1
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Bobba KN, Bidkar AP, Wadhwa A, Meher N, Drona S, Sorlin AM, Bidlingmaier S, Zhang L, Wilson DM, Chan E, Greenland NY, Aggarwal R, VanBrocklin HF, He J, Chou J, Seo Y, Liu B, Flavell RR. Development of CD46 targeted alpha theranostics in prostate cancer using 134Ce/ 225Ac-Macropa-PEG 4-YS5. Theranostics 2024; 14:1344-1360. [PMID: 38389832 PMCID: PMC10879874 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: 225Ac, a long-lived α-emitter with a half-life of 9.92 days, has garnered significant attention as a therapeutic radionuclide when coupled with monoclonal antibodies and other targeting vectors. Nevertheless, its clinical utility has been hampered by potential off-target toxicity, a lack of optimized chelators for 225Ac, and limitations in radiolabeling methods. In a prior study evaluating the effectiveness of CD46-targeted radioimmunotherapy, we found great therapeutic efficacy but also significant toxicity at higher doses. To address these challenges, we have developed a radioimmunoconjugate called 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5, incorporating a stable PEGylated linker to maximize tumoral uptake and increase tumor-to-background ratios. Our research demonstrates that this conjugate exhibits greater anti-tumor efficacy while minimizing toxicity in prostate cancer 22Rv1 tumors. Methods: We synthesized Macropa.NCS and Macropa-PEG4/8-TFP esters and prepared Macropa-PEG0/4/8-YS5 (with nearly ~1:1 ratio of macropa chelator to antibody YS5) as well as DOTA-YS5 conjugates. These conjugates were then radiolabeled with 225Ac in a 2 M NH4OAc solution at 30 °C, followed by purification using YM30K centrifugal purification. Subsequently, we conducted biodistribution studies and evaluated antitumor activity in nude mice (nu/nu) bearing prostate 22Rv1 xenografts in both single-dose and fractionated dosing studies. Micro-PET imaging studies were performed with 134Ce-Macropa-PEG0/4/8-YS5 in 22Rv1 xenografts for 7 days. Toxicity studies were also performed in healthy athymic nude mice. Results: As expected, we achieved a >95% radiochemical yield when labeling Macropa-PEG0/4/8-YS5 with 225Ac, regardless of the chelator ratios (ranging from 1 to 7.76 per YS5 antibody). The isolated yield exceeded 60% after purification. Such high conversions were not observed with the DOTA-YS5 conjugate, even at a higher ratio of 8.5 chelators per antibody (RCY of 83%, an isolated yield of 40%). Biodistribution analysis at 7 days post-injection revealed higher tumor uptake for the 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 (82.82 ± 38.27 %ID/g) compared to other conjugates, namely 225Ac-Macropa-PEG0/8-YS5 (38.2 ± 14.4/36.39 ± 12.4 %ID/g) and 225Ac-DOTA-YS5 (29.35 ± 7.76 %ID/g). The PET Imaging of 134Ce-Macropa-PEG0/4/8-YS5 conjugates resulted in a high tumor uptake, and tumor to background ratios. In terms of antitumor activity, 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 exhibited a substantial response, leading to prolonged survival compared to 225Ac-DOTA-YS5, particularly when administered at 4.625 kBq doses, in single or fractionated dose regimens. Chronic toxicity studies observed mild to moderate renal toxicity at 4.625 and 9.25 kBq doses. Conclusions: Our study highlights the promise of 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 for targeted alpha particle therapy. The 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 conjugate demonstrates improved biodistribution, reduced off-target binding, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, particularly at lower doses, compared to 225Ac-DOTA-YS5. Incorporating theranostic 134Ce PET imaging further enhances the versatility of macropa-PEG conjugates, offering a more effective and safer approach to cancer treatment. Overall, this methodology has a high potential for broader clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Anil P. Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Suchi Drona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Nancy Y. Greenland
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, United States
| | - Jonathan Chou
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
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Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Kadonaga Y, Watabe T, Ooe K, Yin X, Haba H, Shirasaki K, Kikunaga H, Tsukada K, Toyoshima A, Cardinale J, Giesel FL, Fukase K. Comparison of Nuclear Medicine Therapeutics Targeting PSMA among Alpha-Emitting Nuclides. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:933. [PMID: 38256007 PMCID: PMC10815831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a new therapy involving the administration of a therapeutic drug that combines a substance of α-emitting nuclides that kill cancer cells and a drug that selectively accumulates in cancer cells. It is known to be effective against cancers that are difficult to treat with existing methods, such as cancer cells that are widely spread throughout the whole body, and there are high expectations for its early clinical implementation. The nuclides for TAT, including 149Tb, 211At, 212/213Bi, 212Pb (for 212Bi), 223Ra, 225Ac, 226/227Th, and 230U, are known. However, some nuclides encounter problems with labeling methods and lack sufficient preclinical and clinical data. We labeled the compounds targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with 211At and 225Ac. PSMA is a molecule that has attracted attention as a theranostic target for prostate cancer, and several targeted radioligands have already shown therapeutic effects in patients. The results showed that 211At, which has a much shorter half-life, is no less cytotoxic than 225Ac. In 211At labeling, our group has also developed an original method (Shirakami Reaction). We have succeeded in obtaining a highly purified labeled product in a short timeframe using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Laboratory of Radiation Biological Chemistry, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
- MS-CORE, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.W.); (K.O.); (A.T.); (K.F.)
- Department of Science, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shirakami
- MS-CORE, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.W.); (K.O.); (A.T.); (K.F.)
- Department of Science, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kadonaga
- MS-CORE, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.W.); (K.O.); (A.T.); (K.F.)
- Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- MS-CORE, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.W.); (K.O.); (A.T.); (K.F.)
- Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- MS-CORE, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.W.); (K.O.); (A.T.); (K.F.)
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Xiaojie Yin
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Nuclear Chemistry Group, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (X.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Nuclear Chemistry Group, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (X.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Kenji Shirasaki
- Laboratory of Alpha-Ray Emitters, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Kikunaga
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan;
| | - Kazuaki Tsukada
- Research Group of Heavy Element Nuclear Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun 319-1195, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- MS-CORE, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.W.); (K.O.); (A.T.); (K.F.)
- Department of Science, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jens Cardinale
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.C.); (F.L.G.)
| | - Frederik L. Giesel
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.C.); (F.L.G.)
| | - Koichi Fukase
- MS-CORE, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.W.); (K.O.); (A.T.); (K.F.)
- Department of Science, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
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Miederer M, Benešová-Schäfer M, Mamat C, Kästner D, Pretze M, Michler E, Brogsitter C, Kotzerke J, Kopka K, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:76. [PMID: 38256909 PMCID: PMC10821197 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of radionuclides for targeted endoradiotherapy is a rapidly growing field in oncology. In particular, the focus on the biological effects of different radiation qualities is an important factor in understanding and implementing new therapies. Together with the combined approach of imaging and therapy, therapeutic nuclear medicine has recently made great progress. A particular area of research is the use of alpha-emitting radionuclides, which have unique physical properties associated with outstanding advantages, e.g., for single tumor cell targeting. Here, recent results and open questions regarding the production of alpha-emitting isotopes as well as their chemical combination with carrier molecules and clinical experience from compassionate use reports and clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Miederer
- Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Benešová-Schäfer
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kästner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Marc Pretze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Enrico Michler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Brogsitter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Michael R. McDevitt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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4
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Ocampo-García B, Cruz-Nova P, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Luna-Gutiérrez M, Oros-Pantoja R, Lara-Almazán N, Pérez-Velasco D, Santos-Cuevas C, Ferro-Flores G. 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD for Alpha-Therapy Dual Targeting of Stromal/Tumor Cell PSMA and Integrins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16553. [PMID: 38068876 PMCID: PMC10705946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMAs) are frequently overexpressed in both tumor stromal endothelial cells and malignant cells (stromal/tumor cells) of various cancers. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide sequence can specifically detect integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to preclinically evaluate the cytotoxicity, biokinetics, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD to determine its potential as an improved radiopharmaceutical for alpha therapy compared with the 225Ac-iPSMA and 225Ac-RGD monomers. HEHA-HYNIC-iPSMA-RGD (iPSMA-RGD) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, and UPLC mass spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD was assessed in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Biodistribution, biokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated in nude mice with induced HCT116 tumors. In vitro results showed increased DNA double-strand breaks through ROS generation, cell apoptosis, and death in HCT116 cells treated with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD. The results also demonstrated in vivo cytotoxicity in cancer cells after treatment with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD and biokinetic and dosimetric properties suitable for alpha therapy, delivering ablative radiation doses up to 237 Gy/3.7 kBq to HCT116 tumors in mice. Given the phenotype of HCT116 cancer cells, the results of this study warrant further dosimetric and clinical studies to determine the potential of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Pedro Cruz-Nova
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | | | - Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | | | - Nancy Lara-Almazán
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Diana Pérez-Velasco
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Mexico;
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
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Nelson BJB, Wilson J, Andersson JD, Wuest F. Theranostic Imaging Surrogates for Targeted Alpha Therapy: Progress in Production, Purification, and Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1622. [PMID: 38004486 PMCID: PMC10674391 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article highlights recent developments of SPECT and PET diagnostic imaging surrogates for targeted alpha particle therapy (TAT) radiopharmaceuticals. It outlines the rationale for using imaging surrogates to improve diagnostic-scan accuracy and facilitate research, and the properties an imaging-surrogate candidate should possess. It evaluates the strengths and limitations of each potential imaging surrogate. Thirteen surrogates for TAT are explored: 133La, 132La, 134Ce/134La, and 226Ac for 225Ac TAT; 203Pb for 212Pb TAT; 131Ba for 223Ra and 224Ra TAT; 123I, 124I, 131I and 209At for 211At TAT; 134Ce/134La for 227Th TAT; and 155Tb and 152Tb for 149Tb TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J. B. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
| | - John Wilson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
| | - Jan D. Andersson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
