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Abstract
The discovery of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release in sea urchin eggs and then as a ubiquitous Ca2+ mobilizing messenger has introduced several novel paradigms to our understanding of Ca2+ signalling, not least in providing a link between cell stimulation and Ca2+ release from lysosomes and other acidic Ca2+ storage organelles. In addition, the hallmark concentration-response relationship of NAADP-mediated Ca2+ release, shaped by striking activation/desensitization mechanisms, influences its actions as an intracellular messenger. There has been recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release, such as the identification of the endo-lysosomal two-pore channel family of cation channels (TPCs) as their principal target and the identity of NAADP-binding proteins that complex with them. The NAADP/TPC signalling axis has gained recent prominence in pathophysiology for their roles in such disease processes as neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis and cellular viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lora L Martucci
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton-Linked Ca2+ Signaling by Intracellular pH in Fertilized Eggs of Sea Urchin. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091496. [PMID: 35563801 PMCID: PMC9100012 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In sea urchin, the immediate contact of the acrosome-reacted sperm with the egg surface triggers a series of structural and ionic changes in the egg cortex. Within one minute after sperm fuses with the egg plasma membrane, the cell membrane potential changes with the concurrent increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels. The consequent exocytosis of the cortical granules induces separation of the vitelline layer from the egg plasma membrane. While these cortical changes are presumed to prevent the fusion of additional sperm, the subsequent late phase (between 1 and 4 min after fertilization) is characterized by reorganization of the egg cortex and microvilli (elongation) and by the metabolic shift to activate de novo protein and DNA syntheses. The latter biosynthetic events are crucial for embryonic development. Previous studies suggested that the early phase of fertilization was not a prerequisite for these changes in the second phase since the increase in the intracellular pH induced by the exposure of unfertilized sea urchin eggs to ammonia seawater could start metabolic egg activation in the absence of the cortical granule exocytosis. In the present study, we have demonstrated that the incubation of unfertilized eggs in ammonia seawater induced considerable elongations of microvilli (containing actin filaments) as a consequence of the intracellular pH increase, which increased the egg’s receptivity to sperm and made the eggs polyspermic at fertilization despite the elevation of the fertilization envelope (FE). These eggs also displayed compromised Ca2+ signals at fertilization, as the amplitude of the cortical flash was significantly reduced and the elevated intracellular Ca2+ level declined much faster. These results have also highlighted the importance of the increased internal pH in regulating Ca2+ signaling and the microvillar actin cytoskeleton during the late phase of the fertilization process.
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3
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Kang W, Suzuki M, Saito T, Miyado K. Emerging Role of TCA Cycle-Related Enzymes in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13057. [PMID: 34884868 PMCID: PMC8657694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the main source of cellular energy and participates in many metabolic pathways in cells. Recent reports indicate that dysfunction of TCA cycle-related enzymes causes human diseases, such as neurometabolic disorders and tumors, have attracted increasing interest in their unexplained roles. The diseases which develop as a consequence of loss or dysfunction of TCA cycle-related enzymes are distinct, suggesting that each enzyme has a unique function. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between each TCA cycle-related enzyme and human diseases. We also discuss their functions in the context of both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial (or cytoplasmic) enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (M.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Miki Suzuki
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (M.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Takako Saito
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan;
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (M.S.); (K.M.)
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4
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Su P, Bretz JD, Gunaratne GS, Marchant JS, Walseth TF, Slama JT. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of adenine substituted nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 30:115901. [PMID: 33321420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is an indispensable metabolic co-substrate and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is an important Ca2+ releasing intracellular second messenger. Exploration of the NADP and NAADP interactome often requires the synthesis of NADP derivatives substituted on the adenosine nucleoside. The introduction of the 2'-phosphate of NADP makes the synthesis of substituted NADP derivatives difficult. We have employed recombinant human NAD kinase expressed in E. coli as an enzymatic reagent to convert readily available synthetic NAD derivatives to NADP analogs, which were subsequently transformed into NAADP derivatives using enzyme catalyzed pyridine base exchange. 8-Ethynyl-NADP, 8-ethynyl-NAADP and 5-N3-8-ethynyl-NAADP were synthesized starting from a protected 8-ethynyladenosine using a combination of chemical and enzymatic steps and the NAADP derivatives shown to be recognized by the sea urchin NAADP receptor at low concentration. Our methodology will enable researchers to produce mono- and bi-substituted NADP and NAADP analogs that can be applied in proteomic studies to identify NADP and NAADP binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Su
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - James D Bretz
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St., Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509, United States
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509, United States
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St., Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, United States.
| | - James T Slama
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
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5
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Nam TS, Park DR, Rah SY, Woo TG, Chung HT, Brenner C, Kim UH. Interleukin-8 drives CD38 to form NAADP from NADP + and NAAD in the endolysosomes to mobilize Ca 2+ and effect cell migration. FASEB J 2020; 34:12565-12576. [PMID: 32717131 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001249r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger whose formation has remained elusive. In vitro, CD38-mediated NAADP synthesis requires an acidic pH and a nonphysiological concentration of nicotinic acid (NA). We discovered that CD38 catalyzes synthesis of NAADP by exchanging the nicotinamide moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+ ) for the NA group of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) inside endolysosomes of interleukin 8 (IL8)-treated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Upon IL8 stimulation, cytosolic NADP+ is transported to acidified endolysosomes via connexin 43 (Cx43) and gated by cAMP-EPAC-RAP1-PP2A signaling. CD38 then performs a base-exchange reaction with the donor NA group deriving from NAAD, produced by newly described endolysosomal activities of NA phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) and NMN adenyltransferase (NMNAT) 3. Thus, the membrane organization of endolysosomal CD38, a signal-mediated transport system for NADP+ and luminal NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes integrate signals from a chemokine and cAMP to specify the spatiotemporal mobilization of Ca2+ to drive cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sik Nam
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dae-Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Woo
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Feng M, Elaïb Z, Borgel D, Denis CV, Adam F, Bryckaert M, Rosa JP, Bobe R. NAADP/SERCA3-Dependent Ca 2+ Stores Pathway Specifically Controls Early Autocrine ADP Secretion Potentiating Platelet Activation. Circ Res 2020; 127:e166-e183. [PMID: 32588751 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ca2+ signaling is a key and ubiquitous actor of cell organization and its modulation controls many cellular responses. SERCAs (sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases) pump Ca2+ into internal stores that play a major role in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration rise upon cell activation. Platelets exhibit 2 types of SERCAs, SERCA2b and SERCA3 (SERCA3 deficient mice), which may exert specific roles, yet ill-defined. We have recently shown that Ca2+ mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores was required for full platelet activation in weak stimulation conditions. OBJECTIVE To uncover the signaling mechanisms associated with Ca2+ mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores leading to ADP secretion. METHODS AND RESULTS Using platelets from wild-type or Serca3-deficient mice, we demonstrated that an early (within 5-10 s following stimulation) secretion of ADP specifically dependent on SERCA3 stored Ca2+ is exclusively mobilized by nicotinic acid adenosine dinucleotide-phosphate (NAADP): both Ca2+ mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores and primary ADP secretion are blocked by the NAADP receptor antagonist Ned-19, and reciprocally both are stimulated by permeant NAADP. In contrast, Ca2+ mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores and primary ADP secretion were unaffected by inhibition of the production of IP3 (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate) by phospholipase-C and accordingly were not stimulated by permeant IP3. CONCLUSIONS Upon activation, an NAADP/SERCA3 Ca2+ mobilization pathway initiates an early ADP secretion, potentiating platelet activation, and a secondary wave of ADP secretion driven by both an IP3/SERCA2b-dependent Ca2+ stores pathway and the NAADP/SERCA3 pathway. This does not exclude that Ca2+ mobilized from SERCA3 stores may also enhance platelet global reactivity to agonists. Because of its modulating effect on platelet activation, this NAADP-SERCA3 pathway may be a relevant target for anti-thrombotic therapy. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Feng
