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Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Bernini SK, Chiodini G, Corsini A, Ferri N, Fumagalli L, Straniero V, Valoti E. Thiazole- and imidazole-containing peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5408-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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2
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Puntambekar DS, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Insights into the structural requirements of farnesyltransferase inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents based on 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA models. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:142-54. [PMID: 17448576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study was performed on three different chemical series reported as selective farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors employing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices (CoMSIA) techniques to investigate the structural requirements for substrates and derive a predictive model that may be used for the design of novel FTase inhibitors. Removal of outliers improved the predictive power of models developed for all three structurally diverse classes of compounds. 3D-QSAR models were derived for 3-aminopyrrolidinone derivatives (training set N=38, test set N=7), 2-amino-nicotinonitriles (training set N=46, test set N=13) and 1-aryl-1'-imidazolyl methyl ethers (training set N=35, test set N=5). The CoMFA models with steric and electrostatic fields exhibited r(2)(cv) 0.479-0.803, r(2)(ncv) 0.945-0.993, r(2)(pred) 0.686-0.811. The CoMSIA models displayed r(2)(cv) 0.411-0.814, r(2)(ncv) 0.923-0.984, r(2)(pred) 0.399-0.787. 3D contour maps generated from these models were analyzed individually, which provide the regions in space where interactive fields may influence the activity. The superimposition of contour maps on the active site of farnesyltransferase additionally helps in understanding the structural requirements of these inhibitors. 3D-QSAR models developed may guide our efforts in designing and predicting the FTase inhibitory activity of novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra S Puntambekar
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, PO Box 51, Baroda 390 001, Gujarat, India
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3
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González MP, Caballero J, Tundidor-Camba A, Helguera AM, Fernández M. Modeling of farnesyltransferase inhibition by some thiol and non-thiol peptidomimetic inhibitors using genetic neural networks and RDF approaches. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:200-13. [PMID: 16185882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of farnesyltransferase (FT) enzyme by a set of 78 thiol and non-thiol peptidomimetic inhibitors was successfully modeled by a genetic neural network (GNN) approach, using radial distribution function descriptors. A linear model was unable to successfully fit the whole data set; however, the optimum Bayesian regularized neural network model described about 87% inhibitory activity variance with a relevant predictive power measured by q2 values of leave-one-out and leave-group-out cross-validations of about 0.7. According to their activity levels, thiol and non-thiol inhibitors were well-distributed in a topological map, built with the inputs of the optimum non-linear predictor. Furthermore, descriptors in the GNN model suggested the occurrence of a strong dependence of FT inhibition on the molecular shape and size rather than on electronegativity or polarizability characteristics of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Pérez González
- Unit of Service, Drug Design Department, Experimental Sugar Cane Station Villa Clara-Cienfuegos, Ranchuelo, Villa Clara, C.P. 53100, Cuba
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4
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5
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Mitsch A, Altenkämper M, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-Thiol Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors: Utilization of the Far Aryl Binding Site by Arylthienylacryloylaminobenzophenones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:9-17. [PMID: 15674808 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We recently described two novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase. The 4- and 5-arylsubstituted thienylacryloyl moieties turned out as appropriate substituents for our benzophenone-based AAX-peptidomimetic capable for occupying the far aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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6
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Mitsch A, Wissner P, Silber K, Haebel P, Sattler I, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-tolylacetylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-arylfurylacrylic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4585-600. [PMID: 15358286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed arylfurylacryl-substituted benzophenones as non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors utilizing a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. These compounds display activity in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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7
