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Wang X, Wu S, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Pan Y, Tang H. Electrochemically mediated decarboxylative acylation of N-nitrosoanilines with α-oxocarboxylic acids. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Chaudhary P, Kandasamy J, Macabeo APG, Tamargo RJI, Lee YR. Recent Advances and Strategies for the Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of N‐Nitrosoanilines. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:2037-2060. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe challenges faced in the activation and functionalization of C−H bonds while producing high‐value aromatic intermediates are significant for synthetic organic chemistry. This review summarizes the advancements made toward the C−H functionalization of N‐nitrosoanilines in the past decade, in which the nitroso group coordinates to a transition metal, such as rhodium, palladium, cobalt, iridium, and ruthenium, acting as a directing group to allow the activation of the ortho C−H bond. The versatility of this synthetic approach has led to the regio‐ and chemoselective introduction of various functional groups giving rise to aromatic congeners with diverse functional and structural properties. C−H functionalized nitroso compounds can be further transformed into valuable synthetic intermediates and unique heterocyclic compounds. A description of the mechanism underlying each reaction is also included. This review includes the following sections:magnified image
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chaudhary
- School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Allan Patrick G. Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences University of Santo Tomas 1015 Manila Philippines
| | | | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
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De SR. N
‐Nitroso As A Novel Directing Group in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C(
sp
2
)−H Bond Functionalizations of
N
‐Nitrosoanilines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Ranjan De
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Srinagar-Garhwal Uttarakhand 246174 India
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4
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Wang PL, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang XS. Rh(III)-Catalyzed N-Nitroso Directed C-H Arylation for Facile Construction of Diverse N-Hetero Biaryl Compounds. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3825-3828. [PMID: 33047472 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H arylation reaction of N-nitrosoanilines has been developed in which arylboronic acids were used as arylation reagents. It provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of N-nitroso-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amine, which is an important starting material for the synthesis of N-hetero biaryl compounds, such as 2-amine-1,1'-biphenyl, carbazole, phenanthridone. This protocol can be applied to various N-alkyl substituted N-nitrosoanilines and N-nitrosoanilines with substituents on the phenyl ring. Arylboronic acids with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups are tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Long Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,Department of chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, 100 Dongshan Road, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China.,Information College, Huaibei Normal University, 100 Dongshan Road, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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Gaur P, Banerjee S. Oxone-sodium nitrite mediatedN-nitrosamines formation under mild conditions from secondary amines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1622733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Gaur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Girinagar, Pune, India
| | - Shaibal Banerjee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Girinagar, Pune, India
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Guo X, Lv C, Mahmood Q, Zhou L, Xu G, Wang Q. Solvent-controlled chemoselective N-dealkylation-N-nitrosation or C-nitration of N-alkyl anilines with tert-butyl nitrite. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00965e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, acid-free and chemoselective N-dealkylation-N-nitrosation or C-nitration of N-alkyl anilines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Chengdong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Qaiser Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
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7
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Qiu S, Guo C, Wang M, Sun Z, Li H, Qian X, Yang Y. Mild dealkylative N-nitrosation of N,N-dialkylaniline derivatives for convenient preparation of photo-triggered and photo-calibrated NO donors. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct N-nitrosation of N,N-dialkylanilines under mild, non-acidic and non-oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Mingkang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhenglong Sun
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (SIBET)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Hui Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (SIBET)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
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Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative ortho-acylation of N-nitrosoanilines with α-oxocarboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Poreba M, Szalek A, Kasperkiewicz P, Rut W, Salvesen GS, Drag M. Small Molecule Active Site Directed Tools for Studying Human Caspases. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12546-629. [PMID: 26551511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are proteases of clan CD and were described for the first time more than two decades ago. They play critical roles in the control of regulated cell death pathways including apoptosis and inflammation. Due to their involvement in the development of various diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or autoimmune disorders, caspases have been intensively investigated as potential drug targets, both in academic and industrial laboratories. This review presents a thorough, deep, and systematic assessment of all technologies developed over the years for the investigation of caspase activity and specificity using substrates and inhibitors, as well as activity based probes, which in recent years have attracted considerable interest due to their usefulness in the investigation of biological functions of this family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szalek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Rut
