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Tessema E, Elakkat V, Chiu CF, Tsai ZL, Chan KL, Shen CR, Su HC, Lu N. Recoverable Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions under Thermomorphic Mode: Stille and Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051414. [PMID: 33807812 PMCID: PMC7961810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] and bis-4,4′-(RfCH2OCH2)-2,2′-bpy (1a–d), where Rf = n-C11F23 (a), n-C10F21 (b), n-C9F19 (c) and n-C8F17 (d), respectively, in the presence of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) resulted in the synthesis of Pd complex, [PdCl2[4,4′-bis-(RfCH2OCH2)-2,2′-bpy] (2a–d). The Pd-catalyzed Stille arylations of vinyl tributyltin with aryl halides were selected to demonstrate the feasibility of recycling usage with 2a as the catalyst using NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) as the solvent at 120–150 °C. Additionally, recycling and electronic effect studies of 2a–c were also carried out for Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of phenylboronic acid derivatives, 4-X-C6H4-B(OH)2, (X = H or Ph) with aryl halide, 4-Y-C6H4-Z, (Y = CN, H or OCH3; Z = I or Br) in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 135–150 °C. At the end of each cycle, the product mixtures were cooled to lower temperature (e.g., −10 °C), and then catalysts were recovered by decantation with Pd leaching less than 1%. The products were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis or by the isolated yield. The complex 2a-catalyzed Stille reaction of aryl iodides with vinyl tributyltin have good recycling results for a total of 8 times, with a high yield within short period of time (1–3 h). Similarly, 2a–c-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reactions also have good recycling results. The electronic effect studies from substituents in both Stille and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions showed that electron withdrawing groups speed up the reaction rate. To our knowledge, this is the first example of recoverable fluorous long-chained Pd-catalyzed Stille reactions under the thermomorphic mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskedar Tessema
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (E.T.); (V.E.); (Z.-L.T.); (K.L.C.)
| | - Vijayanath Elakkat
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (E.T.); (V.E.); (Z.-L.T.); (K.L.C.)
| | - Chiao-Fan Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Zong-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (E.T.); (V.E.); (Z.-L.T.); (K.L.C.)
| | - Ka Long Chan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (E.T.); (V.E.); (Z.-L.T.); (K.L.C.)
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chang Su
- Creditable Service Technology Consultants, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
| | - Norman Lu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (E.T.); (V.E.); (Z.-L.T.); (K.L.C.)
- Development Center for Smart Textile, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.C.); (N.L.)
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. Perspectives from nearly five decades of total synthesis of natural products and their analogues for biology and medicine. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1404-1435. [PMID: 32319494 PMCID: PMC7578074 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1970 to 2020By definition total synthesis is the art and science of making the molecules of living Nature in the laboratory, and by extension, their analogues. Although obvious, its application to the synthesis of molecules for biology and medicine was not always the purpose of total synthesis. In recent years, however, the field has acquired momentum as its power to reach higher molecular complexity and diversity is increasing, and as the demand for rare bioactive natural products and their analogues is expanding due to their recognised potential to facilitate biology and drug discovery and development. Today this component of total synthesis endeavors is considered highly desirable, and could be part of interdisciplinary academic and/or industrial partnerships, providing further inspiration and momentum to the field. In this review we provide a brief historical background of the emergence of the field of total synthesis as it relates to making molecules for biology and medicine. We then discuss specific examples of this practice from our laboratories as they developed over the years. The review ends with a conclusion and future perspectives for natural products chemistry and its applications to biology and medicine and other added-value contributions to science and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
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3
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Fedorka SR, So K, Al-Hamashi AA, Gad I, Shah R, Kholodovych V, Alqahtani HD, Taylor WR, Tillekeratne LMV. Small-molecule anticancer agents kill cancer cells by harnessing reactive oxygen species in an iron-dependent manner. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:1465-1479. [PMID: 29411821 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the course of generating a library of open-chain epothilones, we discovered a new class of small molecule anticancer agents that has no effect on tubulin but instead kills selected cancer cell lines by harnessing reactive oxygen species in an iron-dependent manner. Results of the preliminary studies are consistent with the recently described cell death mechanism ferroptosis. Studies are in progress to confirm ferroptosis as the cell death mechanism and to identify the specific molecular targets of these small molecule anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Fedorka