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El Oualid F, Burm BEA, Leroy IM, Cohen LH, van Boom JH, van den Elst H, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Overhand M. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Su- gar Amino Acid Based Inhibitors of Pro- tein Prenyl Transferases PFT and PGGT-1. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3920-3. [PMID: 15267228 DOI: 10.1021/jm049927q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eleven analogues of the C-terminal Ca(1)a(2)X motif found in natural substrates of the prenyl transferases PFT and PGGT-1 were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition potency and selectivity against PFT and PGGT-1. Replacement of the central dipeptide part a(1)a(2) by a benzylated sugar amino acid resulted in a good and highly selective PFT inhibitor (8, IC(50) = 250 +/- 20 nM). The methyl ester of 8 (13) selectively inhibited protein farnesylation in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid El Oualid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Kettler K, Sakowski J, Silber K, Sattler I, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-acylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]acrylic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1521-30. [PMID: 12705292 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have designed the nitrophenylfurylacryl-substituted benzophenone 4f as a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor utilizing a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. Variation of the 2-acylamino substituent at the benzophenone core structure of our initial lead 4f yielded several non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors with improved activity. These compounds display activity in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- Department für Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr, München, Germany
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9
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El Oualid F, Bruining L, Leroy I, Cohen L, van Boom J, van der Marel G, Overkleeft H, Overhand M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Protein:Geranylgeranyltransferase I Inhibitors Based on the CaaX Box: Incorporation of Sugar Amino Acids as Dipeptide Isosters. Helv Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2675(200210)85:10<3455::aid-hlca3455>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid El Oualid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Leon Bruining
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Ingrid M. Leroy
- TNO Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, P.O. Box 2215, NL‐2301 CE Leiden
| | - Louis H. Cohen
- TNO Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, P.O. Box 2215, NL‐2301 CE Leiden
| | - Jacques H. van Boom
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Mark Overhand
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
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10
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Mitsch A, Böhm M, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: utilization of an aryl binding site by 5-arylacryloylaminobenzophenones. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2657-62. [PMID: 12057654 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. The 2-naphthylacryloyl residue was developed as an appropriate substituent for our benzophenone-based AAX-peptidomimetic capable of occupying this binding site, resulting in a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor with nanomolar activity. The activity of this inhibitor is readily explained on the basis of docking studies which show the 2-naphthyl residue fitting into the aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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11
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Sakowski J, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-Acylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-4-nitrocinnamic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:233-9. [PMID: 11741771 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed the 4-nitrocinnamoyl substituted benzophenone 4a as a novel non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor. Replacement of the p-tolyl moiety of our initial lead structure 4a by different para and ortho substituted phenyl residues as well as by 1-naphthyl resulted in derivatives with considerably enhanced activity displaying IC(50) values between 42 and 52 nM. These compounds represent novel, readily accessible non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors being more active than the corresponding thiol-containing analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Sakowski
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
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12
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Houssin R, Pommery J, Salaün MC, Deweer S, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Hénichart JP. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of new farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:533-6. [PMID: 11784157 DOI: 10.1021/jm010297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New CA(1)A(2)X peptidomimetics are described as Ras farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). They include cysteine and methionine as mimetics of the C-terminus sequence of farnesylated proteins. Furthermore, cysteine was replaced by heterocycles, taking into account the role of zinc and the metabolic instability of amino acids. The molecular docking of 8 in the active site of the enzyme and the pharmacological evaluation of the compounds are illustrative of a new class of FTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Houssin
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
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13
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Böhm M, Mitsch A, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Exploration of novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase using molecular modeling and benzophenone-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3117-24. [PMID: 11543680 DOI: 10.1021/jm010873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most non-thiol CAAX-peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitors bear nitrogen-containing heterocycles in place of the terminal cysteine which are supposed to coordinate the enzyme-bound zinc. However, it has been shown that those nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be replaced by carbocyclic aromatic moieties which are unable to coordinate the zinc ion, a conclusion that resulted in the postulation of one or two hitherto unknown aryl binding sites. No indication has been given about the spatial location of these novel binding sites. Employing flexible docking of several non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors known from the literature and some model compounds based on our benzophenone scaffold as well as performing GRID searches, we have identified two regions in the farnesyltransferase's active site which we suggest being the postulated aryl binding sites. One aryl binding region is located in close proximity to the zinc ion and is defined by the aromatic side chains of Tyr 300beta, Trp 303beta, Tyr 361beta, and Tyr 365beta. The second aryl binding site is defined by the side chains of Tyr 300beta, Leu 295beta, Lys 294beta, Lys 353beta, and Lys 356beta. This second aryl binding site has been used for the design of a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor (9c) with an IC(50) of 35 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Böhm
