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Takahashi N, Hirota K, Saga Y. Facile transformation of the five-membered exocyclic E-ring in 132-demethoxycarbonyl chlorophyll derivatives by molecular oxygen with titanium oxide in the dark. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Major photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll(Chl)s have a cyclic tetrapyrrole with a five-membered exocyclic E-ring as photofunctional moieties. Its transformation is one promising methodology to develop functional pigments based on Chl chemistry. This paper report a facile conversion from Chl derivatives lacking the 132-methoxycarbonyl moiety to the corresponding chlorophyllous pigments, whose exocyclic E-ring had two oxo groups at the 131- and 132-positions, by contact with the TiO 2 particles in the presence of molecular oxygen in the dark. The conversion proceeded under mild conditions without hydrolysis of the ester group in the 17-propionate residue. This is in sharp contrast to the inevitable ester cleavage in the conventional synthesis of Chl derivatives that possess α-diketone in the E-ring. The reaction properties in the present method allowed us to perform a one-step conversion of Chl derivatives esterified with a natural isoprenoid alcohol phytol to the corresponding 132-oxo-pigments. No removal of central Zn from the chlorin macrocycle occurred in the present conversions using Zn pyropheophytin a as a starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Keiya Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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2
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Saga Y, Ishitani A, Takahashi N, Kawamura K. Production of bacteriopurpurin-18 phytyl ester from bacteriopheophytin a via allomerization by contact with titanium oxides in the presence of molecular oxygen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:639-41. [PMID: 25529741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of bacteriopheophytin (BPhe) a, which was a demetalated pigment of bacteriochlorophyll a in photosynthetic bacteria, in CH2Cl2 in the presence of TiO2 particles with bubbling O2 in the dark produced a pigment absorbing 814nm. Detailed characterization of the novel pigment isolated from the CH2Cl2 suspension revealed that bacteriopurpurin-18 phytyl ester possessing an anhydride-type six-membered exocyclic E-ring was majorly formed by the treatment with TiO2 particles under oxygenic conditions. Oxidation of the bacteriochlorin ring in BPhe a, namely formations of derivatives of 3-acetyl pheophytin a and 3-acetyl protopheophytin a, can barely be detected through the conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naoya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Chaturvedi PK, Kim YW, Kim SS, Ahn WS. Phototoxic effects of pyropheophorbide-a from chlorophyll-a on cervical cancer cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613501034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modality in both the curative and palliative treatment against a variety of experimental and naturally occurring human cancers. At present, chlorophyll a derivatives are extensively used for the synthesis of photosensitizers (PSs) for PDT of tumors. In the present study, chlorophyll-a was extracted from the blue-green algae Spirulina platensis by refluxing with acetone. The extract was further acid treated to obtain methylpheophorbide-a (MPa), which was then refluxed in collidine and methylpyropheophorbide-a (Mppa) was obtained. After that, Mppa was converted to pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) by treatment with 50% sulfuric acid. Finally, phototoxicity and dark toxicity of purified Ppa in two different cell lines, TC-1 and CaSki, were examined by MTT assay. The results suggest that Ppa is more toxic to TC-1 cell line than CaSki cell line. In vivo, the photosensitizing efficiency of Ppa was also higher than those of unloaded PS. These results indicate the potential of Ppa in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Chaturvedi
- Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Wonkwang Institute of Integrative Biomedical Science, Wonkwang Digital University, 437 Dorimcheon-ro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-827, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Shick Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ethirajan M, Chen P, Ohulchanskyy TY, Goswami LN, Gupta A, Srivatsan A, Dobhal MP, Missert JR, Prasad PN, Kadish KM, Pandey RK. Regioselective Synthesis and Photophysical and Electrochemical Studies of 20-Substituted Cyanine Dye-Purpurinimide Conjugates: Incorporation of NiIIinto the Conjugate Enhances its Tumor-Uptake and Fluorescence-Imaging Ability. Chemistry 2013; 19:6670-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Yoon I, Li JZ, Shim YK. Advance in photosensitizers and light delivery for photodynamic therapy. Clin Endosc 2013; 46:7-23. [PMID: 23423543 PMCID: PMC3572355 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The brief history of photodynamic therapy (PDT) research has been focused on photosensitizers (PSs) and light delivery was introduced recently. The appropriate PSs were developed from the first generation PS Photofrin (QLT) to the second (chlorins or bacteriochlorins derivatives) and third (conjugated PSs on carrier) generations PSs to overcome undesired disadvantages, and to increase selective tumor accumulation and excellent targeting. For the synthesis of new chlorin PSs chlorophyll a is isolated from natural plants or algae, and converted to methyl pheophorbide a (MPa) as an important starting material for further synthesis. MPa has various active functional groups easily modified for the preparation of different kinds of PSs, such as methyl pyropheophorbide a, purpurin-18, purpurinimide, and chlorin e6 derivatives. Combination therapy, such as chemotherapy and photothermal therapy with PDT, is shortly described here. Advanced light delivery system is shown to establish successful clinical applications of PDT. Phtodynamic efficiency of the PSs with light delivery was investigated in vitro and/or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Yoon