- Edmonton Radiopharmaceutical Center, Alberta Health Services, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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Ondrák L, Ondrák Fialová K, Vlk M, Štamberg K, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Kozempel J. α-Zirconium(IV) Phosphate: Static Study of 225Ac Sorption in an Acidic Environment and Its Kinetic Sorption Study Using natEu as a Model System for 225Ac. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5732. [PMID: 37687424 PMCID: PMC10488901 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium phosphate (ZrP), especially its alpha allotropic modification, appears to be a very promising sorbent material for the sorption and separation of various radionuclides due to its properties such as an extremely high ion exchange capacity and good radiation stability. Actinium-225 and its daughter nuclide 213Bi are alpha emitting radioisotopes of high interest for application in targeted alpha therapy of cancer. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to study the sorption of 225Ac on the α-ZrP surface and its kinetics, while the kinetics of the sorption is studied using natEu as a non-radioactive homologue of 225Ac. The sorption properties of α-ZrP were tested in an acidic environment (hydrochloric and nitric acid) using batch sorption experiments and characterized using equilibrium weight distribution coefficients Dw (mL/g). The modeling of the experimental data shows that the kinetics of 225Ac sorption on the surface of α-ZrP can be described using a film diffusion model (FD). The equilibrium weight distribution coefficient Dw for 225Ac in both hydrochloric and nitric acid reached the highest values in the concentration range 5.0-7.5 mM (14,303 ± 153 and 65,272 ± 612 mL/g, respectively). Considering the results obtained in radioactive static sorption experiments with 225Ac and in non-radioactive kinetic experiments with natEu, α-ZrP seems to be a very promising material for further construction of a 225Ac/213Bi generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Ondrák
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Ondrák Fialová
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Štamberg
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Ján Kozempel
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
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Luna-Gutiérrez M, Cruz-Nova P, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Oros-Pantoja R, Lara-Almazán N, Santos-Cuevas C, Azorín-Vega E, Ocampo-García B, Ferro-Flores G. Synthesis and Evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i as Potential Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Microenvironment-Targeted Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12382. [PMID: 37569758 PMCID: PMC10418980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cancer therapies focus on reducing immunosuppression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment to inhibit metastasis, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is expressed on immune T cells and is one of the so-called checkpoint proteins that can suppress or stop the immune response. To evade the immune system, cancer cells overexpress a PD-1 inhibitor protein (PD-L1), which binds to the surface of T cells to activate signaling pathways that induce immune suppression. This research aimed to synthesize PD-L1 inhibitory peptides (PD-L1-i) labeled with lutetium-177 (177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i) and actinium-225 (225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i) and to preclinically evaluate their potential as radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy at the tumor microenvironment level. Using PD-L1-i peptide as starting material, conjugation with HEHA-benzene-SCN and DOTA-benzene-SCN was performed to yield DOTA-PD-L1-i and HEHA-PD-L1-I, which were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and HPLC. After labeling the conjugates with 225Ac and 177Lu, cellular uptake in HCC827 cancer cells (PD-L1 positive), conjugate specificity evaluation by immunofluorescence, radiotracer effect on cell viability, biodistribution, biokinetics, and assessment of radiation absorbed dose in mice with in duced lung micrometastases were performed. 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i and 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, obtained with radiochemical purities of 95 ± 3% and 98.5 ± 0.5%, respectively, showed in vitro and in vivo specific recognition for the PD-L1 protein in lung cancer cells and high uptake in HCC287 lung micrometastases (>30% ID). The biokinetic profiles of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i showed rapid blood clearance with renal and hepatobiliary elimination and no accumulation in normal tissues. 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i produced a radiation dose of 5.15 mGy/MBq to lung micrometastases. In the case of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, the radiation dose delivered to the lung micrometastases was ten times (43 mGy/MBq) that delivered to the kidneys (4.20 mGy/MBq) and fifty times that delivered to the liver (0.85 mGy/MBq). Therefore, the radiotherapeutic PD-L1-i ligands of 225Ac and 177Lu developed in this research could be combined with immunotherapy to enhance the therapeutic effect in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Pedro Cruz-Nova
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | | | | | - Nancy Lara-Almazán
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Erika Azorín-Vega
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
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8
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Jang A, Kendi AT, Johnson GB, Halfdanarson TR, Sartor O. Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy: A Review of Current Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11626. [PMID: 37511386 PMCID: PMC10380274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are rapidly developing as a field, with the successful use of targeted beta emitters in neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer serving as catalysts. Targeted alpha emitters are in current development for several potential oncologic indications. Herein, we review the three most prevalently studied conjugated/chelated alpha emitters (225actinium, 212lead, and 211astatine) and focus on contemporary clinical trials in an effort to more fully appreciate the breadth of the current evaluation. Phase I trials targeting multiple diseases are now underway, and at least one phase III trial (in selected neuroendocrine cancers) is currently in the initial stages of recruitment. Combination trials are now also emerging as alpha emitters are integrated with other therapies in an effort to create solutions for those with advanced cancers. Despite the promise of targeted alpha therapies, many challenges remain. These challenges include the development of reliable supply chains, the need for a better understanding of the relationships between administered dose and absorbed dose in both tissue and tumor and how that predicts outcomes, and the incomplete understanding of potential long-term deleterious effects of the alpha emitters. Progress on multiple fronts is necessary to bring the potential of targeted alpha therapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ayse T Kendi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Geoffrey B Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Oliver Sartor
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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9
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Mdanda S, Ngema LM, Mdlophane A, Sathekge MM, Zeevaart JR. Recent Innovations and Nano-Delivery of Actinium-225: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1719. [PMID: 37376167 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The actinium-225 (225Ac) radioisotope exhibits highly attractive nuclear properties for application in radionuclide therapy. However, the 225Ac radionuclide presents multiple daughter nuclides in its decay chain, which can escape the targeted site, circulate in plasma, and cause toxicity in areas such as kidneys and renal tissues. Several ameliorative strategies have been devised to circumvent this issue, including nano-delivery. Alpha-emitting radionuclides and nanotechnology applications in nuclear medicine have culminated in major advancements that offer promising therapeutic possibilities for treating several cancers. Accordingly, the importance of nanomaterials in retaining the 225Ac daughters from recoiling into unintended organs has been established. This review expounds on the advancements of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) as an alternative anticancer treatment. It discusses the recent developments in the preclinical and clinical investigations on 225Ac as a prospective anticancer agent. Moreover, the rationale for using nanomaterials in improving the therapeutic efficacy of α-particles in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) with an emphasis on 225Ac is discussed. Quality control measures in the preparation of 225Ac-conjugates are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipho Mdanda
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle M Ngema
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform (WADDP) Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Amanda Mdlophane
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Hartbeespoort 0240, South Africa
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10
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Ertveldt T, Krasniqi A, Ceuppens H, Puttemans J, Dekempeneer Y, De Jonghe K, de Mey W, Lecocq Q, De Vlaeminck Y, Awad RM, Goyvaerts C, De Veirman K, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Keyaerts M, Devoogdt N, D'Huyvetter M, Breckpot K. Targeted α-Therapy Using 225Ac Radiolabeled Single-Domain Antibodies Induces Antigen-Specific Immune Responses and Instills Immunomodulation Both Systemically and at the Tumor Microenvironment. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:751-758. [PMID: 37055223 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) using targeting moieties labeled with α-particle-emitting radionuclides (α-TRT) is an intensely investigated treatment approach as the short range of α-particles allows effective treatment of local lesions and micrometastases. However, profound assessment of the immunomodulatory effect of α-TRT is lacking in literature. Methods: Using flow cytometry of tumors, splenocyte restimulation, and multiplex analysis of blood serum, we studied immunologic responses ensuing from TRT with an antihuman CD20 single-domain antibody radiolabeled with 225Ac in a human CD20 and ovalbumin expressing B16-melanoma model. Results: Tumor growth was delayed with α-TRT and increased blood levels of various cytokines such as interferon-γ, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Peripheral antitumoral T-cell responses were detected on α-TRT. At the tumor site, α-TRT modulated the cold tumor microenvironment (TME) to a more hospitable and hot habitat for antitumoral immune cells, characterized by a decrease in protumoral alternatively activated macrophages and an increase in antitumoral macrophages and dendritic cells. We also showed that α-TRT increased the percentage of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive (PD-L1pos) immune cells in the TME. To circumvent this immunosuppressive countermeasure we applied immune checkpoint blockade of the programmed cell death protein 1-PD-L1 axis. Combination of α-TRT with PD-L1 blockade potentiated the therapeutic effect, however, the combination aggravated adverse events. A long-term toxicity study revealed severe kidney damage ensuing from α-TRT. Conclusion: These data suggest that α-TRT alters the TME and induces systemic antitumoral immune responses, which explains why immune checkpoint blockade enhances the therapeutic effect of α-TRT. However, further optimization is warranted to avoid adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ertveldt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmet Krasniqi
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Ceuppens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janik Puttemans
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yana Dekempeneer
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Jonghe
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wout de Mey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Lecocq
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick De Vlaeminck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Maximilian Awad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe Institut, Germany; and
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe Institut, Germany; and
| | - Marleen Keyaerts
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
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11