- From the HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ziane Elaïb
- From the HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine Borgel
- From the HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile V Denis
- From the HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Adam
- From the HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marijke Bryckaert
- From the HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Rosa
- From the HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Régis Bobe
- From the HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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7
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Lakpa KL, Halcrow PW, Chen X, Geiger JD. Readily Releasable Stores of Calcium in Neuronal Endolysosomes: Physiological and Pathophysiological Relevance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:681-697. [PMID: 31646530 PMCID: PMC7047846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are long-lived post-mitotic cells that possess an elaborate system of endosomes and lysosomes (endolysosomes) for protein quality control. Relatively recently, endolysosomes were recognized to contain high concentrations (400-600 μM) of readily releasable calcium. The release of calcium from this acidic organelle store contributes to calcium-dependent processes of fundamental physiological importance to neurons including neurotransmitter release, membrane excitability, neurite outgrowth, synaptic remodeling, and cell viability. Pathologically, disturbances of endolysosome structure and/or function have been noted in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). And, dysregulation of intracellular calcium has been implicated in the neuropathogenesis of these same neurological disorders. Thus, it is important to better understand mechanisms by which calcium is released from endolysosomes as well as the consequences of such release to inter-organellar signaling, physiological functions of neurons, and possible pathological consequences. In doing so, a path forward towards new therapeutic modalities might be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi L Lakpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Peter W Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Of the established Ca2+-mobilizing messengers, NAADP is arguably the most tantalizing. It is the most potent, often efficacious at low nanomolar concentrations, and its receptors undergo dramatic desensitization. Recent studies have identified a new class of calcium-release channel, the two-pore channels (TPCs), as the likely targets for NAADP regulation, even though the effect may be indirect. These channels localized at endolysosomes, where they mediate local Ca2+ release, and have highlighted a new role of acidic organelles as targets for messenger-evoked Ca2+ mobilization. Three distinct roles of TPCs have been identified. The first is to effect local Ca2+ release that may play a role in endolysosomal function including vesicular fusion and trafficking. The second is to trigger global calcium release by recruiting Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release (CICR) channels at lysosomal-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) junctions. The third is to regulate plasma membrane excitability by the targeting of Ca2+ release from appropriately positioned subplasma membrane stores to regulate plasma membrane Ca2+-activated channels. In this review, I discuss the role of nicotinic acid adenine nucleotide diphosphate (NAADP)-mediated Ca2+ release from endolysosomal stores as a widespread trigger for intracellular calcium signaling mechanisms, and how studies of TPCs are beginning to enhance our understanding of the central role of lysosomes in Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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9
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Galione A, Chuang KT. Pyridine Nucleotide Metabolites and Calcium Release from Intracellular Stores. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1131:371-394. [PMID: 31646518 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ signals are probably the most common intracellular signaling cellular events, controlling an extensive range of responses in virtually all cells. Many cellular stimuli, often acting at cell surface receptors, evoke Ca2+ signals by mobilizing Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) was the first messenger shown to link events at the plasma membrane to release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through the activation of IP3-gated Ca2+ release channels (IP3 receptors). Subsequently, two additional Ca2+ mobilizing messengers were discovered, cADPR and NAADP. Both are metabolites of pyridine nucleotides, and may be produced by the same class of enzymes, ADP-ribosyl cyclases, such as CD38. Whilst cADPR mobilizes Ca2+ from the ER by activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs), NAADP releases Ca2+ from acidic stores by a mechanism involving the activation of two pore channels (TPCs). In addition, other pyridine nucleotides have emerged as intracellular messengers. ADP-ribose and 2'-deoxy-ADPR both activate TRPM2 channels which are expressed at the plasma membrane and in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kai-Ting Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Khan N, Haughey NJ, Nath A, Geiger JD. Involvement of organelles and inter-organellar signaling in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146389. [PMID: 31425679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endolysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membranes are now known to physically and functionally interact with each other. Such findings of inter-organellar signaling and communication has led to a resurgent interest in cell biology and an increased appreciation for the physiological actions and pathological consequences of the dynamic physical and chemical communications occurring between intracellular organelles. Others and we have shown that HIV-1 proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV and that Alzheimer's disease both affects the structure and function of intracellular organelles. Intracellular organelles are highly mobile, and their intracellular distribution almost certainly affects their ability to interact with other organelles and to regulate such important physiological functions as endolysosome acidification, cell motility, and nutrient homeostasis. Indeed, compounds that acidify endolysosomes cause endolysosomes to exhibit a mainly perinuclear pattern while compounds that de-acidify endolysosomes cause these organelles to exhibit a larger profile as well as movement towards plasma membranes. Endolysosome pH might be an early event in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV and Alzheimer's disease and in terms of organellar biology endolysosome changes might be upstream of HIV-1 protein-induced changes to other organelles. Thus, inter-organellar signaling mechanisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV and other neurological disorders, and a better understanding of inter-organellar signaling might lead to improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States.
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Asfaha TY, Gunaratne GS, Johns ME, Marchant JS, Walseth TF, Slama JT. The synthesis and characterization of a clickable-photoactive NAADP analog active in human cells. Cell Calcium 2019; 83:102060. [PMID: 31442840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger which triggers Ca2+ release in both sea urchin egg homogenates and in mammalian cells. The NAADP binding protein has not been identified and the regulation of NAADP mediated Ca2+ release remains controversial. To address this issue, we have synthesized an NAADP analog in which 3-azido-5-azidomethylbenzoic acid is attached to the amino group of 5-(3-aminopropyl)-NAADP to produce an NAADP analog which is both a photoaffinity label and clickable. This 'all-in-one-clickable' NAADP (AIOC-NAADP) elicited Ca2+ release when microinjected into cultured human SKBR3 cells at low concentrations. In contrast, it displayed little activity in sea urchin egg homogenates where very high concentrations were required to elicit Ca2+ release. In mammalian cell homogenates, incubation with low concentrations of [32P]AIOC-NAADP followed by irradiation with UV light resulted in labeling 23 kDa protein(s). Competition between [32P]AIOC-NAADP and increasing concentrations of NAADP demonstrated that the labeling was selective. We show that this label recognizes and selectively photodervatizes the 23 kDa NAADP binding protein(s) in cultured human cells identified in previous studies using [32P]5-N3-NAADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timnit Yosef Asfaha
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St., Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0217, United States
| | - Malcolm E Johns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St., Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0217, United States
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-0509, United States
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St., Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0217, United States.
| | - James T Slama
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States.
