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Lazaro-Pena MI, Ward ZC, Yang S, Strohm A, Merrill AK, Soto CA, Samuelson AV. HSF-1: Guardian of the Proteome Through Integration of Longevity Signals to the Proteostatic Network. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:861686. [PMID: 35874276 PMCID: PMC9304931 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.861686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries made in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that aging is under genetic control. Since these transformative initial studies, C. elegans has become a premier model system for aging research. Critically, the genes, pathways, and processes that have fundamental roles in organismal aging are deeply conserved throughout evolution. This conservation has led to a wealth of knowledge regarding both the processes that influence aging and the identification of molecular and cellular hallmarks that play a causative role in the physiological decline of organisms. One key feature of age-associated decline is the failure of mechanisms that maintain proper function of the proteome (proteostasis). Here we highlight components of the proteostatic network that act to maintain the proteome and how this network integrates into major longevity signaling pathways. We focus in depth on the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), the central regulator of gene expression for proteins that maintain the cytosolic and nuclear proteomes, and a key effector of longevity signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Lazaro-Pena
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zachary C. Ward
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sifan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Strohm
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Toxicology Training Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Toxicology Training Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Celia A. Soto
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Andrew V. Samuelson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew V. Samuelson,
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Ambily Nath IV, Loka Bharathi PA. Diversity in transcripts and translational pattern of stress proteins in marine extremophiles. Extremophiles 2011; 15:129-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-010-0348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Richter K, Haslbeck M, Buchner J. The heat shock response: life on the verge of death. Mol Cell 2010; 40:253-66. [PMID: 20965420 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1255] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organisms must survive a variety of stressful conditions, including sudden temperature increases that damage important cellular structures and interfere with essential functions. In response to heat stress, cells activate an ancient signaling pathway leading to the transient expression of heat shock or heat stress proteins (Hsps). Hsps exhibit sophisticated protection mechanisms, and the most conserved Hsps are molecular chaperones that prevent the formation of nonspecific protein aggregates and assist proteins in the acquisition of their native structures. In this Review, we summarize the concepts of the protective Hsp network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Richter
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Friedman R, Drake JW, Hughes AL. Genome-wide patterns of nucleotide substitution reveal stringent functional constraints on the protein sequences of thermophiles. Genetics 2005; 167:1507-12. [PMID: 15280258 PMCID: PMC1470942 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.026344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that the proteins of thermophilic prokaryotes are subject to unusually stringent functional constraints, we estimated the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions per site between 17,957 pairs of orthologous genes from 22 pairs of closely related species of Archaea and Bacteria. The average ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions was significantly lower in thermophiles than in nonthermophiles, and this effect was observed in both Archaea and Bacteria. There was no evidence that this difference could be explained by factors such as nucleotide content bias. Rather, the results support the hypothesis that proteins of thermophiles are subject to unusually strong purifying selection, leading to a reduced overall level of amino acid evolution per mutational event. The results show that genome-wide patterns of sequence evolution can be influenced by natural selection exerted by a species' environment and shed light on a previous observation that relatively few of the mutations arising in a thermophilic archaeon were nucleotide substitutions in contrast to indels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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