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801, W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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4
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Ayogu JI, Onoabedje EA. Recent advances in transition metal-catalysed cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl halides and analogues under ligand-free conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01331h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new bonds is pivotal in organic chemistry and a prerequisite to life because it allows the construction of complex molecules from simple precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude I. Ayogu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Nigeria
- Nsukka
- Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry
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Pairan NF, Kasim NAM, Yamin BM, Shah NAA. Crystal structure of ( E)- N, N-diethyl-2-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)-1-phenylethen-1-amine, C 15H 17N 3O 2S. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C15H17N3O2S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.0650(15) Å, b = 16.342(3) Å, c = 10.1187(17) Å, β = 91.061(5) Å. V = 1498.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0645, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1323, T = 308 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farahin Pairan
- Department of Defence Science, Faculty of Science and Technology Defence , Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia , Kem Sungai Besi , 57000 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Department of Defence Science, Faculty of Science and Technology Defence , Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia , Kem Sungai Besi , 57000 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Bohari M. Yamin
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , 43600 Bangi , Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biology , Center for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia , Kem Sungai Besi , 57000 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Nicolaou KC, Rhoades D, Wang Y, Bai R, Hamel E, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Gavrilyuk J. 12,13-Aziridinyl Epothilones. Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Olefinic Bonds from Methyl Ketones and Heteroaromatic Phosphonates and Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent Antitumor Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7318-7334. [PMID: 28513142 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 12,13-aziridinyl epothilone B analogues is described. These compounds were accessed by a practical, general process that involved a 12,13-olefinic methyl ketone as a starting material obtained by ozonolytic cleavage of epothilone B followed by tungsten-induced deoxygenation of the epoxide moiety. The attachment of the aziridine structural motif was achieved by application of the Ess-Kürti-Falck aziridination, while the heterocyclic side chains were introduced via stereoselective phosphonate-based olefinations. In order to ensure high (E) selectivities for the latter reaction for electron-rich heterocycles, it became necessary to develop and apply an unprecedented modification of the venerable Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, employing 2-fluoroethoxyphosphonates that may prove to be of general value in organic synthesis. These studies resulted in the discovery of some of the most potent epothilones reported to date. Equipped with functional groups to accommodate modern drug delivery technologies, some of these compounds exhibited picomolar potencies that qualify them as payloads for antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), while a number of them revealed impressive activities against drug resistant human cancer cells, making them desirable for potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Derek Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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7
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A Highly Efficient and Reusable Palladium(II)/Cationic 2,2'-Bipyridyl-Catalyzed Stille Coupling in Water. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091205. [PMID: 27617999 PMCID: PMC6273891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A water-soluble PdCl₂(NH₃)₂/cationic 2,2'-bipyridyl system was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for Stille coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with organostannanes. The coupling reaction was conducted at 110 °C in water, under aerobic conditions, in the presence of NaHCO₃ as a base to afford corresponding Stille coupling products in good to high yields. When aryltributylstannanes were employed, the reactions proceeded smoothly under a very low catalyst loading (as little as 0.0001 mol %). After simple extraction, the residual aqueous phase could be reused in subsequent runs, making this Stille coupling economical. In the case of tetramethylstannane, however, a greater catalyst loading (1 mol %) and the use of tetraethylammonium iodide as a phase-transfer agent were required in order to obtain satisfactory yields.
