1
|
Draeger E, Roberts K, Decker RD, Bahar N, Wilson LD, Contessa J, Husain Z, Williams BB, Flood AB, Swartz HM, Carlson DJ. In Vivo Verification of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Biodosimetry Using Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:292-301. [PMID: 38072322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) biodosimetry, used to triage large numbers of individuals incidentally exposed to unknown doses of ionizing radiation, is based on detecting a stable physical response in the body that is subject to quantifiable variation after exposure. In vivo measurement is essential to fully characterize the radiation response relevant to a living tooth measured in situ. The purpose of this study was to verify EPR spectroscopy in vivo by estimating the radiation dose received in participants' teeth. METHODS AND MATERIALS A continuous wave L-band spectrometer was used for EPR measurements. Participants included healthy volunteers and patients undergoing head and neck and total body irradiation treatments. Healthy volunteers completed 1 measurement each, and patients underwent measurement before starting treatment and between subsequent fractions. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters and diodes were used to determine the dose delivered to the teeth to validate EPR measurements. RESULTS Seventy measurements were acquired from 4 total body irradiation and 6 head and neck patients over 15 months. Patient data showed a linear increase of EPR signal with delivered dose across the dose range tested. A linear least-squares weighted fit of the data gave a statistically significant correlation between EPR signal and absorbed dose (P < .0001). The standard error of inverse prediction (SEIP), used to assess the usefulness of fits, was 1.92 Gy for the dose range most relevant for immediate triage (≤7 Gy). Correcting for natural background radiation based on patient age reduced the SEIP to 1.51 Gy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of using spectroscopic measurements from radiation therapy patients to validate in vivo EPR biodosimetry. The data illustrated a statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of EPR signals and absorbed dose. The SEIP of 1.51 Gy, obtained under clinical conditions, indicates the potential value of this technique in response to large radiation events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Draeger
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Kenneth Roberts
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Roy D Decker
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nina Bahar
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lynn D Wilson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph Contessa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zain Husain
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- Department of Radiology & EPR Center, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Department of Radiology & EPR Center, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology & EPR Center, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - David J Carlson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karim ET, Szalai V, Cumberland L, Myers AF, Takagi S, Frukhtbeyn SA, Pazos I, Chow LC. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Characterization of Sodium- and Carbonate-Containing Hydroxyapatite Cement. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13022-13033. [PMID: 35930806 PMCID: PMC9400659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced paramagnetic defects in calcified tissues like tooth enamel are indicators of irradiation dose. Hydroxyapatite (HA), the principal constituent in these materials, incorporates a variety of anions (CO32-, F-, Cl-, and SiO44-) and cations (Mn2+, Li+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, and Na+) that directly or indirectly contribute to the formation of stable paramagnetic centers upon irradiation. Here, we used an underexploited synthesis method based on the ambient temperature setting reaction of a self-hardening calcium phosphate cement (CPC) to create carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite (CHA) and investigate its paramagnetic properties following γ-irradiation. Powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopic characterization of the hardened CHA samples indicate the formation of pure B-type CHA cement. CHA samples exposed to γ-radiation doses ranging from 1 Gy to 150 kGy exhibited an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal from an orthorhombic CO2•- free radical. At γ-radiation doses from 30 to 150 kGy, a second signal emerged that is assigned to the CO3•- free radical. We observed that the formation of this second species is dose-dependent, which provided a means to extend the useful dynamic range of irradiated CHA to doses >30 kGy. These results indicate that CHA synthesized via a CPC cement is a promising substrate for EPR-based dosimetry. Further studies on the CHA cement are underway to determine the suitability of these materials for a range of biological and industrial dosimetry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eaman T Karim
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Veronika Szalai
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lonnie Cumberland
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alline F Myers
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shozo Takagi
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stanislav A Frukhtbeyn
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ileana Pazos
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Laurence C Chow