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Program in Cell Death and Survival Networks, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Płóciennik A, Prendecki M, Zuba E, Siudzinski M, Dorszewska J. Activated Caspase-3 and Neurodegeneration and Synaptic Plasticity in Alzheimer’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2015.43007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Gao T, Sun P. Palladium-catalyzed N-nitroso-directed C-H alkoxylation of arenes and subsequent formation of 2-alkoxy-N-alkylarylamines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9888-93. [PMID: 25251557 DOI: 10.1021/jo501902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed direct ortho-alkoxylation of N-alkyl-N-nitrosoarylamines was developed in which alcohols were used as the alkoxylation reagents and PhI(OAc)2 was employed as the oxidant. The protocol was available for both primary and secondary alcohols. The products were transformed to o-alkoxy-N-alkylanilines expediently by a simple reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097, China
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Sherif IO, Al-Gayyar MM. Cod liver oil in sodium nitrite induced hepatic injury: does it have a potential protective effect? Redox Rep 2014; 20:11-6. [PMID: 24945989 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to sodium nitrites, a food additive, at high levels has been reported to produce reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that cause dysregulation of inflammatory responses and tissue injury. In this work, we examined the impact of dietary cod liver oil on sodium nitrite-induced inflammation in rats. METHODS Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawely rats were treated with 80 mg/kg sodium nitrite in presence/absence of 5 ml/kg cod liver oil. Liver sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin. We measured hepatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL)-1β, C-reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and caspase-3. RESULTS Cod liver oil reduced sodium nitrite-induced hepatocyte damage. In addition, cod liver oil results in reduction of hepatic TNF-α, IL-1β, CRP, TGF-β1, and caspase-3 when compared with the sodium nitrite group. DISCUSSION Cod liver oil ameliorates sodium nitrite-induced hepatic injury via multiple mechanisms including blocking sodium nitrite-induced elevation of inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis mediators, and apoptosis markers.
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Niu T, Huang L, Wu T, Zhang Y. FeCl3-promoted alkylation of indoles by enamides. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:273-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Preparation of the caspase-3/7 substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA by solution-phase peptide synthesis. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:294-302. [PMID: 20134429 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the gram-scale solution-phase synthesis of the colorimetric caspase-3/7 substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA. The caspase enzymes are integral to cellular inflammation and apoptotic cascades, and are commonly studied by cell biologists, medicinal chemists and chemical biologists. In particular, the assessment of caspase enzymatic activity is a standard method to evaluate cell death pathways and new apoptosis-modulating agents. Caspase enzymatic activity can be conveniently monitored with peptidic chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates, with certain peptide sequences imparting selectivity for certain caspases. The synthesis of these peptide substrates is typically carried out by solid-phase synthesis, a method that is not ideal for production of the gram quantities needed for high-throughput screening. Described herein is a facile method for the synthesis of the Ac-DEVD-pNA caspase-3/7 substrate using solution-phase peptide synthesis. This protocol, involving iterative PyBOP-mediated couplings and Fmoc deprotections, is rapid (about 5 d), operationally simple and can be used to generate over 1 g of product at a fraction of the cost of the commercial substrate.
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Kirillova YG, Baranov AV, Prokhorov DI, Esipova OV, Shvets VI. Preparative synthesis of β-amino alcohols from α-amino dicarboxylic acid derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428009090024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Du JQ, Wu J, Zhang HJ, Zhang YH, Qiu BY, Wu F, Chen YH, Li JY, Nan FJ, Ding JP, Li J. Isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives inactivate caspase-3 by generation of reactive oxygen species. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:30205-15. [PMID: 18768468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803347200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-3 is an attractive therapeutic target for treatment of diseases involving disregulated apoptosis. We report here the mechanism of caspase-3 inactivation by isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives. Kinetic analysis indicates the compounds can irreversibly inactivate caspase-3 in a 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT)- and oxygen-dependent manner, implying that a redox cycle might take place in the inactivation process. Reactive oxygen species detection experiments using a chemical indicator, together with electron spin resonance measurement, suggest that ROS can be generated by reaction of isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives with DTT. Oxygen-free radical scavenger catalase and superoxide dismutase eliciting the inactivation of caspase-3 by the inhibitors confirm that ROS mediates the inactivation process. Crystal structures of caspase-3 in complexes with isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives show that the catalytic cysteine is oxidized to sulfonic acid (-SO(3)H) and isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives are bound at the dimer interface of caspase-3. Further mutagenesis study shows that the binding of the inhibitors with caspase-3 appears to be nonspecific. Isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivative-catalyzed caspase-3 inactivation could also be observed when DTT is substituted with dihydrolipoic acid, which exists widely in cells and might play an important role in the in vivo inactivation process in which the inhibitors inactivate caspase-3 in cells and then prevent the cells from apoptosis. These results provide valuable information for further development of small molecular inhibitors against caspase-3 or other oxidation-sensitive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qing Du
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Structural and functional definition of the specificity of a novel caspase-3 inhibitor, Ac-DNLD-CHO. BMC Pharmacol 2007; 7:8. [PMID: 17594508 PMCID: PMC1931592 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rational design of peptide-based specific inhibitors of the caspase family members using their X-ray crystallographies is an important strategy for chemical knockdown to define the critical role of each enzyme in apoptosis and inflammation. Recently, we designed a novel potent peptide inhibitor, Ac-DNLD-CHO, for caspase-3 using a new computational screening system named the Amino acid Positional Fitness (APF) method (BMC Pharmacol. 2004, 4:7). Here, we report the specificity of the DNLD sequence against caspase-3 over other major caspase family members that participate in apoptosis by computational docking and site-directed mutagenesis studies. Results Ac-DNLD-CHO inhibits caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9 activities with Kiapp values of 0.68, 55.7, >200, and >200 nM, respectively. In contrast, a well-known caspase-3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO, inhibits all these caspases with similar Kiapp values. The selective recognition of a DNLD sequence by caspase-3 was confirmed by substrate preference studies using fluorometric methylcoumarin-amide (MCA)-fused peptide substrates. The bases for its selectivity and potency were assessed on a notable interaction between the substrate Asn (N) and the caspase-3 residue Ser209 in the S3 subsite and the tight interaction between the substrate Leu (L) and the caspase-3 hydrophobic S2 subsite, respectively, in computational docking studies. Expectedly, the substitution of Ser209 with alanine resulted in loss of the cleavage activity on Ac-DNLD-MCA and had virtually no effect on cleaving Ac-DEVD-MCA. These findings suggest that N and L residues in Ac-DNLD-CHO are the determinants for the selective and potent inhibitory activity against caspase-3. Conclusion On the basis of our results, we conclude that Ac-DNLD-CHO is a reliable, potent and selective inhibitor of caspase-3. The specific inhibitory effect on caspase-3 suggests that this inhibitor could become an important tool for investigations of the biological function of caspase-3. Furthermore, Ac-DNLD-CHO may be an attractive lead compound to generate novel effective non-peptidic pharmaceuticals for caspase-mediated apoptosis diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and viral infection diseases.
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Zhang YH, Zhang HJ, Wu F, Chen YH, Ma XQ, Du JQ, Zhou ZL, Li JY, Nan FJ, Li J. Isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione and its derivatives attenuate ?-amyloid-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells. FEBS J 2006; 273:4842-52. [PMID: 17032354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3 is a programmed cell death protease involved in neuronal apoptosis during physiological development and under pathological conditions. It is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We reported previously that isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione and its derivatives inhibit caspase-3. In this report, we validate isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione and its derivatives as potent, selective, irreversible, slow-binding and pan-caspase inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that these inhibitors attenuated apoptosis induced by beta-amyloid(25-35) in PC12 cells and primary neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Zhang
- National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Iranpoor N, Firouzabadi H, Pourali AR. Dinitrogen Tetroxide–Impregnated Charcoal (N2O4/Charcoal): Selective Nitrosation of Amines, Amides, Ureas, and Thiols. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200057999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Linton SD, Aja T, Allegrini PR, Deckwerth TL, Diaz JL, Hengerer B, Herrmann J, Jahangiri KG, Kallen J, Karanewsky DS, Meduna SP, Nalley K, Robinson ED, Roggo S, Rovelli G, Sauter A, Sayers RO, Schmitz A, Smidt R, Ternansky RJ, Tomaselli KJ, Ullman BR, Wiessner C, Wu JC. Oxamyl dipeptide caspase inhibitors developed for the treatment of stroke. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2685-91. [PMID: 15109679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Structural modifications were made to a previously described acyl dipeptide caspase inhibitor, leading to the oxamyl dipeptide series. Subsequent SAR studies directed toward the warhead, P2, and P4 regions of this novel peptidomimetic are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Linton
