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Santos JF, Braz MT, Raposinho P, Cleeren F, Cassells I, Leekens S, Cawthorne C, Mendes F, Fernandes C, Paulo A. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of PSMA-Targeted 111In-Radioconjugates Containing a Mitochondria-Tropic Triphenylphosphonium Carrier. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:216-233. [PMID: 37992229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear DNA is the canonical target for biological damage induced by Auger electrons (AE) in the context of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) of cancer, but other subcellular components might also be relevant for this purpose, such as the energized mitochondria of tumor cells. Having this in mind, we have synthesized novel DOTA-based chelators carrying a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitor and a triphenyl phosphonium (TPP) group that were used to obtain dual-targeted 111In-radioconjugates ([111In]In-TPP-DOTAGA-PSMA and [111In]In-TPP-DOTAGA-G3-PSMA), aiming to promote a selective uptake of an AE-emitter radiometal (111In) by PSMA+ prostate cancer (PCa) cells and an enhanced accumulation in the mitochondria. These dual-targeted 111In-radiocomplexes are highly stable under physiological conditions and in cell culture media. The complexes showed relatively similar binding affinities toward the PSMA compared to the reference tracer [111In]In-PSMA-617, in line with their high cellular uptake and internalization in PSMA+ PCa cells. The complexes compromised cell survival in a dose-dependent manner and in the case of [111In]In-TPP-DOTAGA-G3-PSMA to a higher extent than observed for the single-targeted congener [111In]In-PSMA-617. μSPECT imaging studies in PSMA+ PCa xenografts showed that the TPP pharmacophore did not interfere with the excellent in vivo tumor uptake of the "golden standard" [111In]In-PSMA-617, although it led to a higher kidney retention. Such kidney retention does not necessarily compromise their usefulness as radiotherapeutics due to the short tissue range of the Auger/conversion electrons emitted by 111In. Overall, our results provide valuable insights into the potential use of mitochondrial targeting by PSMA-based radiocomplexes for efficient use of AE-emitting radionuclides in TRT, giving impetus to extend the studies to other AE-emitting trivalent radiometals (e.g., 161Tb or 165Er) and to further optimize the designed dual-targeting constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Santos
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Maria T Braz
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Paula Raposinho
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irwin Cassells
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Simon Leekens
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filipa Mendes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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Maurin M, Wyczółkowska M, Sawicka A, Sikora AE, Karczmarczyk U, Janota B, Radzik M, Kłudkiewicz D, Pijarowska-Kruszyna J, Jaroń A, Wojdowska W, Garnuszek P. [ 99mTc]Tc-PSMA-T4-Novel SPECT Tracer for Metastatic PCa: From Bench to Clinic. Molecules 2022; 27:7216. [PMID: 36364046 PMCID: PMC9658561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in nuclear medicine for diagnosing and treating prostate cancer (PCa), research into new ligands with increasingly better biological properties is still ongoing. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands show great potential as radioisotope carriers for the diagnosis and therapy of patients with metastatic PCa. PSMA is expressed in most types of prostate cancer, and its expression is increased in poorly differentiated, metastatic, and hormone-refractory cancers; therefore, it may be a valuable target for the development of radiopharmaceuticals and radioligands, such as urea PSMA inhibitors, for the precise diagnosis, staging, and treatment of prostate cancer. Four developed PSMA-HYNIC inhibitors for technetium-99m labeling and subsequent diagnosis were subjected to preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate and compare their diagnostic properties. Among the studied compounds, the PSMA-T4 (Glu-CO-Lys-L-Trp-4-Amc-HYNIC) inhibitor showed the best biological properties for the diagnosis of PCa metastases. [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-T4 also showed effectiveness in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies in humans, and soon, its usefulness will be extensively evaluated in phase 2/3 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Maurin
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Piotr Garnuszek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland
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Bianfei S, Fang L, Zhongzheng X, Yuanyuan Z, Tian Y, Tao H, Jiachun M, Xiran W, Siting Y, Lei L. Application of Cherenkov radiation in tumor imaging and treatment. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3101-3118. [PMID: 36065976 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherenkov radiation (CR) is the characteristic blue glow that is generated during radiotherapy or radioisotope decay. Its distribution and intensity naturally reflect the actual dose and field of radiotherapy and the location of radioisotope imaging agents in vivo. Therefore, CR can represent a potential in situ light source for radiotherapy monitoring and radioisotope-based tumor imaging. When used in combination with new imaging techniques, molecular probes or nanomedicine, CR imaging exhibits unique advantages (accuracy, low cost, convenience and fast) in tumor radiotherapy monitoring and imaging. Furthermore, photosensitive nanomaterials can be used for CR photodynamic therapy, providing new approaches for integrating tumor imaging and treatment. Here the authors review the latest developments in the use of CR in tumor research and discuss current challenges and new directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Bianfei
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Fang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Zhongzheng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeng Yuanyuan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Tao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ma Jiachun
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Xiran
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Siting
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Lei