- PDT Research Institute, Inje University School of Nano System Engineering, Gimhae, Korea
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6
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Chlorin-PEI-labeled cellulose nanocrystals: Synthesis, characterization and potential application in PDT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3648-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Mironov AF, Grin MA, Tsyprovskiy AG. Synthesis of the first N-hydroxycycloimide in the bacteriochlorophyll a series. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424602000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first N-hydroxycycloimide of bacteriochlorin p6has been synthesized and chemical modification at the hydroxyl group demonstrated. The relative reactivities of the acetyl substituent and the anhydride ring in reaction with hydroxylamine were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei F. Mironov
- M.V. Lomonosov State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, pr. Vernadskogo 86, Moscow 117571, Russia
| | - Michael A. Grin
- M.V. Lomonosov State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, pr. Vernadskogo 86, Moscow 117571, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Tsyprovskiy
- M.V. Lomonosov State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, pr. Vernadskogo 86, Moscow 117571, Russia
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8
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Galindev O, Dalantai M, Ahn WS, Shim YK. Gadolinium complexes of chlorin derivatives applicable for MRI contrast agents and PDT. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of contrast agent (CA) research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to identify tumor-seeking materials. Thus, cancer diagnosis by Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) using photosensitizer will be one of the best tools for cancer research. By linking paramagnetic gadolinium [ Gd(III) ] ion to tumor selective chlorin-based photosensitizers, the cancer cell can be easily detected with high sensitivity and cured by appropriate laser irradiation simultaneously. The synthesis of monomer and dimer chlorin derivatives, such as pyropheophorbide-a and purpurin systems, conjugated with Gd(III) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) by means of diethylene-triaminepentaacetic dianhydride (caDTPA) for the evaluation as CAs for MRI was described in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyunbileg Galindev
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Monkhoobor Dalantai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, The National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Woong Shick Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Key Shim
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, South Korea
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9
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Mironov AF, Grin MA, Tsiprovskiy AG, Kachala VV, Karmakova TA, Plyutinskaya AD, Yakubovskaya RI. New bacteriochlorin derivatives with a fused N-aminoimide ring. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424603000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Upon interaction of hydrazine hydrate with bacteriopurpurin, the initially formed monohydrazide in an acidic medium readily reacts with the second carboxyl group to give a six-membered N-aminocycloimide of bacteriochlorin p6. The free amino group at the fused imide ring makes it easy to obtain N-alkyl and N-acyl derivatives. The compounds thus obtained exhibit high light-induced cytotoxicity on A549 human adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey F. Mironov
- M.V. Lomonosov State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, pr.Vernadskogo 86, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Michael A. Grin
- M.V. Lomonosov State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, pr.Vernadskogo 86, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Tsiprovskiy
- M.V. Lomonosov State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, pr.Vernadskogo 86, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Kachala
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninskii prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
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10
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Cui BC, Cha MU, Li JZ, Park HS, Yoon I, Shim YK. Efficient Synthesis and in vitro PDT Effect of Purpurin-18-N-Aminoimides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Synthesis, photophysical properties and photocytotoxicity of mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-glucosylated fluorophenylporphyrins. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1526-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Liu C, Dobhal MP, Ethirajan M, Missert JR, Pandey RK, Balasubramanian S, Sukumaran DK, Zhang M, Kadish KM, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S. Highly Selective Synthesis of the Ring-B Reduced Chlorins by Ferric Chloride-Mediated Oxidation of Bacteriochlorins: Effects of the Fused Imide vs Isocyclic Ring on Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:14311-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8050298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mahabeer P. Dobhal
