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Miederer M, Benešová-Schäfer M, Mamat C, Kästner D, Pretze M, Michler E, Brogsitter C, Kotzerke J, Kopka K, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:76. [PMID: 38256909 PMCID: PMC10821197 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of radionuclides for targeted endoradiotherapy is a rapidly growing field in oncology. In particular, the focus on the biological effects of different radiation qualities is an important factor in understanding and implementing new therapies. Together with the combined approach of imaging and therapy, therapeutic nuclear medicine has recently made great progress. A particular area of research is the use of alpha-emitting radionuclides, which have unique physical properties associated with outstanding advantages, e.g., for single tumor cell targeting. Here, recent results and open questions regarding the production of alpha-emitting isotopes as well as their chemical combination with carrier molecules and clinical experience from compassionate use reports and clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Miederer
- Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Benešová-Schäfer
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kästner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Marc Pretze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Enrico Michler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Brogsitter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Michael R. McDevitt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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PET in vivo generators 134Ce and 140Nd on an internalizing monoclonal antibody probe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3863. [PMID: 35264588 PMCID: PMC8907281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo-generator radionuclides 140Nd (t1/2 = 3.4 d) and 134Ce (t1/2 = 3.2 d) were used to trace a urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-targeting mouse monoclonal antibody, ATN-291, in U87 MG xenograft tumor-bearing mice. ATN-291 is known to internalize on the uPA/uPA-receptor pair, making it an appropriate targeting vector for investigating the fate of in vivo generator daughters on internalizing probes. Ante-mortem and post-mortem PET imaging at 120 h post-injection gave no indication of redistribution of the positron emitting daughter nuclides 134La and 140Pr from tumor tissue (p > 0.5). The lack of redistribution indicates that the parent radionuclides 134Ce and 140Nd could be considered as long-lived PET-diagnostic matches to therapeutic radionuclides like 177Lu, 161Tb and 225Ac when internalizing bioconjugates are employed.
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Eryilmaz K, Kilbas B. Detailed Chemistry Studies of 225Actinium Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:76-83. [PMID: 34053430 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014666210528123936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthesis of 225Actinium derivatives using PSMA-617, DOTATATE peptides and EDTMP ligand was afforded. Detailed experimental, quality control (QC) and stability studies were well described. The radiolabelling reactions were performed in mild conditions with desirable radiochemical yields and high radiochemical purities. METHODS PSMA-617, and DOTATATE were radiolabelled with 225Actinium in 0.1 M HCl in the presence of ascorbate buffer solution and passed through the C-18 light cartridge for purification and the product was eluted by ethanol-water solution. EDTMP was also radiolabelled with 225Actinium without using any stabilizer and purification step. All products were well analyzed by R-TLC and R-HPLC. The stability of those compounds was also studied within the valid time. RESULTS 225Ac-DOTATATE and 225Ac-PSMA-617 were obtained at the same condition. The radiochemical yield of 225Ac-DOTATATE was less than 225Ac-PSMA 617. Stability experiments indicated decay daughters of 225Actinium appeared after T0 +1 h due to the recoil effect radiolysis. On the other hand, 225Ac-EDTMP was more stable than DOTA-peptide radiolabelled compounds. 225Ac-EDTMP was produced with more than 95% radiochemical yield and 99% radiochemical purity. CONCLUSION A detailed chemistry study was presented for the synthesis of 225Actinium derivatives in mild conditions with absolute radiochemical purities and high yields. Experimental results showed that 225Ac-EDTMP could be a suitable alternative radiopharmaceutical for bone metastases arising from primer tumors as a cocktail therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benan Kilbas