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Longtine MS, Shim K, Hoegger MJ, Abou DS, Thorek DLJ, Wahl RL. Cure of Disseminated Human Lymphoma with [ 225Ac]Ac-Ofatumumab in a Preclinical Model. J Nucl Med 2023:jnumed.122.265167. [PMID: 37024304 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies that target the CD20 protein expressed on most non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells have improved clinical outcomes, but relapse is common. We prepared 225Ac-labeled anti-CD20 ofatumumab and evaluated its in vitro characteristics and therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of disseminated human lymphoma. Methods: 225Ac was chelated by DOTA-ofatumumab, and radiochemical yield, purity, immunoreactivity, stability, and chelate number were determined. In vitro cell killing of CD20-positive, human B-cell lymphoma Raji-Luc cells was assayed. Biodistribution was determined as percentage injected activity per gram (%IA/g) in mice with subcutaneous Raji-cell tumors (n = 4). [225Ac]Ac-ofatumumab biodistribution in C57BL/6N mice was performed to estimate projected human dosimetry. Therapeutic efficacy was tested in mice with systemically disseminated Raji-Luc cells, tracking survival, bioluminescence, and animal weight for a targeted 200 d, with single-dose therapy initiated 8, 12, or 16 d after cell injection, comparing no treatment, ofatumumab, and low (3.7 kBq/mouse) and high (9.25 kBq/mouse) doses of [225Ac]Ac- IgG and [225Ac]Ac-ofatumumab (n = 8-10/cohort). Results: Radiochemical yield and purity were 32% ± 9% and more than 95%, respectively. Specific activity wasmore than 5MBq/mg. Immunoreactivity was preserved, and more than 90% of the 225Ac remained chelated after 10 d in serum. Raji-Luc cell killing in vitro was significant, specific, and dose-dependent. In tumor-bearing mice, [225Ac]Ac-ofatumumab displayed low liver (7 %IA/g) and high tumor (28 %IA/g) uptake. Dosimetry estimates indicated that bone marrow is likely the dose-limiting organ.When therapy was initiated 8 d after cell injection, untreated mice and mice treated with cold ofatumumab or low- or high-dose [225Ac]Ac-IgG showed indistinguishable median survivals of 20-24 d, with extensive cancer-cell burden before death. Low- and high-dose [225Ac]Ac-ofatumumab profoundly (P < 0.05) extended median survival to 190 d and more than 200 d (median not determinable), with 5 and 9 of 10 mice, respectively, surviving at study termination with no detectable cancer cells. Surviving mice treated with high-dose [225Ac]Ac-ofatumumab showed reduced weight gain versus naïve mice. When therapy was initiated 12 d, but not 16 d, after cell injection, high-dose [225Ac]Ac-ofatumumab significantly extended median survival to 40 d but was not curative. Conclusion: In an aggressive disseminated tumor model, [225Ac]Ac-ofatumumab was effective at cancer-cell killing and curative when administered 8 d after cell injection. [225Ac]Ac-ofatumumab has substantial potential for clinical translation as a next-generation therapeutic for treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Longtine
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Mark J Hoegger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Diane S Abou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
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12
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Rubira L, Deshayes E, Santoro L, Kotzki PO, Fersing C. 225Ac-Labeled Somatostatin Analogs in the Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors: From Radiochemistry to Clinic. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041051. [PMID: 37111537 PMCID: PMC10146019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) represents a major therapeutic breakthrough in nuclear medicine, particularly since the introduction of 177Lu-radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. These radiopharmaceuticals have especially improved progression-free survival and quality of life in patients with inoperable metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors. In the case of aggressive or resistant disease, the use of somatostatin derivatives radiolabeled with an alpha-emitter could provide a promising alternative. Among the currently available alpha-emitting radioelements, actinium-225 has emerged as the most suitable candidate, especially regarding its physical and radiochemical properties. Nevertheless, preclinical and clinical studies on these radiopharmaceuticals are still few and heterogeneous, despite the growing momentum for their future use on a larger scale. In this context, this report provides a comprehensive and extensive overview of the development of 225Ac-labeled somatostatin analogs; particular emphasis is placed on the challenges associated with the production of 225Ac, its physical and radiochemical properties, as well as the place of 225Ac-DOTATOC and 225Ac-DOTATATE in the management of patients with advanced metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Lore Santoro
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Kotzki
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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13
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Bruland ØS, Larsen RH, Baum RP, Juzeniene A. Editorial: Targeted alpha particle therapy in oncology. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1165747. [PMID: 36960341 PMCID: PMC10029265 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1165747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Sverre Bruland
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Richard Paul Baum
- Curanosticum Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Asta Juzeniene
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14
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Pallares RM, Abergel RJ. Development of radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy: Where do we stand? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1020188. [PMID: 36619636 PMCID: PMC9812962 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy is an oncological treatment, where cytotoxic doses of alpha radiation are locally delivered to tumor cells, while the surrounding healthy tissue is minimally affected. This therapeutic strategy relies on radiopharmaceuticals made of medically relevant radionuclides chelated by ligands, and conjugated to targeting vectors, which promote the drug accumulation in tumor sites. This review discusses the state-of-the-art in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy, breaking down their key structural components, such as radioisotope, targeting vector, and delivery formulation, and analyzing their pros and cons. Moreover, we discuss current drawbacks that are holding back targeted alpha therapy in the clinic, and identify ongoing strategies in field to overcome those issues, including radioisotope encapsulation in nanoformulations to prevent the release of the daughters. Lastly, we critically discuss potential opportunities the field holds, which may contribute to targeted alpha therapy becoming a gold standard treatment in oncology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M. Pallares
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Abergel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States,Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Rebecca J. Abergel,
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15
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Shi M, Jakobsson V, Greifenstein L, Khong PL, Chen X, Baum RP, Zhang J. Alpha-peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using actinium-225 labeled somatostatin receptor agonists and antagonists. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1034315. [PMID: 36569154 PMCID: PMC9767967 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1034315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has over the last two decades emerged as a very promising approach to treat neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with rapidly expanding clinical applications. By chelating a radiometal to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligand, radiation can be delivered to cancer cells with high precision. Unlike conventional external beam radiotherapy, PRRT utilizes primarily β or α radiation derived from nuclear decay, which causes damage to cancer cells in the immediate proximity by irreversible direct or indirect ionization of the cells' DNA, which induces apoptosis. In addition, to avoid damage to surrounding normal cells, PRRT privileges the use of radionuclides that have little penetrating and more energetic (and thus more ionizing) radiations. To date, the most frequently radioisotopes are β- emitters, particularly Yttrium-90 (90Y) and Lutetium-177 (177Lu), labeled SSTR agonists. Current development of SSTR-targeting is triggering the shift from using SSTR agonists to antagonists for PRRT. Furthermore, targeted α-particle therapy (TAT), has attracted special attention for the treatment of tumors and offers an improved therapeutic option for patients resistant to conventional treatments or even beta-irradiation treatment. Due to its short range and high linear energy transfer (LET), α-particles significantly damage the targeted cancer cells while causing minimal cytotoxicity toward surrounding normal tissue. Actinium-225 (225Ac) has been developed into potent targeting drug constructs including somatostatin-receptor-based radiopharmaceuticals and is in early clinical use against multiple neuroendocrine tumor types. In this article, we give a review of preclinical and clinical applications of 225Ac-PRRT in NETs, discuss the strengths and challenges of 225Ac complexes being used in PRRT; and envision the prospect of 225Ac-PRRT as a future alternative in the treatment of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Shi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivianne Jakobsson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Academy for Precision Oncology, International Centers for Precision Oncology (ICPO), Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Lukas Greifenstein
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Pek-Lan Khong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard P. Baum
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Jingjing Zhang,
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Sartor O, Baghian A. Prostate specific membrane antigen binding radiopharmaceuticals: Current data and new concepts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1060922. [PMID: 36561718 PMCID: PMC9763319 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents a validated target for prostate cancer therapeutics. The phase III VISION study with 177lutetium (177Lu)-PSMA-617 represented a pivotal step forward and the FDA has now approved this agent in advanced metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A number of other PSMA targeted radiopharmaceuticals are now under development. Some of these agents are targeted to PSMA via monoclonal antibodies such as J591 and TLX591. Others are targeted to PSMA via small molecules such as PSMA-617, PSMA I&T, MIP-1095, etc. In addition to the use of various ligands, multiple isotopes are now in clinical trials. Beta emitters in development include 177Lu, 131iodide (131I), and 67copper (67Cu). Targeted alpha emitters potentially include 225actinium (225Ac), 227thorium (227Th), and 212lead (212Pb). Phase III trials are underway with both 177Lu-PSMA-617 and 177Lu-PSMA I&T in mCRPC. Single dose phase I trials are complete with 225Ac-J591 but additional data are need to launch a phase III. Data are promising with 225Ac-PSMA-617 but concerns remain over salivary and renal toxicity. Tandem therapies are also considered combining both beta and alpha-targeted therapy. Taken together the field of PSMA targeted radiopharmaceuticals is rapidly developing. The targeted alpha therapies are particularly promising and several developmental paths forward are being considered in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Sartor
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States,Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States,*Correspondence: Oliver Sartor,
| | - Ali Baghian
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Busslinger SD, Tschan VJ, Richard OK, Talip Z, Schibli R, Müller C. [(225)Ac]Ac-SibuDAB for Targeted Alpha Therapy of Prostate Cancer: Preclinical Evaluation and Comparison with [(225)Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36428743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, SibuDAB, an albumin-binding PSMA ligand, was investigated in combination with actinium-225 and the data were compared with those of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. In vitro, [225Ac]Ac-SibuDAB and [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617 showed similar tumor cell uptake and PSMA-binding affinities as their 177Lu-labeled counterparts. The in vitro binding to serum albumin in mouse and human blood plasma, respectively, was 2.8-fold and 1.4-fold increased for [225Ac]Ac-SibuDAB as compared to [177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB. In vivo, this characteristic was reflected by the longer retention of [225Ac]Ac-SibuDAB in the blood than previously seen for [177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB. Similar to [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617, [225Ac]Ac-SibuDAB was well tolerated at 30 kBq per mouse. Differences in blood cell counts were observed between treated mice and untreated controls, but no major variations were observed between values obtained for [225Ac]Ac-SibuDAB and [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. [225Ac]Ac-SibuDAB was considerably more effective to treat PSMA-positive tumor xenografts than [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. Only 5 kBq per mouse were sufficient to eradicate the tumors, whereas tumor regrowth was observed for mice treated with 5 kBq [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617 and only one out of six mice survived until the end of the study. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy of [225Ac]Ac-SibuDAB as compared to that of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617 and reasonable safety data qualify this novel radioligand as a candidate for targeted α-therapy of prostate cancer.