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12
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Yuan Y, Gunaratne GS, Marchant JS, Patel S. Probing Ca 2+ release mechanisms using sea urchin egg homogenates. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 151:445-458. [PMID: 30948025 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchin eggs have been extensively used to study Ca2+ release through intracellular Ca2+-permeable channels. Their amenability to homogenization yields a robust, cell-free preparation that was central to establishing the Ca2+ mobilizing actions of cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP. Egg homogenates have continued to provide insight into the basic properties and pharmacology of intracellular Ca2+ release channels. In this chapter, we describe methods for the preparation of egg homogenates and monitoring Ca2+ release using fluorimetry and radiotracer flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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13
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Vasilev F, Limatola N, Chun JT, Santella L. Contributions of suboolemmal acidic vesicles and microvilli to the intracellular Ca 2+ increase in the sea urchin eggs at fertilization. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:757-775. [PMID: 30906208 PMCID: PMC6429021 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of fertilization in echinoderms is characterized by instantaneous increase of Ca2+ in the egg cortex, which is called 'cortical flash', and the subsequent Ca2+ wave. While the cortical flash is due to the ion influx through L-type Ca2+ channels in starfish eggs, its amplitude was shown to be affected by the integrity of the egg cortex. Here, we investigated the contribution of cortical granules (CG) and yolk granules (YG) to the sperm-induced Ca2+ signals in sea urchin eggs. To this end, prior to fertilization, Paracentrotus lividus eggs were treated with agents that disrupt or relocate CG beneath the plasma membrane: namely, glycyl-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide (GPN), procaine, urethane, and NH4Cl. All these pretreatments consistently suppressed the cortical flash in the fertilized eggs, and accelerated the decay kinetics of the subsiding Ca2+ wave in most cases. By contrast, centrifugation of the eggs, which stratifies organelles but not the CG, did not exhibit such changes except that the CF was much enhanced in the centrifugal pole where YG are localized. Surprisingly, we noted that pretreatment of the eggs with these CG-disrupting agents or with the inhibitors of L-type Ca2+ channels all drastically reduced the density of the microvilli and their individual shapes on the egg surface. Taken together, our results suggest that the integrity of the egg cortex ensures successful generation of the Ca2+ responses at fertilization, and that modulation of microvilli shape and density may serve as a mechanism of controlling ion flux across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vasilev
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - N Limatola
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - J T Chun
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Santella
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
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14
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Ge Y, Long Y, Xiao S, Liang L, He Z, Yue C, Wei X, Zhou Y. CD38 affects the biological behavior and energy metabolism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:585-599. [PMID: 30535454 PMCID: PMC6317656 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignant tumor type in Southern China and South-East Asia. Cluster of differentiation (CD)38 is highly expressed in the human immune system and participates in the activation of T, natural killer and plasma cells mediated by CD2 and CD3 through synergistic action. CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, which was observed to mediate diverse activities, including signal transduction, cell adhesion and cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis. However, the significance of CD38 in NPC biological behavior and cellular energy metabolism has not been examined. In order to elucidate the effect of CD38 on the biological behavior of NPC cells, stable CD38-overexpressed NPC cell lines were established. It was demonstrated that CD38 promoted NPC cell proliferation with Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. It was also indicated that CD38 inhibited cell senescence, and promoted cell metastasis. Furthermore, it was determined that CD38 promoted the conversion of cells to the S phase and decreased the content of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+. Additionally, cell metabolism assays demonstrated that CD38 increased the concentration of ATP, lactic acid, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and human ADP/acrp30 concentration in NPC cells. To investigate the possible mechanism, bioinformatics analysis and mass spectrometry technology was used to determine the most notably changing molecule and signaling pathways, and it was determined and verified that CD38 regulated the metabolic-associated signaling pathways associated with tumor protein 53, hypoxia inducible factor-1α and sirtuin 1. The present results indicated that CD38 may serve a carcinogenic role in NPC by regulating metabolic-associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Ge
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Long
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liang
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxi He
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Chunxue Yue
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Wei
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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15
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Liu B, Cao W, Li J, Liu J. Lysosomal exocytosis of ATP is coupled to P2Y 2 receptor in marginal cells in the stria vascular in neonatal rats. Cell Calcium 2018; 76:62-71. [PMID: 30273839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is stored as lysosomal vesicles in marginal cells of the stria vascular in neonatal rats, but the mechanisms of ATP release are unclear. Primary cultures of marginal cells from 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were established. P2Y2 receptor and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor were immunolabelled in marginal cells of the stria vascular. We found that 30 μM ATP and 30 μM uridine triphosphate (UTP) evoked comparable significant increases in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, whereas the response was suppressed by 100 μM suramin, 10 μM 1-(6-(17β-3-methoxyester-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)-hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione(U-73122), 100 μM 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and 5 μM thapsigargin (TG), thus indicating that ATP coupled with the P2Y2R-PLC-IP3 pathway to evoke Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Incubation with 200 μM Gly-Phe-β-naphthylamide (GPN) selectively disrupted lysosomes and caused significant increases in [Ca2+]I; this effect was partly inhibited by P2Y2R-PLC-IP3 pathway antagonists. After pre-treatment with 5 μM TG, [Ca2+]i was significantly lower than that after treatment with P2Y2R-PLC-IP3 pathway antagonists under the same conditions, thus indicating that lysosomal Ca2+ triggers Ca2+ release from ER Ca2+ stores. Baseline [Ca2+]i declined after treatment with the Ca2+ chelator 50 μM bis-(aminophenolxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid acetoxyme-thyl ester (BAPTA-AM) and 4 IU/ml apyrase. 30 μM ATP decrease of the number of quinacrine-positive vesicles via lysosome exocytosis, whereas the number of lysosomes did not change. However, lysosome exocytosis was significantly suppressed by pre-treatment with 5 μM vacuolin-1. Release of ATP and β-hexosaminidase both increased after treatment with 200 μM GPN and 5 μM TG, but decreased after incubation with 50 μM BAPTA-AM, 4 IU/ml apyrase and 5 μM vacuolin-1. We suggest that ATP triggers Ca2+ release from the ER, thereby contributing to secretion of lysosomal ATP via lysosomal exocytosis. Lysosomal stored Ca2+ triggers Ca2+ release from the ER directly though the IP3 receptors, and lysosomal ATP evokes Ca2+ signals indirectly via the P2Y2R-PLC-IP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxin Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Two-pore channels and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1678-1686. [PMID: 29746898 PMCID: PMC6162333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) are Ca2+-permeable endo-lysosomal ion channels subject to multi-modal regulation. They mediate their physiological effects through releasing Ca2+ from acidic organelles in response to cues such as the second messenger, NAADP. Here, we review emerging evidence linking TPCs to disease. We discuss how perturbing both local and global Ca2+ changes mediated by TPCs through chemical and/or molecular manipulations can induce or reverse disease phenotypes. We cover evidence from models of Parkinson's disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Ebola infection, cancer, cardiac dysfunction and diabetes. A need for more drugs targeting TPCs is identified.
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17
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Bootman MD, Chehab T, Bultynck G, Parys JB, Rietdorf K. The regulation of autophagy by calcium signals: Do we have a consensus? Cell Calcium 2017; 70:32-46. [PMID: 28847414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter called 'autophagy') is a cellular process for degrading and recycling cellular constituents, and for maintenance of cell function. Autophagy initiates via vesicular engulfment of cellular materials and culminates in their degradation via lysosomal hydrolases, with the whole process often being termed 'autophagic flux'. Autophagy is a multi-step pathway requiring the interplay of numerous scaffolding and signalling molecules. In particular, orthologs of the family of ∼30 autophagy-regulating (Atg) proteins that were first characterised in yeast play essential roles in the initiation and processing of autophagic vesicles in mammalian cells. The serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a master regulator of the canonical autophagic response of cells to nutrient starvation. In addition, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a key sensor of cellular energy status, can trigger autophagy by inhibiting mTOR, or by phosphorylating other downstream targets. Calcium (Ca2+) has been implicated in autophagic signalling pathways encompassing both mTOR and AMPK, as well as in autophagy seemingly not involving these kinases. Numerous studies have shown that cytosolic Ca2+ signals can trigger autophagy. Moreover, introduction of an exogenous chelator to prevent cytosolic Ca2+ signals inhibits autophagy in response to many different stimuli, with suggestions that buffering Ca2+ affects not only the triggering of autophagy, but also proximal and distal steps during autophagic flux. Observations such as these indicate that Ca2+ plays an essential role as a pro-autophagic signal. However, cellular Ca2+ signals can exert anti-autophagic actions too. For example, Ca2+ channel blockers induce autophagy due to the loss of autophagy-suppressing Ca2+ signals. In addition, the sequestration of Ca2+ by mitochondria during physiological signalling appears necessary to maintain cellular bio-energetics, thereby suppressing AMPK-dependent autophagy. This article attempts to provide an integrated overview of the evidence for the proposed roles of various Ca2+ signals, Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ sources in controlling autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Bootman
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Tala Chehab
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katja Rietdorf
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK
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18
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High resolution structural evidence suggests the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum forms microdomains with Acidic Stores (lysosomes) in the heart. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40620. [PMID: 28094777 PMCID: PMC5240626 DOI: 10.1038/srep40620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAADP) stimulates calcium release from acidic stores such as lysosomes and is a highly potent calcium-mobilising second messenger. NAADP plays an important role in calcium signalling in the heart under basal conditions and following β-adrenergic stress. Nevertheless, the spatial interaction of acidic stores with other parts of the calcium signalling apparatus in cardiac myocytes is unknown. We present evidence that lysosomes are intimately associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in ventricular myocytes; a median separation of 20 nm in 2D electron microscopy and 3.3 nm in 3D electron tomography indicates a genuine signalling microdomain between these organelles. Fourier analysis of immunolabelled lysosomes suggests a sarcomeric pattern (dominant wavelength 1.80 μm). Furthermore, we show that lysosomes form close associations with mitochondria (median separation 6.2 nm in 3D studies) which may provide a basis for the recently-discovered role of NAADP in reperfusion-induced cell death. The trigger hypothesis for NAADP action proposes that calcium release from acidic stores subsequently acts to enhance calcium release from the SR. This work provides structural evidence in cardiac myocytes to indicate the formation of microdomains between acidic and SR calcium stores, supporting emerging interpretations of NAADP physiology and pharmacology in heart.