- Moltek A. S. Gebze Organize Sanayi, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Chakraborty S, Shetty P, Chakravarty R, Vimalnath KV, Kumar C, Sarma HD, Vatsa R, Shukla J, Mittal BR, Dash A. Formulation of ‘ready-to-use’ human clinical doses of 177Lu-labeled bisphosphonate amide of DOTA using moderate specific activity 177Lu and its preliminary evaluation in human patient. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Radiolabeled macrocyclic bisphosphonate ligands have recently been demonstrated to be highly efficacious in treatment of patients with painful bone metastases. Herein, we report a robust protocol for formulation of therapeutically relevant doses of 177Lu-labeled bisphosphonate amide of DOTA (BPAMD) using moderate specific activity 177Lu produced by direct (n,γ) route and its preliminary investigation in human patients. Doses (2.8 ± 0.2 GBq) were formulated with high radiochemical purity (98.3 ± 0.4 %) using a protocol optimized after extensive radiochemical studies. In vitro binding studies with mineralized osteosarcoma cells demonstrated specific binding of the radiotracer. Biodistribution studies in healthy Wistar rats demonstrated rapid skeletal accumulation with fast clearance from the non-target organs. In a patient administered with 555 MBq dose of 177Lu-BPAMD, intense radiotracer uptake was observed in the metastatic skeletal lesions with insignificant uptake in any other major non-targeted organs. Preliminary clinical investigations carried out after administration of 2.6 GBq of 177Lu-BPAMD revealed significant reduction in pain after 1 week without any adverse effects. The developed protocol for formulation of 177Lu-BPAMD doses using moderate specific activity carrier added 177Lu has been found to be effective and warrants wider investigations in patients with painful skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai – 400094 , India
| | - Priyalata Shetty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai – 400094 , India
| | - K. V. Vimalnath
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
| | - H. D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
| | - Rakhee Vatsa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chadigarh – 160012 , India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chadigarh – 160012 , India
| | - B. R. Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chadigarh – 160012 , India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai – 400094 , India
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De Vincentis G, Gerritsen W, Gschwend JE, Hacker M, Lewington V, O'Sullivan JM, Oya M, Pacilio M, Parker C, Shore N, Sartor O. Advances in targeted alpha therapy for prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1728-1739. [PMID: 31418764 PMCID: PMC6927314 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amongst therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, targeted alpha therapy (TαT) can deliver potent and local radiation selectively to cancer cells as well as the tumor microenvironment and thereby control cancer while minimizing toxicity. In this review, we discuss the history, progress, and future potential of TαT in the treatment of prostate cancer, including dosimetry-individualized treatment planning, combinations with small-molecule therapies, and conjugation to molecules directed against antigens expressed by prostate cancer cells, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or components of the tumor microenvironment. A clinical proof of concept that TαT is efficacious in treating bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has been demonstrated by radium-223 via improved overall survival and long-term safety/tolerability in the phase III ALSYMPCA trial. Dosimetry calculation and pharmacokinetic measurements of TαT provide the potential for optimization and individualized treatment planning for a precision medicine-based cancer management paradigm. The ability to combine TαTs with other agents, including chemotherapy, androgen receptor-targeting agents, DNA repair inhibitors, and immuno-oncology agents, is under investigation. Currently, TαTs that specifically target prostate cancer cells expressing PSMA represents a promising therapeutic approach. Both PSMA-targeted actinium-225 and thorium-227 conjugates are under investigation. The described clinical benefit, safety and tolerability of radium-223 and the recent progress in TαT trial development suggest that TαT occupies an important new role in prostate cancer treatment. Ongoing studies with newer dosimetry methods, PSMA targeting, and novel approaches to combination therapies should expand the utility of TαT in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - W Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Rechts der Isar Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - M Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Lewington
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College, London, UK
| | - J M O'Sullivan
- Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland Cancer Center, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - M Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Pacilio
- Medical Physics Department, "Policlinico Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Parker
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - N Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach
| | - O Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA.