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8
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Xiao Z, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Strategies for the Optimization of Natural Leads to Anticancer Drugs or Drug Candidates. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:32-91. [PMID: 26359649 PMCID: PMC4679534 DOI: 10.1002/med.21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have made significant contribution to cancer chemotherapy over the past decades and remain an indispensable source of molecular and mechanistic diversity for anticancer drug discovery. More often than not, natural products may serve as leads for further drug development rather than as effective anticancer drugs by themselves. Generally, optimization of natural leads into anticancer drugs or drug candidates should not only address drug efficacy, but also improve absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles and chemical accessibility associated with the natural leads. Optimization strategies involve direct chemical manipulation of functional groups, structure-activity relationship directed optimization and pharmacophore-oriented molecular design based on the natural templates. Both fundamental medicinal chemistry principles (e.g., bioisosterism) and state-of-the-art computer-aided drug design techniques (e.g., structure-based design) can be applied to facilitate optimization efforts. In this review, the strategies to optimize natural leads to anticancer drugs or drug candidates are illustrated with examples and described according to their purposes. Furthermore, successful case studies on lead optimization of bioactive compounds performed in the Natural Products Research Laboratories at UNC are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Nicolaou KC, Rhoades D, Wang Y, Totokotsopoulos S, Bai R, Hamel E. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Epothilone B Side Chain Analogues. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1974-9. [PMID: 26447977 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of epothilone analogues with novel side chains equipped with an amino group are described. Their design facilitates potential conjugation to selective drug delivery systems such as antibodies. Their synthesis proceeded efficiently via Stille coupling of a readily available vinyl iodide and heterocyclic stannanes. Cytotoxicity studies and tubulin binding assays revealed two of these analogues to be more potent than epothilones A-D and the anticancer agent ixabepilone, currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Derek Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sotirios Totokotsopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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10
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Bunev AS, Rudakova YI, Statsyuk VE, Ostapenko GI, Khrustalev VN. 2-Bromo-4-phenyl-1,3-thia-zole. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o139. [PMID: 24764865 PMCID: PMC3998304 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681400066x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the title mol-ecule, C9H6BrNS, the planes of the 2-bromo-1,3-thia-zole and phenyl rings are inclined at 7.45 (10)° with respect to each other. In the crystal, mol-ecules related by a centre of symmetry are held together via π-π inter-actions, with a short distance of 3.815 (2) Å between the centroids of the five- and six-membered rings. The crystal packing exhibits short inter-molecular S⋯Br contacts of 3.5402 (6) Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Bunev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya St, Togliatti 445667, Russian Federation
| | - Yana I. Rudakova
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya St, Togliatti 445667, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir E. Statsyuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya St, Togliatti 445667, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Ostapenko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya St, Togliatti 445667, Russian Federation
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- X-Ray Structural Centre, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, B-334, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Ganesh T, Brodie PJ, Banerjee A, Bane S, Kingston DGI. Synthesis of isotopically labeled epothilones. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 57:78-81. [PMID: 24307484 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The epothilones, including epothilones B and D, are macrocyclic lactones, which have potent cytotoxicities and promote the polymerization of tubulin to mictotubules by binding to and stabilizing the tubulin polymer. They have a very similar mechanism of action to paclitaxel (Taxol®). The determination of the microtubule-binding conformation of the epothilones is an important piece of information in designing improved analogs for possible clinical use, and internuclear distance information that will assist the determination of this conformation can be obtained by rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR studies of microtubule-bound epothilones with appropriate stable isotope labels. Analogs of epothilone B and epothilone D with [(2) H3 ] and [(19) F] labels were prepared from an advanced precursor for potential use in REDOR NMR studies to determine internuclear distances in tubulin-bound ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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12
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Abstract
This article provides an overview on the chemistry and structure-activity relationships of macrolide-based microtubule-stabilizing agents. The primary focus will be on the total synthesis or examples thereof, but a brief summary of the current state of knowledge on the structure-activity relationships of epothilones, laulimalide, dictyostatin, and peloruside A will also be given. This macrolide class of compounds, over the last decade, has become the subject of growing interest due to their ability to inhibit human cancer cell proliferation through a taxol-like mechanism of action.
