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Design, synthesis, structural optimization, SAR, in silico prediction of physicochemical properties and pharmacological evaluation of novel & potent thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106084. [PMID: 34856350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino-acid neuropeptide secreted from the hypothalamus and is the main regulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. CRF is the master hormone which modulates physiological and behavioral responses to stress. Many disorders including anxiety, depression, addictive disorders and others are related to over activation of the CRF system. This suggests that new molecules which can interfere with CRF binding to its receptors may be potential candidates for neuropsychiatric drugs to treat stress-related disorders. Previously, three series of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine CRF1 receptor antagonists were synthesized by our group and specific binding assays, competitive binding studies and determination of the ability to antagonize the agonist-stimulated accumulation of cAMP (the second messenger for CRF receptors) were reported. In continuation of our efforts in this direction, in the current manuscript, we report the synthesis & biological evaluation of a new series of CRF1 receptor antagonists. Seven compounds showed promising binding affinity with the best two compounds (compounds 6 & 43) displaying a superior binding affinity to all of our previous compounds. Compounds 6 & 43 have only 4 times and 2 times less binding affinity than the standard CRF antagonist antalarmin, respectively. Thus, our two best lead compounds (compound 6 & 43) can be considered potent CRF receptor antagonists with binding affinity of 41.0 & 19.2 nM versus 9.7 nM for antalarmin.
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2
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Zhuge J, Jiang Z, Jiang W, Histand G, Lin D. Iodine-catalyzed oxidative functionalization of purines with (thio)ethers or methylarenes for the synthesis of purin-8-one analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5121-5126. [PMID: 34018534 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient oxidative functionalization of purine-like substrates with (thio)ethers or methylarenes under mild conditions is described. Using I2 as the catalyst, and TBHP as the oxidant, this protocol provides a valuable synthetic tool for the assembly of a wide range of 9-alkyl(benzyl)purin-8-one derivatives with high atom- and step-economy and exceptional functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanping Zhuge
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ziyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Gary Histand
- International School of Advanced Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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3
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Huang MR, Hsu YL, Lin TC, Cheng TJ, Li LW, Tseng YW, Chou YS, Liu JH, Pan SH, Fang JM, Wong CH. Structure-guided development of purine amide, hydroxamate, and amidoxime for the inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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4
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Teleb M, Kuppast B, Spyridaki K, Liapakis G, Fahmy H. Synthesis of 2-imino and 2-hydrazono thiazolo[4,5- d ]pyrimidines as corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:900-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Vanda D, Jorda R, Lemrová B, Volná T, Kryštof V, McMaster C, Soural M. Synthesis of Novel N9-Substituted Purine Derivatives from Polymer Supported α-Amino Acids. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:426-32. [PMID: 26098936 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of purine derivatives bearing an α-amino acid motif in position 9 is described herein. Polymer supported amines were acylated with various Fmoc-α-amino acids and, after cleavage of the protecting group, arylation with 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine or 2,4-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine was performed. The second chlorine atom was replaced with various amines. Subsequent reduction of the nitro group, followed by reaction with aldehydes, afforded the purine scaffold. After cleavage from the polymer support, the target compounds were obtained in very good crude purity, good overall yields, and excellent enantiomeric purity. The anticancer activity of prepared compounds was tested in vitro against human cancer cell lines MCF7 and K562, and they were found to have mild, but clear dose-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vanda
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lemrová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Volná
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Claire McMaster
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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6
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Li JP, Huang Y, Xie MS, Qu GR, Niu HY, Wang HX, Qin BW, Guo HM. One-Pot Synthesis of 7,9-Dialkylpurin-8-one Analogues: Broad Substrate Scope. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12629-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402248d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hai-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Bo-Wen Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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7
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8
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Lebraud H, Cano C, Carbain B, Hardcastle IR, Harrington RW, Griffin RJ, Golding BT. Trifluoroethanol solvent facilitates selective N-7 methylation of purines. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1874-8. [PMID: 23381666 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purines protected at N-9 by p-methoxybenzyl are methylated or ethylated in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at N-7 by trimethyl- or triethyl-oxonium borofluorate, respectively. Subjecting the resulting cationic species to microwave irradiation releases an N(7)-methyl- or ethyl-purine. This one-pot procedure is an efficient regiospecific method applicable to diverse substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorine Lebraud
