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Tidefelt M, Löfstrand J, Goetz IK, Donzel-Gargand O, Ericsson A, Han X, Jönsson PE, Sahlberg M, Kaban I, Fisk M. In Situ Mapping of Phase Evolutions in Rapidly Heated Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass with Oxygen Impurities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307856. [PMID: 38419373 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Metallic glasses exhibit unique mechanical properties. For metallic glass composites (MGC), composed of dispersed nanocrystalline phases in an amorphous matrix, these properties can be enhanced or deteriorated depending on the volume fraction and size distribution of the crystalline phases. Understanding the evolution of crystalline phases during devitrification of bulk metallic glasses upon heating is key to realizing the production of these composites. Here, results are presented from a combination of in situ small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) measurements during heating of Zr-based metallic glass samples at rates ranging from 102 to 104 Ks-1 with a time resolution of 4ms. By combining a detailed analysis of scattering experiments with numerical simulations, for the first time, it is shown how the amount of oxygen impurities in the samples influences the early stages of devitrification and changes the dominant nucleation mechanism from homogeneous to heterogeneous. During melting, the oxygen rich phase becomes the dominant crystalline phase whereas the main phases dissolve. The approach used in this study is well suited for investigation of rapid phase evolution during devitrification, which is important for the development of MGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Tidefelt
- Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö University, Nordenskiöldsgatan 1, Malmö, SE-21119, Sweden
| | - Julia Löfstrand
- Division of Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 530, Uppsala, SE-75121, Sweden
| | - Inga K Goetz
- Division of Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 530, Uppsala, SE-75121, Sweden
| | - Olivier Donzel-Gargand
- Division of Solar Cell Technology, Angström Solar Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden
| | - Anders Ericsson
- Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Xiaoliang Han
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra E Jönsson
- Division of Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 530, Uppsala, SE-75121, Sweden
| | - Martin Sahlberg
- Department of Chemistry - Angström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Ivan Kaban
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Fisk
- Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö University, Nordenskiöldsgatan 1, Malmö, SE-21119, Sweden
- Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
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Mistewicz K, Das TK, Nowacki B, Smalcerz A, Kim HJ, Hajra S, Godzierz M, Masiuchok O. Bismuth sulfoiodide (BiSI) nanorods: synthesis, characterization, and photodetector application. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8800. [PMID: 37258802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanorods of bismuth sulfoiodide (BiSI) were synthesized at relatively low temperature (393 K) through a wet chemical method. The crystalline one-dimensional (1D) structure of the BiSI nanorods was confirmed using high resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM). The morphology and chemical composition of the material were examined by applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The average diameter of 126(3) nm and length of 1.9(1) µm of the BiSI nanorods were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that prepared material consists of a major orthorhombic BiSI phase (87%) and a minor amount of hexagonal Bi13S18I2 phase (13%) with no presence of other residual phases. The direct energy band gap of 1.67(1) eV was determined for BiSI film using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Two types of photodetectors were constructed from BiSI nanorods. The first one was traditional photoconductive device based on BiSI film on stiff glass substrate equipped with Au electrodes. An influence of light intensity on photocurrent response to monochromatic light (λ = 488 nm) illumination was studied at a constant bias voltage. The novel flexible photo-chargeable device was the second type of prepared photodetectors. It consisted of BiSI film and gel electrolyte layer sandwiched between polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The flexible self-powered BiSI photodetector exhibited open-circuit photovoltage of 68 mV and short-circuit photocurrent density of 0.11 nA/cm2 under light illumination with intensity of 0.127 W/cm2. These results confirmed high potential of BiSI nanorods for use in self-powered photodetectors and photo-chargeable capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Mistewicz
- Institute of Physics - Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Tushar Kanti Das
- Institute of Physics - Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Nowacki
- Department of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Science, Joint Doctorate School, Silesian University of Technology, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019, Katowice, Poland
| | - Albert Smalcerz
- Department of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019, Katowice, Poland
| | - Hoe Joon Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugato Hajra
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory Formation and Characterization of Advanced Polymers and Polymer Composites (ADPOLCOM), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Masiuchok
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory Formation and Characterization of Advanced Polymers and Polymer Composites (ADPOLCOM), Kyiv, Ukraine
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11 Kazymyr Malevych Str, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
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Ronan O, Roy A, Ryan S, Hughes L, Downing C, Jones L, Nicolosi V. Templated Synthesis of SiO 2 Nanotubes for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications: An In Situ (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:925-933. [PMID: 36643545 PMCID: PMC9835544 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the weaknesses of silicon-based batteries is the rapid deterioration of the charge-storage capacity with increasing cycle numbers. Pure silicon anodes tend to suffer from poor cycling ability due to the pulverization of the crystal structure after repeated charge and discharge cycles. In this work, we present the synthesis of a hollow nanostructured SiO2 material for lithium-ion anode applications to counter this drawback. To improve the understanding of the synthesis route, the crucial synthesis step of removing the ZnO template core is shown using an in situ closed gas-cell sample holder for transmission electron microscopy. A direct visual observation of the removal of the ZnO template from the SiO2 shell is yet to be reported in the literature and is a critical step in understanding the mechanism by which these hollow nanostructures form from their core-shell precursors for future electrode material design. Using this unique technique, observation of dynamic phenomena at the individual particle scale is possible with simultaneous heating in a reactive gas environment. The electrochemical benefits of the hollow morphology are demonstrated with exceptional cycling performance, with capacity increasing with subsequent charge-discharge cycles. This demonstrates the criticality of nanostructured battery materials for the development of next-generation Li+-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ronan
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and
Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER), School of
Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, DublinDublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ahin Roy
- Materials
Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sean Ryan
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and
Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER), School of
Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, DublinDublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lucia Hughes
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and
Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER), School of
Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, DublinDublin 2, Ireland
| | - Clive Downing
- Advanced
Microscopy Laboratory (AML), and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering
Research (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, DublinDublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lewys Jones
- School
of Physics, Advanced Microscopy Laboratory (AML), and Advanced Materials
and Bioengineering Research (AMBER), Trinity
College Dublin, DublinDublin 2, Ireland
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and
Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER), School of
Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, DublinDublin 2, Ireland
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In Situ Determination of Droplet and Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Spray Flame Synthesis by Wide-Angle Light Scattering (WALS). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216698. [PMID: 34772225 PMCID: PMC8587421 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of droplet and nanoparticle formation in spray flame synthesis requires sophisticated measurement techniques, as often both are present simultaneously. Here, wide-angle light scattering (WALS) was applied to determine droplet and nanoparticle size distributions in spray flames from a standardized liquid-fed burner setup. Solvents of pure ethanol and a mixture of ethanol and titanium isopropoxide, incepting nanoparticle synthesis, were investigated. A novel method for the evaluation of scattering data from droplets between 2 µm and 50 µm was successfully implemented. Applying this, we could reveal the development of a bimodal droplet size distribution for the solvent/precursor system, probably induced by droplet micro-explosions. To determine nanoparticle size distributions, an appropriate filter and the averaging of single-shot data were applied to ensure scattering from a significant amount of nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in the measurement volume. From the multivariate analysis of the scattering data, the presence of spherical particles and fractal aggregates was derived, which was confirmed by analysis of transmission electron microscopy images. Monte Carlo simulations allowed determining the distribution parameters for both morphological fractions in three heights above the burner. The results showed relatively wide size distributions, especially for the spherical fraction, and indicated an ongoing sintering, from fractal to spherical particles.
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DeLoach AS, Conrad BR, Einstein TL, Dougherty DB. Coverage dependent molecular assembly of anthraquinone on Au(111). J Chem Phys 2017; 147:184701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4999623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. DeLoach
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
| | - Brad R. Conrad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, USA
| | - T. L. Einstein
- Department of Physics and CMTC, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - Daniel B. Dougherty
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
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Brouwers HJH. Packing fraction of particles with lognormal size distribution. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:052211. [PMID: 25353791 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.052211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the packing and void fraction of polydisperse particles with a lognormal size distribution. It is demonstrated that a binomial particle size distribution can be transformed into a continuous particle-size distribution of the lognormal type. Furthermore, an original and exact expression is derived that predicts the packing fraction of mixtures of particles with a lognormal distribution, which is governed by the standard deviation, mode of packing, and particle shape only. For a number of particle shapes and their packing modes (close, loose) the applicable values are given. This closed-form analytical expression governing the packing fraction is thoroughly compared with empirical and computational data reported in the literature, and good agreement is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J H Brouwers
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Haas S, Fenger R, Fertitta E, Rademann K. Cascade catalysis of highly active bimetallic Au/Pd nanoclusters: structure–function relationship investigation using anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering and UV–Vis spectroscopy. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813018190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a so-called `crown-jewel' concept of preparation of Au/Pd-based colloidal nanoclusters has been reported [Zhang, Watanabe, Okumura, Haruta & Toshima (2011).Nat. Mater.11, 49–52]. Here, a different way of preparing highly active Au/Pd-based nanoclusters is presented. The origin of the increased activity of Au/Pd-based colloidal bimetallic nanoclusters was unclear up to now. However, it is, in general, accepted that in the nanometre range (1–100 nm) the cluster size, shape and composition affect the structural characteristics (e.g.lattice symmetry, unit cell), electronic properties (e.g.band gap) and chemical properties (e.g.catalytic activity) of a material. Hence, a detailed study of the relationship between the nanostructure of nanoclusters and their catalytic activity is presented here. The results indicate that a high surface-to-volume ratio of the nanoclusters combined with the presence of `both' Au and Pd isolated regions at the surface are crucial to achieve a high catalytic activity. A detailed structure elucidation directly leads to a mechanistic proposal, which indeed explains the higher catalytic activity of Au/Pd-based catalysts compared with pure metallic Au or Pd. The mechanism is based on cascade catalysis induced by a single type of nanoparticle with an intermixed surface of Au and Pd.
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Amendola V, Riello P, Polizzi S, Fiameni S, Innocenti C, Sangregorio C, Meneghetti M. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with tunable size and free surface obtained via a “green” approach based on laser irradiation in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Forge D, Gossuin Y, Roch A, Laurent S, Elst LV, Muller RN. Development of magnetic chromatography to sort polydisperse nanoparticles in ferrofluids. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 5:126-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fischer S, Diesner T, Rieger B, Marti O. Simulating and evaluating small-angle X-ray scattering of micro-voids in polypropylene during mechanical deformation. J Appl Crystallogr 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889810006163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-voids that evolve during mechanical deformation in polypropylene have been characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering. Such voids can be modelled as randomly distributed cylinders which are oriented along the stretching direction, showing a log-normal size distribution. The model and simulation results are presented here. Advantages and disadvantages of the approach, the validity of the model, and important considerations for data evaluation are discussed. Data analysis of two-dimensional scattering images has been performed using a fully automatedMATLABroutine by direct model fitting to scattering images.
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Whole Powder Pattern Modelling: Theory and Applications. DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF MATERIALS 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-06723-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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