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manivannan Ethirajan
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Joseph R. Missert
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sathyamangalam Balasubramanian
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Dinesh K. Sukumaran
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Min Zhang
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Chen Y, Potter WR, Missert JR, Morgan J, Pandey RK. Comparative in Vitro and in Vivo Studies on Long-Wavelength Photosensitizers Derived from Bacteriopurpurinimide and Bacteriochlorin p6: Fused Imide Ring Enhances the in Vivo PDT Efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1460-73. [PMID: 17705415 DOI: 10.1021/bc070092i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In situ conversion of bacteriochlorophyll-a, present in Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rb. sphaeroides) gave bacteriopurpurin-18 in modest yield, which in a sequence of reactions was converted into two series of bacteriochlorins: bacteriopurpurinimide and bacteriopurpurin p6 with and without a fused imide ring system, respectively. To determine the effect of overall lipophilicity in photosensitizing efficacy, these bacteriochlorins were independently reacted with HBr gas and subsequently treated with various alkyl alcohols to afford the corresponding alkyl ether derivatives as diastereomeric mixtures (the R- and S-isomers were obtained in almost equal ratios). Between the two series of bacteriochlorins, the bacteriopurpurinimides containing a fused imide ring system were found to be more effective in vivo (C3H mice bearing RIF tumors). To investigate the effect of the presence of the chiral center at position 3 of the most effective purpurinimide 9 [3(1'-heptyloxy)ethyl-3-deacetyl-bacteriopurpurin-18-N-hexylimide propyl ester], the acetyl group was replaced with a hydroxymethyl substituent and converted into 3(1'-decyloxy)methyl-3-deacetyl-purpurin-18-N-hexylimide methyl ester 26 with a similar lipophilicity. Interestingly, compared to 26, the bacteriopurpurinimide 9 was found to be more effective, suggesting that the chiral center at position 3 certainly plays an important role in photosensitizing activity. Among a series of alkyl ether analogues, between the PDT efficacy and the lipophilicity (log P and log D) calculated by computational methods (PALLAS program), a parabolic relationship was observed to some extent. However, it was limited to a particular series, e.g., compounds with similar log P values between bacteriopurpurinimides and bacteriochlorin e6 did not produce similar in vivo efficacy. As expected, within a series, a linear relationship was observed between the log P values and the HPLC retention times of the photosensitizers. Some of the mitochondrial localized photosensitizers showed a significant peripheral benzodiazepine binding (PBR) affinity. However, limited correlation between PBR binding affinity and in vivo PDT efficacy was observed. Compared to the naturally occurring bacteriochlorophyll-a, the bacteriopurpurinimides with fused imide ring system showed higher in vitro/in vivo stability. In contrast to methyl pyropheophorbide-a, the ester functionalities in bacteriopurpurinimide did not convert into the corresponding carboxylic acid by the enzyme esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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14
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Gryshuk AL, Graham A, Pandey SK, Potter WR, Missert JR, Oseroff A, Dougherty TJ, Pandey RK. A First Comparative Study of Purpurinimide-based Fluorinated vs. Nonfluorinated Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760555afcsop2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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K. Pandey R, N. Goswami L, Chen Y, Missert J, Li G, Pallenberg A. Conversion of Bacteriochlorophyll-A to Bacteriopurpurin-18: A Useful Synthon for the Construction of Bioactive Agents for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Han GF, Wang JJ, LÜ JH, Wang FM, Qu Y, Shim YK. Synthesis of Purpurin Imide Derivatives by Modification of Peripheral Functional Groups of Methyl Pheophorbide-a. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Pandey RK, Goswami LN, Chen Y, Gryshuk A, Missert JR, Oseroff A, Dougherty TJ. Nature: A rich source for developing multifunctional agents. tumor-imaging and photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2006; 38:445-67. [PMID: 16788930 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to call attention in the use of chlorophyll-a and bacteriochlorophyll-a to develop more than 600 photosensitizers (lambda (max) 660 nm-800 nm) during the last 15 years (1990-2005) at the Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo. This article mainly includes the chemistry, preclinical results, and brief clinical data of some of the most effective photosensitizers. The utility of the tumor-avid photosensitizers in developing multimodality agents (imaging and therapy) is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Pandey
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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18