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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9
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Chumachenko SA, Shablykin OV, Kozachenko AP, Osadchuk TV, Brovarets VS. A new route for the synthesis of substituted 5-amino-4-cyanoimidazol-2-ones – precursors for the preparation of 3,6,7,9-tetrahydro-8H-purin-8-ones derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-011-0762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Zhong QF, Sun LP. An efficient synthesis of 6,9-disubstituted purin-8-ones via copper-catalyzed coupling/cyclization. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Keder R, Dvořáková H, Dvořák D. New Approach to the Synthesis ofN7-Arylguanines andN7-Aryladenines. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Aguado L, Camarasa MJ, Pérez-Pérez MJ. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 9-Arylpurines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:210-2. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Aguado
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Khalafi‐Nezhad A, Zare A, Parhami A, Soltani Rad MN, Nejabat GR. Regioselective N‐Arylation of Some Pyrimidine and Purine Nucleobases. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600943535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalafi‐Nezhad
- a Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, Shiraz University , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Zare
- a Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, Shiraz University , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfath Parhami
- a Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, Shiraz University , Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Gholam Reza Nejabat
- a Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, Shiraz University , Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Legraverend M, Grierson DS. The purines: potent and versatile small molecule inhibitors and modulators of key biological targets. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3987-4006. [PMID: 16503144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to highlight the wide range of biological activities displayed by purines, with particular emphasis on new purine-based agents which find potential application as chemical-biology tools and/or therapeutic agents. The expanding interest in the biological properties of polyfunctionalized purine derivatives issues, in large part, from the development of rapid high-throughput screening essays for new protein targets, and the corresponding development of efficient synthetic methodology adapted to the construction of highly diverse purine libraries. Purine-based compounds have found new applications as inducers of interferon and lineage-committed cell dedifferentiation, agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors, ligands of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors, and as inhibitors of HSP90, Src kinase, p38alpha MAP kinase, sulfotransferases, phosphodiesterases, and Cdks. The scope of application of purines in biology is most certainly far from being exhausted. Testing purine derivatives against the multitude of biological targets for which small molecule probes have not yet been found should thus be a natural reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Legraverend
- UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Bât. 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France.
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15
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Provins L, Christophe B, Danhaive P, Dulieu J, Durieu V, Gillard M, Lebon F, Lengelé S, Quéré L, van Keulen B. First dual M3 antagonists-PDE4 inhibitors: synthesis and SAR of 4,6-diaminopyrimidine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1834-9. [PMID: 16439121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
SAR around 4,6-diaminopyrimidine derivatives allowed the discovery of the first potent dual M(3) antagonists and PDE4 inhibitors. Various chemical modulations around that scaffold led to the discovery of ucb-101333-3 which is characterized by the most interesting profile on both targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Provins
- Global Chemistry, UCB, R&D, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium.
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16
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Karskela T, Lönnberg H. Solid-phase synthesis of 7-substituted 3H-imidazo[2,1-i]purines. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:4506-13. [PMID: 17268647 DOI: 10.1039/b612655c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for solid-supported synthesis of N,N-disubstituted (3H-imidazo[2,1-i]purin-7-yl)methyl amines has been developed. The key features of this library synthesis are: (i) immobilization of commercially available N6-benzoyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyadenosine 3'-(2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite) by phosphitylation to a hydroxyl-functionalized support, (ii) quantitative conversion of the deprotected adenine base to 3H-imidazo[2,1-i]purine-7-carbaldehyde with bromomalonaldehyde in DMF in the presence of formic acid and 2,6-lutidine, (iii) reductive amination of the formyl group followed by N-alkylation or N-acylation, and (iv) release from the support by acidolytic cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond. Steps (ii) and (iii) have been optimized in some detail by using (adenin-9-yl)acetic acid anchored to a Phe-Wang resin as a model compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Karskela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FIN-20014, Finland
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17