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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14
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Bergman JM, Abrams MT, Davide JP, Greenberg IB, Robinson RG, Buser CA, Huber HE, Koblan KS, Kohl NE, Lobell RB, Graham SL, Hartman GD, Williams TM, Dinsmore CJ. Aryloxy substituted N-arylpiperazinones as dual inhibitors of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1411-5. [PMID: 11378366 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of aryloxy substituted piperazinones with dual farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitory activity was prepared. These compounds were found to have potent inhibitory activity in vitro and are promising agents for the inhibition of Ki-Ras signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bergman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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15
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Turek TC, Gaon I, Distefano MD, Strickland CL. Synthesis of Farnesyl Diphosphate Analogues Containing Ether-Linked Photoactive Benzophenones and Their Application in Studies of Protein Prenyltransferases. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3253-64. [PMID: 11348105 DOI: 10.1021/jo991130x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a posttranslational lipid modification in which C(15) and C(20) isoprenoid units are linked to specific protein-derived cysteine residues through a thioether linkage. This process is catalyzed by a class of enzymes called prenyltransferases that are being intensively studied due to the finding that Ras protein is farnesylated coupled with the observation that mutant forms of Ras are implicated in a variety of human cancers. Inhibition of this posttranslational modification may serve as a possible cancer chemotherapy. Here, the syntheses of two new farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) analogues containing photoactive benzophenone groups are described. Each of these compounds was prepared in six steps from dimethylallyl alcohol. Substrate studies, inhibition kinetics, photoinactivation studies, and photolabeling experiments are also included; these experiments were performed with a number of protein prenyltransferases from different sources. A X-ray crystal structure of one of these analogues bound to rat farnesyltransferase illustrates that they are good substrate mimics. Of particular importance, these new analogues can be enzymatically incorporated into Ras-based peptide substrates allowing the preparation of molecules with photoactive isoprenoids that may serve as valuable probes for the study of prenylation function. Photoaffinity labeling of human protein geranylgeranyltransferase with (32)P-labeled forms of these analogues suggests that the C-10 locus of bound geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is in close proximity to residues from the beta-subunit of this enzyme. These results clearly demonstrate the utility of these compounds as photoaffinity labeling analogues for the study of a variety of protein prenyltransferases and other enzymes that employ FPP or GGPP as their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Turek
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
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16
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Mitsch A, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: structure-activity relationships of aralkylsubstituted benzophenones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2001; 334:40-4. [PMID: 11268773 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(200102)334:2<40::aid-ardp40>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel class of benzophenone-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors exploiting a novel aryl binding region in the farnesyltransferase's active site. The present study was mainly focussed on structural modifications of the trimethylene spacer of the 4-phenyl butyroyl residue of our lead structure (IC50 = 530 nM). These modifications turned out to have little effect on activity as had the replacement of the terminal aryl by cyclohexyl (IC50 = 440 nM vs. IC50 = 530 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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17
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Hunt JT, Ding CZ, Batorsky R, Bednarz M, Bhide R, Cho Y, Chong S, Chao S, Gullo-Brown J, Guo P, Kim SH, Lee FY, Leftheris K, Miller A, Mitt T, Patel M, Penhallow BA, Ricca C, Rose WC, Schmidt R, Slusarchyk WA, Vite G, Manne V. Discovery of (R)-7-cyano-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3- (phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine (BMS-214662), a farnesyltransferase inhibitor with potent preclinical antitumor activity. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3587-95. [PMID: 11020273 DOI: 10.1021/jm000248z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuing structure-activity studies were performed on the 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(imidazol-4-ylalkyl)-1,4-benzodiazepine farnesyltransferase (FT) inhibitors. These studies demonstrated that a 3(R)-phenylmethyl group, a hydrophilic 7-cyano group, and a 4-sulfonyl group bearing a variety of substituents provide low-nanomolar FT inhibitors with cellular activity at concentrations below 100 nM. Maximal in vivo activity in the mutated K-Ras bearing HCT-116 human colon tumor model was achieved with analogues carrying hydrophobic side chains such as propyl, phenyl, or thienyl attached to the N-4 sulfonyl group. Several such compounds achieved curative efficacy when given orally in this model. On the basis of its excellent preclinical antitumor activity and promising pharmacokinetics, compound 20 (BMS-214662, (R)-7-cyano-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thie nyl sulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine) has been advanced into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Hunt