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Kruijff RMD, Raavé R, Kip A, Molkenboer-Kuenen J, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Heskamp S, Denkova AG. The in vivo fate of 225Ac daughter nuclides using polymersomes as a model carrier. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11671. [PMID: 31406320 PMCID: PMC6690960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is given to personalized tumour therapy, where α-emitters can potentially play an important role. Alpha particles are ideal for localized cell killing because of their high linear energy transfer and short ranges. However, upon the emission of an α particle the daughter nuclide experiences a recoil energy large enough to ensure decoupling from any chemical bond. These 'free' daughter nuclides are no longer targeted to the tumour and can accumulate in normal tissue. In this paper, we used polymersomes as model carrier to evaluate the retention of recoiling daughters of 225Ac in vivo, and assessed their suitability as therapeutic agents. Vesicles containing 225Ac were injected intravenously in healthy mice, and intratumourally in tumour-bearing mice, and the relocation of free 213Bi was assessed in different organs upon the injection [225Ac]Ac-polymersomes. The therapeutic effect of 225Ac-containing vesicles was studied upon intratumoural injection, where treatment groups experienced no tumour-related deaths over a 115 day period. While polymersomes containing 225Ac could be suitable agents for long-term irradiation of tumours without causing significant renal toxicity, there is still a significant re-distribution of daughter nuclides throughout the body, signifying the importance of careful evaluation of the effect of daughter nuclides in targeted alpha therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M de Kruijff
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - R Raavé
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Kip
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Molkenboer-Kuenen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Heskamp
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A G Denkova
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Mishiro K, Hanaoka H, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa K. Radiotheranostics with radiolanthanides: Design, development strategies, and medical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thiele NA, Wilson JJ. Actinium-225 for Targeted α Therapy: Coordination Chemistry and Current Chelation Approaches. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:336-348. [PMID: 29889562 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-emitting radionuclide actinium-225 possesses nuclear properties that are highly promising for use in targeted α therapy (TAT), a therapeutic strategy that employs α particle emissions to destroy tumors. A key factor, however, that may hinder the clinical use of actinium-225 is the poor understanding of its coordination chemistry, which creates challenges for the development of suitable chelation strategies for this ion. In this article, we provide an overview of the known chemistry of actinium and a summary of the chelating agents that have been explored for use in actinium-225-based TAT. This overview provides a starting point for researchers in the field of TAT to gain an understanding of this valuable therapeutic radionuclide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Thiele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
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Rabiei A, Shamsaei M, Yousefnia H, Zolghadri S, Reza Jalilian A, Enayati R. Development and biological evaluation of 90Y-BPAMD as a novel bone seeking therapeutic Agent. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nowadays, the bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals play an important role in the treatment of the bone-related pathologies. Whereas various phosphonate ligands have already been identified, a DOTA-based bisphosphonate, 4-{[(bis(phosphonomethyl))carbamoyl]methyl}- 7,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec- 1-yl (BPAMD) with better characteristics has recently been synthesized. In this study, 90Y-BPAMD was developed with radiochemical purity >98% and the specific activity of 3.52 TBq/mmol in the optimized conditions as a new bone-seeking therapeutic agent. The complex demonstrated significant stability at room temperature and in human serum even after 48 h. At even low amount of hydroxyapatite (5 mg), more than 90% binding to hydroxyapatite was observed. Biodistribution studies after injection of the complex into the Syrian rats showed major accumulation of the labelled compound in the bone tissue and an insignificant uptake in the other organs all the times after injection. Generally, 90Y-BPAMD demonstrated interesting characteristics compared to the other 90Y bone-seeking agents and even 166Ho-BPAMD, and can be considered as a new bone-seeking candidate for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rabiei
- Energy Engineering and Physics Department, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mojtaba Shamsaei
- Energy Engineering and Physics Department, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hassan Yousefnia
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), 14155-1339 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), 14155-1339 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Amir Reza Jalilian
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), 14155-1339 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Razieh Enayati
- Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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Lange R, Ter Heine R, Knapp RF, de Klerk JMH, Bloemendal HJ, Hendrikse NH. Pharmaceutical and clinical development of phosphonate-based radiopharmaceuticals for the targeted treatment of bone metastases. Bone 2016; 91:159-79. [PMID: 27496068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic phosphonate-based radiopharmaceuticals radiolabeled with beta, alpha and conversion electron emitting radioisotopes have been investigated for the targeted treatment of painful bone metastases for >35years. We performed a systematic literature search and focused on the pharmaceutical development, preclinical research and early human studies of these radiopharmaceuticals. The characteristics of an ideal bone-targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical are presented and compliance with these criteria by the compounds discussed is verified. The importance of both composition and preparation conditions for the stability and biodistribution of several agents is discussed. Very few studies have described the characterization of these products, although knowledge on the molecular structure is important with respect to in vivo behavior. This review discusses a total of 91 phosphonate-based therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, of which only six agents have progressed to clinical use. Extensive clinical studies have only been described for (186)Re-HEDP, (188)Re-HEDP and (153)Sm-EDTMP. Of these, (153)Sm-EDTMP represents the only compound with worldwide marketing authorization. (177)Lu-EDTMP has recently received approval for clinical use in India. This review illustrates that a thorough understanding of the radiochemistry of these agents is required to design simple and robust preparation and quality control methods, which are needed to fully exploit the potential benefits of these theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. Extensive biodistribution and dosimetry studies are indispensable to provide the portfolios that are required for assessment before human administration is possible. Use of the existing knowledge collected in this review should guide future research efforts and may lead to the approval of new promising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier Lange
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Russ Ff Knapp
- Medical Radioisotope Program, Nuclear Security and Isotope Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - John M H de Klerk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Haiko J Bloemendal
- Department of Internal Medicine/Medical Oncology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Harry Hendrikse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bergmann R, Meckel M, Kubíček V, Pietzsch J, Steinbach J, Hermann P, Rösch F. (177)Lu-labelled macrocyclic bisphosphonates for targeting bone metastasis in cancer treatment. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:5. [PMID: 26780082 PMCID: PMC4715021 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic bone lesion is a common syndrome of many cancer diseases in an advanced state. The major symptom is severe pain, spinal cord compression, and pathological fracture, associated with an obvious morbidity. Common treatments including systemic application of bisphosphonate drugs aim on pain reduction and on improving the quality of life of the patient. Particularly, patients with multiple metastatic lesions benefit from bone-targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Agents utilizing beta-emitting radionuclides in routine clinical praxis are, for example, [89Sr]SrCl2 and [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP. No-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 177Lu is remarkably suitable for an application in this scope. Methods Five 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane N,N′,N′′,N′′-tetra-acetic acid (DOTA)- and DO2A-based bisphosphonates, including monomeric and dimeric structures and one 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetic acid (NO2A) derivative, were synthesized and labelled with n.c.a. 177Lu. Radio-TLC and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were successfully established for determining radiochemical yields and for quality control. Their binding to hydroxyapatite was measured in vitro. Ex vivo biodistribution experiments and dynamic in vivo single photon computed tomography (SPECT)/CT measurements were performed in healthy rats for 5 min and 1 h periods. Data on %ID/g or standard uptake value (SUV) for femur, blood, and soft-tissue organs were analyzed and compared with [177Lu]citrate. Results Radiolabelling yields for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA and [177Lu]Lu-NO2A monomeric bisphosphonate complexes were >98 % within 15 min. The dimeric macrocyclic bisphosphonates showed a decelerated labelling kinetics, reaching a plateau after 30 min of 60 to 90 % radiolabelling yields. All 177Lu-bisphosphonate complexes showed exclusive accumulation in the skeleton. Blood clearance and renal elimination were fast. SUV data (all for 1 h p.i.) in the femur ranged from 3.34 to 5.67. The bone/blood ratios were between 3.6 and 135.6, correspondingly. 177Lu-bisphosphonate dimers showed a slightly higher bone accumulation (SUVfemur = 4.48 ± 0.38 for [177Lu]Lu-DO2A(PBP)2; SUVfemur = 5.41 ± 0.46 for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA(MBP)2) but a slower blood clearance (SUVblood = 1.25 ± 0.09 for [177Lu]Lu-DO2A(PBP)2; SUVblood = 1.43 ± 0.32 for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA(MBP)2). Conclusions Lu-complexes of macrocyclic bisphosphonates might become options for the therapy of skeletal metastases in the near future, since they show high uptake in bone together with a very low soft-tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Bergmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marian Meckel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petr Hermann
- Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Estimated human absorbed dose of ¹⁷⁷Lu-BPAMD based on mice data: Comparison with ¹⁷⁷Lu-EDTMP. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 104:128-35. [PMID: 26163291 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the absorbed dose of human organs for (177)Lu-BPAMD was evaluated based on biodistribution studies into the Syrian mice by RADAR method and was compared with (177)Lu-EDTMP as the only clinically used Lu-177 bone-seeking agent. The highest absorbed dose for both (177)Lu-BPAMD and (177)Lu-EDTMP is observed on the bone surface with 8.007 and 4.802 mSv/MBq. Generally, (177)Lu-BPAMD has considerable characteristics compared with (177)Lu-EDTMP and can be considered as a promising agent for the bone pain palliation therapy.