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B. Townsend L, A. Berry D, Chien TC. Mononuclear Heterocyclic Rearrangement: Synthesis of [5:5] Bicyclic [c]-Fused 3- Aminopyrazoles via the N-N Bond Formation Strategy. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-04-10144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Saunders J, Williams J. Antagonists of the corticotropin releasing factor receptor. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 41:195-247. [PMID: 12774695 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(02)41006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Saunders
- Department of Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, 10555 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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19
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Kazaoka K, Sajiki H, Hirota K. Synthesis of 6-substituted 9-benzyl-8-hydroxypurines with potential interferon-inducing activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:608-11. [PMID: 12736468 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various 6-substituted 9-benzyl-8-hydroxypurines were synthesized in order to investigate the structure-activity relationship at the 6-position of 9-benzyl-8-hydroxyadenine (1), which is a lead compound for the screening of interferon (IFN)-inducing activity. 6-Unsubstituted, mercapto-, methylthio- and hydroxy-9-benzyl-8-hydroxypurines (2-5) were prepared from 5-amino-1-benzyl-4-cyano-2-hydroxyimidazole (9). Synthesis of a 6-methoxy analog (6) was conducted from 5-amino-4-benzylamino-6-chloropyrimidine (13). 6-Alkylamino and acylaminopurines (7 and 8) were also prepared by alkylation and acylation of 1, respectively. Since these compounds (2-8) indicated no activity, it was found that a free amino group of 1 is required for the expression of IFN-inducing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kazaoka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Mitahora-higashi, Japan
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20
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Bakkestuen AK, Gundersen LL. Regioselective N-9 arylation of purines employing arylboronic acids in the presence of Cu(II). Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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22
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Hsin LW, Tian X, Webster EL, Coop A, Caldwell TM, Jacobson AE, Chrousos GP, Gold PW, Habib KE, Ayala A, Eckelman WC, Contoreggi C, Rice KC. CRHR1 Receptor binding and lipophilicity of pyrrolopyrimidines, potential nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:175-83. [PMID: 11738619 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds related to N-butyl-N-ethyl[2,5,6-trimethyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amine (1, antalarmin) have been prepared and evaluated for their CRHR1 binding affinity as the initial step in the development of selective high affinity hydrophilic nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor (CRHR1) antagonists. Calculated log P (Clog P) values were used to evaluate the rank order of hydrophilicity for these analogues. Introducing oxygenated functionalities (delta-hydroxy or bis-beta-ethereal) into 1 gave more hydrophilic compounds, which had good affinity for the receptor. Introducing an amino group or shortening the alkyl side chain was detrimental to CRHR1 affinity. The alcohol 4-[ethyl[2,5,6-trimethyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]butan-1-ol (3), bearing a terminal hydroxyl group on an N-alkyl side-chain, showed the highest CRHR1 binding affinity among these compounds (K(i)=0.68 nM), and is one of the highest affinity CRHR1 ligands known. Compounds 3-5, and 8, which are likely to be less lipophilic than 1, have high CRHR1 affinity and may be valuable probes to further study the CRH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Hsin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Building 8, Room B1-23, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive MSC 0815, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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24
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Yeh CM, Tung CL, Sun CM. Combinatorial liquid-phase synthesis of structurally diverse benzimidazole libraries. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:341-8. [PMID: 10891101 DOI: 10.1021/cc0000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An expedient liquid-phase synthesis for construction of the diverse benzimidazole libraries is described. Nucleophilic aryl substitution of poly(ethylene glycol)-supported 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid 3 with several primary amines under basic conditions, followed by Zn/NH(4)Cl mediated nitro group reduction, gave the PEG bound diamines 5. Subsequent cyclization of immobilized o-phenylenediamine 5 using thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCD) or thiophosgene in dichloromethane furnished benzimidazole-2-thiones 6. Treatment of 6 with alkyl halides and benzylic halides in the presence of triethylamine provided 1-substituted-2-alkylthio-5-carbamoylbenzimidazoles on the support. The desired products 8 were severed from the PEG under mild conditions in high yield and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shou-Feng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
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25
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Beck JP, Curry MA, Chorvat RJ, Fitzgerald LW, Gilligan PJ, Zaczek R, Trainor GL. Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine thiones and -ones as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH-R1) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1185-8. [PMID: 10328310 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine thiones and -ones was prepared and discovered to have good binding affinity to the CRH-R1 receptor, thus showing promise as a new class of potential anxiolytics and/or antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Beck
- DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Wilmington, DE 19880-0500, USA
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