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Hajipour AR, Najafi N, Rafiee F. (BeDABCO)2
Pd2
Cl6
(1-benzyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride) as a highly active catalytic system for the Stille cross-coupling reaction under microwave irradiation. Appl Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdol R. Hajipour
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156 Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Wisconsin, Medical School; Madison WI 53706-1532 USA
| | - Narges Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafiee
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156 Islamic Republic of Iran
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14
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Parenty A, Moreau X, Niel G, Campagne JM. Update 1 of: Macrolactonizations in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR1-40. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300129n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Parenty
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - X. Moreau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Niel
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier, France
| | - J.-M. Campagne
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier, France
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15
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Prasad AS, Satyanarayana B. Magnetically Recoverable Pd/Fe3O4-Catalyzed Stille Cross-Coupling Reaction of Organostannanes with Aryl Bromides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.8.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Karuvalam RP, Haridas KR, Nayak SK, Row TNG, Rajeesh P, Rishikesan R, Kumari NS. Design, synthesis of some new (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)methylester derivatives as possible antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:172-82. [PMID: 22280817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)methylester (5a-t) derivatives were synthesized in good yields and characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, mass spectral and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of 5a was evidenced by X-ray diffraction study. The compounds were evaluated for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial, antifungal activity and were screened for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. The synthesized compounds displayed interesting antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith P Karuvalam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Kannur University, Payyanur Campus, Kannur, Kerala, India
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Hajipour AR, Karami K, Rafiee F. An efficient Stille cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by ortho-palladated complex of tribenzylamine under microwave irradiation. Appl Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazem Karami
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan; 84156; IR; Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafiee
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan; 84156; IR; Iran
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18
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A concise approach towards the synthesis of WS75624 A and WS75624 B via the cross-metathesis of vinyl-functionalized thiazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Oelke AJ, France DJ, Hofmann T, Wuitschik G, Ley SV. Piperazic acid-containing natural products: Isolation, biological relevance and total synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1445-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Pal A, Ghosh R, Adarsh N, Sarkar A. Pyrazole-tethered phosphine ligands for Pd(0): useful catalysts for Stille, Kumada and Hiyama cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Synthesis of 5-arylthiazoles. Comparative study between Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and direct arylation. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Siméon FG, Wendahl MT, Pike VW. Efficient and regioselective halogenations of 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles with copper salts. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2578-80. [PMID: 19231816 DOI: 10.1021/jo802799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monohalo and dihalo 1,3-thiazole derivatives can be efficiently and selectively prepared under mild conditions from 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles. Halogenations proceed easily in the presence of copper(I) or copper(II) chlorides, bromides, or iodides directly in solution or with supported copper halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice G Siméon
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, USA.
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23
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Altmann KH. Preclinical pharmacology and structure-activity studies of epothilones. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2009; 90:157-220. [PMID: 19209843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-78207-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
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24
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Chen QH, Ganesh T, Brodie P, Slebodnick C, Jiang Y, Banerjee A, Bane S, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bridged epothilone D analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4542-52. [PMID: 19039362 PMCID: PMC2790820 DOI: 10.1039/b814823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Six epothilone D analogues with a bridge between the C4-methyl and the C12-methyl carbons were prepared in an attempt to constrain epothilone D to its proposed tubulin-binding conformation. Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) was employed as the key step to build the C4-C26 bridge. In antiproliferative assays in the human ovarian cancer (A2780) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines, and also in tubulin assembly assay, all these compounds proved to be less active than epothilone D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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25