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19
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Development of Ca2+-release mechanisms during oocyte maturation of the starfish Asterina pectinifera. ZYGOTE 2016; 24:857-868. [PMID: 27692029 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199416000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An important step for successful fertilization and further development is the increase in intracellular Ca2+ in the activated oocyte. It has been known that starfish oocytes become increasingly sensitive to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) during meiotic maturation to exhibit highly efficient IP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) by the time of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). However, we noted that the peak level of intracellular Ca2+ increase after insemination is already high in the maturing oocytes before GVBD. Using maturing oocytes before GVBD, we investigated Ca2+ release mechanisms other than IICR. We report here that Ca2+-release mechanisms dependent on nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADP), the precursor of NAADP, became functional prior to the development of IICR mechanisms. As with IP3, but unlike NAADP, the Ca2+ stores responsive to NADP are sensitized during the meiotic maturation induced by 1-methyladenine (1-MA). This suggests that the process may represent a physiological response to the maturation hormone. NADP-dependent Ca2+ release in immature oocytes, however, did not induce oocyte maturation by itself, but was enhanced by the conditions mimicking the increases of intracellular Ca2+ and pH that take place in the maturing oocytes of starfish.
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20
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Brailoiu GC, Brailoiu E. Modulation of Calcium Entry by the Endo-lysosomal System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:423-47. [PMID: 27161239 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endo-lysosomes are acidic organelles that besides the role in macromolecules degradation, act as intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), the most potent Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger, produced in response to agonist stimulation, activates Ca(2+)-releasing channels on endo-lysosomes and modulates a variety of cellular functions. NAADP-evoked signals are amplified by Ca(2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum, via the recruitment of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and/or ryanodine receptors through a Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)- release (CICR) mechanism. The endo-lysosomal Ca(2+) channels activated by NAADP were recently identified as the two-pore channels (TPCs). In addition to TPCs, endo-lysosomes express another distinct family of Ca(2+)- permeable channels, namely the transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) channels, functionally distinct from TPCs. TPCs belong to the voltage-gated channels, resembling voltage-gated Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels. TPCs have important roles in vesicular fusion and trafficking, in triggering a global Ca(2+) signal and in modulation of the membrane excitability. Depletion of acidic Ca(2+) stores has been shown to activate store-operated Ca(2+) entry in human platelets and mouse pancreatic β-cells. In human platelets, Ca(2+) influx in response to acidic stores depletion is facilitated by the tubulin-cytoskeleton and occurs through non-selective cation channels and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. Emerging evidence indicates that activation of intracellular receptors, situated on endo-lysosomes, elicits canonical and non-canonical signaling mechanisms that involve CICR and activation of non-selective cation channels in plasma membrane. The ability of endo-lysosomal Ca(2+) stores to modulate the Ca(2+) release from other organelles and the Ca(2+) entry increases the diversity and complexity of cellular signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut St, Rm 916, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Room 848, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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21
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Abstract
The most fundamental unresolved issue of fertilization is to define how the sperm activates the egg to begin embryo development. Egg activation at fertilization in all species thus far examined is caused by some form of transient increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration. What has not been clear, however, is precisely how the sperm triggers the large changes in Ca2+ observed within the egg cytoplasm. Here, we review the studies indicating that the fertilizing sperm stimulates a cytosolic Ca2+ increase in the egg specifically by delivering a soluble factor that diffuses into the cytosolic space of the egg upon gamete membrane fusion. Evidence is primarily considered in species of eggs where the sperm has been shown to elicit a cytosolic Ca2+ increase by initiating Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. We suggest that our best understanding of these signaling events is in mammals, where the sperm triggers a prolonged series of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. The strongest empirical studies to date suggest that mammalian sperm-triggered Ca2+ oscillations are caused by the introduction of a sperm-specific protein, called phospholipase C-zeta (PLCζ) that generates inositol trisphosphate within the egg. We will discuss the role and mechanism of action of PLCζ in detail at a molecular and cellular level. We will also consider some of the evidence that a soluble sperm protein might be involved in egg activation in nonmammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Swann
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F. Anthony Lai
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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22
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Hui L, Geiger NH, Bloor-Young D, Churchill GC, Geiger JD, Chen X. Release of calcium from endolysosomes increases calcium influx through N-type calcium channels: Evidence for acidic store-operated calcium entry in neurons. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:617-27. [PMID: 26475051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurons possess an elaborate system of endolysosomes. Recently, endolysosomes were found to have readily releasable stores of intracellular calcium; however, relatively little is known about how such 'acidic calcium stores' affect calcium signaling in neurons. Here we demonstrated in primary cultured neurons that calcium released from acidic calcium stores triggered calcium influx across the plasma membrane, a phenomenon we have termed "acidic store-operated calcium entry (aSOCE)". aSOCE was functionally distinct from store-operated calcium release and calcium entry involving endoplasmic reticulum. aSOCE appeared to be governed by N-type calcium channels (NTCCs) because aSOCE was attenuated significantly by selectively blocking NTCCs or by siRNA knockdown of NTCCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NTCCs co-immunoprecipitated with the lysosome associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and that aSOCE is accompanied by increased cell-surface expression levels of NTCC and LAMP1 proteins. Moreover, we demonstrated that siRNA knockdown of LAMP1 or Rab27a, both of which are key proteins involved in lysosome exocytosis, attenuated significantly aSOCE. Taken together our data suggest that aSOCE occurs in neurons, that aSOCE plays an important role in regulating the levels and actions of intraneuronal calcium, and that aSOCE is regulated at least in part by exocytotic insertion of N-type calcium channels into plasma membranes through LAMP1-dependent lysosome exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Nicholas H Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Duncan Bloor-Young
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Grant C Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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23
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Santella L, Limatola N, Chun JT. Calcium and actin in the saga of awakening oocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:104-13. [PMID: 25998739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the spermatozoon with the egg at fertilization remains one of the most fascinating mysteries of life. Much of our scientific knowledge on fertilization comes from studies on sea urchin and starfish, which provide plenty of gametes. Large and transparent, these eggs have served as excellent model systems for studying egg activation and embryo development in seawater, a plain natural medium. Starfish oocytes allow the study of the cortical, cytoplasmic and nuclear changes during the meiotic maturation process, which can also be triggered in vitro by hormonal stimulation. These morphological and biochemical changes ensure successful fertilization of the eggs at the first metaphase. On the other hand, sea urchin eggs are fertilized after the completion of meiosis, and are particularly suitable for the study of sperm-egg interaction, early events of egg activation, and embryonic development, as a large number of mature eggs can be fertilized synchronously. Starfish and sea urchin eggs undergo abrupt changes in the cytoskeleton and ion fluxes in response to the fertilizing spermatozoon. The plasma membrane and cortex of an egg thus represent "excitable media" that quickly respond to the stimulus with the Ca(2+) swings and structural changes. In this article, we review some of the key findings on the rapid dynamic rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton in the oocyte/egg cortex upon hormonal or sperm stimulation and their roles in the modulation of the Ca(2+) signals and in the control of monospermic fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Santella
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Napoli, I-80121, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Limatola
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Napoli, I-80121, Italy
| | - Jong T Chun
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Napoli, I-80121, Italy
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24