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Yousefnia H, Zolghadri S, Sadeghi HR, Naderi M, Jalilian AR, Shanehsazzadeh S. Preparation and biological assessment of 177Lu-BPAMD as a high potential agent for bone pain palliation therapy: comparison with 177Lu-EDTMP. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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CERN-MEDICIS (Medical Isotopes Collected from ISOLDE): A New Facility. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/app4020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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BAI YUAN, GAO JINGQUN, WANG JUN, JIN XUDONG, WU TONG, KONG YUMEI. Syntheses, structural determination, and binding studies of nine-coordinate mononuclear (mnH)2[DyIII(Httha)]·3H2O and (enH2)3[DyIII(ttha)]2·9H2O. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.757600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YUAN BAI
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , College of Chemistry, Liaoning University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - JINGQUN GAO
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , College of Chemistry, Liaoning University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - JUN WANG
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , College of Chemistry, Liaoning University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - XUDONG JIN
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , College of Chemistry, Liaoning University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - TONG WU
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , College of Chemistry, Liaoning University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - YUMEI KONG
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , College of Chemistry, Liaoning University , Shenyang , P.R. China
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Simón J, Frank RK, Crump DK, Erwin WD, Ueno NT, Wendt RE. A preclinical investigation of the saturation and dosimetry of 153Sm-DOTMP as a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:770-6. [PMID: 22459336 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapeutic potential of the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical 153Sm-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetetramethylenephosphonic acid (153Sm-DOTMP) was assessed by measuring its dosage-dependent skeletal uptake at two chelant-to-metal ratios and its source organ residence times at a chelant-to-metal ratio of 1.5:1. A similar agent, 153Sm-labeled ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid (153Sm-EDTMP), has been reported to exhibit dosage-limiting skeletal saturation. METHODS Sm-DOTMP was prepared with tracer activity of 153Sm and sufficient stable, unenriched Sm to simulate different activities. Cohorts of seven 280-g Sprague-Dawley rats were administered the equivalent of 296, 592, 888, 1184 and 1480 MBq (8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 mCi) at a fixed chelant-to-metal ratio of 1.5:1 and euthanized 3 h after administration. Cohorts of three 128-g Sprague-Dawley rats were administered equivalent dosages of 10.4, 592 and 888 (0.28, 16 and 32 mCi) at a fixed chelant-to-metal ratio of 270:1 and euthanized 2 h after administration. A simulated activity of 1480 MBq (40 mCi) at a chelant-to-metal ratio of 1.5:1 was administered to cohorts of seven rats that were euthanized at 2, 4, 24 or 48 h postadministration. The heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder, muscle and a femur were excised, weighed and counted. The data were analyzed to determine skeletal uptake and source organ residence times. RESULTS No statistically significant skeletal saturation was observed up to human-equivalent dosages of 370 GBq (10 Ci) at a chelant-to-metal ratio of 1.5:1, but the skeletal uptake dropped by 40% over the range of dosages at a chelant-to-metal ratio of 270:1. At a chelant-to-metal ratio of 1.5:1, the preferred ratio, the skeletal uptake fraction in rats was 0.408 (95% confidence interval 0.396-0.419) with an effective half-life of 47.3 h (95% confidence interval 42.3-53.7; the physical half-life of 153Sm is 46.3 h). Extrapolating to an adult human model, 52.9 GBq (1.43 Ci) of 153Sm-DOTMP would deliver 40 Gy to the red marrow. CONCLUSION 153Sm-DOTMP has dosimetry equivalent to that of 153Sm-EDTMP at low dosages, yet with no skeletal saturation at higher administered activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Simón
- IsoTherapeutics Group, LLC, Angleton, TX 77515, USA.