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Lebel H, Davi M, Stokłosa GT. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Chemoselective Methylenation of Dicarbonyl Substrates. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6828-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800777w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lebel
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger Gaudry, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Michaël Davi
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger Gaudry, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Grzegorz T. Stokłosa
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger Gaudry, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4
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Altmann KH, Memmert K. Epothilones as lead structures for new anticancer drugs--pharmacology, fermentation, and structure-activity-relationships. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2008; 66:273, 275-334. [PMID: 18416309 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8595-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epothilones (Epo's) A and B are naturally occurring microtubule-stabilizers, which inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in vitro at low nM or sub-nM concentrations. In contrast to taxol (paclitaxel, Taxol) epothilones are also active against different types of multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines in vitro and against multidrug-resistant tumors in vivo. Their attractive preclinical profile has made epothilones important lead structures in the search for improved cytotoxic anticancer drugs and Epo B (EPO906, patupilone) is currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials. Numerous synthetic and semisynthetic analogs have been prepared since the absolute stereochemistry of epothilones was first disclosed in mid-1996 and their in vitro biological activity has been determined. Apart from generating a wealth of SAR information, these efforts have led to the identification of at least six compounds (in addition to Epo B), which are currently at various stages of clinical evaluation in humans. The most advanced of these compounds, Epo B lactam BMS-247550 (ixabepilone), has recently obtained FDA approval for the treatment of metastatic and advanced breast cancer. This chapter will first provide a summary of the basic features of the biological profile of Epo B in vitro and in vivo. This will be followed by a review of the processes that have been developed for the fermentative production of Epo B. The main part of the chapter will focus on the most relevant aspects of the epothilone SAR with regard to effects on tubulin polymerization, in vitro antiproliferative activity, and in vivo antitumor activity. Particular emphasis will be placed on work conducted in the authors' own laboratories, but data from other groups will also be included. In a final section, the current status of those epothilone analogs undergoing clinical development will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Altmann KH, Pfeiffer B, Arseniyadis S, Pratt BA, Nicolaou KC. The chemistry and biology of epothilones--the wheel keeps turning. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:396-423. [PMID: 17340668 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H 405, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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28
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Zambon A, Borsato G, Brussolo S, Frascella P, Lucchini V. Efficient access to 5-substituted thiazoles by a novel metallotropic rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Coelho AV, de Souza ALF, de Lima PG, Wardell JL, Antunes OAC. Stille cross-coupling reaction using Pd/BaSO4 as catalyst reservoir. Appl Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Coelho AV, de Souza ALF, de Lima PG, Wardell JL, Antunes O. Ligand-free Stille cross-coupling reaction using Pd/CaCO3 as catalyst reservoir. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Siméon FG, Brown AK, Zoghbi SS, Patterson VM, Innis RB, Pike VW. Synthesis and Simple 18F-Labeling of 3-Fluoro-5-(2-(2-(fluoromethyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)benzonitrile as a High Affinity Radioligand for Imaging Monkey Brain Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype-5 Receptors with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3256-66. [PMID: 17571866 DOI: 10.1021/jm0701268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-fluoromethyl analogs of (3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4yl)ethynyl]pyridine) were synthesized as potential ligands for metabotropic glutamate subtype-5 receptors (mGluR5s). One of these, namely, 3-fluoro-5-(2-(2-(fluoromethyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)benzonitrile (3), was found to have exceptionally high affinity (IC50 = 36 pM) and potency in a phosphoinositol hydrolysis assay (IC50 = 0.714 pM) for mGluR5. Compound 3 was labeled with fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.7 min) in high radiochemical yield (87%) by treatment of its synthesized bromomethyl analog (17) with [18F]fluoride ion and its radioligand behavior was assessed with positron emission tomography (PET). Following intravenous injection of [18F]3 into rhesus monkey, radioactivity was avidly taken up into brain with high uptake in mGluR5 receptor-rich regions such as striata. [18F]3 was stable in monkey plasma and human whole blood in vitro and in monkey and human brain homogenates. In monkey in vivo, a single polar radiometabolite of [18F]3 appeared rapidly in plasma. [18F]3 merits further evaluation as a PET radioligand for mGluR5 in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice G Siméon
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, USA.