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Ruas M, Galione A, Parrington J. Two-Pore Channels: Lessons from Mutant Mouse Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4:4-22. [PMID: 27330869 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2015.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent interest in two-pore channels (TPCs) has resulted in a variety of studies dealing with the functional role and mechanism of action of these endo-lysosomal proteins in diverse physiological processes. With the availability of mouse lines harbouring mutant alleles for Tpcnl and/or Tpcn2 genes, several studies have made use of them to validate, consolidate and discover new roles for these channels not only at the cellular level but, importantly, also at the level of the whole organism. The different mutant mouse lines that have been used were derived from distinct genetic manipulation strategies, with the aim of knocking out expression of TPC proteins. However, the expression of different residual TPC sequences predicted to occur in these mutant mouse lines, together with the varied degree to which the effects on Tpcn expression have been studied, makes it important to assess the true knockout status of some of the lines. In this review we summarize these Tpcn mutant mouse lines with regard to their predicted effect on Tpcn expression and the extent to which they have been characterized. Additionally, we discuss how results derived from studies using these Tpcn mutant mouse lines have consolidated previously proposed roles for TPCs, such as mediators of NAADP signalling, endo-lysosomal functions, and pancreatic β cell physiology. We will also review how they have been instrumental in the assignment of new physiological roles for these cation channels in processes such as membrane electrical excitability, neoangiogenesis, viral infection and brown adipose tissue and heart function, revealing, in some cases, a specific contribution of a particular TPC isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ruas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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25
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Penny CJ, Kilpatrick BS, Eden ER, Patel S. Coupling acidic organelles with the ER through Ca²⁺ microdomains at membrane contact sites. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:387-96. [PMID: 25866010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acidic organelles such as lysosomes serve as non-canonical Ca(2+) stores. The Ca(2+) mobilising messenger NAADP is thought to trigger local Ca(2+) release from such stores. These events are then amplified by Ca(2+) channels on canonical ER Ca(2+) stores to generate physiologically relevant global Ca(2+) signals. Coupling likely occurs at microdomains formed at membrane contact sites between acidic organelles and the ER. Molecular analyses and computational modelling suggest heterogeneity in the composition of these contacts and predicted Ca(2+) microdomain behaviour. Conversely, acidic organelles might also locally amplify and temper ER-evoked Ca(2+) signals. Ca(2+) microdomains between distinct Ca(2+) stores are thus likely to be integral to the genesis of complex Ca(2+) signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Penny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bethan S Kilpatrick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Emily R Eden
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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26
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Evolution of acidic Ca2+ stores and their resident Ca2+-permeable channels. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:222-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Brandvain Y, Coop G. Sperm should evolve to make female meiosis fair. Evolution 2015; 69:1004-14. [PMID: 25662355 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic conflicts arise when an allele gains an evolutionary advantage at a cost to organismal fitness. Oögenesis is inherently susceptible to such conflicts because alleles compete for inclusion into the egg. Alleles that distort meiosis in their favor (i.e., meiotic drivers) often decrease organismal fitness, and therefore indirectly favor the evolution of mechanisms to suppress meiotic drive. In this light, many facets of oögenesis and gametogenesis have been interpreted as mechanisms of protection against genomic outlaws. That females of many animal species do not complete meiosis until after fertilization, appears to run counter to this interpretation, because this delay provides an opportunity for sperm-acting alleles to meddle with the outcome of female meiosis and help like alleles drive in heterozygous females. Contrary to this perceived danger, the population genetic theory presented herein suggests that, in fact, sperm nearly always evolve to increase the fairness of female meiosis in the face of genomic conflicts. These results are consistent with the apparent sperm dependence of the best characterized female meiotic driversin animals. Rather than providing an opportunity for sperm collaboration in female meiotic drive, the "fertilization requirement" indirectly protects females from meiotic drivers by providing sperm an opportunity to suppress drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Brandvain
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108.
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28
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Ronco V, Potenza DM, Denti F, Vullo S, Gagliano G, Tognolina M, Guerra G, Pinton P, Genazzani AA, Mapelli L, Lim D, Moccia F. A novel Ca²⁺-mediated cross-talk between endoplasmic reticulum and acidic organelles: implications for NAADP-dependent Ca²⁺ signalling. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:89-100. [PMID: 25655285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) serves as the ideal trigger of spatio-temporally complex intracellular Ca(2+) signals. However, the identity of the intracellular Ca(2+) store(s) recruited by NAADP, which may include either the endolysosomal (EL) or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) pools, is still elusive. Here, we show that the Ca(2+) response to NAADP was suppressed by interfering with either EL or ER Ca(2+) sequestration. The measurement of EL and ER Ca(2+) levels by using selectively targeted aequorin unveiled that the preventing ER Ca(2+) storage also affected ER Ca(2+) loading and vice versa. This indicates that a functional Ca(2+)-mediated cross-talk exists at the EL-ER interface and exerts profound implications for the study of NAADP-induced Ca(2+) signals. Extreme caution is warranted when dissecting NAADP targets by pharmacologically inhibiting EL and/or the ER Ca(2+) pools. Moreover, Ca(2+) transfer between these compartments might be essential to regulate vital Ca(2+)-dependent processes in both organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Ronco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Duilio Michele Potenza
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Denti
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vullo
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gagliano
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Tognolina
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyfCentro Fermi, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lisa Mapelli
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Centro Fermi, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Favia A, Desideri M, Gambara G, D'Alessio A, Ruas M, Esposito B, Del Bufalo D, Parrington J, Ziparo E, Palombi F, Galione A, Filippini A. VEGF-induced neoangiogenesis is mediated by NAADP and two-pore channel-2-dependent Ca2+ signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4706-15. [PMID: 25331892 PMCID: PMC4226099 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406029111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors VEGFR1/VEGFR2 play major roles in controlling angiogenesis, including vascularization of solid tumors. Here we describe a specific Ca(2+) signaling pathway linked to the VEGFR2 receptor subtype, controlling the critical angiogenic responses of endothelial cells (ECs) to VEGF. Key steps of this pathway are the involvement of the potent Ca(2+) mobilizing messenger, nicotinic acid adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), and the specific engagement of the two-pore channel TPC2 subtype on acidic intracellular Ca(2+) stores, resulting in Ca(2+) release and angiogenic responses. Targeting this intracellular pathway pharmacologically using the NAADP antagonist Ned-19 or genetically using Tpcn2(-/-) mice was found to inhibit angiogenic responses to VEGF in vitro and in vivo. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) Ned-19 abolished VEGF-induced Ca(2+) release, impairing phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt, eNOS, JNK, cell proliferation, cell migration, and capillary-like tube formation. Interestingly, Tpcn2 shRNA treatment abolished VEGF-induced Ca(2+) release and capillary-like tube formation. Importantly, in vivo VEGF-induced vessel formation in matrigel plugs in mice was abolished by Ned-19 and, most notably, failed to occur in Tpcn2(-/-) mice, but was unaffected in Tpcn1(-/-) animals. These results demonstrate that a VEGFR2/NAADP/TPC2/Ca(2+) signaling pathway is critical for VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Given that VEGF can elicit both pro- and antiangiogenic responses depending upon the balance of signal transduction pathways activated, targeting specific VEGFR2 downstream signaling pathways could modify this balance, potentially leading to more finely tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Favia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Gambara
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio D'Alessio
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; and
| | - Margarida Ruas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Esposito
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Ziparo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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30
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Soluble sperm extract specifically recapitulates the initial phase of the Ca2+ response in the fertilized oocyte of P. occelata following a G-protein/ PLCβ signaling pathway. ZYGOTE 2014; 23:821-35. [PMID: 25318389 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199414000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Matured oocytes of the annelidan worm Pseudopotamilla occelata are fertilized at the first metaphase of the meiotic division. During the activation by fertilizing spermatozoa, the mature oocyte shows a two-step intracellular Ca2+ increase. Whereas the first Ca2+ increase is localized and appears to utilize the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive Ca2+ stores, the second Ca2+ increase is global and involves Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels on the entire surface of the oocyte. To study how sperm trigger the Ca2+ increases during fertilization, we prepared soluble sperm extract (SE) and examined its ability to induce Ca2+ increases in the oocyte. The SE could evoke a Ca2+ increase in the oocyte when it was added to the medium, but not when it was delivered by microinjection. However, the second-step Ca2+ increase leading to the resumption of meiosis did not follow in these eggs. Local application of SE induced a non-propagating Ca2+ increase and formed a cytoplasmic protrusion that was similar to that created by the fertilizing sperm at the first stage of the Ca2+ response, important for sperm incorporation into the oocyte. Our results suggest that the fertilizing spermatozoon may trigger the first-step Ca2+ increase before it fuses with the oocyte in a pathway that involves the G-protein-coupled receptor and phospholipase C. Thus, the first phase of the Ca2+ response in the fertilized egg of this species is independent of the second phase of the Ca2+ increase for egg activation.