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lamkowski A, Combs SE, Abend M, Port M. Training of clinical triage of acute radiation casualties: a performance comparison of on-siteversus onlinetraining due to the covid-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:S540-S560. [PMID: 34256358 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac13c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A collection of powerful diagnostic tools have been developed under the umbrellas of NATO for ionising radiation dose assessment (BAT, WinFRAT) and estimate of acute health effects in humans (WinFRAT, H-Module). We assembled a database of 191 ARS cases using the medical treatment protocols for radiation accident victims (n= 167) and the system for evaluation and archiving of radiation accidents based on case histories (n= 24) for training purposes of medical personnel. From 2016 to 2019, we trained 39 participants comprising MSc level radiobiology students in an on-site teaching class. Enforced by the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 for the first time, an online teaching of nine MSc radiobiology students replaced the on-site teaching. We found that: (a) limitations of correct diagnostic decision-making based on clinical signs and symptoms were experienced unrelated to the teaching format. (b) A significant performance decrease concerning online (first number in parenthesis) versus on-site teaching (reference and second number in parenthesis) was seen regarding the estimate time (31 vs 61 cases per hour, two-fold decrease,p= 0.005). Also, the accurate assessment of response categories (89.9% vs 96.9%,p= 0.001), ARS (92.4% vs 96.7%,p= 0.002) and hospitalisation (93.5% vs 97.0%,p= 0.002) decreased by around 3%-7%. The performances of the online attendees were mainly distributed within the lower quartile performance of on-site participants and the 25%-75% interquartile range increased 3-7-fold. (c) Comparison of dose estimates performed by training participants with hematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) severity mirrored the known limitations of dose alone as a surrogate parameter for HARS severity at doses less than 1.5 Gy, but demonstrated correct determination of HARS 2-4 and support for clinical decision making at dose estimates >1.5 Gy, regardless of teaching format. (d) Overall, one-third of the online participants showed substantial misapprehension and insecurities of elementary course content that did not occur after the on-site teaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lamkowski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, Munich 80937, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, Munich 80937, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, Munich 80937, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park JI, Choi K, Koo CU, Oh J, Hirata H, Swartz HM, Ye SJ. Dependence of Radiation-induced Signals on Geometry of Tooth Enamel Using a 1.15 GHz Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer: Improvement of Dosimetric Accuracy. HEALTH PHYSICS 2021; 120:152-162. [PMID: 32701613 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We aim to improve the accuracy of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based in vivo tooth dosimetry using the relationship between tooth geometry and radiation-induced signals (RIS). A homebuilt EPR spectrometer at L-band frequency of 1.15 GHz originally designed for non-invasive and in vivo measurements of intact teeth was used to measure the RIS of extracted human teeth. Twenty human central incisors were scanned by microCT and irradiated by 220 kVp x-rays. The RISs of the samples were measured by the EPR spectrometer as well as simulated by using the finite element analysis of the electromagnetic field. A linear relationship between simulated RISs and tooth geometric dimensions, such as enamel area, enamel volume, and labial enamel volume, was confirmed. The dose sensitivity was quantified as a slope of the calibration curve (i.e., RIS vs. dose) for each tooth sample. The linear regression of these dose sensitivities was established for each of three tooth geometric dimensions. Based on these findings, a method for the geometry correction was developed by use of expected dose sensitivity of a certain tooth for one of the tooth geometric dimensions. Using upper incisors, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) without correction was 1.48 Gy from an estimated dose of 10 Gy; however, the MAD corrected by enamel area, volume, and labial volume was reduced to 1.04 Gy, 0.77 Gy, and 0.83 Gy, respectively. In general, the method corrected by enamel volume showed the best accuracy in this study. This homebuilt EPR spectrometer for the purpose of non-invasive and in vivo tooth dosimetry was successfully tested for achieving measurements in situ. We demonstrated that the developed correction method could reduce dosimetric uncertainties resulting from the variations in tooth geometric dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeonghun Oh
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Geisel School of Medicine, HB 7785 Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sedimentary Dosimetry for the Saradj-Chuko Grotto: A Cave in a Lava Tube in the North-Central Caucasus, Russia. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3010020. [PMID: 32111014 PMCID: PMC7189660 DOI: 10.3390/mps3010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Karst caves host most European Paleolithic sites. Near the Eurasian-Arabian Plate convergence in the Caucasus’ Lower Chegem Formation, Saradj-Chuko Grotto (SCG), a lava tube, contains 16 geoarchaeologically distinct horizons yielding modern to laminar obsidian-rich Middle Paleolithic (MP) assemblages. Since electron spin resonance (ESR) can date MP teeth with 2–5% uncertainty, 40 sediment samples were analyzed by neutron activation analysis to measure volumetrically averaged sedimentary dose rates. SCG’s rhyolitic ignimbrite walls produce very acidic clay-rich conglomeratic silts that retain 16–24 wt% water today. In Layers 6A-6B, the most prolific MP layers, strongly decalcified bones hinder species identification, but large ungulates inhabited deciduous interglacial forests. Unlike in karst caves, most SCG’s layers had sedimentary U concentrations >4 ppm and Th, >12 ppm, but Layer 6B2 exceeded 20.8 ppm U, and Layer 7, >5 ppm Th. Such high concentrations emit dose rates averaging ~1.9–3.7 mGy/y, but locally up to 4.1–5.0 mGy/y. Within Layer 6, dose rate variations reflect bone occurrence, necessitating that several samples must be geochemically analyzed around each tooth to ensure age accuracy. Coupled with dentinal dose rates up to 3.7–4.5 mGy/y, SCG’s maximum datable ages likely averages ~500–800 ka.