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Caravaca J, Huh Y, Gullberg GT, Seo Y. Compton and proximity imaging of 225Ac in vivo with a CZT gamma camera: a proof of principle with simulations. IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci 2022; 6:904-915. [PMID: 36338821 PMCID: PMC9632644 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2022.3166116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of 225Ac is a major challenge in the development of targeted alpha therapy radiopharmaceuticals due to the extremely low injected doses. In this paper, we present the design of a multi-modality gamma camera that integrates both proximity and Compton imaging in order to achieve the demanding sensitivities required to image 225Ac with good image quality. We consider a dual-head camera, each of the heads consisting of two planar cadmium zinc telluride detectors acting as scatterer and absorber for Compton imaging, and with the scatterer practically in contact with the subject to allow for proximity imaging. We optimize the detector's design and characterize the detector's performance using Monte Carlo simulations. We show that Compton imaging can resolve features of up to 1.5 mm for hot rod phantoms with an activity of 1 μCi, and can reconstruct 3D images of a mouse injected with 0.5 μCi after a 15 minutes exposure and with a single bed position, for both 221Fr and 213Bi. Proximity imaging is able to resolve two 1 mm-radius sources of less than 0.1 μCi separated by 1 cm and at 1 mm from the detector, as well as it can provide planar images of 221Fr and 213Bi biodistributions of the mouse phantom in 5 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caravaca
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging of the University of California San Francisco in San Francisco (CA) USA
| | - Yoonsuk Huh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging of the University of California San Francisco in San Francisco (CA) USA
| | - Grant T Gullberg
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging of the University of California San Francisco in San Francisco (CA) USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging of the University of California San Francisco in San Francisco (CA) USA
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Ling SW, de Blois E, Hooijman E, van der Veldt A, Brabander T. Advances in 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA Radionuclide Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2166. [PMID: 36297601 PMCID: PMC9607057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), the survival benefit of classic treatment options with chemotherapy and drugs targeting androgen signaling is limited. Therefore, beta and alpha radionuclide therapy (RNT) have emerged as novel treatment options for patients with mCRPC. Radioligands target the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) epitopes, which are upregulated up to a thousand times more in prostate cancer cells compared to the cells in normal tissues. For this reason, PSMA is an excellent target for both imaging and therapy. Over the past years, many studies have investigated the treatment effects of lutetium-177 labeled PSMA (177Lu-PSMA) and actinium-225 labeled PSMA (225Ac-PSMA) RNT in patients with mCRPC. While promising results have been achieved, this field is still in development. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the clinical data of 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA RNT in patients with mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wai Ling
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Hooijman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid van der Veldt
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Brabander
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Brühlmann SA, Kreller M, Pietzsch HJ, Kopka K, Mamat C, Walther M, Reissig F. Efficient Production of the PET Radionuclide (133)La for Theranostic Purposes in Targeted Alpha Therapy Using the (134)Ba(p,2n)(133)La Reaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 36297279 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted Alpha Therapy is a research field of highest interest in specialized radionuclide therapy. Over the last decades, several alpha-emitting radionuclides have entered and left research topics towards their clinical translation. Especially, 225Ac provides all necessary physical and chemical properties for a successful clinical application, which has already been shown by [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. While PSMA-617 carries the DOTA moiety as the complexing agent, the chelator macropa as a macrocyclic alternative provides even more beneficial properties regarding labeling and complex stability in vivo. Lanthanum-133 is an excellent positron-emitting diagnostic lanthanide to radiolabel macropa-functionalized therapeutics since 133La forms a perfectly matched theranostic pair of radionuclides with the therapeutic radionuclide 225Ac, which itself can optimally be complexed by macropa as well. 133La was thus produced by cyclotron-based proton irradiation of an enriched 134Ba target. The target (30 mg of [134Ba]BaCO3) was irradiated for 60 min at 22 MeV and 10−15 µA beam current. Irradiation side products in the raw target solution were identified and quantified: 135La (0.4%), 135mBa (0.03%), 133mBa (0.01%), and 133Ba (0.0004%). The subsequent workup and anion-exchange-based product purification process took approx. 30 min and led to a total amount of (1.2−1.8) GBq (decay-corrected to end of bombardment) of 133La, formulated as [133La]LaCl3. After the complete decay of 133La, a remainder of ca. 4 kBq of long-lived 133Ba per 100 MBq of 133La was detected and rated as uncritical regarding personal dose and waste management. Subsequent radiolabeling was successfully performed with previously published macropa-derived PSMA inhibitors at a micromolar range (quantitative labeling at 1 µM) and evaluated by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC analyses. The scale-up to radioactivity amounts that are needed for clinical application purposes would be easy to achieve by increasing target mass, beam current, and irradiation time to produce 133La of high radionuclide purity (>99.5%) regarding labeling properties and side products.
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Merkx RIJ, Rijpkema M, Franssen GM, Kip A, Smeets B, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Yan E, Wheatcroft MP, Oosterwijk E, Mulders PFA, Heskamp S. Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted α-Radionuclide Therapy with 225Ac Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 35631396 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the tumor-targeting properties, therapeutic efficacy, and tolerability of the humanized anti-CAIX antibody (hG250) labeled with either the α-emitter actinium-225 (225Ac) or the β--emitter lutetium-177 (177Lu) in mice. BALB/c nude mice were grafted with human renal cell carcinoma SK-RC-52 cells and intravenously injected with 30 µg [225Ac] Ac-DOTA-hG250 (225Ac-hG250) or 30 µg [177Lu] Lu-DOTA-hG250 (177Lu-hG250), followed by ex vivo biodistribution studies. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in mice receiving 5, 15, and 25 kBq of 225Ac-hG250; 13 MBq of 177Lu-hG250; or no treatment. Tolerability was evaluated in non-tumor-bearing animals. High tumor uptake of both radioimmunoconjugates was observed and increased up to day 7 (212.8 ± 50.2 %IA/g vs. 101.0 ± 18.4 %IA/g for 225Ac-hG250 and 177Lu-hG250, respectively). Survival was significantly prolonged in mice treated with 15 kBq 225Ac-hG250, 25 kBq 225Ac-hG250, and 13 MBq 177Lu-hG250 compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Non-tumor-bearing mice that received single-dose treatment with 15 or 25 kBq 225Ac-hG250 showed weight loss at the end of the experiment (day 126), and immunohistochemical analysis suggested radiation-induced nephrotoxicity. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of CAIX-targeted α-therapy in renal cell carcinoma. Future studies are required to find an optimal balance between therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.
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Hernández-Jiménez T, Ferro-Flores G, Morales-Ávila E, Isaac-Olivé K, Ocampo-García B, Aranda-Lara L, Santos-Cuevas C, Luna-Gutiérrez M, De Nardo L, Rosato A, Meléndez-Alafort L. 225Ac-rHDL Nanoparticles: A Potential Agent for Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy of Tumors Overexpressing SR-BI Proteins. Molecules 2022; 27:2156. [PMID: 35408554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Actinium-225 and other alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides have shown high potential for cancer treatment. Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) specifically recognize the scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) overexpressed in several types of cancer cells. Furthermore, after rHDL-SR-BI recognition, the rHDL content is injected into the cell cytoplasm. This research aimed to prepare a targeted 225Ac-delivering nanosystem by encapsulating the radionuclide into rHDL nanoparticles. The synthesis of rHDL was performed in two steps using the microfluidic synthesis method for the subsequent encapsulation of 225Ac, previously complexed to a lipophilic molecule (225Ac-DOTA-benzene-p-SCN, CLog P = 3.42). The nanosystem (13 nm particle size) showed a radiochemical purity higher than 99% and stability in human serum. In vitro studies in HEP-G2 and PC-3 cancer cells (SR-BI positive) demonstrated that 225Ac was successfully internalized into the cytoplasm of cells, delivering high radiation doses to cell nuclei (107 Gy to PC-3 and 161 Gy to HEP-G2 nuclei at 24 h), resulting in a significant decrease in cell viability down to 3.22 ± 0.72% for the PC-3 and to 1.79 ± 0.23% for HEP-G2 at 192 h after 225Ac-rHDL treatment. After intratumoral 225Ac-rHDL administration in mice bearing HEP-G2 tumors, the biokinetic profile showed significant retention of radioactivity in the tumor masses (90.16 ± 2.52% of the injected activity), which generated ablative radiation doses (649 Gy/MBq). The results demonstrated adequate properties of rHDL as a stable carrier for selective deposition of 225Ac within cancer cells overexpressing SR-BI. The results obtained in this research justify further preclinical studies, designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the 225Ac-rHDL system for targeted alpha-particle therapy of tumors that overexpress the SR-BI receptor.