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32
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Altmann KH, Gertsch J. Anticancer drugs from nature--natural products as a unique source of new microtubule-stabilizing agents. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:327-57. [PMID: 17390000 DOI: 10.1039/b515619j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview on the current state of research in the area of microtubule-stabilizing agents from natural sources, with a primary focus on the biochemistry, biology, and pharmacology associated with these compounds. A variety of natural products have been discovered over the last decade to inhibit human cancer cell proliferation through a taxol-like mechanism. These compounds represent a whole new range of structurally diverse lead structures for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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33
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34
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Pereira R, Furst A, Iglesias B, Germain P, Gronemeyer H, de Lera AR. Insights into the mechanism of the site-selective sequential palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of dibromothiophenes/dibromothiazoles and arylboronic acids. Synthesis of PPARbeta/delta agonists. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:4514-25. [PMID: 17268648 DOI: 10.1039/b612235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reactivity study, aided by NMR spectroscopy, allowed a mechanistic rationale to be postulated for the palladium-catalyzed regioselective coupling of arylboronic acid (and arylstannane where feasible) at the position next to the sulfur atom in functionalized dibromothiophenes and dibromothiazoles. The analysis of the NMR spectra (using 19F from the boronic acid CF3 group and 31P from the phosphine of the catalyst as probes) of the entire reaction starting from the dibromoheterocycles allowed the qualitative proposal that the transmetalation is the rate-limiting step for both sequential substitution processes. The extremely facile oxidative addition at the C-Br bond next to the sulfur atom of the heterocycle instead determines the positional selectivity. An additional Stille reaction then replaced the second halogen, providing the trisubstituted heterocyclic scaffolds of PPAR ligands, which displayed PPARbeta/delta agonist activity, as revealed by reporter assays in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pereira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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35
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Delgado O, Heckmann G, Müller HM, Bach T. Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of the Amino Alcohol in the Eastern Fragment of the GE2270 Antibiotics by Regio- and Stereoselective Addition of 2-Metalated 4-Bromothiazoles to α-Chiral Electrophiles. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4599-608. [PMID: 16749794 DOI: 10.1021/jo060462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of the eastern fragment of the thiazole peptide GE2270 A (1) has been developed. The synthetic approach relies on the regioselective functionalization of 2,4-dibromothiazole (5) via metalation and nucleophilic addition (at C2) or palladium-mediated cross-coupling (at C2 or C4). The stereochemistry at the N-bearing stereocenter was established by coupling of 2-metalated 4-bromothiazoles (4) to enantiomerically pure mandelic acid derivatives. Both the erythro (2) and threo (3) configurated amino alcohols were prepared with high diastereoselectivities depending on the electrophile employed. More specifically, the threo-configurated (S,R)-4-bromothiazolyl beta-amino alcohol 6 was synthesized from O-TBS protected (R)-mandelonitrile in 62% yield. Its N-PMB protected (R,S)-enantiomer 20 was obtained from O-TBS protected (S)-mandelic aldehyde in 67% yield. The erythro-configurated (S,S)-4-bromothiazolyl beta-amino alcohol 29 was prepared from O-TBS protected (S)-ethyl mandelate in four steps and 33% overall yield. The bithiazole moiety in the desired products 2 and 3 was finally established by the regioselective Negishi coupling of 2,4-dibromothiazole (5) and the 4-zincated, N-Boc protected thiazole derivatives of the diastereomeric 4-bromothiazolyl beta-amino alcohols 6 and 29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Delgado
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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36
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Parenty A, Moreau X, Campagne JM. Macrolactonizations in the total synthesis of natural products. Chem Rev 2006; 106:911-39. [PMID: 16522013 DOI: 10.1021/cr0301402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Parenty
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
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37
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Handy ST, Zhang Y. A simple guide for predicting regioselectivity in the coupling of polyhaloheteroaromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:299-301. [PMID: 16391740 DOI: 10.1039/b512948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple guide for predicting the order and site of coupling (Suzuki, Stille, Negishi, Sonogashira, etc.) in polyhaloheteroaromatics based upon the (1)H NMR chemical shift values of the parent non-halogenated heteroaromatics has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Handy
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, 37132, USA.