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Rosenfeld A, Morgan J, Goswami LN, Ohulchanskyy T, Zheng X, Prasad PN, Oseroff A, Pandey RK. Photosensitizers Derived from 132-Oxo-methyl Pyropheophorbide-a: Enhanced Effect of Indium(III) as a Central Metal in In Vitro and In Vivo Photosensitizing Efficacy. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:626-34. [PMID: 16277564 DOI: 10.1562/2005-09-29-ra-704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of an additional keto group on absorption wavelength and the corresponding metal complexes Zn(II), Cu(II) In(III) on singlet oxygen production and photodynamic efficacy were examined among the alkyl ether analogs of pyropheophorbide-a. For the preparation of the desired photosensitizers, the methyl 13(2)-oxo-pyropheophorbide-a obtained by reacting methyl pyropheophorbide-a with aqueous LiOH-THF was converted into a series of alkyl ether analogs. These compounds were evaluated for photophysical properties and in vitro (by means of the MTT assay and intracellular localization in RIF cells) and in vivo (in C3H mice implanted with RIF tumors) photosensitizing efficacy. Among the alkyl ether derivatives, the methyl 3-decyloxyethyl-3-devinyl-13(2)-oxo-pyropheophorbide-a was found to be most effective and the insertion of In(III) into this analog further enhanced its in vitro and in vivo photosensitizing efficacy. Fluorescence microscopy showed that, in contrast to the hexyl and dodecyl ether derivatives of HPPH (which localize in mitochondria and lysosomes, respectively), the diketo-analogs and their In(III) complexes localized in Golgi bodies. The preliminary in vitro and in vivo results suggest that, in both free-base and metalated analogs, the introduction of an additional keto group at the five-member exocyclic ring in pyropheophorbide-a diminishes its photosensitizing efficacy. This may be due to a shift in subcellular localization from mitochondria to the Golgi bodies. The further introduction of In(III) enhances photoactivity, but not by shifting the localization of the photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rosenfeld
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Mironov AF, Grin MA, Nochovny SA, Toukach PV. Novel cycloimides in the chlorophyll a series. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2003. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2003v013n04abeh001735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Gryshuk AL, Graham A, Pandey SK, Potter WR, Missert JR, Oseroff A, Dougherty TJ, Pandey RK. A first comparative study of purpurinimide-based fluorinated vs. nonfluorinated photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:555-9. [PMID: 12462653 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0555:afcsop>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A first report on the synthesis and comparative in vitro-in vivo photosensitizing efficacy of various fluorinated and the corresponding nonfluorinated, purpurinimide-based photosensitizers is discussed. In preliminary in vivo screening, compared with the nonfluorinated analogs, purpurinimides bearing trifluoromethyl substituents showed enhanced photosensitizing efficacy. Among compounds (isomers) with similar lipophilicity, the position of the substituents was found to play a decisive role in biological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Gryshuk
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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21
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Zheng G, Graham A, Shibata M, Missert JR, Oseroff AR, Dougherty TJ, Pandey RK. Synthesis of beta-galactose-conjugated chlorins derived by enyne metathesis as galectin-specific photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8709-16. [PMID: 11749598 DOI: 10.1021/jo0105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A first report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of the beta-galactose-conjugated purpurinimides (a class of chlorins containing a six-membered fused imide ring system) as Gal-1 (galectin-1) recognized photosensitizers, prepared from purpurin-N-propargylimide via enyne metathesis, is discussed. On the basis of examination of the available crystal structure of the galectin-1 N-acetyllactose amine complex, it was considered that the chlorin-based photosensitizers could be introduced into a carbohydrate skeleton to expand the repertoire of the galectin-1-specific ligands. Preliminary molecular modeling analysis utilizing the modeled photosensitizers and the available crystal structures of galectin-carbohydrate complexes indicated that addition of the photosensitizer to the carbohydrate moiety at an appropriate position does not interfere with the galectin-carbohydrate recognition. Under similar drug and light doses, compared to the free purpurinimide analogue, the purpurinimides conjugated either with galactose or with lactose (Gal(beta1-4)-Glc) produced a considerable increase in photosensitizing efficacy in vitro. This indicates the possibility for development of a new class of specific photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on recognition of a cellular receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zheng
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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22