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Galione A. A primer of NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signalling: From sea urchin eggs to mammalian cells. Cell Calcium 2014; 58:27-47. [PMID: 25449298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the Ca(2+) mobilizing effects of the pyridine nucleotide metabolite, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), this molecule has been demonstrated to function as a Ca(2+) mobilizing intracellular messenger in a wide range of cell types. In this review, I will briefly summarize the distinct principles behind NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signalling before going on to outline the role of this messenger in the physiology of specific cell types. Central to the discussion here is the finding that NAADP principally mobilizes Ca(2+) from acidic organelles such as lysosomes and it is this property that allows NAADP to play a unique role in intracellular Ca(2+) signalling. Lysosomes and related organelles are small Ca(2+) stores but importantly may also initiate a two-way dialogue with other Ca(2+) storage organelles to amplify Ca(2+) release, and may be strategically localized to influence localized Ca(2+) signalling microdomains. The study of NAADP signalling has created a new and fruitful focus on the lysosome and endolysosomal system as major players in calcium signalling and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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32
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Galione A, Chuang KT, Funnell TM, Davis LC, Morgan AJ, Ruas M, Parrington J, Churchill GC. Synthesis of [³²P]NAADP for the radioreceptor binding assay. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014; 2014:993-5. [PMID: 25183813 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot076919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a major messenger for Ca(2+) mobilization in cells. NAADP-binding proteins are highly selective and have a strong affinity for NAADP. This is the basis of the radioreceptor binding assay, which is used to measure NAADP levels in cells and tissues and to identify cellular stimuli that use NAADP as an intracellular messenger. In the radioreceptor binding assay, radiolabeled NAADP ([(32)P]NAADP) competes with endogenous NAADP present in samples for binding to their receptors. Here, we describe the synthesis of [(32)P]NAADP for use in the radioreceptor binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Ting Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M Funnell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Margarida Ruas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Grant C Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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33
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Nakano T, Deguchi R, Kyozuka K. Intracellular calcium signaling in the fertilized eggs of Annelida. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1188-94. [PMID: 24953697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization is such a universal and indispensable step in sexual reproduction, but a high degree of variability exists in the way it takes place in the animal kingdom. As discussed in other reviews in this issue, recent works on this subject clarified many points. However, important results on the mechanisms of fertilization are obtained mainly from a few restricted model organisms. In this sense, it is utterly important to collect more information from various phyla. In this review, we have re-introduced Annelida as one of the most suitable models for the analysis of fertilization process. We have briefly reviewed the historical works on the fertilization of Annelida. Then, we have described recent findings on the two independent Ca(2+) increases in the fertilized eggs of Annelida, which arise from two different mechanisms and may have distinct physiological roles toward sperm entry and egg activation. We propose that the Ca(2+) increase in the fertilized eggs reflect the specific needs of the zygote in a given species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Marine Biology, Asamushi, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan.
| | - Ryusaku Deguchi
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Kyozuka
- Research Center for Marine Biology, Asamushi, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan.
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34
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Arndt L, Castonguay J, Arlt E, Meyer D, Hassan S, Borth H, Zierler S, Wennemuth G, Breit A, Biel M, Wahl-Schott C, Gudermann T, Klugbauer N, Boekhoff I. NAADP and the two-pore channel protein 1 participate in the acrosome reaction in mammalian spermatozoa. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:948-64. [PMID: 24451262 PMCID: PMC3952862 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-09-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A TPCN1 gene–deficient mouse strain is used to show that two convergent working NAADP-dependent pathways with nonoverlapping activation and self-inactivation profiles for distinct NAADP concentrations drive acrosomal exocytosis, by which TPC1 is central for the pathway activated by low-micromolar NAADP concentrations. The functional relationship between the formation of hundreds of fusion pores during the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa and the mobilization of calcium from the acrosome has been determined only partially. Hence, the second messenger NAADP, promoting efflux of calcium from lysosome-like compartments and one of its potential molecular targets, the two-pore channel 1 (TPC1), were analyzed for its involvement in triggering the acrosome reaction using a TPCN1 gene–deficient mouse strain. The present study documents that TPC1 and NAADP-binding sites showed a colocalization at the acrosomal region and that treatment of spermatozoa with NAADP resulted in a loss of the acrosomal vesicle that showed typical properties described for TPCs: Registered responses were not detectable for its chemical analogue NADP and were blocked by the NAADP antagonist trans-Ned-19. In addition, two narrow bell-shaped dose-response curves were identified with maxima in either the nanomolar or low micromolar NAADP concentration range, where TPC1 was found to be responsible for activating the low affinity pathway. Our finding that two convergent NAADP-dependent pathways are operative in driving acrosomal exocytosis supports the concept that both NAADP-gated cascades match local NAADP concentrations with the efflux of acrosomal calcium, thereby ensuring complete fusion of the large acrosomal vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Arndt
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 München, Germany Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 München, Germany Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Institute for Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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35
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Lu Y, Hao B, Graeff R, Yue J. NAADP/TPC2/Ca(2+) Signaling Inhibits Autophagy. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 6:e27595. [PMID: 24753792 PMCID: PMC3984295 DOI: 10.4161/cib.27595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic adenine acid dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is one of the most potent endogenous Ca2+ mobilizing messengers. NAADP mobilizes Ca2+ from an acidic lysosome-related store, which can be subsequently amplified into global Ca2+ waves by calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) from ER/SR via Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors or ryanodine receptors. A body of evidence indicates that 2 pore channel 2 (TPC2), a new member of the superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels containing 12 putative transmembrane segments, is the long sought after NAADP receptor. Activation of NAADP/TPC2/Ca2+ signaling inhibits the fusion between autophagosome and lysosome by alkalizing the lysosomal pH, thereby arresting autophagic flux. In addition, TPC2 is downregulated during neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and TPC2 downregulation actually facilitates the neural lineage entry of ES cells. Here we propose the mechanism underlying how NAADP-induced Ca2+ release increases lysosomal pH and discuss the role of TPC2 in neural differentiation of mouse ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Department of Physiology; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Baixia Hao
- Department of Physiology; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Richard Graeff
- Department of Physiology; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Physiology; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
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36
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Graeff RM, Lee HC. Determination of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, cyclic ADP-ribose, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate in tissue extracts. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1016:39-56. [PMID: 23681571 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-441-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a novel second messenger that releases calcium from intracellular stores. Although first shown to release calcium in the sea urchin egg, cADPR has been shown since to be active in a variety of cells and tissues, from plant to human. cADPR stimulates calcium release via ryanodine receptors although the mechanism is still not completely understood. cADPR is produced enzymatically from NAD by ADP-ribosyl cyclases; several of these proteins have been identified including one isolated from Aplysia californica, two types found in mammals (CD38 and CD157), and three forms in sea urchin. A cyclase activity has been measured in extracts from Arabidopsis thaliana although the protein is still unidentified. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is another novel messenger that releases calcium from internal stores and is produced by these same enzymes by an exchange reaction. NAADP targets lysosomal stores whereas cADPR releases calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. Due to their importance in cell signaling, cADPR and NAADP have been the focus of numerous investigations over the last 25 years. This chapter describes several assay methods for the measurements of cADPR and NAADP concentration and cyclase activity in extracts from cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Graeff