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Adhikarla V, Awuah D, Brummer AB, Caserta E, Krishnan A, Pichiorri F, Minnix M, Shively JE, Wong JYC, Wang X, Rockne RC. A Mathematical Modeling Approach for Targeted Radionuclide and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Combination Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205171. [PMID: 34680320 PMCID: PMC8533817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and immunotherapy, an example being chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts), represent two potent means of eradicating systemic cancers. Although each one as a monotherapy might have a limited effect, the potency can be increased with a combination of the two therapies. The complications involved in the dosing and scheduling of these therapies make the mathematical modeling of these therapies a suitable solution for designing combination treatment approaches. Here, we investigate a mathematical model for TRT and CAR-T cell combination therapies. Through an analysis of the mathematical model, we find that the tumor proliferation rate is the most important factor affecting the scheduling of TRT and CAR-T cell treatments with faster proliferating tumors requiring a shorter interval between the two therapies. Abstract Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) has recently seen a surge in popularity with the use of radionuclides conjugated to small molecules and antibodies. Similarly, immunotherapy also has shown promising results, an example being chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy in hematologic malignancies. Moreover, TRT and CAR-T therapies possess unique features that require special consideration when determining how to dose as well as the timing and sequence of combination treatments including the distribution of the TRT dose in the body, the decay rate of the radionuclide, and the proliferation and persistence of the CAR-T cells. These characteristics complicate the additive or synergistic effects of combination therapies and warrant a mathematical treatment that includes these dynamics in relation to the proliferation and clearance rates of the target tumor cells. Here, we combine two previously published mathematical models to explore the effects of dose, timing, and sequencing of TRT and CAR-T cell-based therapies in a multiple myeloma setting. We find that, for a fixed TRT and CAR-T cell dose, the tumor proliferation rate is the most important parameter in determining the best timing of TRT and CAR-T therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Dennis Awuah
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.A.); (A.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Alexander B. Brummer
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (E.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.A.); (A.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (E.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Megan Minnix
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.M.); (J.E.S.)
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.M.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Y. C. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.A.); (A.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (R.C.R.)
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Sudo H, Tsuji AB, Sugyo A, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Nagatsu K, Suzuki H, Higashi T. Preclinical Evaluation of Podoplanin-Targeted Alpha-Radioimmunotherapy with the Novel Antibody NZ-16 for Malignant Mesothelioma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102503. [PMID: 34685483 PMCID: PMC8533940 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of advanced mesothelioma is poor. Podoplanin (PDPN) is highly expressed in most malignant mesothelioma. This study aimed to evaluate the potential alpha-radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with a newly developed anti-PDPN antibody, NZ-16, compared with a previous antibody, NZ-12. METHODS The in vitro properties of radiolabeled antibodies were evaluated by cell binding and competitive inhibition assays using PDPN-expressing H226 mesothelioma cells. The biodistribution of 111In-labeled antibodies was studied in tumor-bearing mice. The absorbed doses were estimated based on biodistribution data. Tumor volumes and body weights of mice treated with 90Y- and 225Ac-labeled NZ-16 were measured for 56 days. Histologic analysis was conducted. RESULTS The radiolabeled NZ-16 specifically bound to H226 cells with higher affinity than NZ-12. The biodistribution studies showed higher tumor uptake of radiolabeled NZ-16 compared with NZ-12, providing higher absorbed doses to tumors. RIT with 225Ac- and 90Y-labeled NZ-16 had a significantly higher antitumor effect than RIT with 90Y-labeled NZ-12. 225Ac-labeled NZ-16 induced a larger amount of necrotic change and showed a tendency to suppress tumor volumes and prolonged survival than 90Y-labeled NZ-16. There is no obvious adverse effect. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-RIT with the newly developed NZ-16 is a promising therapeutic option for malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (A.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Atsushi B. Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (A.S.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-382-3704
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (A.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Science, Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (K.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Science, Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (K.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (A.S.); (T.H.)
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Lee DY, Kim YI. Effects of 225Ac-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A meta-analysis. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:840-846. [PMID: 34503960 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), overexpressed in prostate cancer, has become a popular target for radionuclide-based theranostic applications in the advanced stages of prostate cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis of the therapeutic effects of PSMA-targeting alpha therapy [225Ac-PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT)] in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: A systematic search was performed using the keywords "mCRPC," "225Ac-PSMA," and "alpha therapy". Therapeutic responses were analyzed as the pooled proportions of patients with more than 50% of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline and any PSA decline. Survival outcomes were analyzed by estimating summary survival curves for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Adverse events were analyzed as the pooled proportions of patients with xerostomia and severe hematotoxicity (anemia, leukocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia). Results: Nine studies with 263 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled proportions of patients with more than 50% of PSA decline and any PSA decline were 60.99% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.92-66.83%] and 83.57% (95% CI = 78.62-87.77%), respectively. The estimated mean PFS and mean OS were 9.15 months (95% CI = 6.69-11.03 months) and 11.77 months (95% CI = 9.51-13.49 months), respectively. The pooled proportions of patients with adverse events were 62.81% (95% CI = 39.34-83.46%) for xerostomia, 14.39% (95% CI = 7.76-22.63%) for anemia, 4.12% (95% CI = 0.97-9.31%) for leukocytopenia, and 7.18% (95% CI = 2.70-13.57%) for thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: In our study, around 61% of patients had more than 50% of PSA decline and 84% of patients had any PSA decline after 225Ac-PSMA RLT. The common adverse events in 225Ac-PSMA RLT were xerostomia in 63% of patients and severe hematotoxicity in 4-14% of patients.
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Pretze M, Kunkel F, Runge R, Freudenberg R, Braune A, Hartmann H, Schwarz U, Brogsitter C, Kotzerke J. Ac-EAZY! Towards GMP-Compliant Module Syntheses of 225Ac-Labeled Peptides for Clinical Application. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:652. [PMID: 34358076 PMCID: PMC8308848 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of 225Ac (half-life T1/2 = 9.92 d) dramatically reduces the activity used for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy by a factor of 1000 in comparison to 90Y, 177Lu or 188Re while maintaining the therapeutic outcome. Additionally, the range of alpha particles of 225Ac and its daughter nuclides in tissue is much lower (47-85 μm for alpha energies Eα = 5.8-8.4 MeV), which results in a very precise dose deposition within the tumor. DOTA-conjugated commercially available peptides used for endoradiotherapy, which can readily be labeled with 177Lu or 90Y, can also accommodate 225Ac. The benefits are lower doses in normal tissue for the patient, dose reduction of the employees and environment and less shielding material. The low availability of 225Ac activity is preventing its application in clinical practice. Overcoming this barrier would open a broad field of 225Ac therapy. Independent which production pathway of 225Ac proves the most feasible, the use of automated synthesis and feasible and reproducible patient doses are needed. The Modular-Lab EAZY is one example of a GMP-compliant system, and the cassettes used for synthesis are small. Therefore, also the waste after the synthesis can be minimized. In this work, two different automated setups with different purification systems are presented. In its final configuration, three masterbatches were performed on the ML EAZY for DOTA-TATE and PSMA-I&T, respectively, fulfilling all quality criteria with final radiochemical yields of 80-90% for the 225Ac-labeled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pretze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kunkel
- Eckert & Ziegler Eurotope, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Roswitha Runge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Robert Freudenberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Anja Braune
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Holger Hartmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Uwe Schwarz
- Eckert & Ziegler Radiopharma, 38110 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Claudia Brogsitter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
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Eychenne R, Chérel M, Haddad F, Guérard F, Gestin JF. Overview of the Most Promising Radionuclides for Targeted Alpha Therapy: The "Hopeful Eight". Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060906. [PMID: 34207408 PMCID: PMC8234975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all existing radionuclides, only a few are of interest for therapeutic applications and more specifically for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). From this selection, actinium-225, astatine-211, bismuth-212, bismuth-213, lead-212, radium-223, terbium-149 and thorium-227 are considered as the most suitable. Despite common general features, they all have their own physical characteristics that make them singular and so promising for TAT. These radionuclides were largely studied over the last two decades, leading to a better knowledge of their production process and chemical behavior, allowing for an increasing number of biological evaluations. The aim of this review is to summarize the main properties of these eight chosen radionuclides. An overview from their availability to the resulting clinical studies, by way of chemical design and preclinical studies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Eychenne
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Férid Haddad
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Laboratoire Subatech, UMR 6457, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, CNRS, Subatech, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Jean-François Gestin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
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Muslimov AR, Antuganov DO, Tarakanchikova YV, Zhukov MV, Nadporojskii MA, Zyuzin MV, Timin AS. Calcium Carbonate Core-Shell Particles for Incorporation of 225Ac and Their Application in Local α-Radionuclide Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:25599-25610. [PMID: 34028266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actinium-225 (225Ac) radiolabeled submicrometric core-shell particles (SPs) made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) coated with biocompatible polymers [tannic acid-human serum albumin (TA/HSA)] have been developed to improve the efficiency of local α-radionuclide therapy in melanoma models (B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice). The developed 225Ac-SPs possess radiochemical stability and demonstrate effective retention of 225Ac and its daughter isotopes. The SPs have been additionally labeled with zirconium-89 (89Zr) to perform the biodistribution studies using positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET/CT) imaging for 14 days after intratumoral injection. According to the PET/CT analysis, a significant accumulation of 89Zr-SPs in the tumor area is revealed for the whole investigation period, which correlates with the direct radiometry analysis after intratumoral administration of 225Ac-SPs. The histological analysis has revealed no abnormal changes in healthy tissue organs after treatment with 225Ac-SPs (e.g., no acute pathologic findings are detected in the liver and kidneys). At the same time, the inhibition of tumor growth has been observed as compared with control samples [nonradiolabeled SPs and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)]. The treatment of mice with 225Ac-SPs has resulted in prolonged survival compared to the control samples. Thus, our study validates the application of 225Ac-doped core-shell submicron CaCO3 particles for local α-radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert R Muslimov
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, St. Petersburg Academic University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii O Antuganov