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Chemistry Core Resources, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Oncology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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18
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Ding CZ, Hunt JT, Ricca C, Manne V. 3-Imidazolylmethylaminophenylsulfonyltetrahydroquinolines, a novel series of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:273-5. [PMID: 10698452 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of 3-imidazolylmethylaminophenylsulfonyltetrahydroquinolines as farnesyltransferase inhibitors are presented. A working pharmacophore of inhibiting farnesyltransferase by this series of inhibitors is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Ding
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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19
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Ding CZ, Batorsky R, Bhide R, Chao HJ, Cho Y, Chong S, Gullo-Brown J, Guo P, Kim SH, Lee F, Leftheris K, Miller A, Mitt T, Patel M, Penhallow BA, Ricca C, Rose WC, Schmidt R, Slusarchyk WA, Vite G, Yan N, Manne V, Hunt JT. Discovery and structure-activity relationships of imidazole-containing tetrahydrobenzodiazepine inhibitors of farnesyltransferase. J Med Chem 1999; 42:5241-53. [PMID: 10602709 DOI: 10.1021/jm990391w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1-(imidazol-4-ylalkyl)-1,4-benzodiazepines were found to be potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase (FT). A hydrophobic substituent at the 4-position of the benzodiazepine, linked via a hydrogen bond acceptor, was important to enzyme inhibitory activity. An aryl ring at position 7 or a hydrophobic group linked to the 8-position through an amide, carbamate, or urea linkage was also important for potent inhibition. 2,3,4, 5-Tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-7-(4-pyridinyl)-4-[2-(t rifluo romethoxy)benzoyl]-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine (36), with an FT IC(50) value of 24 nM, produced 85% phenotypic reversion of Ras transformed NIH 3T3 cells at 1.25 microM and had an EC(50) of 160 nM for inhibition of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar of H-Ras transformed Rat-1 cells. Selected analogues demonstrated ip antitumor activity against an ip Rat-1 tumor in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Ding
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA
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20
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Dinsmore CJ, Williams TM, O'Neill TJ, Liu D, Rands E, Culberson JC, Lobell RB, Koblan KS, Kohl NE, Gibbs JB, Oliff AI, Graham SL, Hartman GD. Imidazole-containing diarylether and diarylsulfone inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:3301-6. [PMID: 10612589 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The design and syntheses of non-thiol inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase are described. Optimization of cysteine-substituted diarylethers led to highly potent imidazole-containing diarylethers and diarylsulfones. Polar diaryl linkers dramatically improved potency and gave highly cell active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Dinsmore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Williams TM, Bergman JM, Brashear K, Breslin MJ, Dinsmore CJ, Hutchinson JH, MacTough SC, Stump CA, Wei DD, Zartman CB, Bogusky MJ, Culberson JC, Buser-Doepner C, Davide J, Greenberg IB, Hamilton KA, Koblan KS, Kohl NE, Liu D, Lobell RB, Mosser SD, O'Neill TJ, Rands E, Schaber MD, Huff JR. N-arylpiperazinone inhibitors of farnesyltransferase: discovery and biological activity. J Med Chem 1999; 42:3779-84. [PMID: 10508426 DOI: 10.1021/jm990254z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T M Williams
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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Anthony NJ, Gomez RP, Schaber MD, Mosser SD, Hamilton KA, O'Neil TJ, Koblan KS, Graham SL, Hartman GD, Shah D, Rands E, Kohl NE, Gibbs JB, Oliff AI. Design and in vivo analysis of potent non-thiol inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase. J Med Chem 1999; 42:3356-68. [PMID: 10464022 DOI: 10.1021/jm990080l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) based upon a pseudotripeptide template are described that comprise an imidazole group substituted with a hydrophobic substituent. (1, 5)-Disubstitution of the imidazole group is shown to be the optimal array that leads to potent and selective inhibitors of FPTase. A variety of aryl and isoprenyl substituents are shown to afford effective inhibitors, and the mechanism by which these compounds inhibit FPTase has been investigated. The biochemical behavior of these compounds suggests that they bind to FPTase at the site usually occupied by the protein substrate. In experiments in cell culture, the methyl ester prodrugs of these inhibitors are cell permeant and potently inhibit the posttranslational modification of H-Ras protein. Additionally, these molecules revert the phenotype of ras transformed cells as evidenced by their ability to slow the growth of ras transformed cell lines in soft agar. One of the inhibitors, as its methyl prodrug, was evaluated in two in vivo models of tumor growth. The compound selectively inhibited the growth of tumors derived from H-ras transformed cells, in nude mice, and caused the regression of preexisting tumors in an H-ras transgenic animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Anthony
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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Ciccarone TM, MacTough SC, Williams TM, Dinsmore CJ, O'Neill TJ, Shah D, Culberson JC, Koblan KS, Kohl NE, Gibbs JB, Oliff AI, Graham SL, Hartman GD. Non-thiol 3-aminomethylbenzamide inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1991-6. [PMID: 10450968 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The design and syntheses of non-thiol inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase are described. Substitutions on an imidazolylmethyl-AMBA-methionine template gave a highly potent and cell-active inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ciccarone
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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