- Idun Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9380 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Ullman BR, Aja T, Deckwerth TL, Diaz JL, Herrmann J, Kalish VJ, Karanewsky DS, Meduna SP, Nalley K, Robinson ED, Roggo SP, Sayers RO, Schmitz A, Ternansky RJ, Tomaselli KJ, Wu JC. Structure-activity relationships within a series of caspase inhibitors: effect of leaving group modifications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:3623-6. [PMID: 14505683 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Various aryloxy methyl ketones of the 1-naphthyloxyacetyl-Val-Asp backbone have been prepared. A systematic study of their structure-activity relationship (SAR) related to caspases 1, 3, 6, and 8 is reported. Highly potent irreversible broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors have been identified. Their efficacy in cellular models of cell death and inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ullman
- Idun Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9380 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Graczyk PP. Caspase inhibitors as anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic agents. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 39:1-72. [PMID: 12536670 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The striking efficacy of Z-VAD-fmk in the various animal models presented above may reflect its ability to inhibit multiple enzymes including caspases. In accord with this, more selective, reversible inhibitors usually show low efficacy in multifactorial models such as ischaemia, but may offer some protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity and hepatitis. Importantly, caspase inhibitors may exhibit significant activity in vivo even when they are applied post insult. As far as the CNS is concerned, the first systemically active inhibitors have emerged. Functional recovery could be achieved in some ischaemia models, but long-term protection by caspase inhibitors is still being questioned. Recent developments in drug design enabled the first caspase inhibitors to enter the clinic. Although initially directed towards peripheral indications such as rheumatoid arthritis, caspase inhibitors will no doubt eventually be used to target CNS disorders. For this purpose the peptidic character of current inhibitors will have to be further reduced. Small molecule, nonpeptidic caspase inhibitors, which have appeared recently, indicate that this goal can be accomplished. Unfortunately, many fundamental questions still remain to be addressed. In particular, the necessary spectrum of inhibitory activity required to achieve the desired effect needs to be determined. There is also a safety aspect associated with prolonged administration. Therefore, the next therapeutic areas for broader-range caspase inhibitors are likely to involve acute treatment. Recent results with synergistic effects between MK-801 and caspase inhibitors in ischaemia suggest that caspase inhibitors may need to be used in conjunction with other drugs. It can be expected that, in the near future, research on caspases and their inhibitors will remain a rapidly developing area of biology and medicinal chemistry. More time, however, may be needed for the first caspase inhibitors to appear on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr P Graczyk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, EISAI London Research Laboratories, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Linton SD, Karanewsky DS, Ternansky RJ, Wu JC, Pham B, Kodandapani L, Smidt R, Diaz JL, Fritz LC, Tomaselli KJ. Acyl dipeptides as reversible caspase inhibitors. Part 1: Initial Lead Optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2969-71. [PMID: 12270185 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Parallel synthesis was used to explore the SAR of a peptidomimetic caspase inhibitor. The most potent compound had nanomolar activity against caspases 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Linton
- Idun Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9380 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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24
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Linton SD, Karanewsky DS, Ternansky RJ, Chen N, Guo X, Jahangiri KG, Kalish VJ, Meduna SP, Robinson ED, Ullman BR, Wu JC, Pham B, Kodandapani L, Smidt R, Diaz JL, Fritz LC, von Krosigk U, Roggo S, Schmitz A, Tomaselli KJ. Acyl dipeptides as reversible caspase inhibitors. Part 2: further optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2973-5. [PMID: 12270186 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new structural class of broad spectrum caspase inhibitors was optimized for its activity against caspases 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8. The most potent compound had low nanomolar broad spectrum activity, in particular, single digit nanomolar inhibitory activity against caspase 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Linton
- Idun Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9380 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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25
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Hernandez AA, Roush WR. Recent advances in the synthesis, design and selection of cysteine protease inhibitors. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2002; 6:459-65. [PMID: 12133721 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(02)00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cysteine proteases is emerging as an important strategy for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. Intense efforts involving structure-based inhibitor design have been directed toward several cysteine proteases, including cathepsin K, calpain, human rhinovirus 3C protease and several parasitic cysteine protease targets. Other successful recent efforts have involved combinatorial synthesis and screening for identification of new inhibitor templates.
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26
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Wang PG, Xian M, Tang X, Wu X, Wen Z, Cai T, Janczuk AJ. Nitric oxide donors: chemical activities and biological applications. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1091-134. [PMID: 11942788 DOI: 10.1021/cr000040l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1005] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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