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Gao J, Li D, Wang J, Jin X, Wu T, Li K, Kang P, zhang X. Syntheses, structural determination, and binding studies of mononuclear nine-coordinate (enH2)[SmIII(egta)(H2O)]2 · 6H2O and 2-D ladder-like nine-coordinate (enH2)1.5[SmIII(ttha)] · 4.5H2O. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.594888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqun Gao
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Xudong Jin
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Pingli Kang
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036 , P.R. China
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Liu B, Hu P, Wang J, Xu R, Zhang LQ, Gao J, Wang YF, Zhang XD. Synthesis and structures of nine-coordinate K[SmIII (Edta)(H2O)3] · 2H2O and Ten-Coordinate K2[SmIII(Pdta)(H2O)2]2 · 4.5H2O complexes. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s107032840910008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Eidherr H, Krcal A, Kletter K, Dudczak R, Viernstein H, Pirich C. Labelling of EDTMP (Multibone®) with [111In], [99mTc] and [188Re] using different carriers for “cross complexation”. Appl Radiat Isot 2004; 60:653-8. [PMID: 15082042 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2003] [Accepted: 09/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Detection and follow up of bone metastases are important in diagnostic nuclear medicine. However, although the methods are well established, the mechanisms involved in the bone uptake of radiotracers still remain speculative. The aim of the present study was the evaluation and comparison of the labelling of EDTMP with different radionuclides (n.c.a. = no carrier added) and different carriers (c.a. = carrier added). Since different nuclides have an impact on the radiochemical and biological properties of the tracer, our experiments were designed to further elucidate the mechanisms and structural prerequisites for bone uptake. We labelled the commercially available Multibone kit with [111In] and [99mTc] using different carriers, e.g. indium and rhenium, to form "cross complexes". In the case of [188Re] we compiled minor modifications to this kit for the first time allowing the simple preparation of [188Re]-EDTMP in the departments without on-site radiopharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mitterhauser
- Univ. Klinik für Nuklear Medizin des AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Wien 1090, Austria.
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Beyer GJ, Miederer M, Vranjes-Durić S, Comor JJ, Künzi G, Hartley O, Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R, Soloviev D, Buchegger F. Targeted alpha therapy in vivo: direct evidence for single cancer cell kill using 149Tb-rituximab. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31:547-54. [PMID: 14722680 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-003-1413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates high-efficiency sterilisation of single cancer cells in a SCID mouse model of leukaemia using rituximab, a monoclonal antibody that targets CD20, labelled with terbium-149, an alpha-emitting radionuclide. Radio-immunotherapy with 5.5 MBq labelled antibody conjugate (1.11 GBq/mg) 2 days after an intravenous graft of 5.10(6) Daudi cells resulted in tumour-free survival for >120 days in 89% of treated animals. In contrast, all control mice (no treatment or treated with 5 or 300 micro g unlabelled rituximab) developed lymphoma disease. At the end of the study period, 28.4%+/-4% of the long-lived daughter activity remained in the body, of which 91.1% was located in bone tissue and 6.3% in the liver. A relatively high daughter radioactivity concentration was found in the spleen (12%+/-2%/g), suggesting that the killed cancer cells are mainly eliminated through the spleen. This promising preliminary in vivo study suggests that targeted alpha therapy with (149)Tb is worthy of consideration as a new-generation radio-immunotherapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-J Beyer
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, 24 Rue Micheli du Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Hamacher KA, Sgouros G. Theoretical estimation of absorbed dose to organs in radioimmunotherapy using radionuclides with multiple unstable daughters. Med Phys 2001; 28:1857-74. [PMID: 11585217 DOI: 10.1118/1.1395026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity and clinical utility of long-lived alpha emitters such as Ac-225 and Ra-223 will depend upon the fate of alpha-particle emitting unstable intermediates generated after decay of the conjugated parent. For example, decay of Ac-225 to a stable element yields four alpha particles and seven radionuclides. Each of these progeny has its own free-state biodistribution and characteristic half-life. Therefore, their inclusion for a more accurate prediction of absorbed dose and potential toxicity requires a formalism that takes these factors into consideration as well. To facilitate the incorporation of such intermediates into the dose calculation, a previously developed methodology (model 1) has been extended. Two new models (models 2 and 3) for allocation of daughter products are introduced and are compared with the previously developed model. Model 1 restricts the transport to a function that yields either the place of origin or the place(s) of biodistribution depending on the half-life of the parent radionuclide. Model 2 includes the transient time within the bloodstream and model 3 incorporates additional binding at or within the tumor. This means that model 2 also allows for radionuclide decay and further daughter production while moving from one location to the next and that model 3 relaxes the constraint that the residence time within the tumor is solely based on the half-life of the parent. The models are used to estimate normal organ absorbed doses for the following parent radionuclides: Ac-225, Pb-212, At-211, Ra-223, and Bi-213. Model simulations are for a 0.1 g rapidly accessible tumor and a 10 g solid tumor. Additionally, the effects of varying radiolabled carrier molecule purity and amount of carrier molecules, as well as tumor cell antigen saturation are examined. The results indicate that there is a distinct advantage in using parent radionuclides such as Ac-225 or Ra-223, each having a half-life of more than 10 days and yielding four alpha particles per parent decay, in that lower doses to normal organs result for a given tumor dose in comparison to those radionuclides yielding fewer alpha particles. In model 2, which accounts for transit time through the blood, a dose of 20 Gy to a rapidly accessible 0.1 g tumor will result in a liver and kidney dose of 1.7 and 0.9 Gy, respectively from Ac-225. An equivalent dose to tumor from Ra-223 would yield a maximum normal organ dose of 0.4 and 0.3 Gy to bone and small intestines, respectively; the corresponding absorbed dose to small intestines from Pb-212 and Bi-213 is 2.2 and 3.0 Gy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hamacher
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Hassfjell S, Brechbiel MW. The development of the alpha-particle emitting radionuclides 212Bi and 213Bi, and their decay chain related radionuclides, for therapeutic applications. Chem Rev 2001; 101:2019-36. [PMID: 11710239 DOI: 10.1021/cr000118y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hassfjell
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Room B3B69, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
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Hamacher KA, Sgouros G. A schema for estimating absorbed dose to organs following the administration of radionuclides with multiple unstable daughters: a matrix approach. Med Phys 1999; 26:2526-8. [PMID: 10619234 DOI: 10.1118/1.598788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The dosimetry of alpha particle emitters requires that all decays, including those of unstable intermediates be included in the calculation. Such calculations are complicated by the potential differential biologic distribution of each of the intermediates. In this work we present a formalism which will account for the known biodistribution factors of the daughters and the resulting effective biodistribution which will depend upon the site at which the parent radionuclide decays. The number of decays or cumulated activity of a daughter radionuclide present in a particular tissue is estimated using a probability matrix which describes the likelihood of daughter decay in a particular tissue as a function of the decay site of the parent. An example of three initial compartments is provided to illustrate the use of this formalism. Such modeling may be used to evaluate the feasibility of using radionuclides whose decay includes alpha-emitting intermediates. Model validation and refinement will require an assessment of the fate of free, alpha-emitting intermediates in various biological milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hamacher
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Deal KA, Davis IA, Mirzadeh S, Kennel SJ, Brechbiel MW. Improved in vivo stability of actinium-225 macrocyclic complexes. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2988-92. [PMID: 10425108 DOI: 10.1021/jm990141f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The favorable nuclear properties of actinium-225 ((225)Ac) have led to proposal of this isotope for use in radioimmunotherapy. In an effort to reduce the toxicity of free (225)Ac, a series of ligands were evaluated for stability in vivo. Loss of (225)Ac from acyclic chelating agents resulted in high liver uptake and poor whole body clearance. The macrocyclic ligands c-DOTA, PEPA, and HEHA were evaluated, and (225)Ac-HEHA showed exceptional stability in vivo. (225)Ac chelated with EDTA, DTPA, DOTA, or PEPA permitted substantial accumulation of the radionuclide to the liver, while the (225)Ac-HEHA complex was essentially excreted within minutes of administration. The preparation of the ligands and radiolabeled complexes and the biodistribution results will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Deal
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3B69, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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