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38
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Pereira R, Gaudon C, Iglesias B, Germain P, Gronemeyer H, de Lera AR. Synthesis of the PPARβ/δ-selective agonist GW501516 and C4-thiazole-substituted analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:49-54. [PMID: 16242326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sequential, position-selective, Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 2,4-dibromo-5-hydroxymethylthiazole provided the scaffold for the synthesis of GW501516, the most potent PPARbeta/delta agonist yet described, and equally selective analogs at the thiazole-C4 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pereira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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39
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Altmann KH, Flörsheimer A, O'Reilly T, Wartmann M. 4. The natural products epothilones A and B as lead structures for anticancer drug discovery: chemistry, biology, and SAR studies. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2005; 42:171-205. [PMID: 15003721 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(04)42004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Corporate Research, CH-4002 Basel, WKL-136.5.22, Switzerland
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40
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Nicolaou KC. Joys of Molecules. 2. Endeavors in Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5613-38. [PMID: 16134928 DOI: 10.1021/jm050524f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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41
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Sarabia F, Chammaa S. Synthetic Studies on Stevastelins. 1. Total Synthesis of Stevastelins B and B3. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7846-57. [PMID: 16277304 DOI: 10.1021/jo050625l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[Chemical reaction: See text] The synthesis of stevastelin B3 (2) and B (5) are described. In a first approach, epoxy cyclodepsipeptide 8 was considered as a promising candidate for the synthesis of the [15]-membered ring members of the stevastelins; however, the oxirane ring opening, required for the completion of the natural stevastelin synthesis, failed. Thus, we synthesized stevastelin B (5), carrying out the oxirane ring opening earlier in the synthesis and following a synthetic scheme capable of delivering analogues. On the other hand, a translactonization reaction of the [15]-membered ring derivative 59 led to the total synthesis of the natural [13]-membered ring component of the stevastelins family, stevastelin B3 (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sarabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Malaga, Spain.
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42
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Su W, Urgaonkar S, McLaughlin PA, Verkade JG. Highly active palladium catalysts supported by bulky proazaphosphatrane ligands for Stille cross-coupling: coupling of aryl and vinyl chlorides, room temperature coupling of aryl bromides, coupling of aryl triflates, and synthesis of sterically hindered biaryls. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 126:16433-9. [PMID: 15600345 DOI: 10.1021/ja0450096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of proazaphosphatrane ligands [P(RNCH2CH2)2N(R'NCH2CH2): R = R' = i-Bu, 1; R = Bz, R' = i-Bu, 3; R = R' = Bz, 4] for palladium-catalyzed Stille reactions of aryl chlorides is described. Catalysts derived from ligands 1 and 4 efficiently catalyze the coupling of electronically diverse aryl chlorides with an array of organotin reagents. The catalyst system based on the ligand 3 is active for the synthesis of sterically hindered biaryls (di-, tri-, and tetra-ortho substituted). The use of ligand 4 allows room-temperature coupling of aryl bromides and it also permits aryl triflates and vinyl chlorides to participate in Stille coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Su
- Department of Chemistry, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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43
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Schröter S, Stock C, Bach T. Regioselective cross-coupling reactions of multiple halogenated nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-containing heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Mangelinckx S, Giubellina N, De Kimpe N. 1-Azaallylic Anions in Heterocyclic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2353-99. [PMID: 15137794 DOI: 10.1021/cr020084p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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46
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorescently labeled epothilone analogs for tubulin binding studies. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Sarabia F, Chammaa S, Ruiz AS, López-Herrera F. Towards the synthesis of [15]-membered stevastelins through the 2,3-epoxy analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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49
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Bach T, Heuser S. Synthesis of cystothiazole E and formal syntheses of cystothiazoles A and C by Pd0-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Chemistry 2002; 8:5585-92. [PMID: 12693040 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20021216)8:24<5585::aid-chem5585>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the naturally occurring bithiazole (+)-cystothiazole E (1e) is described starting from oxazolidinone 2. It proceeded in 10 steps and an overall yield of 37%. The key reaction of the sequence was a Suzuki cross-coupling between bromobithiazole 4 and the (E)-alkenylboronic acid derived from alkyne 18 (94% yield). Prior to the synthesis, more general investigations related to the cross-coupling of bromobithiazole 4 were undertaken. Whereas Heck reactions failed Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling reactions were successfully conducted. By this means, the alkenylboronic acid derived from alkyne 11 and stannane 12 could be transformed into the corresponding alkenylbithiazoles 13 (92%) and 14 (52%). The Stille cross-coupling of compound 4 and stannane 5 allowed access to aldehyde 21 (97% yield) and paved the way for an alternative route to (+)-cystothiazole E (1e). In addition, aldehyde 21 was transformed into aldol product 22 (72%) which has been used in previous syntheses of cystothiazole A (1a) and C (1c). In this respect, the preparation of compound 21 represents a formal total synthesis of these cystothiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching, Germany.
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50
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Chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of novel epothilone B and trans-12,13-cyclopropyl epothilone B analogues. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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