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Kashir J, Deguchi R, Jones C, Coward K, Stricker SA. Comparative biology of sperm factors and fertilization-induced calcium signals across the animal kingdom. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:787-815. [PMID: 23900730 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization causes mature oocytes or eggs to increase their concentrations of intracellular calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in all animals that have been examined, and such Ca²⁺ elevations, in turn, provide key activating signals that are required for non-parthenogenetic development. Several lines of evidence indicate that the Ca²⁺ transients produced during fertilization in mammals and other taxa are triggered by soluble factors that sperm deliver into oocytes after gamete fusion. Thus, for a broad-based analysis of Ca²⁺ dynamics during fertilization in animals, this article begins by summarizing data on soluble sperm factors in non-mammalian species, and subsequently reviews various topics related to a sperm-specific phospholipase C, called PLCζ, which is believed to be the predominant activator of mammalian oocytes. After characterizing initiation processes that involve sperm factors or alternative triggering mechanisms, the spatiotemporal patterns of Ca²⁺ signals in fertilized oocytes or eggs are compared in a taxon-by-taxon manner, and broadly classified as either a single major transient or a series of repetitive oscillations. Both solitary and oscillatory types of fertilization-induced Ca²⁺ signals are typically propagated as global waves that depend on Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum in response to increased concentrations of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃). Thus, for taxa where relevant data are available, upstream pathways that elevate intraoocytic IP3 levels during fertilization are described, while other less-common modes of producing Ca²⁺ transients are also examined. In addition, the importance of fertilization-induced Ca²⁺ signals for activating development is underscored by noting some major downstream effects of these signals in various animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Kashir
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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38
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The N-terminal region of two-pore channel 1 regulates trafficking and activation by NAADP. Biochem J 2013; 453:147-51. [PMID: 23634879 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TPCs (two-pore channels) are NAADP (nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate)-sensitive Ca2+-permeable ion channels expressed on acidic organelles. In the present study we show that deletion of the N-terminal region redirects TPC1 to the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). The introduction of fluorophores at the N-terminus of TPC1 does not affect its subcellular location, but does reversibly abolish NAADP sensitivity. Our results reveal a dual role for the N-terminus in localization and function of TPC1.
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39
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Zhang ZH, Lu YY, Yue J. Two pore channel 2 differentially modulates neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66077. [PMID: 23776607 PMCID: PMC3680454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is an endogenous Ca2+ mobilizing nucleotide presented in various species. NAADP mobilizes Ca2+ from acidic organelles through two pore channel 2 (TPC2) in many cell types and it has been previously shown that NAADP can potently induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. Here we examined the role of TPC2 signaling in the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that the expression of TPC2 was markedly decreased during the initial ES cell entry into neural progenitors, and the levels of TPC2 gradually rebounded during the late stages of neurogenesis. Correspondingly, TPC2 knockdown accelerated mouse ES cell differentiation into neural progenitors but inhibited these neural progenitors from committing to neurons. Overexpression of TPC2, on the other hand, inhibited mouse ES cell from entering the early neural lineage. Interestingly, TPC2 knockdown had no effect on the differentiation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of mouse ES cells. Taken together, our data indicate that TPC2 signaling plays a temporal and differential role in modulating the neural lineage entry of mouse ES cells, in that TPC2 signaling inhibits ES cell entry to early neural progenitors, but is required for late neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Hao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lu
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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40
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Morgan AJ, Davis LC, Wagner SKTY, Lewis AM, Parrington J, Churchill GC, Galione A. Bidirectional Ca²⁺ signaling occurs between the endoplasmic reticulum and acidic organelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 200:789-805. [PMID: 23479744 PMCID: PMC3601362 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201204078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
After acidic organelles induce signaling to activate ER calcium ion release, local microdomains of high calcium at ER–acidic organelle junctions feed back to activate further acidic organelle calcium release. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and acidic organelles (endo-lysosomes) act as separate Ca2+ stores that release Ca2+ in response to the second messengers IP3 and cADPR (ER) or NAADP (acidic organelles). Typically, trigger Ca2+ released from acidic organelles by NAADP subsequently recruits IP3 or ryanodine receptors on the ER, an anterograde signal important for amplification and Ca2+ oscillations/waves. We therefore investigated whether the ER can signal back to acidic organelles, using organelle pH as a reporter of NAADP action. We show that Ca2+ released from the ER can activate the NAADP pathway in two ways: first, by stimulating Ca2+-dependent NAADP synthesis; second, by activating NAADP-regulated channels. Moreover, the differential effects of EGTA and BAPTA (slow and fast Ca2+ chelators, respectively) suggest that the acidic organelles are preferentially activated by local microdomains of high Ca2+ at junctions between the ER and acidic organelles. Bidirectional organelle communication may have wider implications for endo-lysosomal function as well as the generation of Ca2+ oscillations and waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, England, UK.
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41
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Aley PK, Singh N, Brailoiu GC, Brailoiu E, Churchill GC. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a second messenger in muscarinic receptor-induced contraction of guinea pig trachea. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10986-93. [PMID: 23467410 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is increasingly being demonstrated to be involved in calcium signaling in many cell types and species. Although it has been shown to play a role in smooth muscle cell contraction in several tissues, nothing is known about its possible role in tracheal smooth muscle, a muscle type that is clinically relevant to asthma. To determine whether NAADP functions as a second messenger in tracheal smooth muscle contraction, we used the criteria set out by Sutherland for a molecule to be designated a second messenger. We report that NAADP satisfies all five criteria as follows. First, the NAADP antagonist Ned-19 inhibited contractions in tracheal rings and calcium increases in isolated smooth muscle cells induced by the muscarinic agonist carbachol. Second, NAADP increased cytosolic calcium in isolated cells when microinjected and was blocked by Ned-19. Third, tracheal homogenates could synthesize NAADP by base exchange from exogenous NADP and nicotinic acid and metabolize exogenous NAADP to nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide by a 2'-phosphatase. Fourth, carbachol induced a rapid and transient increase in endogenous NAADP levels. Fifth, tracheal homogenates contained NAADP-binding sites of high affinity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NAADP functions as a second messenger in tracheal smooth muscle, and therefore, steps in the NAADP signaling pathway might provide possible new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvinder K Aley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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Santella L, Vasilev F, Chun JT. Fertilization in echinoderms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:588-94. [PMID: 22925679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For more than 150 years, echinoderm eggs have served as overly favored experimental model systems in which to study fertilization. Sea urchin and starfish belong to the same phylum and thus share many similarities in their fertilization patterns. However, several subtle but fundamental differences do exist in the fertilization of sea urchin and starfish, reflecting their phylogenetic bifurcation approximately 500 million years ago. In this article we review some of the seminal and recent findings that feature similarities and differences in sea urchin and starfish at fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Santella
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Napoli 80121, Italy.