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Machulkin AE, Uspenskaya AA, Zyk NU, Nimenko EA, Ber AP, Petrov SA, Polshakov VI, Shafikov RR, Skvortsov DA, Plotnikova EA, Pankratov AA, Smirnova GB, Borisova YA, Pokrovsky VS, Kolmogorov VS, Vaneev AN, Khudyakov AD, Chepikova OE, Kovalev S, Zamyatnin AA, Erofeev A, Gorelkin P, Beloglazkina EK, Zyk NV, Khazanova ES, Majouga AG. Synthesis, Characterization, and Preclinical Evaluation of a Small-Molecule Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Monomethyl Auristatin E Conjugate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17123-17145. [PMID: 34797052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men. Its main method of treatment is chemotherapy, which has a wide range of side effects. One of the solutions to this challenge is targeted delivery to prostate cancer cells. Here we synthesized a novel small-molecule PSMA-targeted conjugate based on the monomethyl auristatin E. Its structure and conformational properties were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species induction, and stability under liver microsomes and P450-cytochrome species were investigated for this conjugate. The conjugate demonstrated 77-85% tumor growth inhibition levels on 22Rv1 (PSMA (+)) xenografts, compared with a 37% inhibition level on PC-3 (PSMA (-)) xenografts, in a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg and a sufficiently high therapeutic index of 21. Acute, chronic, and subchronic toxicities and pharmacokinetics have shown that the synthesized conjugate is a promising potential agent for the chemotherapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei E Machulkin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Uspenskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay U Zyk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Nimenko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anton P Ber
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav A Petrov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Polshakov
- Center for Magnetic Tomography and Spectroscopy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Radik R Shafikov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Plotnikova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Botkinskiy Proezd, 3, Moscow 125284, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei A Pankratov
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Botkinskiy Proezd, 3, Moscow 125284, Russian Federation
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia A Borisova
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation.,RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Vasilii S Kolmogorov
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 9 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Vaneev
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 9 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Khudyakov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Avenue, Sochi 354340, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Kovalev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Avenue, Sochi 354340, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 9 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Gorelkin
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 9 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Elena K Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay V Zyk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Khazanova
- LLC Izvarino-Pharma, v. Vnukovskoe, Vnukovskoe Shosse, Fifth km., Building 1, Moscow 108817, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 9 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation.,Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
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5
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Hyväkkä A, Virtanen V, Kemppainen J, Grönroos TJ, Minn H, Sundvall M. More Than Meets the Eye: Scientific Rationale behind Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Targeting of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in Metastatic Prostate Cancer and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092244. [PMID: 34067046 PMCID: PMC8125679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in prostate cancer and correlates with the aggressiveness of the disease. PSMA is a promising target for imaging and therapeutics in prostate cancer patients validated in prospective trials. However, the role of PSMA in prostate cancer progression is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the biology and scientific rationale behind the use of PSMA and other targets in the detection and theranostics of metastatic prostate cancer. Abstract Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer type in men globally. Although the prognosis for localized prostate cancer is good, no curative treatments are available for metastatic disease. Better diagnostic methods could help target therapies and improve the outcome. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed on malignant prostate tumor cells and correlates with the aggressiveness of the disease. PSMA is a clinically validated target for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging-based diagnostics in prostate cancer, and during recent years several therapeutics have been developed based on PSMA expression and activity. The expression of PSMA in prostate cancer can be very heterogeneous and some metastases are negative for PSMA. Determinants that dictate clinical responses to PSMA-targeting therapeutics are not well known. Moreover, it is not clear how to manipulate PSMA expression for therapeutic purposes and develop rational treatment combinations. A deeper understanding of the biology behind the use of PSMA would help the development of theranostics with radiolabeled compounds and other PSMA-based therapeutic approaches. Along with PSMA several other targets have also been evaluated or are currently under investigation in preclinical or clinical settings in prostate cancer. Here we critically elaborate the biology and scientific rationale behind the use of PSMA and other targets in the detection and therapeutic targeting of metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Hyväkkä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.H.); (V.V.)
| | - Verneri Virtanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.H.); (V.V.)
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Kemppainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Docrates Cancer Center, FI-00180 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tove J. Grönroos
- Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Heikki Minn
- Department of Oncology, FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.H.); (V.V.)
- Department of Oncology, FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence:
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