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yana V Tarakanchikova
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, St. Petersburg Academic University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zhukov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michail A Nadporojskii
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Hooijman EL, Chalashkan Y, Ling SW, Kahyargil FF, Segbers M, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Seimbille Y, Koolen SLW, Brabander T, de Blois E. Development of [ 225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T for Targeted Alpha Therapy According to GMP Guidelines for Treatment of mCRPC. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050715. [PMID: 34068206 PMCID: PMC8153125 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, promising results of the antitumor effects were observed in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with 177Lu-labeled PSMA-ligands. Radionuclide therapy efficacy may even be improved by using the alpha emitter Ac-225. Higher efficacy is claimed due to high linear energy transfer specifically towards PSMA positive cells, causing more double-strand breaks. This study aims to manufacture [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T according to good manufacturing practice guidelines for the translation of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T into a clinical phase 1 dose escalation study. Quencher addition during labeling was investigated. Quality control of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T was based on measurement of Fr-221 (218 keV), in equilibrium with Ac-225 in approximately six half-lives of Fr-221 (T½ = 4.8 min). Radio-(i)TLC methods were utilized for identification of the different radiochemical forms, gamma counter for concentration determination, and HPGe-detector for the detection of the radiochemical yield. Radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC. The final patient dose was prepared and diluted with an optimized concentration of quenchers as during labeling, with an activity of 8–12 MBq (±5%), pH > 5.5, 100 ± 20 μg/dose, PSMA-I&T, radiochemical yield >95%, radiochemical purity >90% (up to 3 h), endotoxin levels of <5 EU/mL, osmolarity of 2100 mOsmol, and is produced according to current guidelines. The start of the phase I dose escalation study is planned in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline L. Hooijman
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Pharmacy, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yozlem Chalashkan
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Sui Wai Ling
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Figen F. Kahyargil
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Pharmacy, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Segbers
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (F.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (F.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Division of Life Sciences, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stijn L. W. Koolen
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Pharmacy, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Brabander
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Erik de Blois
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-107035317
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30
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Reissig F, Bauer D, Zarschler K, Novy Z, Bendova K, Ludik MC, Kopka K, Pietzsch HJ, Petrik M, Mamat C. Towards Targeted Alpha Therapy with Actinium-225: Chelators for Mild Condition Radiolabeling and Targeting PSMA-A Proof of Concept Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1974. [PMID: 33923965 PMCID: PMC8073976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, targeted alpha therapy is one of the most investigated topics in radiopharmaceutical cancer management. Especially, the alpha emitter 225Ac has excellent nuclear properties and is gaining increasing popularity for the treatment of various tumor entities. We herein report on the synthesis of two universal 225Ac-chelators for mild condition radiolabeling and binding to conjugate molecules of pharmacological interest via the copper-mediated click chemistry. A convenient radiolabeling procedure was investigated as well as the complex stability proved for both chelators and two PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)-targeting model radioconjugates. Studies regarding affinity and cell survival were performed on LNCaP cells followed by biodistribution studies, which were performed using LNCaP tumor-bearing mice. High efficiency radiolabeling for all conjugates was demonstrated. Cell binding studies revealed a fourfold lower cell affinity for the PSMA radioconjugate with one targeting motif compared to the radioconjugate owing two targeting motifs. Additionally, these differences were verified by in vitro cell survival evaluation and biodistribution studies, both showing a higher cell killing efficiency for the same dose, a higher tumor uptake (15%ID/g) and a rapid whole body clearance after 24 h. The synthesized chelators will overcome obstacles of lacking stability and worse labeling needs regarding 225Ac complexation using the DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid) chelator. Moreover, the universal functionalization expands the coverage of these chelators in combination with any sensitive bio(macro)molecule, thus improving treatment of any addressable tumor target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.-C.L.); (K.K.); (H.-J.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Bauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.-C.L.); (K.K.); (H.-J.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.-C.L.); (K.K.); (H.-J.P.)
| | - Zbynek Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.N.); (K.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Katerina Bendova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.N.); (K.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Marie-Charlotte Ludik
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.-C.L.); (K.K.); (H.-J.P.)
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.-C.L.); (K.K.); (H.-J.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.-C.L.); (K.K.); (H.-J.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.N.); (K.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.-C.L.); (K.K.); (H.-J.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Patel CM, Wadas TJ, Shiozawa Y. Progress in Targeted Alpha-Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Treatments for Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases. Molecules 2021; 26:2162. [PMID: 33918705 PMCID: PMC8070008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis remains a major cause of death in cancer patients, and current therapies for bone metastatic disease are mainly palliative. Bone metastases arise after cancer cells have colonized the bone and co-opted the normal bone remodeling process. In addition to bone-targeted therapies (e.g., bisphosphonate and denosumab), hormone therapy, chemotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and surgical intervention, attempts have been made to use systemic radiotherapy as a means of delivering cytocidal radiation to every bone metastatic lesion. Initially, several bone-seeking beta-minus-particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals were incorporated into the treatment for bone metastases, but they failed to extend the overall survival in patients. However, recent clinical trials indicate that radium-223 dichloride (223RaCl2), an alpha-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical, improves the overall survival of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. This success has renewed interest in targeted alpha-particle therapy development for visceral and bone metastasis. This review will discuss (i) the biology of bone metastasis, especially focusing on the vicious cycle of bone metastasis, (ii) how bone remodeling has been exploited to administer systemic radiotherapies, and (iii) targeted radiotherapy development and progress in the development of targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu M. Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Thaddeus J. Wadas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
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Garnuszek P, Karczmarczyk U, Maurin M, Sikora A, Zaborniak J, Pijarowska-Kruszyna J, Jaroń A, Wyczółkowska M, Wojdowska W, Pawlak D, Lipiński PFJ, Mikołajczak R. PSMA-D4 Radioligand for Targeted Therapy of Prostate Cancer: Synthesis, Characteristics and Preliminary Assessment of Biological Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2731. [PMID: 33800517 PMCID: PMC7962978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new PSMA ligand (PSMA-D4) containing the Glu-CO-Lys pharmacophore connected with a new linker system (L-Trp-4-Amc) and chelator DOTA was developed for radiolabeling with therapeutic radionuclides. Herein we describe the synthesis, radiolabeling, and preliminary biological evaluation of the novel PSMA-D4 ligand. Synthesized PSMA-D4 was characterized using TOF-ESI-MS, NMR, and HPLC methods. The novel compound was subject to molecular modeling with GCP-II to compare its binding mode to analogous reference compounds. The radiolabeling efficiency of PSMA-D4 with 177Lu, 90Y, 47Sc, and 225Ac was chromatographically tested. In vitro studies were carried out in PSMA-positive LNCaP tumor cells membranes. The ex vivo tissue distribution profile of the radioligands and Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) was studied in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice. PSMA-D4 was synthesized in 24% yield and purity >97%. The radio complexes were obtained with high yields (>97%) and molar activity ranging from 0.11 to 17.2 GBq mcmol-1, depending on the radionuclide. In vitro assays confirmed high specific binding and affinity for all radiocomplexes. Biodistribution and imaging studies revealed high accumulation in LNCaP tumor xenografts and rapid clearance of radiocomplexes from blood and non-target tissues. These render PSMA-D4 a promising ligand for targeted therapy of prostate cancer (PCa) metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Garnuszek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Urszula Karczmarczyk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Michał Maurin
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Arkadiusz Sikora
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Justyna Pijarowska-Kruszyna
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Antoni Jaroń
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Monika Wyczółkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Wioletta Wojdowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Piotr F. J. Lipiński
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Renata Mikołajczak
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (J.P.-K.); (A.J.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.P.); (R.M.)
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Nelson BJB, Andersson JD, Wuest F. Targeted Alpha Therapy: Progress in Radionuclide Production, Radiochemistry, and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:49. [PMID: 33396374 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the accomplishments and potential developments of targeted alpha (α) particle therapy (TAT). It discusses the therapeutic advantages of the short and highly ionizing path of α-particle emissions; the ability of TAT to complement and provide superior efficacy over existing forms of radiotherapy; the physical decay properties and radiochemistry of common α-emitters, including 225Ac, 213Bi, 224Ra, 212Pb, 227Th, 223Ra, 211At, and 149Tb; the production techniques and proper handling of α-emitters in a radiopharmacy; recent preclinical developments; ongoing and completed clinical trials; and an outlook on the future of TAT.
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Malo ME, Allen KJH, Jiao R, Frank C, Rickles D, Dadachova E. Mechanistic Insights into Synergy between Melanin-Targeting Radioimmunotherapy and Immunotherapy in Experimental Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8721. [PMID: 33218169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma incidence continues to rise, and while therapeutic approaches for early stage cases are effective, metastatic melanoma continues to be associated with high mortality. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated clinical success with approved drugs in cohorts of patients with metastatic melanoma and targeted radionuclide therapy strategies showed promise in several clinical trials against various cancers including metastatic melanoma. This led our group to investigate the combination of these two treatments which could be potentially offered to patients with metastatic melanoma not responsive to ICB alone. Previously, we have demonstrated that a combination of humanized anti-melanin antibody conjugated to 213Bismuth and anti-PD-1 ICB reduced tumor growth and increased survival in the Cloudman S91 murine melanoma DBA/2 mouse model. In the current study, we sought to improve the tumoricidal effect by using the long-lived radionuclides 177Lutetium and 225Actinium. Male Cloudman S91-bearing DBA/2 mice were treated intraperitoneally with PBS (Sham), unlabeled antibody to melanin, anti-PD-1 ICB, 177Lutetium or 225Actinium RIT, or a combination of ICB and RIT. Treatment with anti-PD-1 alone or low-dose 177Lutetium RIT alone resulted in modest tumor reduction, while their combination significantly reduced tumor growth and increased survival, suggesting synergy. 225Actinium RIT, alone or in combination with ICB, showed no therapeutic benefit, suggesting that the two radionuclides with different energetic properties work in distinct ways. We did not detect an increase in tumor-infiltrating T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which suggests the involvement of alternative mechanisms that improve the effect of combination therapy beyond that observed in the single therapies.
