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Ismail S, Giacinti G, Raynaud CD, Cameleyre X, Alfenore S, Guillouet S, Gorret N. Impact of the environmental parameters on single cell protein production and composition by Cupriavidus necator. J Biotechnol 2024; 388:83-95. [PMID: 38621427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to the rapid increase in the world's population, many developing countries are facing malnutrition problems, including famine and food insecurity. Particularly, the deficiency of protein sources becomes a serious problem for human and animal nutrition. In this context, Single Cell Proteins, could be exploited as an alternative source of unconventional proteins. The aim of the study was to investigate SCP production and composition by Cupriavidus necator under various environmental conditions, temperature and pH values. A mono-factorial approach was implemented using batch bioreactor cultures under well-controlled conditions. Results were compared in terms of bacterial growth and SCP composition (proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids and elemental formula). Complementary analyses were performed by flow cytometry to study cell morphology, membrane permeability and the presence of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production. Our data confirmed the ability of C. necator to produce high amount of proteins (69 %DW at 30 °C and pH7). The results showed that temperature and pH independently impact SCP production and composition. This impact was particularly observed at the highest temperature (40 °C) and also the lowest pH value (pH5) providing lower growth rates, cell elongation, changes in granularity and lower amounts of proteins (down to 44 %DW at pH5) and nucleic acids. These low percentages were related to the production of PHB production (up to 44 %DW at 40 °C) which is the first report of a PHB accumulation in C. necator under nutrient unlimited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Ismail
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Géraldine Giacinti
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, Toulouse, France; Centre d'Application et de Traitement des Agro-Ressources (CATAR), Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Delagado Raynaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, Toulouse, France; Centre d'Application et de Traitement des Agro-Ressources (CATAR), Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Cameleyre
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Gorret
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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Paniagua-Michel JDJ, Olmos-Soto J, Morales-Guerrero ER. Algal and microbial exopolysaccharides: new insights as biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 73:221-257. [PMID: 25300549 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800268-1.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, efforts are being made to utilize more natural biological systems as alternatives as a way to replace fossil forms of carbon. There is a growing concern at global level to have nontoxic, nonhazardous surface-active agents; contrary to synthetic surfactants, their biological counterparts or biosurfactants play a primary function, facilitating microbial presence in environments dominated by hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. Algal and microbial biosurfactants/bioemulsifiers from marine and deep-sea environments are attracting major interest due to their structural and functional diversity as molecules actives of surface and an alternative biomass to replace fossil forms of carbon. Algal and microbial surfactants are lipid in nature and classified as glycolipids, phospholipids, lipopeptides, natural lipids, fatty acids, and lipopolysaccharides. These metabolic bioactive products are applicable in a number of industries and processes, viz., food processing, pharmacology, and bioremediation of oil-polluted environments. This chapter presents an update of the progress and potentialities of the principal producers of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-type biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers, viz., macro- and microalgae (cyanobacteria and diatoms) and bacteria from marine and extreme environments. Particular interest is centered into new sources and applications, viz., marine and deep-sea environments and promissory uses of these EPSs as biosurfactants/emulsifiers and other polymeric roles. The enormous benefits of these molecules encourage their discovery, exploitation, and development of new microbial EPSs that could possess novel industrial importance and corresponding innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de Jesús Paniagua-Michel
- Laboratory for Bioactive Compounds and Bioremediation, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Olmos-Soto
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Roberto Morales-Guerrero