Collapse
|
6
|
Blackwell BAB, Šalamanov-Korobar L, Huang CLC, Zhuo JL, Kitanovski B, Blickstein JIB, Florentin JA, Vasilevski S. SEDIMENTARY RADIOACTIVITY IN AN UPPER PALEOLITHIC-MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC (MP-UP) TRANSITION SITE: INCREASING ESR TOOTH DATING ACCURACY AT GOLEMA PEšT, NORTH MACEDONIA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:94-112. [PMID: 31840174 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ESR (electron spin resonance) can date sites that span the whole Paleolithic, but requires accurate sedimentary dose rates, especially in caves where the internal and cosmic dose rates can approach 0 mGy/yr. This study examines the sedimentary radioactivity in the upper layers at Golema Pešt, North Macedonia. Reaching > 5.5 m deep, > 21 flatly lying, silty-sandy matrix-supported gravel layers with éboulis clasts fill the cave. In Sondage 2, Layers 0-5 contained many hearths and yielded thousands of bones and teeth, many from ungulates. In Layers 2-5a sat thousands of lithics and small tools, many made on tiny quartz crystals. Layers 2c-6 have Mousterian assemblages with denticulates, notched tools, Levallois cores and flakes. To measure the volumetrically averaged sedimentary dose rates for ungulate teeth dated by ESR from Sondage 2, 66 sediment samples were analyzed by NAA. Adding éboulis, calcined bone, and charcoal associated with the hearths lowered the sedimentary dose rates or left them unchanged. In Layer 2 at 198 cm below the cave datum, the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) cryptotephra occurred, where it caused abnormally high sedimentary U, Th, and K concentrations and dose rates. Since the CI tephra lay 28-30 cm above AT77, a tooth dated from Layer 3, using time- and volumetrically averaging increased AT77's sedimentary dose rate by 32%, and dropped its calculated age by 25%. Analyzing the sedimentary compositions at every 2 cm in Layers 0-2 yielded a highly detailed stratigraphy that reduced the uncertainty in the sedimentary dose rates and the ESR ages, but more detailed geochemical analyses must be completed within the lower layers in Sondage 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie A B Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267-2692, USA
- RFK Science Research Institute, Glenwood Landing, NY, 11547-0866, USA
| | - Ljiljana Šalamanov-Korobar
- National Institution Archaeological Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Clara L C Huang
- RFK Science Research Institute, Glenwood Landing, NY, 11547-0866, USA
| | - Jialin L Zhuo
- RFK Science Research Institute, Glenwood Landing, NY, 11547-0866, USA
| | - Blagoja Kitanovski
- National Institution Archaeological Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | | | - Jonathan A Florentin
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267-2692, USA
- RFK Science Research Institute, Glenwood Landing, NY, 11547-0866, USA
| | - Sasko Vasilevski
- National Institution Archaeological Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kobayashi K, Dong R, Nicolalde RJ, Calderon P, Du G, Williams BB, Lee MCI, Swartz HM, Flood AB. Development of a novel mouth model as an alternative tool to test the effectiveness of an in vivo EPR dosimetry system. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:165002. [PMID: 30033935 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aad518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In a large-scale radiation event, thousands may be exposed to unknown amounts of radiation, some of which may be life-threatening without immediate attention. In such situations, a method to quickly and reliably estimate dose would help medical responders triage victims to receive life-saving care. We developed such a method using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to make in vivo measurements of the maxillary incisors. This report provides evidence that the use of in vitro studies can provide data that are fully representative of the measurements made in vivo. This is necessary because, in order to systematically test and improve the reliability and accuracy of the dose estimates made with our EPR dosimetry system, it is important to conduct controlled studies in vitro using irradiated human teeth. Therefore, it is imperative to validate whether our in vitro models adequately simulate the measurements made in vivo, which are intended to help guide decisions on triage after a radiation event. Using a healthy volunteer with a dentition gap that allows using a partial denture, human teeth were serially irradiated in vitro and then, using a partial denture, placed in the volunteer's mouth for measurements. We compared dose estimates made using in vivo measurements made in the volunteer's mouth to measurements made on the same teeth in our complex mouth model that simulates electromagnetic and anatomic properties of the mouth. Our results demonstrate that this mouth model can be used in in vitro studies to develop the system because these measurements appropriately model in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Kobayashi