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Qin Y, Imobersteg S, Blanc A, Frank S, Schibli R, Béhé MP, Grzmil M. Evaluation of Actinium-225 Labeled Minigastrin Analogue [ 225Ac]Ac-DOTA-PP-F11N for Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111088. [PMID: 33198403 PMCID: PMC7696055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) in human cancers led to the development of radiolabeled minigastrin analogues for targeted radionuclide therapy, which aims to deliver cytotoxic radiation specifically to cancer cells. Alpha emitters (e.g., actinium-225) possess high potency in cancer cell-killing and hold promise for the treatment of malignant tumors. In these preclinical studies, we developed and evaluated CCKBR-targeted alpha particle therapy. The cellular uptake and cytotoxic effect of actinium-225 labeled and HPLC-purified minigastrin analogue [225Ac]Ac-PP-F11N were characterized in the human squamous cancer A431 cells transfected with CCKBR. Nude mice bearing A431/CCKBR tumors were used for biodistribution and therapy studies followed by histological analysis and SPECT/CT imaging. In vitro, [225Ac]Ac-PP-F11N showed CCKBR-specific and efficient internalization rate and potent cytotoxicity. The biodistribution studies of [225Ac]Ac-PP-F11N revealed CCKBR-specific uptake in tumors, whereas the therapeutic studies demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth and extended mean survival time, without apparent toxicity. The histological analysis of kidney and stomach indicated no severe adverse effects after [225Ac]Ac-PP-F11N administration. The post-therapy SPECT-CT images with [111In]In-PP-F11N confirmed no CCKBR-positive tumor left in the mice with complete remission. In conclusion, our study demonstrates therapeutic efficacy of [225Ac]Ac-PP-F11N without acute radiotoxicity in CCKBR-positive cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qin
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; (Y.Q.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Imobersteg
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; (Y.Q.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Alain Blanc
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; (Y.Q.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; (Y.Q.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin P. Béhé
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; (Y.Q.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.B.); (M.G.); Tel.: +41-56-310-28-57 (M.P.B.); +41-56-310-28-57 (M.G.)
| | - Michal Grzmil
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; (Y.Q.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.B.); (M.G.); Tel.: +41-56-310-28-57 (M.P.B.); +41-56-310-28-57 (M.G.)
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Yang H, Zhang C, Yuan Z, Rodriguez-Rodriguez C, Robertson A, Radchenko V, Perron R, Gendron D, Causey P, Gao F, Bénard F, Schaffer P. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Macrocyclic Actinium-225 Chelator, Quality Control and In Vivo Evaluation of 225 Ac-crown-αMSH Peptide. Chemistry 2020; 26:11435-11440. [PMID: 32588455 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted alpha-therapy (TAT) has great potential for treating a broad range of late-stage cancers by delivering a focused and lethal radiation dose to tumors. Actinium-225 (225 Ac) is an emerging alpha emitter suitable for TAT; however, the availability of chelators for Ac remains limited to a small number of examples (DOTA and macropa). Herein, we report a new Ac macrocyclic chelator named 'crown', which binds quantitatively and rapidly (<10 min) to Ac at ambient temperature. We synthesized 225 Ac-crown-αMSH, a peptide targeting the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), specifically expressed in primary and metastatic melanoma. Biodistribution of 225 Ac-crown-αMSH showed favorable tumor-to-background ratios at 2 h post injection in a preclinical model. In addition, we demonstrated dramatically different biodistrubution patterns of 225 Ac-crown-αMSH when subjected to different latency times before injection. A combined quality control methodology involving HPLC, gamma spectroscopy and radioTLC is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - Zheliang Yuan
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for, Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P.R. China
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for Comparative, Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | | | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Randy Perron
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Denise Gendron
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Patrick Causey
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Feng Gao
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Abstract
α-Emitting radionuclides have been approved for cancer treatment since 2013, with increasing degrees of success. Despite this clinical utility, little is known regarding the mechanisms of action of α particles in this setting, and accurate assessments of the dosimetry underpinning their effectiveness are lacking. However, targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is gaining more attention as new targets, synthetic chemistry approaches, and α particle emitters are identified, constructed, developed, and realized. From a radiobiological perspective, α particles are more effective at killing cells compared to low linear energy transfer radiation. Also, from these direct effects, it is now evident from preclinical and clinical data that α emitters are capable of both producing effects in nonirradiated bystander cells and stimulating the immune system, extending the biological effects of TAT beyond the range of α particles. The short range of α particles makes them a potent tool to irradiate single-cell lesions or treat solid tumors by minimizing unwanted irradiation of normal tissue surrounding the cancer cells, assuming a high specificity of the radiopharmaceutical and good stability of its chemical bonds. Clinical approval of 223RaCl2 in 2013 was a major milestone in the widespread application of TAT as a safe and effective strategy for cancer treatment. In addition, 225Ac-prostate specific membrane antigen treatment benefit in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients, refractory to standard therapies, is another game-changing piece in the short history of TAT clinical application. Clinical applications of TAT are growing with different radionuclides and combination therapies, and in different clinical settings. Despite the remarkable advances in TAT dosimetry and imaging, it has not yet been used to its full potential. Labeled 227Th and 225Ac appear to be promising candidates and could represent the next generation of agents able to extend patient survival in several clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D C Guerra Liberal
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculdade de Ciências e Tenclonogia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joe M O'Sullivan
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Prise
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Salvanou EA, Stellas D, Tsoukalas C, Mavroidi B, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Kalogeropoulos N, Xanthopoulos S, Denat F, Laurent G, Bazzi R, Roux S, Bouziotis P. A Proof-of-Concept Study on the Therapeutic Potential of Au Nanoparticles Radiolabeled with the Alpha-Emitter Actinium-225. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020188. [PMID: 32098286 PMCID: PMC7076693 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinium-225 (225Ac) is receiving increased attention for its application in targeted radionuclide therapy, due to the short range of its emitted alpha particles in conjunction with their high linear energy transfer, which lead to the eradication of tumor cells while sparing neighboring healthy tissue. The objective of our study was the evaluation of a gold nanoparticle radiolabeled with 225Ac as an injectable radiopharmaceutical form of brachytherapy for local radiation treatment of cancer. Au@TADOTAGA was radiolabeled with 225Ac at pH 5.6 (30 min at 70 °C), and in vitro stability was evaluated. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed in U-87 MG cancer cells, and in vivo biodistribution was performed by intravenous and intratumoral administration of [225Ac]225Ac-Au@TADOTAGA in U-87 MG tumor-bearing mice. A preliminary study to assess therapeutic efficacy of the intratumorally-injected radio-nanomedicine was performed over a period of 22 days, while the necrotic effect on tumors was evaluated by a histopathology study. We have shown that [225Ac]225Ac-Au@TADOTAGA resulted in the retardation of tumor growth after its intratumoral injection in U87MG tumor-bearing mice, even though very low activities were injected per mouse. This gold nanoparticle radiopharmaceutical could be applied as an unconventional brachytherapy in injectable form for local radiation treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia-Alexandra Salvanou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.T.); (M.P.-P.); (S.X.)
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Tsoukalas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.T.); (M.P.-P.); (S.X.)
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.T.); (M.P.-P.); (S.X.)
| | | | - Stavros Xanthopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.T.); (M.P.-P.); (S.X.)
| | - Franck Denat
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS-UB, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Gautier Laurent
- Institut UTINAM, UMR 6213 CNRS-UBFC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; (G.L.); (R.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Rana Bazzi
- Institut UTINAM, UMR 6213 CNRS-UBFC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; (G.L.); (R.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Stephane Roux
- Institut UTINAM, UMR 6213 CNRS-UBFC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; (G.L.); (R.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.T.); (M.P.-P.); (S.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-21-0650-3687
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Ferrier MG, Radchenko V. An Appendix of Radionuclides Used in Targeted Alpha Therapy. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019; 50:S58-S65. [PMID: 31427258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryline G Ferrier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Livermore, California, USA.