- Laboratory for Bioactive Compounds and Bioremediation, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Deka D, Jawed M, Goyal A. Purification and characterization of an alkaline cellulase produced by Bacillus subtilis (AS3). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 43:256-70. [PMID: 23379273 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2012.719849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular alkaline carboxymethycellulase (CMCase) from Bacillus subtilis was purified by salt precipitation followed by anion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sepharose. The cell-free supernatant containing crude enzyme had a CMCase activity of 0.34 U/mg. The purified enzyme gave a specific activity of 3.33 U/mg, with 10-fold purification and an overall activity yield of 5.6%. The purified enzyme displayed a protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with an apparent molecular size of 30 kDa, which was also confirmed by zymogram analysis. The enzyme displayed multisubstrate specificity, showing significantly higher activity with lichenan and β-glucan as compared to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), laminarin, hydroxyethylcellulose, and steam-exploded bagasse, and negligible activity with crystalline substrate such as Avicel and filter paper. It was optimally active at pH 9.2 and temperature 45°C. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 6-10 and retained 70% activity at pH 12. Thermal stability analysis revealed that the enzyme was stable in temperature range of 20°C to 45°C and retained more than 50% activity at 60°C for 30 min. The enzyme had a Km of 0.13 mg/ml and Vmax of 3.38 U/mg using CMC as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmoni Deka
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Alam MZ, Muyibi SA, Wahid R. Statistical optimization of process conditions for cellulase production by liquid state bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:4709-4716. [PMID: 17981027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 09/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A two-level fractional factorial design (FFD) was used to determine the effects of six factors, i.e. substrate (domestic wastewater sludge - DWS) and co-substrate concentration (wheat flour - WF), temperature, initial pH, inoculum size and agitation rate on the production of cellulase enzyme by Trichoderma harzianum in liquid state bioconversion. On statistical analysis of the results from the experimental studies, optimum process conditions were found to be temperature 32.5 degrees C, substrate concentration (DWS) 0.75% (w/w), co-substrate (WF) concentration 2% (w/w), initial pH 5, inoculum size 2% (v/w) and agitation 175 rpm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.975. Cellulase activity reached 10.2 FPU/ml at day 3 during the fermentation process which indicated about 1.5-fold increase in production compared to the cellulase activity obtained from the results of design of experiment (6.9 FPU/ml). Biodegradation of DWS was also evaluated to verify the efficiency of the bioconversion process as a waste management method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahangir Alam
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Saravanan VS, Madhaiyan M, Osborne J, Thangaraju M, Sa TM. Ecological occurrence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and nitrogen-fixing Acetobacteraceae members: their possible role in plant growth promotion. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2008; 55:130-40. [PMID: 17574542 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-007-9258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has a long-standing history of bacterial-plant interrelationship as a symbiotic endophyte capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. In low nitrogen fertilized sugarcane fields it plays a significant role and its occurrence was realised in most of the sugarcane growing countries. In this mini review, the association of G. diazotrophicus with sugarcane, other crop plants and with various hosts is discussed. The factors affecting survival in the rhizosphere and the putative soil mode of transmission are emphasized. In addition, other N(2)-fixing Acetobacteraceae members, including Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans, Gluconacetobacter johannae and Swaminathania salitolerans, occurring in coffee, corn and rice plants are also covered. Lastly, the plant-growth-promoting traits identified in this group of bacteria, including N(2) fixation, phytohormone synthesis, P and Zn solubilization and biocontrol, are analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Saravanan
- School of Bio-Technology, Chemical and Bio-Medical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Madhaiyan M, Saravanan VS, Jovi DBSS, Lee H, Thenmozhi R, Hari K, Sa T. Occurrence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in tropical and subtropical plants of Western Ghats, India. Microbiol Res 2004; 159:233-43. [PMID: 15462523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the tissues of surface sterilized roots, stems, and leaves of fifty different crop plants. Phenotypic, biochemical tests and species-specific PCR assay permitted identification of four isolates of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus from root tissues of carrot (Daucus carota L.), raddish (Raphanus sativus L.), beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Further the plant growth promoting traits such as nitrogenase activity, production of phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphorus and zinc solubilization were assessed. Significant nitrogenase activity was recorded among the isolates and all the isolates produced IAA in the presence of tryptophan. Though all the four isolates efficiently solubilized phosphorus, the zinc solubilizing ability differed among the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madhaiyan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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