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vorona I, Nosenko V, Baran N, Ishchenko S, Lemishko S, Zatovsky I, Strutynska N. EPR study of radiation-induced defects in carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite annealed at high temperature. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Guilarte V, Trompier F, Duval M. Evaluating the Potential of Q-Band ESR Spectroscopy for Dose Reconstruction of Fossil Tooth Enamel. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150346. [PMID: 26930398 PMCID: PMC4773243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of Q-band Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) for quantitative measurements has been scarcely evaluated in the literature and its application for dose reconstruction of fossil tooth enamel with dating purposes remains still quite unknown. Hence, we have performed a comparative study based on several Early to Middle Pleistocene fossil tooth samples using both X- and Q-band spectroscopies. Our results show that Q-band offers a significant improvement in terms of sensitivity and signal resolution: it allows not only to work with reduced amounts of valuable samples (< 4 mg), but also to identify different components of the main composite ESR signal. However, inherent precision of the ESR intensity measurements at Q-band is clearly lower than that achieved at X-band, highlighting the necessity to carry out repeated measurements. All dose values derived from X- and Q-band are nevertheless systematically consistent at either 1 or 2 sigma. In summary, our results indicate that Q-band could now be considered as a reliable tool for ESR dosimetry/dating of fossil teeth although further work is required to improve the repeatability of the measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guilarte
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - François Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mathieu Duval
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nosenko V, Vorona I, Baran N, Ishchenko S, Vysotskyi B, Krakhmalnaya T, Semenov Y. Comparative EPR study CO2− radicals in modern and fossil tooth enamel. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Kinoshita A, Skinner AR, Guidon N, Ignacio E, Felice GD, Buco CDA, Tatumi S, Yee M, Figueiredo AMG, Baffa O. Dating human occupation at Toca do Serrote das Moendas, São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí-Brasil by electron spin resonance and optically stimulated luminescence. J Hum Evol 2014; 77:187-95. [PMID: 25456825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Excavation of Toca do Serrote das Moendas, in Piauí state, Brazil revealed a great quantity of fossil wild fauna associated with human remains. In particular, fossils of a cervid (Blastocerus dichotomus) were found, an animal frequently pictured in ancient rock wall paintings. In a well-defined stratum, two loose teeth of this species were found in close proximity to human bones. The teeth were independently dated by electron spin resonance (ESR) in two laboratories. The ages obtained for the teeth were 29 ± 3 ka (thousands of years) and 24 ± 1 ka. The concretion layer capping this stratum was dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the quartz grains to 21 ± 3 ka. As these values were derived independently in three different laboratories, using different methods and equipment, these results are compelling evidence of early habitation in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kinoshita
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, 17011-160 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne R Skinner
- Chemistry Department, Williams College, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Niede Guidon
- FUMDHAM - Fundação Museu do Homem Americano, Centro Cultural Sérgio Motta, 64770-000 São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, Brazil; Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 54, Boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Elaine Ignacio
- FUMDHAM - Fundação Museu do Homem Americano, Centro Cultural Sérgio Motta, 64770-000 São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, Brazil; UNIVASF - Universidade do Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N - Centro, 56304-205 Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gisele Daltrini Felice
- FUMDHAM - Fundação Museu do Homem Americano, Centro Cultural Sérgio Motta, 64770-000 São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, Brazil; UFPi - Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de A Buco
- FUMDHAM - Fundação Museu do Homem Americano, Centro Cultural Sérgio Motta, 64770-000 São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Sonia Tatumi
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Avenida Saldanha da Gama, n 89, Ponta da Praia, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Yee
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Avenida Saldanha da Gama, n 89, Ponta da Praia, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Graciano Figueiredo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Cidade Universitária, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2242, 5422-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Baffa
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nosenko V, Vorona I, Ishchenko S, Baran N, Zatovsky I, Gorodilova N, Povarchuk V. Effect of pre-annealing on NO32- centers in synthetic hydroxyapatite. RADIAT MEAS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Wieser A. Review of reconstruction of radiation incident air kerma by measurement of absorbed dose in tooth enamel with EPR. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 149:71-78. [PMID: 22128353 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry with tooth enamel has been proved to be a reliable method to determine retrospectively exposures from photon fields with minimal detectable doses of 100 mGy or lower, which is lower than achievable with cytogenetic dose reconstruction methods. For risk assessment or validating dosimetry systems for specific radiation incidents, the relevant dose from the incident has to be calculated from the total absorbed dose in enamel by subtracting additional dose contributions from the radionuclide content in teeth, natural external background radiation and medical exposures. For calculating organ doses or evaluating dosimetry systems the absorbed dose in enamel from a radiation incident has to be converted to air kerma using dose conversion factors depending on the photon energy spectrum and geometry of the exposure scenario. This paper outlines the approach to assess individual dose contributions to absorbed dose in enamel and calculate individual air kerma of a radiation incident from the absorbed dose in tooth enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wieser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kinoshita A, Jose FA, Sundaram D, Paixão JDS, Soares IR, Figueiredo AM, Baffa O. Electron spin resonance dating of teeth from Western Brazilian megafauna – preliminary results. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Ishchenko S, Vorona I, Okulov S, Baran N, Rudko V. ENDOR study of CO2− radicals in hydroxyapatite of γ-irradiated bone. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
Fattibene P, Callens F. EPR dosimetry with tooth enamel: A review. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:2033-116. [PMID: 20599388 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When tooth enamel is exposed to ionizing radiation, radicals are formed, which can be detected using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. EPR dosimetry using tooth enamel is based on the (presumed) correlation between the intensity or amplitude of some of the radiation-induced signals with the dose absorbed in the enamel. In the present paper a critical review is given of this widely applied dosimetric method. The first part of the paper is fairly fundamental and deals with the main properties of tooth enamel and some of its model systems (e.g., synthetic apatites). Considerable attention is also paid to the numerous radiation-induced and native EPR signals and the radicals responsible for them. The relevant methods for EPR detection, identification and spectrum analyzing are reviewed from a general point of view. Finally, the needs for solid-state modelling and studies of the linearity of the dose response are investigated. The second part is devoted to the practical implementation of EPR dosimetry using enamel. It concerns specific problems of preparation of samples, their irradiation and spectrum acquisition. It also describes how the dosimetric signal intensity and dose can be retrieved from the EPR spectra. Special attention is paid to the energy dependence of the EPR response and to sources of uncertainties. Results of and problems encountered in international intercomparisons and epidemiological studies are also dealt with. In the final section the future of EPR dosimetry with tooth enamel is analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Technology and Health, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oliveira LC, Kinoshita A, Lopes RP, Baffa O. A new method for calculating the accumulated dose in ESR dating and retrospective dosimetry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2010; 98:427-431. [PMID: 20065716 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000348463.28658.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dose evaluation by electron spin resonance (ESR) is usually accomplished by constructing a dose-response curve by measuring the peak-to-peak intensity of the dosimetric signals in the g = 2 region. In several cases, this signal is overlapped with others that can interfere with dose reconstruction. In this work a new method to correct the spectrum before the measurement of the signal intensity is proposed. Examples of dose determination of accumulated dose (AD) of two fossil teeth from southern Brazilian megafauna are given. One of them presents a dose-independent signal in the region of interest, and the validity of this method is shown. For the other, without interfering signals, no difference in the AD was found. This method can also be applied to retrospective dosimetry by ESR for any sample with dose-independent interfering signals, thus improving the accuracy in AD determination by ESR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos Oliveira
- Departamento de Física e Matemática, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rudko VV, Vorona IP, Baran NP, Ishchenko SS, Zatovsky IV, Chumakova LS. The mechanism of CO2- radical formation in biological and synthetic apatites. HEALTH PHYSICS 2010; 98:322-326. [PMID: 20065701 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000346796.30582.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological apatites (tooth enamel, bone) and their synthetic analogues were exposed to gamma rays, UV light, or thermal treatment and studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The thermal generation of CO2- radicals in synthetic apatite was observed for the first time. It was shown that the experimental EPR spectra of all of the above-mentioned materials are caused by the contribution of two types of CO2- radicals: axial and orthorhombic. The ratio of their concentrations depends on the characteristic energy of the external influence (i.e., the energy of quantum for radiation or kT for thermal treatment) and also on the quality of the initial material (defectiveness). Based on the analysis of EPR spectra recorded immediately after gamma-irradiation, the authors conclude that the main short-lived radical in bioapatites is CO3(3)- . The unified mechanism of CO2- radical formation in hydroxyapatites at different external influences is proposed; the main stages of transformation are CO3(2)- + e --> CO3(3)- --> CO2-, where the electron (e) originates from the ionization of impurities by radiation/temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Rudko
- Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 45, pr. Nauky, Kiev, 03028, Ukraine.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Initial excavation and dating of Ngalue Cave: A Middle Stone Age site along the Niassa Rift, Mozambique. J Hum Evol 2009; 57:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Vanea ES, Levêque P, Abboud F, Bol A, Denis JM, Kolbun N, Vynckier S, Gallez B. Evaluation of the dose distribution gradient in the close vicinity of brachytherapy seeds using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 2009; 61:1225-31. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Patnaik R, Chauhan PR, Rao M, Blackwell B, Skinner A, Sahni A, Chauhan M, Khan H. New geochronological, paleoclimatological, and archaeological data from the Narmada Valley hominin locality, central India. J Hum Evol 2009; 56:114-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2007] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Kinoshita A, Barreto A, Alves R, Maria Figueiredo A, Eduardo de Souza Sarkis J, Dias ML, Baffa O. ESR dating of teeth from northeastern Brazilian megafauna. RADIAT MEAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Blackwell BA, Montoya A, Blickstein JI, Skinner AR, Pappu S, Gunnell Y, Taieb M, Kumar A, Lundberg JA. ESR analyses for teeth from the open-air site at Attirampakkam, India: Clues to complex U uptake and paleoenvironmental change. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Skinner AR, Blackwell BA, Mian A, Baboumian SM, Blickstein JI, Wrinn PJ, Krivoshapkin A, Derevianko A, Lundburg JA. ESR analyses on tooth enamel from the Paleolithic layers at the Obi-Rakhmat hominid site, Uzbekistan: Tackling a dating controversy. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
BiodosEPR-2006 consensus committee report on biodosimetric methods to evaluate radiation doses at long times after exposure. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
26
|
Vorona IP, Baran NP, Ishchenko SS, Rudko VV. Separation of the contributions from γ- and UV-radiation to the EPR spectra of tooth enamel plates. Appl Radiat Isot 2007; 65:553-6. [PMID: 17258465 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropy of EPR spectra of tooth enamel plates irradiated with gamma-rays and UV light has been studied. UV-irradiated enamel plates exhibit a stronger anisotropy than gamma-irradiated plates. Investigation of samples cut out of different teeth and irradiated to different doses showed that the value of anisotropy is characteristic of each type of irradiation; it equals to approximately 0.35 for gamma- rays and 0.50 for UV light. It is suggested that the difference in the anisotropy values can be attributed to different relative amounts of oriented and disordered radicals produced by the two types of radiation. This can be used for separating gamma- and UV-contributions to the total EPR signal of a tooth exposed to both types of radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I P Vorona
- Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, Pr. Nauky, Kiev 03028, Ukraine.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kleinerman RA, Romanyukha AA, Schauer DA, Tucker JD. Retrospective Assessment of Radiation Exposure Using Biological Dosimetry: Chromosome Painting, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and the Glycophorin A Mutation Assay. Radiat Res 2006; 166:287-302. [PMID: 16808614 DOI: 10.1667/rr3273.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biological monitoring of dose can contribute important, independent estimates of cumulative radiation exposure in epidemiological studies, especially in studies in which the physical dosimetry is lacking. Three biodosimeters that have been used in epidemiological studies to estimate past radiation exposure from external sources will be highlighted: chromosome painting or FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), the glycophorin A somatic mutation assay (GPA), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with teeth. All three biodosimeters have been applied to A-bomb survivors, Chernobyl clean-up workers, and radiation workers. Each biodosimeter has unique advantages and limitations depending upon the level and type of radiation exposure. Chromosome painting has been the most widely applied biodosimeter in epidemiological studies of past radiation exposure, and results of these studies provide evidence that dose-related translocations persist for decades. EPR tooth dosimetry has been used to validate dose models of acute and chronic radiation exposure, although the present requirement of extracted teeth has been a disadvantage. GPA has been correlated with physically based radiation dose after high-dose, acute exposures but not after low-dose, chronic exposures. Interindividual variability appears to be a limitation for both chromosome painting and GPA. Both of these techniques can be used to estimate the level of past radiation exposure to a population, whereas EPR can provide individual dose estimates of past exposure. This paper will review each of these three biodosimeters and compare their application in selected epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Kleinerman
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vorona I, Ishchenko S, Baran N, Petrenko T, Rudko V. Evidence of annealing-induced transformation of radicals in irradiated tooth enamel. RADIAT MEAS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
29
|