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F. Development of Targeted Alpha Therapy from Bench to Bedside. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019; 50:S18-S20. [PMID: 31405818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review briefly describes recent promising developments of alpha emitter labelled compounds for targeted alpha therapy of bladder cancer, brain tumours, neuroendocrine tumours, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Bruchertseifer F, Kellerbauer A, Malmbeck R, Morgenstern A. Targeted alpha therapy with bismuth-213 and actinium-225: Meeting future demand. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:794-802. [PMID: 31369165 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. The use of alpha emitters for cancer therapy has two distinct advantages over conventional therapies. The short range of alpha radiation in human tissue (less than 0.1 mm), corresponding to only a few cell diameters, allows selective killing of targeted cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. At the same time, the high energy (several MeV) of alpha radiation and its associated high linear energy transfer leads to highly effective cell kill. Consequently, alpha radiation can destroy cells which otherwise exhibit resistance to treatment with beta or gamma irradiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, and can thus offer a therapeutic option for tumors resistant to conventional therapies. Recent results demonstrating the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of alpha emitters to treat various cancers have underlined the clinical potential of TAT. This paper describes the recent clinical experience with 213 Bi and 225 Ac. In view of the enormous benefit of targeted cancer treatment with alpha emitters, their production will have to be considerably increased beyond current supply capabilities. Alternative production methods based on the irradiation of uranium, thorium, or radium targets at reactors or accelerator facilities have the potential to meet future demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alban Kellerbauer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rikard Malmbeck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Jurcic JG. Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019; 50:S53-S57. [PMID: 31253514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The short range and high linear energy transfer of α-particles offer the potential for efficient tumor killing while sparing surrounding normal cells. Hematologic malignancies are ideally suited to targeted α-therapy because of easy accessibility of malignant cells in blood and bone marrow and their radiosensitivity. METHODS A series of clinical trials were conducted to assess the safety and antileukemic effects of lintuzumab, an anti-CD33 antibody, labeled with the α-emitters bismuth-213 (213Bi) and actinium-225 (225Ac) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RESULTS Initial studies showed that 213Bi-lintuzumab had antileukemic activity and could produce remissions after partial cytoreduction with cytarabine. A phase I trial demonstrated that a single infusion of 225Ac-lintuzumab could be given safely at doses up to 111 kBq/kg with antileukemic activity at all dose levels studied. A second phase I study showed that 28% of older patients with untreated AML had objective responses after receiving fractionated-dose 225Ac-lintuzumab and low-dose cytarabine. A phase II study of 225Ac-lintuzumab monotherapy in this population produced remissions in 69% of patients receiving two fractions of 74 kBq/kg and 22% of patients receiving two 55.5-kBq/kg fractions. CONCLUSIONS Studies with 213Bi-lintuzumab provided proof of principle for systemically administered α-particle therapy. 225Ac-lintuzumab was active against advanced AML and produced remissions in older patients with untreated AML in combination with low-dose cytarabine and as a single agent. These studies provide the rationale for development of 225Ac-lintuzumab in combination with a variety of agents in AML and in other hematologic malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Jurcic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Morgenstern A, Apostolidis C, Kratochwil C, Sathekge M, Krolicki L, Bruchertseifer F. An Overview of Targeted Alpha Therapy with 225Actinium and 213Bismuth. Curr Radiopharm 2019; 11:200-208. [PMID: 29732998 PMCID: PMC6237921 DOI: 10.2174/1874471011666180502104524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent reports of the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of 225Ac-labeled PSMA-617 for therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have under-lined the clinical potential of targeted alpha therapy. Objective and Conclusion: This review describes methods for the production of 225Ac and its daughter nuclide 213Bi and summarizes the current clinical experience with both alpha emitters with particular focus on recent studies of targeted alpha therapy of bladder cancer, brain tu-mors, neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christos Apostolidis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Leszek Krolicki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Harvey JT. NorthStar Perspectives for Actinium-225 Production at Commercial Scale. Curr Radiopharm 2019; 11:180-191. [PMID: 29766832 DOI: 10.2174/1874471011666180515123848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Actinium-225, and its daughter Bismuth-213, have great promise in Alpha Immuno Therapy (AIT) for treatment of various disease modalities. Unfortunately, current production levels of actinium-225 do not support broad use of either actinium-225 or bismuth-213 in development or use for disease treatment. Further, the current cost per millicurie is much too high to be sustainable long term. Resolution of both supply and cost issues allows clinical research to proceed through clinical trials and potentially produce one or more effective therapies for cancer or infectious diseases that could benefit the public. METHODS NorthStar Medical Technologies, LLC, has investigated several routes that could lead to commercial scale production of actinium-225. RESULTS This article will discuss those efforts and results to date. CONCLUSION The outlook for future supplies of actinium-225 from multiple sources to support clinical needs is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Harvey
- NorthStar Medical Technologies, LLC, Beloit, WI, United States
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45
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Abstract
The α-emitting radionuclide actinium-225 possesses nuclear properties that are highly promising for use in targeted α therapy (TAT), a therapeutic strategy that employs α particle emissions to destroy tumors. A key factor, however, that may hinder the clinical use of actinium-225 is the poor understanding of its coordination chemistry, which creates challenges for the development of suitable chelation strategies for this ion. In this article, we provide an overview of the known chemistry of actinium and a summary of the chelating agents that have been explored for use in actinium-225-based TAT. This overview provides a starting point for researchers in the field of TAT to gain an understanding of this valuable therapeutic radionuclide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Thiele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
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46
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Abstract
α-Particle irradiation of cancerous tissue is increasingly recognized as a potent therapeutic option. We briefly review the physics, radiobiology, and dosimetry of α-particle emitters, as well as the distinguishing features that make them unique for radiopharmaceutical therapy. We also review the emerging clinical role of α-particle therapy in managing cancer and recent studies on in vitro and preclinical α-particle therapy delivered by antibodies, other small molecules, and nanometer-sized particles. In addition to their unique radiopharmaceutical characteristics, the increased availability and improved radiochemistry of α-particle radionuclides have contributed to the growing recent interest in α-particle radiotherapy. Targeted therapy strategies have presented novel possibilities for the use of α-particles in the treatment of cancer. Clinical experience has already demonstrated the safe and effective use of α-particle emitters as potent tumor-selective drugs for the treatment of leukemia and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - George Sgouros
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Stavroula Sofou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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47
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Pruszynski M, D'Huyvetter M, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Lahoutte T. Evaluation of an Anti-HER2 Nanobody Labeled with 225Ac for Targeted α-Particle Therapy of Cancer. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1457-1466. [PMID: 29502411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in numerous carcinomas. Nanobodies (Nbs) are the smallest antibody-derived fragments with beneficial characteristics for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Therefore, HER2-targeting nanobodies could offer a valuable platform for radioimmunotherapy, especially when labeled with α-particle emitters, which provide highly lethal and localized radiation to targeted cells with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. In this study, the anti-HER2 2Rs15d-nanobody was conjugated with 2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid ( p-SCN-Bn-DOTA) and radiolabeled with an α-emitter 225Ac with a high yield (>90%) and a radiochemical purity above 95%. The 225Ac-DOTA-Nb binding affinity was 4.12 ± 0.47 nM with an immunoreactive fraction above 80%. Binding to low HER2-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells was negligible, whereas HER2-overexpressing SKOV-3 cells could be blocked with an excess of unlabeled nanobody, confirming the specificity of binding. Noncompeting binding to HER2 was observed in the presence of an excess of trastuzumab. The cell-associated fraction of 225Ac-DOTA-Nb was 34.72 ± 16.66% over 24 h. In vitro, the radioconjugate was toxic in an HER2-mediated and dose-dependent manner, resulting in IC50 values of 10.2 and 322.1 kBq/mL for 225Ac-DOTA-Nb and the 225Ac-DOTA control, respectively, on SKOV-3 cells, and 282.2 kBq/mL for 225Ac-DOTA-Nb on MDA-MB-231 cells. Ex vivo biodistribution studies, performed in mice bearing subcutaneous HER2-overexpressing and low HER2-expressing tumors, showed a fast uptake in SKOV-3 tumors compared to MDA-MB-231 (4.01 ± 1.58% ID/g vs 0.49 ± 0.20% ID/g after 2 h), resulting also in high tumor-to-normal tissue ratios. In addition, coinjection of 225Ac-DOTA-Nb with Gelofusine reduced kidney retention by 70%. This study shows that 225Ac-DOTA-Nb is a promising new radioconjugate for targeted α-particle therapy and supports its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre , Department for Nuclear Safety and Security , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre , Department for Nuclear Safety and Security , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department , UZ Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
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48
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Behling K, Maguire WF, Di Gialleonardo V, Heeb LEM, Hassan IF, Veach DR, Keshari KR, Gutin PH, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Remodeling the Vascular Microenvironment of Glioblastoma with α-Particles. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1771-1777. [PMID: 27261519 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.173559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors escape antiangiogenic therapy by activation of proangiogenic signaling pathways. Bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma, but patients inevitably develop resistance to this angiogenic inhibitor. We previously investigated targeted α-particle therapy with 225Ac-E4G10 as an antivascular approach and showed increased survival and tumor control in a high-grade transgenic orthotopic glioblastoma model. Here, we investigated changes in tumor vascular morphology and functionality caused by 225Ac-E4G10. METHODS We investigated remodeling of the tumor microenvironment in transgenic Ntva glioblastoma mice using a therapeutic 7.4-kBq dose of 225Ac-E4G10. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analyses imaged morphologic changes in the tumor blood-brain barrier microenvironment. Multicolor flow cytometry quantified the endothelial progenitor cell population in the bone marrow. Diffusion-weighted MR imaged functional changes in the tumor vascular network. RESULTS The mechanism of drug action is a combination of remodeling of the glioblastoma vascular microenvironment, relief of edema, and depletion of regulatory T and endothelial progenitor cells. The primary remodeling event is the reduction of both endothelial and perivascular cell populations. Tumor-associated edema and necrosis were lessened, resulting in increased perfusion and reduced diffusion. Pharmacologic uptake of dasatinib into tumor was enhanced after α-particle therapy. CONCLUSION Targeted antivascular α-particle radiation remodels the glioblastoma vascular microenvironment via a multimodal mechanism of action and provides insight into the vascular architecture of platelet-derived growth factor-driven glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Behling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William F Maguire
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Lukas E M Heeb
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Iman F Hassan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Darren R Veach
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip H Gutin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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49
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Maguire WF, McDevitt MR, Smith-Jones PM, Scheinberg DA. Efficient 1-step radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies to high specific activity with 225Ac for α-particle radioimmunotherapy of cancer. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1492-8. [PMID: 24982438 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.138347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeted α-particle radiation using the radioisotope (225)Ac is a promising form of therapy for various types of cancer. Historic obstacles to the use of (225)Ac have been the difficulty in finding suitable chelators to stably attach it to targeting vehicles such as peptides and monoclonal antibodies, the low specific activities of the products, and the lack of cost-effective radiolabeling procedures. We initially solved the first problem with a procedure involving 2 chemical steps that has been used as a standard in preclinical and clinical studies. However, this procedure involves the loss of 90% of the input (225)Ac. A more efficient, economical process is needed to facilitate the more widespread use of (225)Ac. METHODS We conjugated representative antibodies with 2 forms of DOTA as well as other chelators as controls. We developed conditions to radiolabel these constructs in 1 chemical step and characterized their stability, immunoreactivity, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy in healthy and tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS DOTA-antibody constructs were labeled to a wide range of specific activities in 1 chemical step at 37°C. Radiochemical yields were approximately 10-fold higher, and specific activities were up to 30-fold higher than with the previous approach. The products retained immunoreactivity and were stable to serum challenge in vitro and in mice. Labeling kinetics of DOTA-antibody constructs linked through a benzyl isothiocyanate linkage were more favorable than those linked through an N-hydroxysuccinimide linkage. Tissue distribution was similar but not identical between the constructs. The constructs produced specific therapeutic responses in a mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia. CONCLUSION We have characterized an efficient, 1-step radiolabeling method that produces stable, therapeutically active conjugates of antibodies with (225)Ac at high specific activity. We propose that this technology greatly expands the possible clinical applications of (225)Ac monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Maguire
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter M Smith-Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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