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Ramos I, Wessel GM. Calcium pathway machinery at fertilization in echinoderms. Cell Calcium 2012; 53:16-23. [PMID: 23218671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling in cells directs diverse physiological processes. The calcium waves triggered by fertilization is a highly conserved calcium signaling event essential for egg activation, and has been documented in every egg tested. This activity is one of the few highly conserved events of egg activation through the course of evolution. Echinoderm eggs, as well as many other cell types, have three main intracellular Ca(2+) mobilizing messengers - IP3, cADPR and NAADP. Both cADPR and NAADP were identified as Ca(2+) mobilizing messengers using the sea urchin egg homogenate, and this experimental system, along with the intact urchin and starfish oocyte/egg, continues to be a vital tool for investigating the mechanism of action of calcium signals. While many of the major regulatory steps of the IP3 pathway are well resolved, both cADPR and NAADP remain understudied in terms of our understanding of the fundamental process of egg activation at fertilization. Recently, NAADP has been shown to trigger Ca(2+) release from acidic vesicles, separately from the ER, and a new class of calcium channels, the two-pore channels (TPCs), was identified as the likely targets for this messenger. Moreover, it was found that both cADPR and NAADP can be synthesized by the same family of enzymes, the ADP-rybosyl cyclases (ARCs). In this context of increasing amount of information, the potential coupling and functional roles of different messengers, intracellular stores and channels in the formation of the fertilization calcium wave in echinoderms will be critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ramos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Lewis AM, Aley PK, Roomi A, Thomas JM, Masgrau R, Garnham C, Shipman K, Paramore C, Bloor-Young D, Sanders LEL, Terrar DA, Galione A, Churchill GC. β-Adrenergic receptor signaling increases NAADP and cADPR levels in the heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:326-9. [PMID: 22995315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that β-Adrenergic receptor signaling increases heart rate and force through not just cyclic AMP but also the Ca(2+)-releasing second messengers NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose). Nevertheless, proof of the physiological relevance of these messengers requires direct measurements of their levels in response to receptor stimulation. Here we report that in intact Langendorff-perfused hearts β-adrenergic stimulation increased both messengers, with NAADP being transient and cADPR being sustained. Both NAADP and cADPR have physiological and therefore pathological relevance by providing alternative drug targets in the β-adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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Lee HC. Cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) as messengers for calcium mobilization. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31633-40. [PMID: 22822066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.349464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate were discovered >2 decades ago. That they are second messengers for mobilizing Ca(2+) stores has since been firmly established. Separate stores and distinct Ca(2+) channels are targeted, with cyclic ADP-ribose acting on the ryanodine receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate mobilizes the endolysosomes via the two-pore channels. Despite the structural and functional differences, both messengers are synthesized by a ubiquitous enzyme, CD38, whose crystal structure and catalytic mechanism have now been well elucidated. How this novel signaling enzyme is regulated remains largely unknown and is the focus of this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Cheung Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Vasilev F, Chun JT, Gragnaniello G, Garante E, Santella L. Effects of ionomycin on egg activation and early development in starfish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39231. [PMID: 22723970 PMCID: PMC3377674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionomycin is a Ca2+-selective ionophore that is widely used to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels in cell biology laboratories. It is also occasionally used to activate eggs in the clinics practicing in vitro fertilization. However, neither the precise molecular action of ionomycin nor its secondary effects on the eggs' structure and function is well known. In this communication we have studied the effects of ionomycin on starfish oocytes and zygotes. By use of confocal microscopy, calcium imaging, as well as light and transmission electron microscopy, we have demonstrated that immature oocytes exposed to ionomycin instantly increase intracellular Ca2+ levels and undergo structural changes in the cortex. Surprisingly, when microinjected into the cells, ionomycin produced no Ca2+ increase. The ionomycin-induced Ca2+ rise was followed by fast alteration of the actin cytoskeleton displaying conspicuous depolymerization at the oocyte surface and in microvilli with concomitant polymerization in the cytoplasm. In addition, cortical granules were disrupted or fused with white vesicles few minutes after the addition of ionomycin. These structural changes prevented cortical maturation of the eggs despite the normal progression of nuclear envelope breakdown. At fertilization, the ionomycin-pretreated eggs displayed reduced Ca2+ response, no elevation of the fertilization envelope, and the lack of orderly centripetal translocation of actin fibers. These alterations led to difficulties in cell cleavage in the monospermic zygotes and eventually to a higher rate of abnormal development. In conclusion, ionomycin has various deleterious impacts on egg activation and the subsequent embryonic development in starfish. Although direct comparison is difficult to make between our findings and the use of the ionophore in the in vitro fertilization clinics, our results call for more defining investigations on the issue of a potential risk in artificial egg activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vasilev
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Jong T. Chun
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gragnaniello
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ezio Garante
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigia Santella
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Marchant JS, Lin-Moshier Y, Walseth TF, Patel S. The Molecular Basis for Ca 2+ Signalling by NAADP: Two-Pore Channels in a Complex? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1:63-76. [PMID: 25309835 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2012.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NAADP is a potent Ca2+ mobilizing messenger in a variety of cells but its molecular mechanism of action is incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that the poorly characterized two-pore channels (TPCs) in animals are NAADP sensitive Ca2+-permeable channels. TPCs localize to the endo-lysosomal system but are functionally coupled to the better characterized endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels to generate physiologically relevant complex Ca2+ signals. Whether TPCs directly bind NAADP is not clear. Here we discuss the idea based on recent studies that TPCs are the pore-forming subunits of a protein complex that includes tightly associated, low molecular weight NAADP-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yaping Lin-Moshier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Abstract
TPCs (two-pore channels) have recently been identified as targets for the Ca2+-mobilizing messenger NAADP (nicotinic acid–adenine dinucleotide phosphate). TPCs have a unique structure consisting of cytosolic termini, two hydrophobic domains (I and II) each comprising six transmembrane regions and a pore, and a connecting cytosolic loop; however, little is known concerning how these channels are assembled. In the present paper, we report that both domain I and II of human TPCs are capable of independent insertion into membranes, whereas the loop linking the domains fails to insert. Pairs of transmembrane regions within domain I of TPC1 are also capable of insertion, consistent with sequential translational integration of hydrophobic regions. Insertion of the first two transmembrane regions, however, was inefficient, indicating possible interaction between transmembrane regions during translation. Both domains, and each pair of transmembrane regions within domain I, were capable of forming oligomers, highlighting marked redundancy in the molecular determinants driving oligomer formation. Each hydrophobic domain formed dimers upon cross-linking. The first four transmembrane regions of TPC1 also formed dimers, whereas transmembrane regions 5 and 6, encompassing the pore loop, formed both dimers and tetramers. TPCs thus probably assemble as dimers through differential interactions between transmembrane regions. The present study provides new molecular insight into the membrane insertion and oligomerization of TPCs.
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Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a potent intracellular Ca(2+)-mobilising messenger. Much evidence indicates that NAADP targets novel Ca(2+) channels located on acidic organelles but the identity of these channels has remained obscure. Recent studies have converged on a novel class of ion channels, the two-pore channels (TPCs) as likely molecular targets. The location of these channels to the endo-lysosomal system and their sensitivity to NAADP match closely those of endogenous NAADP-sensitive channels in both mammalian cells and sea urchin eggs, where the effects of NAADP were discovered. Moreover, the functional coupling of TPCs to archetypal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) channels is also matched. Biophysical analysis in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis demonstrates that TPCs are pore-forming subunits of NAADP-gated ion channels. TPCs have a unique two-repeat structure, are regulated by N-linked glycosylation and harbor an endo-lysosomal targeting motif in their N-terminus. Knockdown studies have shown TPCs to regulate smooth muscle contraction, differentiation and endothelial cell activation consistent with previous studies implicating NAADP in these processes. Thus multiple lines of evidence indicate that TPCs are the likely long sought targets for NAADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hooper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK.
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Pyridine nucleotide metabolites and calcium release from intracellular stores. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:305-23. [PMID: 22453948 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signals are probably the most common intracellular signaling elements, controlling an extensive range of responses in virtually all cells. Many cellular stimuli, often acting at cell surface receptors, evoke Ca(2+) signals by mobilizing Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. Inositol trisphosphate (IP₃) was the first messenger shown to link events at the plasma membrane to release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through activation of IP₃-gated Ca(2+) release channels (IP₃ receptors). Subsequently, two additional Ca(2+) mobilizing messengers were discovered, cADPR and NAADP. Both are metabolites of pyridine nucleotides, and may be produced by the same class of enzymes, ADP-ribosyl cyclases, such as CD38. Whilst cADPR mobilizes Ca(2+) from the ER by activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs), NAADP releases Ca(2+) from acidic stores by a mechanism involving the activation of two pore channels (TPCs).
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