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Chen Y, Medforth CJ, Smith KM, Alderfer J, Dougherty TJ, Pandey RK. Effect of Meso-Substituents on the Osmium Tetraoxide Reaction and Pinacol−Pinacolone Rearrangement of the Corresponding vic-Dihydroxyporphyrins. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3930-9. [PMID: 11375017 DOI: 10.1021/jo0100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents upon the reaction of porphyrins with osmium tetraoxide, and the pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement of the resulting diols, a series of meso-substituted porphyrins were prepared by total synthesis. Porphyrins with electron-donating substitutents at the meso-positions gave vic-dihydroxychlorins in which the adjacent pyrrole subunit was predominantly oxidized. No such selectivity was observed in a porphyrin containing a methoxycarbonyl as the electron-withdrawing group, whereas a formyl substituent again resulted in oxidation at the pyrrole unit adjacent to the meso-substituent. Under pinacol-pinacolone conditions, vic-dihydroxy chlorins containing 4-methoxyphenyl or 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl groups at the meso-position showed preferential migration of the ethyl group over the methyl group to give 8-ketochlorins, whereas the diol with an n-heptyl substituent under similar reaction conditions gave both 7- and 8-ketochlorins. In contrast, the diol containing a meso-formyl substituent produced the corresponding 7-ketochlorin exclusively. These results indicate that it is not possible to predict the reactivity of meso-substituted porphyrins in the osmium tetraoxide reaction nor the general substituent migratory aptitudes in the pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement based on simple electronic arguments, most likely because many parameters (e.g., meso-beta-pyrrolic steric crowding and long-range electronic effects) ultimately determine the reactivity. The structural assignments of the porphyrin diols and the keto-analogues were confirmed by extensive (1)H NMR studies; some of the dihydroxychlorins and ketochlorins were found to display unusual features in their (1)H NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Chemistry Division, Photodynamic Therapy Center, NMR Facility, Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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23
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Li G, Graham A, Potter W, Grossman ZD, Oseroff A, Dougherty TJ, Pandey RK. A simple and efficient approach for the synthesis of fluorinated and nonfluorinated octaethylporphyrin-based benzochlorins with variable lipophilicity, their in vivo tumor uptake, and the preliminary in vitro photosensitizing efficacy. J Org Chem 2001; 66:1316-25. [PMID: 11312962 DOI: 10.1021/jo001541+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Starting from commercially available Ni(II)octaethylporphyrin (OEP), an efficient approach for the preparation of a series of fluorinated and nonfluorinated benzochlorins with variable lipophicity has been developed. Their spectroscopic properties, preliminary in vitro photosensitizing efficacy, and tumor selectivity were determined. Our methodology provides a facile approach for the preparation of the free-base and the related Zn(II) benzochlorins containing alkyl and alkyl ether side chains with variable carbon units. For the preparation of benzochlorins containing alkyl groups attached to the exocyclic phenyl ring, the Ni(II) meso-(2-formylvinyl)octaethyl porphyrin 2 was reacted with various reagents such as (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMS-CF3) or the Grignard reagents of various fluorinated or nonfluorinated alkyl halides. The corresponding intermediates 3, 6a-6e, and 8 obtained via intramolecular cyclization under acidic conditions afforded the related benzochlorins 5, 7a-d, and 9 in good yields except for 7e which was obtained in poor yield (11.4%). The alcohol 10 obtained by reacting porphyrin 2 with ethynylmagnesium chloride did not produce the expected acetylenic benzochlorin; instead the corresponding acetyl derivative 11 was obtained as a major product, which under appropriate reaction conditions was converted into a series of alkyl ether derivatives 13a-13d. To obtain a benzochlorin bearing an ester functionality (15), porphyrin 2 was first reacted with ethyl acetate/LDA and the intermediate alcohol 14 was then cyclized with sulfuric acid. Unlike most of the natural and synthetic chlorins, the Zn(II) complexes of the benzochlorin analogues exhibited a significant bathochromic shift ( approximately 10 nm) in the electronic absorption spectra, and the long wavelength absorptions were observed in the range 671-677 nm (epsilon: 43270-50360). For investigating the in vitro efficacy of these analogues, Molt-4 cells were used. At a concentration of 2.5 microM, and a light dose of 4 J/cm2, all benzochlorins produced significant photosensitizing efficacy. The tumor (RIF) and muscle uptake in C3H mice of these photosensitizers was determined by in vivo reflectance spectroscopy. These results indicate that in this series increasing the length of the alkyl or alkyl ether carbon chains at the fused phenyl ring system produced a significant increase in tumor uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- Chemistry Division, Department of Nuclear Medicine, and Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Rungta A, Zheng G, Missert JR, Potter WR, Dougherty TJ, Pandey RK. Purpurinimides as photosensitizers: effect of the presence and position of the substituents in the in vivo photodynamic efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1463-6. [PMID: 10888333 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach for the regioselective synthesis of a series of alkyl ether analogues of purpurin-18-N-alkylimide. In the purpurinimide series, this is the first example which demonstrates that the presence and position of the substituents in the macrocycle makes a remarkable difference in the in vivo PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rungta
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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