Wieser A, Vasilenko E, Fattibene P, Bayankin S, El-Faramawy N, Ivanov D, Jacob P, Knyazev V, Onori S, Pressello MC, Romanyukha A, Smetanin M, Ulanovsky A. Comparison of EPR occupational lifetime external dose assessments for Mayak nuclear workers and film badge dose data. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2006; 44:279-88. [PMID: 16456671 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-005-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Mayak worker cohort is one of the major sources of information on health risks due to protracted exposures to plutonium and external ionizing radiation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements in tooth enamel in combination with personal dose monitoring can help to improve external dose assessment for this cohort. Here, the occupational lifetime external exposure was evaluated individually for 44 nuclear workers of three plants of the Mayak Production Association by EPR measurements of absorbed doses in collected tooth enamel samples. Analysis included consideration of individual background doses in enamel and dose conversion coefficients specific for photon spectra at selected work areas. As a control, background doses were assessed for various age groups by EPR measurements on teeth from non-occupationally exposed Ozyorsk residents. Differences in occupational lifetime doses estimated from the film badges and from enamel for the Mayak workers were found to depend on the type of film badge and the selected plant. For those who worked at the radiochemical processing plant and who were monitored with IFK film badges, the dose was on average 570 mGy larger than estimated from the EPR measurements. However, the average difference was found to be only -4 and 6 mGy for those who were monitored with IFKU film badges and worked at the reactor and the isotope production plant respectively. The discrepancies observed in the dose estimates are attributed to a bias in film badge evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wieser
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, 85758 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Skinner AR, Blackwell BAB, Martin S, Ortega A, Blickstein JIB, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB. ESR dating at Mezmaiskaya Cave, Russia. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:219-24. [PMID: 15607452 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mezmaiskaya Cave has yielded more than 10,000 artifacts, thousands of very well preserved faunal remains, and hominin remains, found in seven Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) and three Upper Paleolithic levels. A complete Neanderthal infant skeleton was preserved in anatomical juxtaposition lying on a large limestone block, overlain by the earliest Mousterian layer, Layer 3. Twenty-four skull fragments from a 1-2 year-old Neanderthal infant, showing post-mortem deformation, occurred in a pit originating in the Mousterian Layer 2 and penetrating into underlying layers 2A and 2B(1). Bone from Layer 2A was dated by AMS 14C at 35.8-36.3+/-0.5 kyr BP. Direct dating of Neanderthal bone from Layer 3 gave an age of 29 kyr, but that is now considered to be due to contamination by modern carbon. Fourteen large mammal teeth from Layers 2 through 3 have been dated by standard electron spin resonance (ESR). Low U concentrations in both the enamel and dentine ensure that ESR ages do not depend significantly on the U uptake model, but do depend strongly on the sedimentary dose rates. Assuming a sedimentary water concentration equal to 20 wt%, ESR ages for the Mousterian layers range from 36.2 to 73.0+/-5.0 ka.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Romanyukha AA, Schauer DA, Thomas JA, Regulla DF. Parameters affecting EPR dose reconstruction in teeth. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:147-54. [PMID: 15607441 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the lower limit of detection (LLD), linearity of dose response, variation of radiation sensitivity between different tooth enamel samples, and time/temperature stability of EPR biodosimetry in tooth enamel. The theoretical LLD is shown to be 0.46 mGy, which is far lower than the measured value of about 30 mGy. The main issues to lowering LLD are the differentiation of the radiation-induced component against the total EPR spectrum and the complex nature of the dose dependence of the EPR signal. The following questions are also discussed in detail: need for exfoliated or extracted teeth from persons of interest, accounting for background radiation contribution; conversion of tooth enamel absorbed dose to effective dose; accounting for internal exposure specifically from bone-seeking radionuclides. Conclusions on future development of EPR retrospective biodosimetry are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Romanyukha
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wieser A, Debuyst R, Fattibene P, Meghzifene A, Onori S, Bayankin SN, Blackwell B, Brik A, Bugay A, Chumak V, Ciesielski B, Hoshi M, Imata H, Ivannikov A, Ivanov D, Junczewska M, Miyazawa C, Pass B, Penkowski M, Pivovarov S, Romanyukha A, Romanyukha L, Schauer D, Scherbina O, Schultka K, Shames A, Sholom S, Skinner A, Skvortsov V, Stepanenko V, Tielewuhan E, Toyoda S, Trompier F. The 3rd international intercomparison on EPR tooth dosimetry: Part 1, general analysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:163-71. [PMID: 15607443 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the 3rd International Intercomparison on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Tooth Dosimetry was the evaluation of laboratories performing tooth enamel dosimetry below 300 mGy. Participants had to reconstruct the absorbed dose in tooth enamel from 11 molars, which were cut into two halves. One half of each tooth was irradiated in a 60Co beam to doses in the ranges of 30-100 mGy (5 samples), 100-300 mGy (5 samples), and 300-900 mGy (1 sample). Fourteen international laboratories participated in this intercomparison programme. A first analysis of the results and an overview of the essential features of methods applied in different laboratories are presented. The relative standard deviation of results of all methods was better than 27% for applied doses in the range of 79-704 mGy. In the analysis of the unirradiated tooth halves 8% of the samples were identified as outliers with additional absorbed dose above background dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wieser
- GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kinoshita A, Magnólia Franca A, Augusto Costa de Almeida J, Figueiredo AM, Nicolucci P, Graeff CFO, Baffa O. ESR dating at K and X band of northeastern Brazilian megafauna. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:225-9. [PMID: 15607453 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The archaeological dose (AD) was measured in three tooth samples of giant mammals that belonged to Brazilian megafauna using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy at X-band (nu approximately 9.5 GHz) and K-band (nu approximately 24 GHz). Samples were collected in Lagoa de Dentro, Puxinanã city in Paraiba, a northeast state in Brazil and were identified as Haplomastodon waringi (Holland) (two teeth) and one tooth sample of Xenorhinotherium bahiense (Cartele and Lessa). The average AD led to an age for the Haplomastodon samples of 11.6 ky bp. For one sample (Haplomastodon) K-band was also employed to evaluate the AD. The K-band spectrum had three components, determined using spectral simulation as follows: a wide isotropic line with g factor 2.0048, an orthorhombic line with g(x)=2.0034, g(y)=2.0022 and g(z)=1.9974, and another isotropic line with g factor 2.0008. The amplitude of these three signals increase with the added dose and the average dose found was 26+/-5 Gy. This result is compatible with the AD determined with X-band 21+/-3 Gy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kinoshita
- Departamento de Física e Matemática, FFCLRP-USP, Av Bandeirantes, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vorona I, Ishchenko S, Baran N. The effect of thermal treatment on radiation-induced EPR signals in tooth enamel. RADIAT MEAS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Blackwell BAB, Liang S, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB, Skinner AR, Blickstein JIB. ESR at Treugol’naya Cave, Northern Caucasus Mt., Russia: Dating Russia's oldest archaeological site and paleoclimatic change in Oxygen Isotope Stage 11. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:237-45. [PMID: 15607455 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
At 1510 m asl, Treugol'naya Cave, Russia, is the highest cave showing evidence for human occupation in eastern Europe. Layers 4-7 in the 4.5-m-thick sequence yielded many artifacts representing Lower Paleolithic pebble and flake tool industries. Abundant faunal remains include extinct Middle Pleistocene species. Palynological, paleomagnetic, and microsedimentological analyses indicate that several climatic changes of different magnitudes occurred in the sequence. To determine absolute ages for Treugol'naya, 32 independent subsamples from nine ungulate teeth collected from the Lower Paleolithic layers were dated by standard and isochron electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses. Isochron analyses indicate that the teeth experienced no significant U leaching or secondary uptake, and that linear uptake (LU) provides accurate ages. Layers 4b through 5b dated to 365+/-12-406+/-15 ka. Therefore, hominids visited the site periodically throughout Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 11, indicating that they utilized resources at elevations >1000 m at least seasonally by 400 ka. ESR, paleomagnetic, palynological and paleontological analyses all indicate that the Lower Paleolithic Layers 4-5 correlate with OIS 11. The thickness of Layers 4-5 (more than 1.5 m) makes this one of the thickest OIS 11 terrestrial deposits known.
Collapse
|
36
|
Grün R, Ward K. A long-term fading study for ESR intensity measurement and dose evaluation on fossil tooth enamel. RADIAT MEAS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4487(02)00042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
37
|
Callens F, Vanhaelewyn G, Matthys P. Some recent multi-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance results on systems relevant for dosimetry and dating. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2002; 58:1321-1328. [PMID: 11993479 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) applications like e.g. EPR dosimetry and dating, are usually performed at X-band frequencies because of practical reasons (cost, sample size, etc.). However, it is increasingly recognized that the radiation-induced EPR signals are strongly composite, what might affect dose/age estimates. A few recent examples from both the dosimetry and dating field, illustrating the problems, will be presented. The involved spectra are mainly due to carbonate-derived radicals (CO2-, CO3(3-), etc.). Measurements at higher microwave frequencies are often recommended to improve the insight into the spectra and/or the practical signal quantification. Recent results at Q- and W-band frequencies will show that a multi-frequency approach indeed opens many interesting perspectives in this field but also that each frequency may have specific (dis)advantages depending on the EPR probe and application involved. The discussion will concern carbonate-containing apatite single crystals, shells, modern and fossil tooth enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Callens
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|