novel thrombin inhibitors incorporating weakly basic heterobicyclic P1-arginine mimetics: optimization via modification of P1 and P3 moieties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:3251-6. [PMID: 15149685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of lead compounds 1 and 2 resulted in novel, selective, and potent thrombin inhibitors incorporating weakly basic heterobicyclic P(1)-arginine mimetics. The design, synthesis, and biological activity of racemic thrombin inhibitors 17-29 and enantiomerically pure thrombin inhibitors 30-33 are described. The arginine side-chain mimetics used in this study are 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazole, and 2-imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-ylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Kranjc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Peterlin-Masic L, Kranjc A, Marinko P, Mlinsek G, Solmajer T, Stegnar M, Kikelj D. Selective 3-amino-2-pyridinone acetamide thrombin inhibitors incorporating weakly basic partially saturated heterobicyclic P1-arginine mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3171-6. [PMID: 12951087 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel, highly selective and potent thrombin inhibitors were identified as a result of combing the 3-benzylsulfonylamino-2-pyridinone acetamide P(2)-P(3) surrogate with weakly basic partially saturated heterobicyclic P(1)-arginine mimetics 1-8. The design, synthesis, biological activity, and the binding modes of non-covalent thrombin inhibitors featuring P(1)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline, and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole moieties are described.
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Steinmetzer T, Hauptmann J, Sturzebecher J. Advances in the development of thrombin inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001; 10:845-64. [PMID: 11322862 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.10.5.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thromboembolic diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the Western world, which has stimulated enormous research efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to introduce new antithrombotic therapies. One strategy is the development of direct inhibitors of the serine protease thrombin, which holds a central position in the final steps of the blood coagulation cascade and in platelet activation. At present there is only limited clinical use of some parenteral preparations of thrombin inhibitors in acute situations, especially when the common antithrombotic drugs heparin, warfarin and aspirin are ineffective or associated with side effects. However, for use in prophylaxis of thrombotic diseases such inhibitors should be orally available, must be safe to avoid bleeding complications and should have an appropriate half-life, allowing once or twice daily dosing to maintain adequate antithrombotically effective blood levels. Details of several new and potent thrombin inhibitors have been published during the last years. For some of them oral bioavailability is claimed and they are effective in in vitro coagulation assays. However, most of them showed only limited efficacy in animal studies with respect to the doses administered. For that reason, effort is concentrated on the evaluation and optimisation of the overall physicochemical characteristics of the inhibitors in order to improve the pharmacokinetics and, thus, the development of promising drug candidates. Nevertheless, only careful clinical studies can give clear answers about the true therapeutical benefit of new developments in this field. This review summarises the current status of direct thrombin inhibitors which are already in clinical use and clinical development and gives an overview on recently published and promising new compounds.
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Clare BW, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Protease inhibitors, part 13: Specific, weakly basic thrombin inhibitors incorporating sulfonyl dicyandiamide moieties in their structure. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001; 16:1-13. [PMID: 11496831 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds has been prepared by reaction of dicyandiamide with alkyl/arylsulfonyl halides as well as arylsulfonylisocyanates to locate a lead for obtaining weakly basic thrombin inhibitors with sulfonyldicyandiamide moieties as the S1 anchoring group. The detected lead was sulfanilyl-dicyandiamide (K1 of 3 microM against thrombin, and 15 microM against trypsin), which has been further derivatized at the 4-amino group by incorporating arylsulfonylureido as well as amino acyl/dipeptidyl groups protected at the amino terminal moiety with benzyloxycarbonyl or tosylureido moieties. The best compound obtained (ts-D-Phe-Pro-sulfanilyl-dicyandiamide) showed inhibition constants of 9 nM against thrombin and 1400 nM against trypsin. pKa measurements showed that the new derivatives reported here do indeed possess a reduced basicity, with the pKa of the modified guanidine moieties in the range 7.9-8.3 pKa units. Molecular mechanics calculations showed that the preferred tautomeric form of these compounds is of the type ArSO2N=C(NH2) NH-CN, probably allowing for the formation of favorable interaction between this new anchoring group and the active site amino acid residue Asp 189, critical for substrate/inhibitor binding to this type of serine protease. Thus, the main finding of the present paper is that the sulfonyldicyandiamide group may constitute an interesting alternative for obtaining weakly basic, potent thrombin inhibitors, which bind with less affinity to trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Clare
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Owa T, Okauchi T, Yoshimatsu K, Sugi NH, Ozawa Y, Nagasu T, Koyanagi N, Okabe T, Kitoh K, Yoshino H. A focused compound library of novel N-(7-indolyl)benzenesulfonamides for the discovery of potent cell cycle inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1223-6. [PMID: 10866386 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds containing an N-(7-indolyl)benzenesulfonamide pharmacophore was synthesized and evaluated as a potential antitumor agent. Cell cycle analysis with P388 murine leukemia cells revealed that there were two different classes of potent cell cycle inhibitors; one disrupted mitosis and the other caused G1 accumulation. Herein described is the SAR summary of the substituent patterns on this pharmacophore template.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Owa
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
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Abstract
Thrombin and factor Xa (fXa) are the only serine proteases for which small, potent, selective, noncovalent inhibitors have been developed, which are ultimately intended as drug development candidates (in this case as anticoagulants). Noncovalent inhibitors may be more selective and chemically and metabolically less reactive than covalent inhibitors. In addition, noncovalent inhibitors are more likely to have fast-binding kinetics which is particularly important in the development of thrombin inhibitors. TAME derived noncovalent thrombin inhibitors argatroban, napsagatran, and UK 156,406 have entered clinical trials as anticoagulants, the latter as an orally active agent. Serine trap deletion from substrate-like peptides led to the development of inogatran and melagatran, both of which have entered clinical trials as intravenous agents. The use of 3-aminopyridinone and pyrazinone acetamide peptidomimetic templates has resulted in the development of L-375,378 which has been chosen for clinical development as an orally active anticoagulant. Recently, compounds which do not have the conventional hydrogen bonding capabilities of peptides have begun to appear in the thrombin literature. Publications on noncovalent fXa inhibitors cover this type of peptidomimetic almost exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Sanderson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Hauptmann J, Stürzebecher J. Synthetic inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa: from bench to bedside. Thromb Res 1999; 93:203-41. [PMID: 10074907 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(98)00192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hauptmann
- Centre for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erfurt, Germany
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Chapter 9. Anticoagulants: Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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The development of novel noncovalent thrombin inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5113(99)80004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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